USA > Missouri > Carroll County > History of Carroll County, Missouri : carefully written and compiled from the most authentic official and private sources, including a history of its townships, cities, towns and villages, together with a condensed history of Missouri ; the Constitution of the United States, and State of Missouri ; a military record of its volunteers in either army of the Great Civil War ; general and local statistics ; miscellany ; reminiscences, grave, tragic and humorous ; biographical sketches of prominent men and citizens identified with the interests of the country > Part 1
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HAROLD B. LEE LIBRARY BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY PROVO, UTAH
1
Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2017 with funding from Brigham Young University
https://archive.org/details/historyofcarroll00miss
UL TOMARONH
HAROLD B. LEE LIBRARY BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY PROVO, UTAH
History of Carroll County, Missouri
This is an exact reproduction of an original book. Any errors that exist in the original, including typographic errors and errors in pagination, exist in this facsimile.
Digital Production by Northern Micrographics, A Division of NMT Corporation La Crosse, Wisconsin Copyright 2012 NMT Corporation www.nmt.com
Published by Brookhaven Press, A Division of NMT Corporation La Crosse, Wisconsin www.brookhavenpress.com 1.800.236.0850
HW2140 MO1039 ISBN 1-4035-2226-X
COTTAGE.
COTTAGE.
COLLEGE FARM HOUSE.
STATE AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE FARM, COLUMBIA, MISSOURI.
HISTORY
OP
Carroll County, Missouri,
CAREFULLY WRITTEN AND COMPILED
FROM THE
MOST AUTHENTIC OFFICIAL AND PRIVATE SOURCES,
INCLUDING A HISTORY OF ITS
Townships, Cities, Towns and Villages,
TOGETHER WITH
A CONDENSED HISTORY OF MISSOURI; THE CONSTITUTION OF TIIE UNITED STATES, AND STATE OF MISSOURI; A MILITARY RECORD OF ITS VOLUNTEERS IN EITHER ARMY OF THE GREAT CIVIL WAR; GENERAL AND LOCAL STATISTICS; MISCELLANY; REMINISCENCES, GRAVE, TRAGIC AND JIUMOROUS; BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF PROMINENT MEN AND CITIZENS IDENTIFIED WITH THE INTERESTS OF TIIE COUNTY.
ILLUSTRATED.
ST. LOUIS :. MISSOURI HISTORICAL COMPANY. 1881.
ST
UNITED WE
ZO WE FALL
SALUS
LEXESTO,
POPULI
SUPREMA
MDOCCXX
CONTENTS.
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI.
PAGE.
Historical and Political. 9
Prehistoric Missouri .. 10
The White Race in Missouri 15
Missouri as a State. . . ..
25
Summary of Events and Dates
25
Counties and population
26
Census Report, 1880.
27
State Finances. . 29
Presidential Vote, 1820 to 1880 30
Governors From 1820 to 1880. 31
United States Senators.
31
Members of Congress
32
Public School System.
34
Protectional Laws.
40
Homestead Exemption. 40
Exemption of Personal Property 42
Rights of Married Women. 43
'Taxation .
43
Public Debt Limitation.
44
Comparative Tax Rate.
45
Federal Officers in the State.
46
Missouri's Distinguished Men-
Daniel Boone ... 47
Thomas H. Benton 47
James B. Eads. 48
Carl Schurz ..
49
Prof. Charles V. Riley
49
Missouri in Civil War.
50
Geology and Minerals.
66
Geological Chart.
67
Mineral Resources.
72
Earth, Clays, Ochres, etc.
77
Geography of Missouri.
78
Rivers and Water Courses. 81
Notable Springs.
82
Soils and Their Products. 83
Wild Game.
85
Climato
87
Healthfulness of the State. 89
Agriculture.
90
Staple Crops
91
Horticulture.
93
The Grasshoppers
96
Navigation and Commerce. 99
The Lewis and Clark Expedition.
100
First Steamboats in Missouri
101
The Barge System
103
Railroads in Missouri.
104
Manufacturing in Missouri
107
Principal Cities in Missouri.
108
Constitution of the United States.
113
Constitution of Missouri ..
124
Abstracts of State Laws and Forms ....
