USA > Missouri > Cedar County > History of Hickory, Polk, Cedar, Dade, and Barton counties, Missouri > Part 1
USA > Missouri > Dade County > History of Hickory, Polk, Cedar, Dade, and Barton counties, Missouri > Part 1
USA > Missouri > Barton County > History of Hickory, Polk, Cedar, Dade, and Barton counties, Missouri > Part 1
USA > Missouri > Hickory County > History of Hickory, Polk, Cedar, Dade, and Barton counties, Missouri > Part 1
USA > Missouri > Polk County > History of Hickory, Polk, Cedar, Dade, and Barton counties, Missouri > Part 1
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ISTORY
MISSOURI 3
ILLUSTRATED
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M.
GENEALOGY COLLECTION
ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY 3 1833 01053 4482
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HISTORY
OF
HICKORY, POLK, CEDAR, DADE AND BARTON COUNTIES,
MISSOURI.
FORT WAYNE -
FROM THE EARLIEST TIME TO THE PRESENT, INCLUDING A DEPARTMENT DEVOTED TO THE PRESERVATION OF SUNDRY PERSONAL, BUSINESS, PROFESSIONAL, AND PRIVATE RECORDS; BESIDES A VALUABLE FUND OF NOTES, ORIGINAL OBSER- VATIONS, ETC., ETC.
ILLUSTRATED.
CHICAGO: THE GOODSPEED PUBLISHING CO. 1889.
HORACE O'DONOGHUE, PRINTER, 192 SOUTH JEFFERSON STREET, CHICAGO. W. B. CONKEY, BINDER.
.
De -50.00
N.M. Sende
1182924 PREFACE.
This volume has been prepared in response to the prevailing and popular demand for the preservation of local history and biography. The method of preparation followed is the most suc- cessful and the most satisfactory yet devised-the most successful in the enormous number of volumes circulated, and the most satis- factory in the general preservation of personal biography and family record conjointly with local history. The number of volumes now being distributed seems fabulous. Careful esti- mates place the number circulated in Ohio at 50,000 volumes; Pennsylvania, 60,000; New York, 75,000; Indiana, 40,000; Illi- nois, 40,000; Iowa, 35,000; Missouri, 25,000; Kansas, 20,000; Tennessee, 20,000, and all the other States at the same propor- tionate rate. The entire State of Arkansas has as yet scarcely been touched by the historian, but is now being rapidly written.
The design of the present extensive historical and biographical research is more to gather and preserve in attractive form, while fresh with the evidence of truth, the enormous fund of perishing occurrence, than to abstract from insufficient contemporaneous data remote, doubtful or incorrect conclusions. The true per- spective of the landscape of life can only be seen from the dis- tance that lends enchantment to the view. It is asserted that no person is competent to write a philosophical history of his own time; that, owing to imperfect and conflicting circumstantial evi- dence, that yet conceals, instead of reveals, the truth, he cannot take that correct, unprejudiced, logical, luminous and compre- hensive view of passing events that will enable him to draw accurate and enduring conclusions. The duty, then, of an histo- rian of his own time is to collect, classify and preserve the material for the final historian of the future. The present historian deals in fact; the future historian, in conclusion. The work of the former is statistical; of the latter, philosophical.
To him who has not attempted the collection of historical data, the obstacles to be surmounted are unknown. Doubtful
traditions, conflicting statements, imperfect records, inaccurate public and private correspondence, the bias or untruthfulness of informers, and the general obscurity which, more or less, envelops all passing events, combine to bewilder and mislead. The pub- lishers of this volume, fully aware of their inability to furnish a perfect history, an accomplishment vouchsafed to the imagination only of the dreamer or the theorist, make no pretension of having prepared a work devoid of blemish. They feel assured that all thoughtful people, at present and in future, will recognize and appreciate the importance of their undertaking, and the great public benefit that has been accomplished.
