Encyclopedia of the history of Missouri, a compendium of history and biography for ready reference, Vol. II, Part 16

Author: Conard, Howard Louis, ed. 1n
Publication date: 1901
Publisher: New York, Louisville [etc.] The Southern history company, Haldeman, Conard & co., proprietors
Number of Pages: 800

USA > Missouri > Encyclopedia of the history of Missouri, a compendium of history and biography for ready reference, Vol. II > Part 16

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PROF. AUGUSTUS L. GRAEBNER.

Conde, Andrew Auguste, pioneer physician, was born in the Province of Aunis, France, and died in St. Louis in 1776. He was educated and fitted for the practice of his profession in his native land, and then en- tered the French colonial service as a military surgeon. Coming by way of Canada to the Illinois country, he was stationed at Fort Chartres as post surgeon when that fort was surrendered to the English in 1765. He came to St. Louis immediately afterward with St. Ange, and in 1766 received a concession of two village lots fronting on Second Street. On this ground he built a primitive home- stead, in which he continued to reside up to the time of his death. He was a man of fine education, and practiced his profession dur- ing the years of his residence there. He was the first physician to begin practice in the new colony, and hence the father of the medical profession in St. Louis. His practice ex- tended to the French settlements on the op- posite side of the river, and at his death an inventory of his estate gave the names of 233 persons indebted to him for professional services, the list being so large as to consti-

tute an almost complete directory of the in- habitants of this region. He had two daugh- ters, both of whom survived him, and both of whom reared large families of children. He has, therefore, numerous representatives in the older French families of St. Louis, al- though none of his descendants bear his name.

"Conditional Union Men."-This term, which grew up in 1861 during the dis- cussions preceding the election of delegates to the State Convention of February of that year, described all who, while being uncon- ditionally opposed to secession and disunion, were also opposed to coercion, or the armed opposition of the Federal government to se- cession. If the Southern States would with- draw from the Union, they would let them go, but Missouri ought not to go with them. This was the view of a large majority of the people of the State, and among its conspicu- ous advocates were Hamilton R. Gamble, of St. Louis ; James S. Rollins, of Boone ; Col- onel A. W. Doniphan, of Clay; John S. Phelps, of Greene; Sterling Price, of Chari- ton ; Uriel Wright, of St. Louis ; Judge Wil- liam A. Hall, of Randolph, and Judge John F. Ryland, of Lafayette. The name did not sur- vive Camp Jackson. After that sharp event most of the Conditional Unionists became unconditional supporters of the Federal gov- ernment, while a few, among them Sterling Price and Uriel Wright, cast their fortunes with the Confederate cause.

Confederate Cemetery .- In 1869 the Confederate Burial Association of Mis- souri was formed, and committees were appointed to secure means for the removal of the remains of Confederate soldiers in and about Springfield to a permanent cemetery. Many ex-Federals and their families gave active assistance. About $3,000 was secured, and three and one-half acres of ground were acquired, adjoining the National Cemetery, three miles southeast of Springfield. The bodies of 501 ex-Confederate soldiers were interred at the beginning, brought in almost equal numbers from the battle grounds of Springfield and Wilson's Creek. Few of the bodies were identified, and the majority were marked "unknown." June 12th (the Con- federate Decoration Day) the grounds were dedicated with appropriate ceremonies, in

CONFEDERATE FLAG, FIRST IN MISSOURI.

presence of a large concourse of people from various portions of the State, when an ora- tion was delivered by Colonel Celsus Price, of St. Louis, son of General Sterling Price. As the only distinctive Confederate cemetery in the State, in 1882 it was adopted by the ex-Confederate Association of Missouri as the special object of their care, and that body contributed $6,000 for the erection of the massive stone wall surrounding the grounds. In 1898 the Daughters of the Confederacy began the creation of a fund for the erection of a monument upon the grounds. This monument was erected under the auspices of the United Confederate Veterans' Associa- tion of Missouri in 1900. It is the work of Chevalier Trentanove, of Washington, D. C., and shows the figure of a Confederate soldier with folded arms, bareheaded and his hair brushed back from his forehead. He is dressed in the uniform of a Confederate private, with his pants tucked in his boots. The figure, which is of heroic size, stands on a pedestal of Vermont granite twenty feet in height, one of the panels bearing a bas-relief portrait of General Sterling Price and the words: "To the Memory of the Confederate Dead." The cost was $12,000.