.166
Practical Rules for Every Day Use. . .. 196
Names of the States of the Union and
Their Significance.
202
HISTORY OF CARROLL COUNTY.
PAGE.
PAGE.
Geographical Location 205
De Witt Township ...
425
Town of De Witt. 429
Organization of County. 223
Leslie Township. 433
The Hetherly War 232
Egypt Township. 438
The Florida War.
.235
Hurricane Township 444
The Mormon War. 243
History of County from 1840 to '50. .262
Stokes Mound. 449
Washington Township 455
Eugene Township. 460
Carroll County in 1862 .316
Moss Creek Township 464
Carroll County in 1863 327
Combs Township ... 468
Fairfield Township. 471
Cherry Valley Township 473
Ridge Township. 475
Miami Township. 477
Van Horn Township 479
Sugar Tree Township 481
Wakanda Township. 483
Rockford Township 486
Compton Township. 488
Hill Township. 490
Prairie Township
492
Township and City Histories-
Carrollton Township.
407
City of Carrollton.
411
371
Miscellaneous-Confederate. 373
Newspapers of the County ..
.377
Prominent Criminal Cases.
379
History of Teachers' Institute.
382
List of County Officers
386
History from 1865 to '81.
388
Carroll County in 1864.
.337
Union Soldiers' Record. 365
Confederate Soldiers' Record.
Trotter Township 447
History of County from 1850 to '60. .279
Carroll County in 1861. .288
Early Settlements, etc .. .211
PAGE.
Smith Township.
494
6
CONTENTS.
BIOGRAPHICAL DIRECTORY.
Gen. James Shields. . 495 PAGE.
Rev. Al bot Hancock. 498
Col. William Hill .... 499 Major Charles Sterne. 501
Judge Thomas Arnold 501 Col. J. A. Pritchard .. 502
John C. Baker. .505
- Ralph Farr. .505
John J. Callaway . 506
John R. Patteson . . 506
Leven Comer .. .506
John Howard ... .507 Jefferson Gallaher ... 507
Burnoit Woods .. .. 507
Jesse T. J. Craig. ... 508 C. James J. Martyr .. 509 R. W. Backenstoe ... 509 George W. Booker .. 510 Judge J. Farrington 510
Elbert J. Harrison . . . 511 F. G. Rankin. .511
James H. Fuller. . . 511 Isaac Shelby ... .511
Thomas A. Charlton . . 512
Caster B. Dean, M. D. 512 Jacob 1). Broadhurst. 513 Wash. Ford, M. D ... 514
Thomas C. Brown . . . 514 Gideon B: Shirky . . .. 515
A. J. Hinds, M. D .. . . 516
J. W. Cunningham. . 516
Joseph H. Oatman. .. 517
May W. Burton. 518
Robert Gillies. 519
Herman Hass .. 519
Adolph J. Hanns 520 Peter C. Wilson .... 520
Jolin P. Finly .521
Wm. T. Helpenstine. 549
W. W. Jenkins .. .. . 549
Richard Lee. ..
... 549
John W. Lowery ... .549 James L. McLeod .. .550
Bennett Menefee ... . 550
William Redding . . 551
Thomas Roney. .551
Pliny D. Swank. .552
George Stemın .552
Bailey Walker ...... 553
Rev. O. P. Wheeler. 553 John Whitworth ..... 553
PAGE.
Jacob E. Armitage. . 554
William A. Audsley. 554 John B. Barrett ..... 554 Dr. Daniel T'. Brooks 555 Alpheus Chain ...... 555 Eugene Cunningham. 556
Andrew Eller ... ... 556
John D. Griffith ..... 557
David Glad wili.
... 557
Phocion L. Guillet .. . 557
Samuel Balch.
.558
John Darrah.
558
Daniel H. Schofield .. 558 Eli S. Miles. 559
Truman S. Kile.
. 559
John Foster
559
Jesse H. Work.
.560
Francis F. Audsley . . 560
W. H. Hollister
. .
.560
W. W. Hiatt.
.. 561
Jacob Phleger. .