In the preparation of this volume the publishers have met with nothing but courtesy and assistance from the public. The subscription list was much smaller than hoped for and that was expected; and, although the margin of profit was thus cut down to the lowest limit, no curtailment or omission of matter was made from the original extensive design of the work. No sub- ject promised is omitted, and many not promised are given. The publishers call special attention to the great quantity of fact crowded into the volume, and to the excess of matter over their agreement as promised in the prospectus. Special care was em- ployed and great expense incurred to make the volume accurate. In all cases the personal sketches have been submitted by mail, and in most instances have been corrected and approved by the subjects themselves. The publishers disclaim responsibility for the substance of the matter contained in the Biographical Appen- dix, as the material was wholly furnished by the subjects of the sketches. The publishers, as usual, stand ready to correct by errata sheet, which will be sent to all subscribers, the few errors or omissions which may appear in the volume, upon prompt notification of the same to the main office. With many thanks to our friends for the success of our difficult enterprise, we respect- fully tender this fine volume to our patrons.
August, 1889.
THE PUBLISHERS.
CONTENTS.
HISTORY OF MISSOURI.
PAGE.
PAGE.
Attitude of Missouri before the War. 94
Introductory.
II
Article XV. 147
Israelite Church. 160
Amendments to the State Constitution 149
Jackson Resolutions, The. 80
Attorney Generals .. . 165
Judges of Supreme Court. . 165
Auditors of Public Accounts. 165
Boundary II
Boone's Lick Country
Black Hawk War ..
67
Beginning of Civil War. 92
Boonville. II3
Belmont .. I26
Battle of Pea Ridge. 127
Battle of Kirksville .. 130
Battle at Independence. I31
Battles of Lone Jack and Newtonia I32
Battle of Cane Hill. 133
Battles of Springfield, Hartsville and Cape Girardeau.
I33
Battles in Missouri, List of. . 142
Baptist Church. 159
Clay Compromise, The.
65
Constitutional Convention of 1845.
74
Campaign of 1861.
II3
Carthage
115
Capture of Lexington.
123
Campaign of 1862.
127 131
Campaign of 1863.
133
Campaign of 1864.
I37
Centralia Massacre. 140
Churches. .. 159
Christian Church. 159
Congregational Church. 160
Conclusion. 197
Dred Scott Decision, The. 87
Death of Bill Anderson. 141
Drake Constitution, The 143
Divisions in the Republican Party. 147
Dates of Organization of Counties, with Origin of Names, etc. 18
Early Discovery and Explorers. 44
Early Settlements. 47
Early Wars 67
Earthquakes at New Madrid.
58
Enterprise and Advancement.
62
Events Preceding the Civil War.
89
Efforts toward Conciliation. 104
Emancipation Proclamation and XIIIth
Amendment. .
III
Execution of Rebel Prisoners. I32
Election of 1884, The. . 156
Election of 1888, The.
200
Early Courts, The .. I57
Episcopal Church. 160
French and Indian War. 48
Founding of St. Louis, The.
49
From 1785 to 1800. .
55
First General Assembly
66
Fremont in the Field.
125
Friends' Society. 160
Fire at St. Louis, The Great.
79
Geology. I2
Gov. Jackson and the Missouri Legislature .. 97
Gov. Crittenden's Administration. 151
Governors. 163
Hannibal and St. Joseph Railroad Controversy 152 Indian and Other Races. 42
Wealth ..
41
War of the Revolution, The ..
52
War with Great Britain in 1812. 60
Western Department, The.
II7
Wilson's Creek.
I18
Year of the Great Waters 54
Yellow Creek
131
16I
Methodist Episcopal Church, South. 162
Missouri's Delegation in the Confederate Con- gress .. I68
Mound Builders. 43
Organization of Kansas and Nebraska. 82
Operations against Guerrillas. 129
Order No. II.
I34
Officers Previous to State Organization 162
Officers of State Government .. 163
Pontiac, Death of ..
51
Public and Private Schools. 157
Presidential Elections ... 169
Presidential Election of 1888. 200
Proclamation by Gov. Jackson 105
Population of Missouri by Counties. 195
Population of Towns over 4,000 197
Present State Officials.