Confederate Flag, First in Mis- souri. - It is stated on good authority that at Sarcoxie, in Jasper County, the home of James Rains, who became a brigadier general in the Confederate service, was floated the first Confederate flag in Missouri. It was known to be in existence prior to the com- mencement of hostilities, but was not pub- licly displayed until the fall of Fort Sumter, in April, 1861. It was twenty-seven feet long, and was hoisted upon a hundred-foot flag- staff, which was cut down by Colonel Sigel's troops when they entered the place, in July of that year, on their way to Neosho. It is further stated that a schoolhouse in the vicin- ity was fired by a Federal soldier, in revenge for a "tarring and feathering" received by him as an abolitionist, when he was a teacher there months before.

Confederate Home of Missouri .- A State institution, designed as a home for honorable Confederate soldiers residing within the bounds of the State, who, from wounds or disease or infirmity of age, are no longer able to support themselves. In some cases the wife of a veteran is also admitted.

It is located on the line of the Jefferson City, Boonville & Lexington Railway, two miles northwest of Higginsville. The grounds comprise 362 acres, and are utilized in large part for farm purposes, and for garden and dairy products, hogs and chickens. The buildings include the home proper, of brick, two stories, with full basement, sup- plied with hot and cold water, and lighted with gas, with a library of 4,000 volumes; a two-story frame hospital, with steam and gas; a two-story frame building for the superin- tendent and his family ; a chapel, for religious meetings; thirteen three-room and one two- room cottages, for veterans and their wives, and two frame houses, with necessary barns. Upon the grounds is a cemetery of nearly three acres, title to which is in the Confed- ate Association of Missouri; the Daughters of the Confederacy provide headstones for graves, and a fund is being secured for the erection of a memorial monument. The man- agement of the home is vested in a board of managers, appointed by the Governor, who appoint a superintendent, a matron, a com- mandant and a surgeon. In 1899 the average number of beneficiaries was 128 males and 22 females. The average male age was sixty- five. The cost of maintenance was $II,- 024.23 for the year. The home was founded in 1891 by the Confederate Association of Missouri, incorporated, which paid $18,000 for the farm and farm buildings. The pres- ent main building was erected in 1892, at a cost of $30,000, principally contributed by the Daughters of the Confederacy of Mis- souri. The hospital building was provided by the Daughters of the Confederacy of Mis- souri. The cottages were provided by in- dividual counties and cities, and each bears the name of a noted Confederate officer from Missouri. In 1897 the property was trans- ferred to the State, which assumed its maintenance for the purposes for which it was founded. From this transference are ex- empted the cemetery grounds, which continue in possession of the Confederate Association of Missouri.

Confederate Raid of 1864 .- The "Price raid" into Missouri, in 1864, was the last effort made to secure the State to the Southern Confederacy, and the signal and disastrous failure it turned out did much to precipitate the final catastrophe to the Con-

CONFEDERATE RAID OF 1864.

federate cause. It was intended to be an organized and formidable invasion, carrying everything before it and ending in the capture of everything south of the Missouri, west of St. Louis, including Jefferson City, and if things went well, the capture of St. Louis itself. To facilitate the movement against St. Louis, the State was entered at the south- east, where the Arkansas line is nearest to that city, with a straight road up through Doniphan and Arcadia Valley, Iron Moun- tain and Hillsboro, to the city. It was a cavalry expedition, intended to be rapid in movements, and thus increase the chances of surprise and capture of places along the route ; and it was made up of three divisions, under Marmaduke, Shelby and Fagan -- Marmaduke's division being composed of Marmaduke's old brigade, commanded by General John B. Clark, Jr., and Freeman's brigade, 3,000 men and four pieces of artil- lery; Shelby's division consisting of Shelby's old brigade, under Colonel David Shanks, and Jackman's brigade, 3,000 men, with four pieces of artillery ; and Fagan's division of Arkansas troops under General Cabell, Gen- eral Dobbins, General Slemmons and Gen- eral McCray, 4,000 men, with four pieces of artillery-altogether 10,000 men, with twelve pieces of artillery, according to Confederate statements, the most formidable Confederate Army ever seen in Missouri. On the 5th of September it started from Pocahontas, Ar- kansas, Marmaduke on the right, Shelby on the left and Fagan, with General Price, in the center. So great was the confidence in the success of the expedition that Thomas C. Reynolds who, four years before, had been chosen Lieutenant Governor of Missouri, and who now claimed to have succeeded to the governorship on the death of Governor C. F. Jackson, accompanied Shelby's division as an aide, expecting to be formally installed in the State capitol building upon the occupa- tion of Jefferson City. No resistance was offered at Doniphan, Patterson, or Freder- icktown, and a small Federal force at Farm- ington was forced to fall back; several bridges on the Iron Mountain Railroad were burned and the road destroyed. On the 27tl1 of October Price appeared before the fort at Pilot Knob, commanded by General Hugh S. Ewing, with 1,200 Federal troops, and, with- out waiting to place his artillery in position on the mountain where it could command the