.. 561
Humphrey Perry ... .562
John Quincy Adams. . 562
J. F. M. Logan ...... 562 Phocion P. Guillett .. 563 Dr. Geo. R. Highsmith 563 Berry J. Jones ...... 564 James G. Jones ..... 564
J. E. Knappenberger. 564
Jamas S. Logan, M.D. 565 Dr. John P. Logan. . . 555 William Marquess .. . 566
F. E. May . . . . .... .. 566
James McKinney .... 566 Jonathan Mckinney. . 566
John W. Miller .. .. 567
James G. Perry .. . . 567
Elias Perry . . .568
W. S. Ruckel. .. 568 Thomas I. Sinclair ... 568
Nimrod A. Spencer .. 569 Elias Starkey .569
Cebe Wallace.
.570
Mason Wise
.570
W. D. Weltner
.570
Joseph Wilkinson .... 570
Fredrick B. Wrockroff 571 A. T. Kendrick. .. 571
Dudley Thomas.
...
.571
B. D. Kendrick . .
.572
John M. Dumm
.572
Henry C. Brenneman 529
PAGE.
Daniel Heiney . .. . . . 529
Lewis W. Overholtz. 5%9
George W. Metcalf .. 530 Thomas D. White. ... 530
Josiah F. Hudson . .. 531
Henry C. Pile. .532 Michael Wagner .... 532
Col. Calvin Minton .. . 533 James Cleary ....... 534 Edward P. Meehan. . 534
George R. Ma-Gee .. 535 William H. Barrett. . . 536 Anthony Limbird .... 536 Orsa Elliott .. .537
James W. McFall .... 537 Robert N. Bannister . 538
Joseph B. Bradley ... 539 Thomas Kenton ..... 539 Henry H. Franken ... 540 George W. Thomas. . 540
Charles Beck ..... .541
Geo. W. Cummings. . 541 Henry M. Wheeler ... 542 Joseph Wheeler ..... 542 William R. Hays. ... 543 Wm. F. Montgomery . 544 Benedict Stemple. . . . 544 Samuel Higginbottom 545 Henry C. Butts .. . . . 546
William Cox, M. D ... 54C James H. Creel. . .546
Isaac C. Cruzen .. . . 547
Peter F. Elsas. ..... 547 Ephraim C. Grigsby . 547
William J. Grow .... 548
William Harrold .... 548
John T. Mayfield .... 548
Nathaniel M. White. . 521 Thomas J. Mason. ... 522 William Payne ...... 523 Henry Wetherholt ... 523 . 524 James Payne.
William H. Hess .. .524
John A. Creasy. 525
Henry Wenzel ..
.. 526
Michael J. McAuliffe. 527
William B. Vest .... 527
John W. Edwards ... 528
Alfred J. Rose. 551 Frank Schries .. . .526
7.
CONTENTS.
PAGB.
John Burruss .. .573
Robert Ferrill. .573
George W. Walden .. 573
John A. Frazier .573
S. Cropp.
..
.574
William Humphries. . 574
Asa Brookover.
.575
W. H. Adkins.
575
S: E. Dickson .575
Geo. W. Tatham .575
J. L. Mirick ... ... 602 N. G. Benson. 576 James W. Buchanan. 603 W. H. Hardwick 576 W. L. Willis .. .604 Thomas Bryordy .577
Thomas E. Willis.
.604
John H. Hanes 577 Julius B. Weil . 604
L. B. Jenkins. 577
Henry B. Turpin . ..
W. J. Herndon. .605 James A. Wagaman. . 606
Jackson Thorp.
.579
W. M. Allen.
579
Joseph Baum. 579
W. A. Berry. . .. 580
Kossuth Birkenwald. . 580
Alex. C. Blackwell. .. 581
Bennett W. Bowdry. 582 Lewis Blakeley ...... 583
Geo. W. Brasher .... 583
Isaac Ralph Brown .. 583
Robert E. Buchanan.584
Geo. T. Burgess. .. 584
John Campbell .. .584
Morris Carter. .585 J. R. Clinkscales. .. . 585
John W. Clinkscales.585
Lewis Heitz.
611
David Cobb ..
586
A. M. Herndon
611
Dan R. Brand.
.586
Asa W. Cotbran.
.587
Frank V. Crouch .587
John G. Houston.
.612
M. W. Jarboe. 613
John Kelly
.613
John R. Kerby
613
William H. Day ..
