USA > Missouri > Carroll County > History of Carroll County, Missouri : carefully written and compiled from the most authentic official and private sources, including a history of its townships, cities, towns and villages, together with a condensed history of Missouri ; the Constitution of the United States, and State of Missouri ; a military record of its volunteers in either army of the Great Civil War ; general and local statistics ; miscellany ; reminiscences, grave, tragic and humorous ; biographical sketches of prominent men and citizens identified with the interests of the country > Part 7
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August 6 .- Battle of Kirksville. Col. Porter, with 2,000 or 3,000 Con- federates, mostly raw recruits who had been destroying bridges, was attacked by Col. McNeil with 1,000 cavalry and 6 cannon. Battle lasted four hours. Confederates retreated, with loss of 180 killed and 500 wounded, and some wagon loads of arms and other supplies. Federal loss, 28 killed and 60 wounded.
August 10 .- Federals attacked 1,200 Confederates under Col. Poindex- ter while crossing the Chariton river. After a running fight of three or four days, Col. Poindexter's troops were all killed, captured or dispersed, and himself taken prisoner.
August 11 .- Col. Hughes captured the Federal garrison of 312 men of the 7th Missouri cavalry, stationed at Independence.
August 15 .- Battle of Lone Jack, in Jackson county. Col. Coffey and Col. Hughes, with 4,500 men, attacked the Federals under Major Foster, wounding him, capturing his two cannon, and compelling him to retreat to Lexington. The victorious Confederates were in turn pursued by
"*By order of Gen. Sterling Price, it [the North Missouri Railroad] was partially destroyed in June and July, 1861; and on the 20th of December, 1861, for a hundred miles, every bridge and culvert was broken down, and a perfect wreck made of everything that could be destroyed. In September and October, 1864, two trains of cars and seven depots were burned, and several engines injured."-Annual Report State Commissioner of Statis- tics, 1866; p. 258.
60
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI.
stronger bodies of the National troops, and rapidly retreated toward Arkansas.
September 24 .- Gen. Curtis placed in command of all Union troops in Missouri.
October 1 .- Battle of Newtonia, in Newton county. Gen. Salomon, of Wisconsin, was defeated by Confederate cavalry. Losses not known. Gen. Hindman was advancing from Arkansas with 13,000 to 20,000 Con- federates, poorly armed. Gen. Schofield came up with 10,000 troops to attack him at Newtonia, but he retreated back into Arkansas, closely pursued by the Federals.
December 7 .- Battle of Prairie Grove, Ark. This, being just over the line, was practically a Missouri battle; it was fought between the same armies which had been so long contending for the mastery in this state. Our own state Generals, Marmaduke, Parsons and Frost, were in com- mand, under Gen. Hindman. The Federal commanders were Generals Blunt and Herron. Federal loss, 495 killed, 600 wounded; the Confeder- ates lost 1,500 in killed and wounded, and suffered a defeat.
EVENTS IN 1863.
January 8 .- Battle of Springfield. General Brown with 1,200 Mis- souri State militia, was attacked by Gen. Marmaduke with 1,870 Confed- erate troops. The battle lasted eight hours. Federal loss, 14 killed, 145 wounded, 5 missing. Confederates lost, 41 killed and 160. wounded, 80 of the latter being left as prisoners.
January 11 .- Battle of Hartsville. Firing commenced at 11 A. M., and continued until 4:30 P. M. Confederates under Generals Marmaduke and Porter lost 300 killed and wounded, and 29 taken prisoners. Among the killed were Gen. McDonald and Col. Porter, besides six other officers. The Federals were under Col. Samuel Merrill, (afterward Governor of Iowa), and lost 7 killed, 64 wounded and 7 missing. The Confederates retreated back into Arkansas.
March 28 .- Steamboat "Sam. Gaty " captured by Confederates at Sibley's landing, near Independence.
April 26 .- The Federal garrison at Cape Girardeau under Gen. Mc- Neil was attacked by Gen. Marmaduke with 10,000 men, and a battle of five hours ensued, in which the assailants lost 60 killed and over 300 wounded. They retreated back into Arkansas, being pursued to the state line by Missouri militia, and a few more were killed or captured.