199
Resources.
Rock Formation .12 and 15
Railroads.
40
Revision of the State Constitution
150
Representatives to Congress
166
Rebel Governors.
169
Soils, Clays, etc.
13
State Organization.
63
State Convention. 64
Seminole War, The .. 68
Secession. 90
Surrender of Camp Jackson. 98
State Convention, The. 109
Springfield. 125
Shelby's Raid 137
Steam Craft. 41
Spanish Rule. 52
State Constitutional Convention .. 143
Secretaries of State. . 164
State Treasurers .. 164
Salaries of State Officers. 18I
United States Senators. I66
Votes by Counties at Presidential Elections from 1836 to 1884 171-181
45
Missouri a Territory. .
Mormons and Mormon War, The. 59
71
Mexican War, The ..
75
Martial Law Declared. 123
Murders at Gun City. 149
Methodist Episcopal Church
Louisiana, District and Territory of. 56
Louisiana Purchased by the United States 55
Lewis and Clark's Expedition
57
Lutheran Church ..
16I
Lieutenant-Governors. I64
Minerals and Mineral Springs Manufacturing. .23-38
Marquette. 39
Compton's Ferry.
La Salle .. 46
4
vi
CONTENTS.
HISTORY OF HICKORY COUNTY.
PAGE.
PAGE.
Physical Features, Resources, etc. 203
Present Interest 246
Geology .
203
Societies. .. 246
Topography
203
Streams
204
Soils
207
Wheatland.
247
Caves
207
247
Minerals ..
208
Incorporation
248
Resources
209
Statistics
213
Newspapers 249
Pioneer History.
214
Indian Occupancy
Cross Timbers.
250
White Settlement.
215
Preston.
250
Turk-Jones Affray
218
Quincy.
251
Weaubleau
251
Customs.
227
County Organization
228
Boundary
228
Postoffices, List of
252
Township Formation.
229
County Seat. 230
Condition.
253
County Buildings.
233
Weaubleau Institute, The
254
Circuit Court Proceedings 234
Notable Cases
234
255
County Court.
237
The Baptists.
255
Early Meetings 237
Methodist Churches.
256
Probate Court 239
Antioch Christian Church
256
Hickory County Bar.
239
County Officials.
239
Present Condition. 256
The Civil War 241
241
Organizations.
242
Review.
County Bridge. 257
Towns and Villages 245
Finance. 257
Hermitage
245
Railroads. 257
Beginning
245
Elections of 1884 and 1888. 258
HISTORY OF POLK COUNTY.
Geology, Topography, etc. 259
Boundary .. 259
Natural Features, Streams, etc. 260
Seat of Justice 300
Caves 262
Geology
263
County Finances 301
Soils . 264
Receipts, Expenditures, etc. 301
Railroad Bonds .. 303
Springs.
266
Timber 267
County Poor Farm, The .. 306
Climate. 267
Polk County Medical Society, The. 306 Agricultural Societies and Fairs. 308
Adaptability to Grazing.
268
Polk County Agricultural and Mechani- cal Society . 308
County Officials 309
Elections
309
Agriculture, Manufactures, etc 270
County's Civil List. 310
Population. 271
Officials, etc 310
Early Settlement. 272
War History.
Mexican War, The .. 313
313
Reminiscences 272
Kansas Difficulties, The.
313
Some " First Things "
274
Bolivar thirty years ago. 276
Fifteenth Regiment U. S. Reserve Corps 315 Eighth Cavalry, The .. 316
314
Early Settlers .. 276
Public Lands and Land Entries. 279
Twenty-sixth Enrolled Missouri Militia. . 316
Fifteenth Missouri Cavalry
317
Creation and Original Boundaries.
286
Present Boundaries. .
286
Municipal Townships.
287
Orders from Court Relative to Township Lines.