589
O. J. Kerby
614
Robert Lemons
614
Aaron Levy.
615
J. A. Lindsay. .615
Thomas W.McGuire. 615 Richard P. McGee .. . 616
L. M. Mettler .. . . .616
W. L. Earickson. .594 R. C. Ely. .595
Allen R. Ennis 595 Thomas Orchard .. .617
Tipton Finley
.595
Samuel Painter.
.. .. 618
Aaron Quick .....:. 618
Leonidas Quisenberry 619
PAGE.
Judge E. J. Rea. ... . 619 Edmund J. Rea. .... 619 E. W. Reynolds .... 620 Geo. J. Reynolds .... 620 Solomon Rosenstock .. 621 Joseph L. Roy ... .621
John Warnock ... .599 William D. Dobson .. 600 Louis B. Ely. . .. 600 Henry A. Saeger .... 622 Chas. A. Scott .. . 622. James W. Sebree. .622 W. D. Shanklin. .623
W. S. Shirley . .623
George R. Starnes ... 623 Winfield S. Timmens 624 Calvin W. Trotter ... 624 .605. Dr. Littleton Tull .... 624
George Thomas .... . 624 Dr. Wm. A. Tull .... 625 Dr. Ed. A. Wagner. . 625
Wm. Standley.
.626
J. R. Wagaman. ..
.. 606
James M. Nelson .
.606
Jesse Morrow.
626
Dr. Peter Austin .... 607
Dr. M. W. Mitchell .. 607
Addison Botts
.627
Dr. John D. Leland. . 607
Albert Benson
627
Frank W. Kaiser.
.. 608
J. J. Block.
Richard S. Miller.
... 608
627
M. M. Block
.628
N. E. Canaday .
.628
G. W. Collins. .629
Rev. A. T. Cooper
629
M. H. Glaze.
. 630
P. C. Hartis.
631
Dr. Edward Hesse ... 631 William Brown. .. 631 Richard T. Holliday . . 632 W. G. Hood ..... . 633
Thomas F. Hoy ..
... 633
E. E. Lilly . ..
.. 633
Jas. L. McWilliams .. 634 William McIlvoy .... 634 J. W. Miller ........ 634 Judge C. M. Minnis. 635
J. M. Mossbarger. .. . 635 Zachariah Myers .... 635 James Runion ...... 636 William H. Smith ... 636 N. O. Stephenson .... 636 A. J. Street .. . . 637
W. B. Minnis. .. ..
.616
Mrs. Mary Sugg.
.637
W. O. P. Thomas. ..
.638
Rev. J. D.Murphy. .. 617
Elias A. Trout ..
638
Adam Boo ...
.638
John T. Brandom.
. 639
M. R. Gittings
.596
T. J. Gittings
.596
PAGE.
Col. J. B. Hale ...... 596
Lawrence K. Kinsey . 598 J. H. Turner. .598
James F. Graham .... 599
Charles R. Simpson. . 601 James C. Anderson .. 602
W. D. Jacobs .. .608
Alexander Trotter ... 609
Isaac A. McCombs ... 609
H. Rhomberg.
.609
Francis N. Dodds.
.629
J. A. Givens
.630
W. W. Wilhite
.610
Dr. J. L. Grant. 610
Joseph N. Tuley 610
O. B. Queen.
611
Charles S. Hill.
.612
John G. Houseman. . 612
C. A. Cunningham. .588 John J. Curtis. .588
Garrett Darcy ....
.588
Herman David ... .589
John L. Deatherage. . 590 Edward Devine ..... 590 Judge J. E. Drake .. . 591
R. C. Dunkle.
591
Capt. W. M. Eads ... 592
James Cochran.
.639
Joseph S. Pence.
.578
William S. Simms
578
8
CONTENTS.
PAGE.
John W. Staton ..... 639
B. B. Rupe, M. D ... 640
John F. Crane. .640
N. C. Finch .... .640
Rev. G. T. Kinaird. . 641 David M. Nowland. . 641
Thomas A. Orr. ... 641
R. H. Quisenberry. . 641
John H. Rea.
...
.642
Daniel Russell ..
.642
Oliver S. Russell. . . . 642
Walter O. Squires. . . 643
Clay Thomas.