May 13 .- Gen. Schofield was placed in command in Missouri, succeed- ing Gen. Curtis.
August 13 .- Col. Coffey, Confederate, attacked the 6th Missouri cav- alry under Col. Catherwood, at Pineville, in McDonald county, and was
.61
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI.
repulsed, with .loss of 200 killed, wounded and prisoners, besides his wagons, munitions and cattle.
October 13 .- Battle near Arrow Rock, Saline county. Confederates reported 2,500 in number, under Cols. Shelby and Coffey, were attacked by. Missouri state militia under Gen. E. B. Brown, and defeated with a loss of 300 in killed, wounded and prisoners, besides all their artillery and baggage. Fight lasted five hours. Federal loss not known, though reported as " also large."
EVENTS IN 1864.
January 28 .- Gen. Rosecrans arrived at St. Louis and took command of the Department of Missouri.
Fune -. The Belgian Consul, who was state commander of the secret order of "American Knights, " or "Sons of Liberty, " was arrested, with forty of the most prominent members, and held as hostages, because proof had been discovered that they were plotting against the Federal authori- ties.
September 26 .- Gen. Price, with 10,000 men, attacked the Federal gar- rison at Ironton (near Pilot Knob), in command of Gen. Thomas Ewing, jr., with 1,200 men. After a day's hard fighting the Federals spiked their fort guns and retreated in the night to Rolla, having lost 200 killed and wounded. The Confederates lost 1,500.
October 7 .- Battle or skirmish of Moreau creek, in Cole county, which Gen. Price crossed, and formed his army in line of battle about four miles long around Jefferson City. But finding the Federal garrison intrenched, he marched on west without attacking them. (The Federals had 6,700. men there).
October 22 .- Gen. Pleasanton's Federal cavalry defeated Col. Fagan at Independence, capturing two cannon.
October 23 .- Battle on the Big Blue creek, in Jackson county, lasting from 7 A. M., till 1 P. M. Confederates retreated southward.
October 25 .- Battle on little Osage Creek in Vernon county. Gen. Price was defeated, the Federals under Gen. Pleasonton capturing eight cannon, and Generals Marmaduke and Cabell, besides five colonels and 1,000 men, with all equipments, supplies, etc. The fighting had been almost continuous by some part of the troops, all along the march from Independence to the Little Osage; and reports at this point give the Fed- eral loss at 1,000 killed and wounded, and about 2,000 taken prisoners; Confederate loss, 900 killed, 3,800 wounded and prisoners, and ten cannon captured from them.
October 28 .- Gen. Price again made a stand at Newtonia, in Newton county, and had a sharp fight with the Federals under Gens. Blunt and San- born, but was defeated and escaped into Arkansas. And this was the
62
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI.
last encounter that can be called a "battle" within the bounds of our state. The numbers engaged on either side, and their losses in this last fight are ·not reported.
MEN AND MONEY FOR THE WAR
Under President Lincoln's first call, April 15, 1861, for .75,000 volun- teers, Missouri furnished 10,501 men; and she furnished a total of 108,773 Federal or Union soldiers during the war. The total number of citizens of Missouri who took up arms on the Confederate side cannot be ascer- tained.
„ ,During the war.the state issued its.indebtedness .called. "Defense War- rants" and "Union Military . Bonds," for equipping and maintaining the militia organizations of the state; the total amount was $7,876,575. All of the defense warrants and one-half of the Union military bonds were made receivable for state taxes; and a special fund was created for the redemption of the balance. The United States paid to the state of Mis- souri a total of $6,440,323.95, to reimburse her for military expenses incurred.
ST. LOUIS IN THE WAR-TIME.
Notwithstanding the strenuous competition of other cities, the superior advantages of St. Louis for distribution, and a due regard for its own interests, compelled the government to make St. Louis the western base of supplies and transportation. During the war the transactions of the government at this point were very large. Gen. Parsons, chief of trans- portation in the Mississippi' Valley, submits the following as an approxi- mate summary of the operations in his department from 1860 to 1865:
AMOUNT OF TRANSPORTATION.