287
Judiciary History 294
County Courts, Proceedings of. 294
Probate Court
295
The Press 323
Board of Trade. 324
Roll of Attorneys. 296
Societies. . 324
Mayors of City. 326
Sketches of Leading Lawyers. 299
Location, Incorporation, etc. 320
Past and Present 321
Financial 322
The Creamery. 322
Circuit Court 296
286
Confederate Organizations 318
Guerrilla Warfare. 319
Towns and Villages 320
Bolivar 320
County and Township Organization 279
Entries by Townships. .
Criminal Cases. 299
General County Interests. 300
Public Buildings. 300
Minerals 266
Other Railroad History. 305
Productions 267
Pottery Clay 268
Resources and Statistics 268
Property Valuation and Taxation 269
Union Church 256
General County Topics. 257
General View.
The Wheel. 257
Hickory County Medical Society 257
244
School Population by Districts 253
The Courts. ... 234
214
Land Entries by Townships
221
Pittsburg .. 252
Elkton. .. 252
Education 253
Ecclesiastical 255
Early Religious Movements.
Present Business. 248
Fraternities. 249
Historical.
Bank. 247
Newspapers 247
Original Occupancy . 272
War of 1861-65.
vii
CONTENTS.
PAGE.
Southwest Baptist College, The. 326
Aldrich 336
Humansville. ..
Sharon
337
Newspapers
329
1 Municipal
329
Dunnegan Springs. 337
Farmers' and Merchants' Bank.
329
Fraternities
330
Morrisville. 330
Historical. . 330
Morrisville Neaus
331
Morrisville College 331
Sentinel Prairie
3.38
Secret Societies. 332
Orleans .. 338
Shady Grove 338
Description 333
Schools .. 339
Ewart & Train Charcoal Company 333
The Earliest Schools. 339
The Flag. 333
Public School System 339
Fire ..
333
Organization of School Townships 340
Lodges .. 334
School-houses 341
Old and New Town .. 334
Statistical
341
Pleasant Hope ... 334
Mercantile and Industrial History 335
First Meeting. 343
Fraternities 335
Methodist Churches 343
High Schools. 3.36
Normal Academy. 336
Sundry Villages. 336
Half Way
336
HISTORY OF CEDAR COUNTY.
Boundary and Geological Character. 351
Natural Features, Streams, etc. 351
Business Men .. 414
Building Stone, Minerals. 352
Items of History. 414
Soils and Products. 353
Hartley Banking Company 414 Mineral Springs 353
Resources and Statistics 354
El Dorado Springs
416
Receipts and Expenditures 354
The Springs 416
Population. 355
356
Incorporation 416
Historical. 417
Early Experiences.
357
Roads and Improvements.
359
General Interests. 418
Societies.
419
West El Dorado. 420
Clintonville 420
Caplinger's Mills (Sacville) . 420
Lebeck
42 1
Virgil City . 421
Fincastle (Arnica) . 421
Paynterville (Bear Creek). 421
421
The County Court.
397 398
Sundry Villages. 422 White Hair 422
Centerville 422
Meadow. 422
General County Interests .. 402
Cane Hill. 422
Filley
422
Pleasant View 422
Court Houses
403
Jails.
405
County Agricultural Society. Poor Farm
406
Removal of County Records 424
Federal Soldiers .. 424
Confederate Soldiers
424
Educational. .
First and Early Schools.
425
Sale of School Lands
425
Stockton. 408
Public Square and Sale of Lots 408
Incorporation .. 409 Banks .. 411
Early Preachers. 428
Churches at Stockton ... 428
Churches at Jerico Springs 429
Location ..
412
History of the Springs' Notoriety 413
Cedar County's Position in the War 422 Livingston and Shelby Raids. 423
County Press, The.
406 407
Stockton and El Dorado Papers
407
Jerico Journals
408
425
Township Organization for School Pur- poses .. 426
Schools of To-day 427
Church Matters.
428
Merchants, Past and Present. 410 Lodges
Jerico Springs.
412
Churches at El Dorado Springs 429
Churches Elsewhere in County
429
Circuit Court
399
Cedar County Bar Attorneys of Official Prominence.