643
Janics Wood.
643
Thomas Archibald ... 644 John A. Austin. . . 644 Jas. T. Blackburn .. . 644
Joseph A. Buckner. . 645
Arthur S. Byrd. ...
.646
Dr. R. H. Corren.
.646
J. R. Yates, M. D .. .665 E. C. Hayden. ...... 646
Rev. L. P. Johnson. . 647
Rolla Lamson.
647
James F. Lawton 647
Z. T. Mastin. 648
Archer Rogers.
. 648
W. M. Turpin.
648
James L. Wilson 649
Jonathan Bowers. .649
James Fash
649
Lyman Ford. 650
G. A. Green.
650
William A. John.
.. 650
Thomas J. Jones. . .651
Ansel Lesley.
.651
Augustus A. Lesley. 651 Henry Lever. . .. 652 Levi W. McCain. .652 W. A. Oliver 653
A. T. Parks 653
D. D. Rayner
653
Jonathan Rca
653
John O. Roberts
.654
A. J. Snider
654
655
Lewis N. Rees ..
. . 655
Judge James Trotter . 656 Edward Templeman. 656 Rev. Jas. M. Goodson 657
David Swank .. ... 657
John S. Harford ..... 658
William Crockett .... 658 |S. D. Sinart. 677
John M. Smart .. . .677
James M. Smart.
.677
W. H. Snider.
.678
David Snider.
.678
John H. Standley.
678
B. Y. Standley .
.678
John P. Goodson
. . 661
Elihu Sullivan.
.. 679
G. R. Swigget. . . ..
.. 679
Dr. Daniel Wagoner. 679 Joseph H. Rea .. ... 680 Lewis C. Trotter ..... 680 Cornelius B. Vaughn.680 W. W. Riley . ... 681 B. Godsey . .. .681 Thomas L. Charles. .. 681 Henry R. Stevenson. 682
Elias Reber ......... 682
Rev. W. H. Wilson .. 683 William R. Hooten .. 683
Lauren C. Conger ... 683 John C. Cook ... . .. 684
James B. Henderson. 684
Elijah Stepbens ..... 685 Henry Hicks ........ 685 Robert M. Trussell ... 685 William T. Munson .686 Henry A. Reynolds. . 686 Samuel H. Reeves .. . 686 Jonathan Ingram .... 687 Levi Jenkins. .. ... 687
Daniel R. Bartlett ... 687 Wilford B. Fields. ... 687 John R. Fisk. . .. 688
Hutchins Burton .... 688 Gibson Timbrook .... 688 James M. Stevenson. . 689 Harvey Batts ....... 689 Sanford A. Crouch ... 689 Dr. S. B. Herrington. 690 Elias A. Jeffries . .690
J. F. Eyler.
690
John Bncher. .. 690
Bradley A. Wilmot. 691 Thomas H. Ballew. .. 691 William Cleary ..... 692 William S. Grider ... 692 Henry Giger. . .. ... 692
Jeremiah Williams. . . 674 John S. Williamson. . 675 Robert A. Wright ... 675 R. M. Adkins. ... .. 676 W. P. McQueen. ... 692 George W.Craig. 693
H. E. Jones.
.693
Alphonso Fuller.
693
M. J. Harrison.
.. 694
PAGE,
Mrs. Susan A. Bristow 659
Benjamin F. Wheat .. 659 William J. Richeson. 660
Henry A. Hart .660
W. F. Goodson. .660 James Goodson. .661
Jefferson M. Cox. . ... 661 Thomas N. Goodson . . 662 I. C. Stanley . . . . 662
William Adams. .... 662
John A. Burbage. .. 663
Dr. T. J. Brown .. .663
Jabez Calvert. 663
Jasper N. Caulk. .663
James B. Lank.
.. 664
Wiley Roy ... .. 664 William B. Sinclair .. 664 B. C. Woods. .665
J. A. Yates 665
George Wilson .. . .666
William H. Adams .. 667
Winfield S. Bronson. 667
William .W. Brown .. 668 Seth G. Carr .. .668
James P. Dale. 668
L. E. Dorsey. .. 669
Francis A. Elliott. .669
A. J. Graves.
670
John Johnson
670
R. S. Judd.
670
J. E. Lyon 670
Rev. Thomas Minnis. . 671 George Osborne .. .671
Morris Osburn. . .