garrison, attempted to take it by assault. The experiment cost him nearly 1,000 men, and proved an utter failure-and the commander of the garrison, General Ewing, baffled a sec- ond attempt by destroying his magazines and spiking his guns and making his escape at night. He found an open road in the rear which the Confederates had neglected to secure, and, by this, retreated almost without interruption to Leesburg on the railroad be- tween St. Louis and Rolla. This inauspicious beginning attended the expedition to the end. It was now more than three weeks since the invading force entered the State, and it had advanced only a hundred miles. General Rosecrans was in command in St. Louis, and when the first news of the Confederate in- vasion was received, it caused some excite- ment, because all the Federal troops that could be spared had been sent out of the State to support, or co-operate with the de- cisive movements under Grant, Sherman and Thomas in other quarters; but General A. J. Smith's command, which was on its way up the Mississippi to be sent to Georgia, was ordered to proceed to St. Louis; and the slowness of Price's movement was favorable to Rosecrans' preparations, and when, on the 28th of October, the Confederate Army was ready to march from Pilot Knob, an advance on St. Louis was considered unwise, and was abandoned; and while Marmaduke and Shelby made demonstrations at Richwood and Union, forty-five miles from the city, the main body of the Confederate Army turned west and marched toward Jefferson City. From this time the invasion began to assume the character of retreat, for General A. J. Smith followed close upon it, and General Price burned the bridges behind him to im- pede the pursuit. On the 5th of October the Confederate Army crossed the Osage River at Castle Rock, and next day drew up round Jefferson City with all the indications of a purpose to attack it-and it was the belief in the Confederate Army that the attack would be ordered next day. The garrison was in command of General E. B. Brown, whose gallant and successful defense of Springfield against Shelby's attack a year be- fore, was, no doubt, vividly remembered, and reinforcements under General Pleasantón, were on the way from St. Louis. On the 7th, therefore, when, instead of attacking the city, General Price moved west, the Confederates

CONFEDERATE VETERANS-CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH.

themselves recognized that the invasion of Missouri was a failure, and their only ob- ject now was to escape from the State-for General Pleasanton arrived at Jefferson City the day after Price departed, and Mower's cavalry shortly after, and the Confederates were forced to halt and defend their rear against the forces now rapidly following them. As Price moved west, he sent Shelby and Clark to Boonville and Glasgow to take these places, and this was easily effected, Col- onel Harding surrendering Boonville, and Captain Shoemaker surrendering Glasgow. The Confederates moved then to Lexington, and on to Independence; but by this time their condition had grown perilous. Mower and Pleasanton were pressing them in the rear, and Blunt, sent out from Leavenworth, was opposing them in front. At the Little Blue crossing there was severe fighting, and again at the Big Blue, where Captain Todd, a noted bushwhacker, fighting in the Con- federate ranks, was killed; and at Westport Price found himself so severely attacked in front and rear, at the same time, that it seemed as if he could not escape. Lieutenant Colonel Merritt Young, belonging to Mar- maduke's command, was killed, and Captain Frank Davidson was wounded and captured, and the losses in Shelby's command alone, which held the road out of Westport to the south, while the Confederate train passed, were over 800 men. On the 25th, two days after leaving Westport, the Federal forces again attacked in the rear at Marais des Cygnes, and Marmaduke and Cabell, who were there to cover the retreat, were cap- tured, as were also Colonel Jeffers and Col- onel Slemmons. The Confederate Army was now becoming disorganized, and it was only the firmness of Shelby's disciplined command that saved it from destruction. By marching in retreat all that night, without food or sleep, under Shelby's protection thus given, Price's army barely managed to escape, and even then, only for a time. Three days after- ward, on the 28th of October, it was again attacked at Newtonia and again escaped de- struction through the protection afforded by Shelby's trained command. Three days more were spent in painful and difficult marching in retreat, and at last the Confederate Army managed to cross the Arkansas River, where it was safe from further pursuit.