401
County Officers and Term of Service
402
Public Buildings. 403
360
Pioneer Professional Citizens. 360 Land Entries by Townships. 360
Organization of County and Townships 390
County Boundaries .. 391
Municipal Township Boundaries.
391
Court Affairs ... 397
Balm (Cedar Springs) .
Town Platted 416
Attempted Bonding Other Bonds and Finances
357
Settlement and Early Affairs 357
Population and Business 417 Cruce Banking Company 418
Wild Animals, Fowl and Fish. Indians. . 360 360
Town Site - Additions - Incorporation 413
PAGE.
Historical .. 329
329
Polktown. 337
Rondo. 337
Graydon. 337
Wishart 337
Brighton 337
Goodnight. 337
Slagle
3.38
Fair Play. 333
Church History. 343
Baptist Churches. . 345 Christian Churches 347
Presbyterian Churches
348
Railroad Surveys and Prospects 408 Towns and Villages 408
Military History. 422
" First Happenings"
Fraternities. 415
viii
CONTENTS.
HISTORY OF DADE COUNTY.
PAGE.
PAGE.
General Description, Topography, etc 431
Present Interest.
468
Location, Boundary, etc ...
431
Societies.
469
Physical and Natural Features.
431
The Press. 470
Streams
43I
South Greenfield. 470
Prairies.
Historical.
470
Soil
Societies.
470
Timber
Other Interests
Climate.
434
471
Wild Animals and Fowl ..
Growth and Development.
471
General Resources and Statistics.
Newspaper
472
Mineral Resources.
Fraternities.
472
Manufacturing.
436
Everton
473
Agriculture, Stock Raising and Horti- culture. .
437
Societies.
473
Statistics 438
Dadeville.
474
Population. .
439
Other Villages
475
Taxable Wealth and Taxation
439
475
Settlement. .
440
475
Indian Occupancy
440
475
Old Fortification.
440
King's Point.
475
Early White Settlers .
441
475
Land Entries by Townships.
443
Organization of the County.
445
Formative Act.
445
475
Official Appointments
446
County Boundary ..
447 447
Pemberton.
475
Present Townships.
449
Public Sentiment.
476
County Court.
450
Troops
Formation and Proceedings
451
Educational
480
Circuit Court.
453
Early Education.
480
Dade County Bar.
454
. Permanent School Fund.
480
Criminal Record. 454
Statistics
481
Public Buildings 456
Financial
482
Court House.
456
Jail ..
457 457
Religious Matters 483
County Official List.
457
Elections
460
Presbyterian Churches .. 485
Railroad Matters. 461
Railroad Subscriptions and Bonds. 461
Baptist Churches. 486
Refunding Bonds. 464
Methodist Episcopal Church . 490
Railroads. 466
Methodist Episcopal Church, South 492
Municipalities
466
Christian Churches. 492
Greenfield
466
German Lutheran Church 494
Origin.
467
United Brethren Church
494
Development.
467
HISTORY OF BARTON COUNTY.
Topographical and Geological. 495
Statutory Affairs. 511
Location and Boundaries.
495
Ozark Divide and Drainage.
495
Geology
496
Attorneys of Note
512
Coal Interests and Building Stone. 497
Roll of Lawyers 512
Probate Court 515
County Interests. . 516
Resources and Statistics.
500
Court House, Jail and County Offices 516
Assessments of 1880 and 1888
500
Poor Farm 517
Common School Fund.
501
County Civil List 517
Court House Fund ..
501
Seat of Justice .. 519
Expenditure of a Year.
502
Population and Valuation
503
Settlement. ..
503
Railroads. 522
Early Settlers
503
Towns and Villages 522
504
Lamar .. 522
Location. 522
Swamp and School Lands, etc. 506
Town Plat and Additions 523
County and Township Organizations 508
Incorporation . 523
County Organized and Bounded 508
Corporate Limits. 524
Organization of Townships. 508
Wards .. .
524
County's Promoter and Name
Ante-Bellum Days. 524
475 475
Turnback
Watkins ..
Corry.
475 475
Municipal Townships
Military Affairs.