.. 671
William Renzelman. . 672
Leopold Schies. .672
John Staunn ... 672
Obadiah Stevens .... 673 Nehemiah Sugg, Jr .. . 673 James T. Sumpter. .. 673 L. W. Sumpter. . .673
W. F. Thomason. .674
James K. Stone
Henry C. Busby .. ... 676
James L. Cunningham 676 W. J. Miller. .677
PAGE.
History of the State of Missouri.
PART I .- HISTORICAL AND POLITICAL.
INTRODUCTORY.
When a book is written, it is presumed that the writer had some object in view and some end to achieve by his labor in collecting the material and writing the book; and it is right that he should put himself on good terms with his readers at the outset by making a' brief, but frank and honest statement of his object, plan and purpose in the book which he offers to public patronage. The writer of this History of Missouri has aimed to embody in a brief space the greatest amount of solid and reliable information about things which directly hinge and center upon or within the territory of this State-this international commonwealth, which holds by right divine the royal prerogative of a destiny imperial and grand, if she can acquire or develop human brain and muscle adequate to utilize wisely, honorably and energetically her magnificent natural resources, both of commercial position and of agricultural and mineral wealth. The writer's desire and effort has been to present nothing which would not be read with deep interest by every intelligent citizen of Missouri at the present time; and also stand as a permanent body of information, at once useful and reliable for future reference. Discussion of theories, problems or doubtful matters has been avoided; solid facts have been diligently sought after; and the narrative has been made to embody as many facts and events as possible without falling into the dry-bones method of mere statistical tables. In fact, the limit of space allotted him has compelled the writer to condense, epitomize, shorten up-and therefore continually to repress his desire to embellish the narrative with the graces of rhetoric and the glow of an exuberant and fervid enthusiasm. This, however, secures to the reader more facts within the same space.
In preparing this work more than a hundred volumes have been con- sulted, to collate incidents and authenticate dates and facts, besides much matter gathered from original sources and not before embraced in anv
1
10
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI.
book. It is not presumed that there are no mistakes or errors of state- ment herein made; but it is believed that there are fewer of such lapses than commonly occur with the same amount of data in similar works. The classification of topics is an attempt to give them a consecutive and consistent relative place and order in the book, for convenience of inci -: dental reference or of selective reading.
PRE-HISTORIC MISSOURI.
THE MOUND.BUILDERS, ETC.
Every State has a pre-historic history-that is, remains and relics are found which show that the land was inhabited by a race or races of men long before its discovery and occupation by a race sufficiently advanced in the arts of civilization to preserve, a written record of their own observations and doings. It is now well established that every portion of the United States was inhabited by a race of men grouped under the general name of "Mound-builders," who preceded the modern hunter tribes called "Indians." It further appears, from all the evidence accumu- lated, that the Mound-builders were a race that made permanent settle- ments, and built earthworks of considerable extent for defense against enemies, both man and beast; also for sepulture, for religious rites, and for memorial art; it is also evident that they cultivated the soil to some extent, made rude textile fabrics and clay pottery, and wrought imple- ments of domestic use, ornaments, charms, toys, pipes, etc., and weapons of war and of the chase, from flint, porphyry, jasper, hornstone, granite, slate, and other varieties of rocks; also from horn, bone, shells, and other animal products; and from native copper. But they had no knowledge of iron, nor any art of smelting copper; they merely took small pieces of the native ore and hammered it cold with their stone tools until it took some rude shape of utility, and then they scoured and polished it to its utmost brilliancy; and it is altogether probable that these articles were only possessed by the chieftains or ruling families. Plates of mica are also found among their remains, with holes for suspension on cords around the neck or body; and lumps of galena or lead ore sometimes occur, but these must have been valued merely as trinkets or charms, because of their lustre. Remains of this people are found frequently both on the bluffs and bottom lands of the Mississippi and Missouri rivers, and, in many States, far inland, also.
The first mention of such remains in Missouri is made by a U. S.