DANIEL M. GRISSOM.

Confederate Veterans,-See "United Confederate Veterans."

Congregational Church .- The first Congregational Church people in Missouri were the Hempstead family, who came from Connecticut. The first to come was Ed- ward Hempstead, a young man of good par- entage, good education and good habits, who made the journey on horseback in the year 1804, a formidable undertaking at that day. On arriving at the important post of Vin- cennes, he found there General William Henry Harrison, Governor of Indiana Ter- ritory, who was about to go to St. Louis to organize a civil government of the newly acquired District of Louisiana, which had been attached to Indiana Territory. At the request of General Harrison, Mr. Hempstead accompanied him, and, at first, located at St. Charles, removing afterward to St. Louis. His education and capacity for affairs, to- gether with his upright character, com- mended him to the people of the Territory, and he was appointed and elected to several places of honor and trust, in succession, serving a term as Territorial delegate in Con- gress in 1812. The year before that, recog- nizing the important future that awaited the new Territory, he brought his father, mother, brothers and sisters to it, and established them at Bellefontaine. They were devout people of the Congregational faith, trained up in strict moral habits, and accustomed to grave and reverent methods of worship, and, as they missed in their new home the regular services they had been trained in, it was nat- ural that they should seek to introduce them into Missouri. In 1814 Rev. Samuel J. Mills, sent out by the Home Missionary Society, of Connecticut, visited Missouri and preached in Stephen Hempstead's house. Three years later, when Rev. Salmon Giddings, from Connecticut, came to Missouri and, in No- vember, 1817, organized the first Presby- terian Church in St. Louis, five of the Hempsteads became members, although they had been, and still were, Congregationalists. There was a cordial mingling of efforts in evangelistic and missionary work between Congregationalists and Presbyterians in that day, and for many years after, and it was only by chance, humanly speaking, that the church organized by Rev. Mr. Giddings was not the first Congregational Church organized in

CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH IN KANSAS CITY.

Missouri. The Congregationalists of New England were more liberal with their means, and more zealous in their efforts to give the gospel to the new settlements in the West, than to affix their name to the new organiza- tions-and thus it came about that many Presbyterian churches in Missouri owe their existence in no small measure to the Con- gregationalists of Connecticut and Massa- chusetts. In 1847 Rev. T. M. Post, of Jacksonville, Illinois, was invited to become pastor of the Third Presbyterian Church in St. Louis, and accepted the call, the engage- ment being for four years. At the end of the time he withdrew, and returned to Jack- sonville, but his eloquence and learning, and much more, his high and gentle spirit and lofty principles had so permeated the congre- gation that they resolved themselves into a Congregational Church and recalled Dr. Post to be their permanent pastor. This was the first Congregational Church in Missouri, though a congregation had been organized at Arcadia some years before, which, after a feeble existence, passed away, through the removal of its members to other places. Dr. Post was pastor of the First Church in the State for thirty-five years, and when he died, in 1886, Congregationalism had become one of the leading forms of Protestantism in St. Louis and Missouri. Its ministers have been eminent for piety, a cheerful and liberal faith, evangelical zeal, and their generous co-oper- ation in the work of popular education. In 1900 there were seventy-six Congregational Churches in the State, having an estimated value of $859,700, and a membership of 9.502. In St. Louis there were 12, in Kansas City 7, in St. Joseph 2, in Sedalia 2, in Springfield 4, in Bevier 2, in New Cambria 2, and one each in Afton, Amity, Anson, Aurora, Billings, Bonne Terre, Breckenridge, Brookfield, Cam- eron, Carthage, Cole Camp, Dawn, De Soto, Eldon, Grandin, Green Ridge, Hamilton, Hannibal, Honey Creek, Iberia, Joplin, Kid- der, Lamar, Lebanon, Maplewood, Mead- ville, Neosho, Nicholas, Noble, Old Orchard, Pierce City, Republic, Riverdale, Sappington, Sedalia, Thayer, Valley Park, Verdella, Web- ster Groves and Willow Springs. It sup- ports at Springfield, Drury College, one of the most efficient institutions of the kind in Missouri, and prosperous academies at Drury, Iberia, Kidder and Noble.