476
Judicial and Official History
450
Effects of the Strife
476 479
Probate Court.
452
Institute. 482 482
Ozark College.
County Poor.
Cumberland Presbyterian Churches. 483
County Court .. 5II
Circuit Court
Farming, Fruit Culture and Stock Raising 498 Timber and Climate ..
499
Agricultural and Mechanical Society. 519
Barton Medical Society .. 521
Pioneer History.
Land Entries. 504
432
433
433
Lockwood 471
434
435
435
Origin and Advancement.
473
Emmet
Arcola ..
Cedarville
Pilgrim.
Seybert.
Sylvania.
Reformed Presbyterian Church. 486
ix
CONTENTS.
PAGE.
PAGE.
The Present
525
Verdella
544
Banks.
526
Sundry Villages
544
Fraternities.
526
Berry Hill.
544
The Press.
Nashville
544
Improvements
531
Irwin.
544
Golden City
531
Beloit
544
Surveys and Additions. 531
531
Kenoma
545
Original Town Site and Change of Base
532
Growth and Development. 533
Esrom.
545
Newspapers
533
Dublin
545
Sundry Interests.
533
Lodges.
534
Old Residents.
536
War History.
545
Liberal 536
Location and History
536
Its Founding .
$36
Mental and Moral Culture.
537
Incorporation
538
Additions
539
Business.
539
Lodge.
540
Local Press
540
Iantha ...
540
Incorporation
540
Business
540
Churches
575
G. A. R. Post
541
Milford .
541
Denison, History of.
541
Different Organizations.
575
Minden Mines ..
542
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX.
Hickory County 579
Polk County ...
617
Cedar County.
718
Dade County .
792
Barton County.
849
ILLUSTRATIONS.
An Early Habitation. Between pages 216 and 217
Hunting Pheasants. Between pages 360 and 361
A Rural Scene.
Between pages 504 and 505
A Pioneer Hunter Between pages 680 and 681
By the Brookside.
Between pages 856 and 857
545
First Military Organization ..
546
Notes and Incidents
546
After the War.
549
Record of Enlistments, Service and Dis- charges.
549
'Well-known County Confederates. Schools ..
572
First Schools.
572
General Progress
573
Statistical
574
Early Church History.
575 Christian Harmony and Extension 575
545
Ellsworth
545
Bushnell.
545
Troubles Before the War.
572
LeRoy
Newport. 544
Incorporations
530
HISTORY OF MISSOURI,
INTRODUCTORY.
M ISSOURI, the eighth State of the Union in size, the seventh in wealth, and the fifth in population and politi- cal power, lies in the very heart of the Mississippi Valley. Extend- ing from the thirty-sixth nearly to the forty-first degree of north latitude, it has considerable diversity both of soil and climate.
Its eastern limit is marked from north to south by the great " Father of Waters," and the Missouri washes its western bound- ary, from the northwest corner southward about 250 miles to the mouth of the Kansas, and thence flows south of east through the heart of the State, and joins its muddy torrent with the waters of the Mississippi.
These two mighty rivers have many tributaries which are, to a greater or less extent, navigable for steamboats, keelboats and barges.
The extreme length of the State is 328 miles; the extreme breadth, in the southern part, is 280 miles; and the average breadth 250 miles. Missouri has an area of 65,350 square miles, or 41,824,000 acres. It has 18,350 more square miles than the State of New York, is nearly nine times the size of Massachusetts, and exceeds in extent all of the New England States combined.
There is no State in the Union which surpasses Missouri in respect to geographical situation and natural resources. Other
NOTK .- In the compilation of the State History the authors consulted, among others, the following authorities: "State Geological Reports;" "Charlevoix's Journal of a Voyage to North America in 1721;" Stoddard's "Historical Sketches of Louisiana;" Schoolcraft's " Narrative Jour- nal," Breckenridge; Pike's "Expedition;" Switzler's " History of Missouri;" Bradbury's "Trav- els;" " Liliman's Journal;" " American Cyclopedia;" Beck's " Gazetteer of Indiana and Missouri," 1823; Wetmore's " Gazetteer of Missouri." 1837; Shebard's "Early History of St. Louis and Mis- souri;" Parker's "Missouri As It Is in 1867;" Davis & Durrie's " History of Missouri," 1876.