11
·HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI.
exploring expedition under Major S. H. Long, in 1819. This expedition went in the first steamboat that ever puffed and paddled its way against the swift, muddy current of the Missouri river; * the boat was named " Western Engineer," but it had a double stern-wheel, or two wheels, one of them named in large letters, "James Monroe," and the other "John C. Calhoun," in honor of the then President and Secretary of War. This steamer had to stop at St. Louis for some repairs; and two members of the expedition, Messrs. Thomas Say and T. R. Peale, improved the time by surveying a group of twenty-seven ancient mounds which occu- pied ground that is now all covered over by the modern city of St. Louis. This occurred in Tune, 1819; Mr. Say prepared a map of the mounds and a brief account of them, and this appears to be the first authentic record of such ancient works within the territory now constituting the State of Missouri; his notes on these mounds were published in 1823, in the report of Major Long's expedition, but his map of them was never published until 1862, when it appeared on page 387 of the " Smithsonian Report" for the year 1861. In his account Mr. Say says:
. " Tumuli and other remains of the labors of nations of Indians (?) that inhabited this region many ages since are remarkably numerous about St. Louis. Those tumuli immediately northward of the town and within a short distance of it, are twenty-seven in number, of various forms and magnitudes, arranged nearly in a line from north to south. The common form is an oblong square, and they all stand on the second bank of the river. * It seems probable these piles of earth were raised * as cemeteries, or they may have supported altars for religious cer- emonies."
It was from these mounds that St. Louis derived her pseudonym of the. " Mound City"; but this name is now almost entirely obsolete, since the city has risen up to claim the prouder title of "Inter-Metropolis of North America". When the largest one of the mounds was leveled some skeletons were found, and some thick discs with holes through them; they had probably served as beads, and were wrought from shells of a spe- cies of fresh water clam or mussel. Numerous specimens of wrought flints were found between St. Louis and Carondelet, in 1860; and in 1861 an ancient flint shovel was dug up while building military earthworks.
. In Mississippi county, in the southeastern corner of the State, there is a group of mounds covering ten acres, in section 6, t. 24, r. 17, varying from ten to thirty feet in height. About 1855 these mounds were explored by two gentlemen from Chicago, and they found some pottery, with men represented upon its sides; one figure appeared to be a priest or some official personage, as shown by his head-dress, and the- other
* Campbell's History of Howard County says: " May 28th, 1819, the first steamboat- the ' Independence,' Capt. Nelson, time from St. Louis, including all stops, twelve days -. landed at Franklin on her way up the [ Missouri] river." Thus it seems that Major Long's boat was really the second one to go up, although in most histories it is mentioned as the first-and it was the first that went up any great distance.
12
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI.
represented a captive bound with thongs. Both figures showed the peculiar contour of head and features which marks the mound-builder race.
In December, 1868, some laborers engaged in grading Sixth street, in East St. Louis, dug up a nest of unused flint hoes or shovels, and another deposit of shells with string-holes worked in them, and another deposit of boulders of flint and greenstone, ready to make more tools or weapons from. These deposits were on high ground, and about half-way between two ancient mounds.
In 1876 or 1877 some ancient mounds were discovered on the banks of the Missouri river near Kansas City. They were in groups of three and five together, at different points for five miles up and down the river. Some were built entirely of earth, and some had a rude stone chamber or vault inside, but covered with earth so that all looked alike outside. They were of an irregular oval shape, from four to six feet high, and had heavy growths of timber on top. Mr. W. H. R. Lykins, of Kansas City, noticed a burr-oak tree five feet in diameter, growing on top of one of them, and the decayed stump of a black walnut of about the same size, on another. In describing the exploration of some of these mounds Mr. Lykins gives some points that will be of interest to every one. He says:
" We did not notice any very marked peculiarity as to these bones except their great size and thickness, and the great prominence of the supraciliary ridges. The teeth were worn down to a smooth and even surface. The next one we opened was a stone mound. On clearing off the top of this we came upon a stone wall inclosing an area about eight feet square, with a narrow opening for a doorway or entrance on the south side. The wall of this inclosure was about two feet thick; the inside was as smooth and compactly built and the corners as correctly squared as if constructed by a practical workman. No mortar had been used. At a depth of about two feet from the top of the wall we found a layer of five skeletons lying with their feet toward the south." *
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