Cannons and caissons.
800
Wagons
13,000
Cattle. 80,000
Horses and mules. 250,000
Troops 1,000,000
Pounds of military stores 1,950,000,000
. Gen. Parsons thinks that full one-half of all the transportation employed by the government on the Mississippi and its tributaries was furnished by St. Louis. From September, 1861, to December 31, 1865, Gen. Haines, chief commissary of this department, expended at St. Louis for the pur- chase of subsistence stores, $50,700,000. And Gen. Myers, chief quar- termaster of the department, disbursed for supplies, transportation, and incidental expenses, $180,000,000.
63
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI.
HOSPITAL SERVICE.
As a part of the war history of Missouri, the military hospitals of St. Louis claim at least a brief mention. After the battle of Wilson's Creek it became apparent that the government provision for hospitals was entirely inadequate to the emergency. A voluntary organization, called the Western Sanitary Commission, was formed, consisting of James E. Yeatman (now of the Merchant's National Bank), Rev. Wm. G. Eliot, D. D., (now Chancellor of Washington University), George Partridge, (recently Vice President of Trustees of State Blind Asylum), Carlos S. Greeley and John B. Johnson. Their purpose was to receive and distrib- ute hospital supplies furnished by the people, and in every practicable way aid and co-operate with the military authorities in the care of the sick and wounded. The first woman regularly mustered into the United States service as a hospital nurse, in Missouri, was Mrs. F. R. H. Reid, M. D., from Wisconsin, (now resides at Des Moines, Iowa). She was the woman coadjutor of U. S. Surgeon, Dr. Mills, in opening and starting the first large volunteer hospital, which was known as the Chestnut street hospital; and afterward she took the same part in the Fourth street hos- pital; and also with Dr. Melchior in the Marine hospital; also in a tem- porary post hospital at Su phur Springs.
To give an idea of the largeness of the hospital work, we quote from a circular printed at St. Louis, Nov. 22, 1861,* which says: "There are ten military hospitals in St. Louis alone, with a maximum capacity for 3,500 patients. The number of patients varies every day, but on Wednes- day, November 20th, they reported patients under treatment as follows:
House of Refuge hospital, [Sisters of Charity nurses] 475
Fifth and Chestnut streets hospital,. 464
Good Samaritan hospital, [for measles,] 173 Fourth street hospital,. 328 Jefferson barracks hospital 72
Arsenal hospital,. 16
Camp Benton hospital, . 106
Pacific hospital, [depot for the hospital cars]. 30
Duncan's Island hospital, [for small-pox: cases all convalescent,] 4
Convalescent barracks, [known as Camp Benton,] 800
Total,
. 2,468
"(This does not include the company, regiment and brigade hospitals, of which there are several.) The average mortality has been about four per cent. A hospital car, properly fitted up and manned, passes daily over the railroad to the interior, to bring in the sick and wounded. The arrangements for decent burial, registration of deaths, identification, etc.,
*Prepared and published by H. A. Reid, Associate Member for Wisconsin of the U. S. Sanitary Commission.
64
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI.
are very complete. The body of any soldier who may die in any of the hospitals may be identified, and removed for other obsequies or burial by relatives or friends. There are no hospital chaplains; but nurses are in- structed by the sanitary commission, that every patient who asks for it, will be visited by a clergyman of his own choice, at any hour."
There were hospitals also at Jefferson City, Rolla and Ironton at this time. This circular contained a classified list, prepared by Mrs. Reid, of over a hundred different articles needed for the care, comfort and welfare of the soldiers in hospital, beyond what the general government could furnish; the whole document was reprinted by state authority at Madison, Wisconsin, and widely circulated. In a letter dated St. Louis, Jan. 14, 1862, Mr. Yeatman said: "Wisconsin has contributed most largely to- wards supplying comforts for the sick in camps and hospitals in this department, second to but one other state-Massachusetts. "
There was a prison hospital for sick Confederate prisoners, to whom supplies were furnished from the stores of the sanitary commission, the same as to the Union soldiers; and wounded Confederates were cared for in the general hospitals the same as those of the Federal troops. The writer hereof was an eye-witness to this fact; and is glad to record it as a testimony of the true Christian spirit of the sanitary commission and the magnanimity of the Federal authorities.