12
HISTORY OF MISSOURI.
regions may boast of delightful climate, rich and productive soil, abundant timber, or inexhaustible mineral deposits, but Mis- souri has all of these. She has more and better iron than England and quite as much coal, while her lead deposits are rivaled by that of no other country of equal area upon the globe.
The population of the State, according to the census of 1880, was 2,168,380, showing an increase of 25.9 per cent within the preceding decade.
GEOLOGY.
The stratified rocks of Missouri may be classified as follows, enumerating them from the surface downward:
I. Quaternary or Post Tertiary .- Alluvium, 30 feet thick. Soils-Pebbles and sand, clays, vegetable mold or humus, bog iron ore, calcareous tufa, stalactites and stalagmites, marls; bot- tom prairie, 35 feet thick; bluff, 200 feet thick; drift, 155 feet thick.
II. Tertiary .- Clays, shales, iron ores, sandstone, fine and coarse sands.
III. Cretaceous .- No. 1, 13 feet, argillaceous variegated sandstone; No. 2, 20 feet, soft bluish brown sandy slate, con- taining quantities of iron pyrites; No. 3, 25 feet, whitish brown impure sandstone, banded with purple and pink; No. 4, 45 feet, slate, like No. 2; No. 5, 45 feet, fine white siliceous clay, inter- stratified with white flint, more or less spotted and banded with pink and purple; No. 6, 10 feet, purple red and blue clays. En- tire thickness, 158 feet.
IV. Carboniferous .- Upper carboniferous or coal measures, sandstone, limestone, shales, clays, marls, spathic iron ores, coals. Lower carboniferous or mountain limestone, upper Archimedes limestone, 200 feet; ferruginous sandstone, 195 feet; middle Ar- chimedes limestone, 50 feet; St. Louis limestone, 250 feet; oolitic limestone, 25 feet; lower Archimedes limestone, 350 feet ; encrinital limestone, 500 feet.
V. Devonian .- Chemung group: Chouteau limestone, 85 feet; vermicular sandstone, 75 feet; lithographic limestone, 12.5 feet. Hamilton group: Blue shales, 40 feet; semi-crystalline limestone, 107 feet; Onondaga limestone, Oriskany sandstone.
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HISTORY OF MISSOURI.
VI. Silurian .- Upper silurian: Lower Helderberg, 350 feet; Niagara group, 200 feet; Cape Girardeau limestone, 60 feet. Lower silurian: Hudson River group, 220 feet; Trenton limestone, 350 feet; Black River and Birdseye limestone, 75 feet; first magnesian limestone, 200 feet; saccharoidal sandstone, 125 feet; second magnesian limestone, 230 feet; second sand- stone, 115 feet; third magnesian limestone, 350 feet; third sand- stone, 60 feet; fourth magnesian limestone, 300 feet.
VII. Azoic Rocks.
The Quaternary rocks, the most recent of all the formations, contain the entire geological record of all the cycles from the end of the Tertiary period to the present time; and their economical value is also greater than that of all the other formations com- bined. This system comprises the drift and all the deposits above it. There are, within the system, four distinct and strongly defined formations in the State, namely: Alluvium, bottom prairie, bluff and drift.
SOILS.
Soils are a compound of pulverized and decomposed mineral substances, mingled with decayed vegetable and animal re- mains, and containing all the ingredients necessary to the sus- tenance of the vegetable kingdom. The soils of Missouri have been produced by the mixing of organic matter with the pulver- ized marls, clays and sands of the Quaternary deposits which are found in great abundance in nearly all parts of the State, and are of material best designed for their rapid formation. For this cause the soils of the State are marvelously deep and pro- ductive, except in a few localities where the materials of the Qua- ternary strata are very coarse, or entirely wanting.
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