THE WARTIME STATE GOVERNMENT.
The civil authority of the state remained vested in the state conven- tion from July, 1861, until July, 1863 .. This provisional body held the following sessions:
1861-Jefferson City, February 28 to March 4. St. Louis, March 6 to March 22.
Jefferson City, July 22 to July 31.
St. Louis, October 10 to October 18.
1862-Jefferson City, June 2 to June 14.
1863-Jefferson City, June 15 to July 1, when it adjourned sine die.
The course of affairs had now become so far settled and pacified that civil proceedings were again possible, and the regular fall elections were held this year, 1863. On the 13th of February, 1864, the general assem- bly convened, and passed an act to authorize the election of sixty-six members to a state convention, "to consider such amendments to the con- stitution of the state as might by it be deemed necessary for the emanci- pation of slaves ;* to preserve in purity the elective franchise to loyal citizens, and for the promotion of the public good."
This convention met in St. Louis, January 6, 1865; and on the 11th of
* President Lincoln's emancipation proclamation, January 1, 1863, only applied to slav ... within such states or parts of states as were then controlled by the Confederate power.
65
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI.
the same month it passed, by a vote of sixty ayes to four noes, an ordi- nance emancipating all slaves within the state, and providing that it should take effect immediately. The convention also framed a new con- stitution, in many respects quite different from the old one. The final vote in convention on the new instrument stood thirty-eight for, to thirteen against it. . The convention adjourned April 10, sine die. In June the people voted on the new constitution, and the vote stood 43,670 for, to 41,808 against it.
The following are some of the most notable new features embodied in the organic law of the state, and will readily explain why there was such. a large vote against its adoption: It established an oath of loyalty to the United States; and those who would not take the oath it excluded from the right to vote or hold any civil office whatever, or act as a teacher in. any public school, or to solemnize marriage as a clergyman, or to practice law in any of the courts. ; It limited the amount of land which any church or religious society might hold to five acres of land in the country, or one acre in town or city; provided for taxing church property; and declared void any will bequeathing property to any clergyman, religious teacher or religious society as such. There was a section designed to prevent the state from giving public property, lands or bonds, to railroad compa- nies. It provided that after January 1, 1876, no one could become a law- ful voter who was not sufficiently educated to be able to read and write.
July 1, 1865, the governor, Thomas C. Fletcher, made proclamation that the new constitution had been duly ratified by a lawful majority of the people, and was thenceforth the organic law of the state. A few amendments have been since adopted; but in all important points it remains the same to this day.
5
66
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI ..
PART II .- PHYSICAL AND INDUSTRIAL.
GEOLOGY AND MINERALS.
The geological history of Missouri commences at the very bottom of the scale, or, in what may be termed the fire-crust period of geologic time. (See chart on page 67). Dana's " Manual of Geology " is the great standard work all over the United States on this subject. In his chapter on Archæan Time he gives a map and brief sketch.of our North American continent as it existed at that remote period, which was, according to a calculation made for the Royal Society of London in 1879,* about 600,000,000 years ago. And as this is where Missouri first comes to light, we quote Prof. Dana's account of the very meagre areas and points of our continent which stood alone above the primeval ocean that then enveloped the entire globe with its bubbling, seething, sputtering wavelets-an enormous caldron of boiling, steaming silicious lye, rather than water. Dana says:
" 'The principal of the areas is The Great Northern, nucleal to the con- tinent, lying mostly in British America, and having the shape of the letter V, one arm reaching northeastward to Labrador, and the other north- westward from Lake Superior to the Arctic. The region appears to have been for the most part out of water ever since the Archæan era.t To this area properly belong the Adirondack area, covering the larger part of northern New York, and a Michigan area south of Lake Supe- rior, each of which was probably an island in the continental sea before the Silurian age began.
" Beside this nucleal area, there are border-mountain lines of Archæan rocks: a long Appalachian line, including the Highland Ridge of Dutch- ess county, New York, and New Jersey, and the Blue Ridge of Penn- sylvania and Virginia; a long Rocky Mountain series, embracing the Wind River mountains, the Laramie range and other summit ridges of the Rocky Mountains. In addition, in the eastern border region, there is an Atlantic coast range, consisting of areas in New Foundland, Nova Scotia and eastern New England. In the western border region, a Pacific coast range in Mexico; and several more or less isolated areas in the Mississippi basin, west of the Mississippi, as in MISSOURI, Arkansas, Texas, and the Black Hills of Dakota."-Dana's Manual, p. 150.
*See Popular Science Monthly, May, 1879, p. 137.
¡The "Archæan era," as used by Prof. Dana, in 1874, (the date of his latest revision) included both the "Azoic Age," and "Age of Zooliths," as shown on the chart, p. 67. When Prof. Dana wrote, it was still an open question whether the "cozoon" was of animal or mineral origin; but the highest authorities are now agreed that it was animal; and Prof. Reid has, therefore, very properly given it a distinct place in his " Zoic Calendar."
67
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI.
GEOLOGICAL CHART;
Including the Rock Scale of Geological Periods and the "Zoic Calendar of Creation." Compiled from the works of Agassiz, Lyell, Huxley, Hæckel, Dans, LeConte, and other first rank authorities in Science at the present time. By HIRAM A. REID, Secretary State Academy of Sciences at Des Moines, Iowa. [Published by permission of the Author.]
EXPLANATION .- The side line at the left shows what portions of geologicai time are comprehended in the terms "eozoic," " paleo- zoic," etc. The first colnmn shows the periode or "Ages" of geological time during which the different successive types of ani- mai life predominated, or were the highest types then in existence. And these two divisions form the "Zoic Calendar of Creation."
The second column shows. the great gencral gronpings of rock strata, in which are found the fossii remains of the corresponding ani- mal types named in the first col- umn. Bnt, at the "Age of Rep: tilcs" occurs a grand divergement, for it was during this age that an- imal life pushed out into its most wonderful developments; and there came into existence strange and marvelons forms of swimming reptiles. four-footed and two-foot- ed walking reptiles, and two-foot- ed and four-footed flying reptiles. Here also the true birds began to appear. thongh with reptilian pe- collarities; and likewise the mar- supiai animale, which are a tran- sitlonal type, between reptiles that produce their yonng by laying eggs and the true mammals. that bring forth their young weil ma- tured and then suckie them.
The third column shows the les. ser groupings of rock beds as clas- sitled by our American geologists; but many minor subdivisions and iocai groups are omitted for want of space. At the top of this col- nmn are shown the geological pe- rlods of first appearance of races of man, so far as now authentica- ted by competent scientific au- thorities .*
The fourth column shows the number of feet in thickness of the different groups of rock layers 88 Indicated by the braces.
This Chart is the most compre- hensive and thorough in its de- tails, and yet the most systemati- cally and graphically presented to the eyc, of anything in its ilne that has ever yet been published. Here is the whole story of geol- ogy and the ascent of life con- densed futo the space of a few inches. yet so plainly set forth as to readily fix Itself in the memory like an ontline map. Scientific terms in newspapers and maga- zines often catch the reader at a disadvantage; but a reference to this chart will at once show the relative place or period in cres- tional progress to which the best authorized geological terms apply. It reaches, like a Jacob's ladder, from the lowest inklings to the highestideais of life on the earth, as taught 'by modern science and the Christian Bible.
THIS CALENDAR IS TO BE READ FROM THE BOTTOM UPWARD.
AGE OF ANGELS.
See Psalms 8:5 Luka 20:36 Mark 12:25 1 Cor.15:44 Heb.2:2 to 9 Rev.22:8,9
HISTORIC PERIOD.
Hunter Tribes.
Age of MAN.
Recent.
MYTHIC PERIOD.
Feet in thick ness of the geological gronps of rock form- ations.
Terrace Epoch.
Quaternary.
Champlain Epoch.
500
GLACIAL EPOCH.
Pliocene.
MAMMALS.
TERTIARY.
Miocene.
8,000
· Bipes -- Alares
Birds.
CRETACEOUS.
9,000
AGE OF
Aquates-Quadrupes-
Marsupials.
JURASSIC.
800 to 1.000
TRIASSIC.
.3,000 to 5,000
AGE OF
CARBONIFEROUS
Coal Measures.
6,000 to 14,570
AMPHIBIANS.
Sub-Carboniferous.
Catskill.
Chemang.
Devonian.
Hamilton.
Coraiferous.
AGE
Upper Silurian.
Sslina.
Niagara.
Trenton.
IN VERTEBRATES
Lower Silurian.
Canadian.
.12,000to 15,000
AGE OF ZOOLITHS "This Age alone was probably longer in dara- ilon than all subsequent geological time."-Pror. LECONTE.
Huronlan.
10,000to 20,000
Eozoon Rocks.
Laurentian.
30,000
Primordial Vegetation
Graphite Beds.
Metamorphic Granites.
Unstrati- fed.
AZOIC AGE.
Igneous/
350,000,000 years In cooling down to 200° F. at the sur- j. Depth face [PROF. HELMHOLTZ], & temperature at which very low forms of vegetation can [ exist. -
un known.
Copyright 1879 :: H. A.Reid
Rocks.
FIRE CRUST.
"The Miocene man of La Beauce already know the ase of fre, sad worked flint." - Ib. p. 243. See also,' Prof. "The existence of Plocene man In Tuscany Is, then, in my opinion, an acquired scientifico fact." -- See Appletons' International Scientific Series, Vol. XXVII, p. 151.
Winchell's "Pre-Adamites," pp. 426-7-8. "The human race In America Is shown to ba at least of as ancient a date as that of the European Process."-Prof. J. D. Whitney. Similar views are held by Profs. Leidy, Marsh, Cope, Morse, Wyman, and other scientists of highest repute.
.. No Life -~~ EOZOLO TIME ~~~~ PALEOZOIC TIME .-- MESOZOIC TIME .~~ CENOZOICTIME ~~ PSYCHOZOIO TIME .... OF
Spiritual Man of
Megalithichand the BIBLE.
Rade Agricul- ture.
Bfoandbuilders.)
Cave Man.
Paleolithic Man.
REPTILES.
PERMIAN.
. AGE OF FISHES:
9,050 to 14,400
Orisksny
Helderberg.
6,000 to 10,000
Cambrian.
Eocene.
AGE OF
·
68
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI.
Thus, then, with the very first emergence of dry land out of the heav- ily saturated and steaming mineral waters of the primeval ocean, we have Pilot Knob, Shepherd Mountain, and a few smaller peaks in their vicin- ity, forming an island in the vast expanse. The next nearest island was a similar one at the Black Hills, in Dakota. There is no reason as yet known for believing that any form of life, either animal or vegetable, had yet appeared in our Missouri region. The ocean water was still too hot, and still too powerfully surcharged with mineral salts, alkalis and acids to admit of any living tissues being formed; and the atmosphere was in like manner thickly loaded with deadliest acids in the form of vapors, which would partially condense as they arose, and fall upon the iron- headed islands to form a mineral crust, and then be broken and washed back into the sea. But this process being kept up and incessantly repeated for millions of years (see Prof. Helmholtz's estimate at bottom of the chart), both sea and air became gradually purified of its excess of minerals and acids; and the water sufficiently cooled to admit of living tissues being formed; and meanwhile the condensing and crust-forming elements precipitated from the vapor-laden air or deposited directly from the bulk waters of the shoreless sea, were busily forming the solid earth. The different incrustations would each be a little different in their com- ponent elements; and then being broken up and mixed together and recombined, partly in the form of rough fragments, partly in the form of dust or sand ground into this state by mechanical attrition, partly in the form of fluidized or vaporized solutions, and partly in the form of molten masses produced directly by the earth's internal fires, the process of com- bining and recombining, with continual variation in the proportions, went on through the long, dreary, sunless and lifeless Azoic Age.
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