Congregational Church in Kansas

City .- The Congregational Churches are pure democracies. Each church is self-gov- erning, acknowledging no head but Christ, and the different churches are bound to- gether only by the voluntary fellowship of a common faith and work. They are histori- cally associated with opposition to prelacy and to a union of church and State. They have been characterized by zeal for education and for missions. One strong and influential church in St. Louis was the only organization in the State prior to the Civil War. With the opening of new railroads and the influx of new population, churches of this order began to spring up in Missouri. Kansas City, in 1863, was a frontier village of about 5,000 popula- tion, a military post, and practically in a state of siege. In the summer of that year Con- gregational brethren from Kansas, notably the Rev. R. D. Parker, the Rev. Richard Cordley, the Rev. L. Bodwell and the Rev. Mr. Liggett, crossing the Kaw River by boat and coming through the forest covering the "West Bottoms," where are now warehouses and factories, held regular Sunday preaching services, attended largely by the military and their families, at Long's Hall, 509 Main Street. A Sunday school was also estab- lished. In October the Rev. E. A. Harlow, from Maine, took charge and remained a year. Services were held by him in Miss Brown's schoolhouse, in "The Addition," on McGee Street, between Twelfth and Thir- teenth Streets. In 1865 the Rev. Leavitt Bartlett, from Vermont, was sent to the field by the American Home Missionary Society, of New York. He began his work in the building of the Christian Church, which stood on a high bank at the northwest corner of Twelfth and Main Streets. On Wednes- day evening, January 3, 1866, he organized the First Congregational Church in the house of W. P. Whelan, near the corner of Eleventh and McGee Streets, the site of the present church edifice. Only eleven persons entered into the solemn covenant at that time. There was yet only a small straggling frontier town creeping up from the levee, building its scat- tered houses southward, while the lines of earthworks could still be seen on the western bluffs, but, from the new population, profes- sional and business men, school-teachers and artisans, who came in their youth, bringing

CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH IN KANSAS CITY.

their fixed principles, their frugal habits, their faith in God and love of country, the organi- zation was rapidly strengthened. The church was formally recognized as a Congregational Church on January 7, 1866, at a council of churches held in the Christian Church, the Rev. Dr. Cordley, of Lawrence, Kansas, ex- tending the fellowship of the churches. In the same year, a substantial church build- ing, still standing, was put up on the corner of Grand Avenue and Tenth Street. It was dedicated June 24th. The Rev. Mr. Bartlett was succeeded for a few months by the Rev. R. M. Hooker, who, in turn, was followed by the Rev. E. A. Andrews, who remained with the church for a year. In the intervals between ministers, sermons were often read by the Honorable E. H. Allen and others. April 27, 1869, the Rev. J. G. Roberts was regularly installed by council as pastor. The Honorable David J. Brewer, now one of the justices of the Supreme Court of the United States, was the scribe of that council. This was a strong and successful pastorate, lasting for ten years. The Rev. Henry Hopkins, the present pastor (1900), was installed March 18, 1880. In 1884 a substantial and beautiful church edifice of stone, at the corner of Eleventh and McGee Streets, was dedicated, free from debt, at a cost, for lot and building, of over $80,000. The entire history of this church is an illustration of commercial in- tegrity and business methods in the conduct- ing of church affairs. It has maintained a varied and aggressive work in the city along various lines of philanthropic effort, for the destitute sick, for neglected boys, and for the poor and unemployed. In 1881 a building, now occupied by the Bethel Mission, was erected in the West Bottoms, near the great packing houses, and an extensive institutional and evangelistic work was successfully inaugu- rated. This included a boarding house, a lodging house, a reading room, a singing school and a free dispensary. Evangelistic meetings were held, and a church was organ- ized, but the latter was discontinued on ac- count of the dispersion of neighborhood population, owing to the necessities of busi- ness enterprise. Other features of the work were abandoned for a similar reason, but a mission is yet maintained, through other agencies. The women of the First Church have been effectively organized and are con- stantly active in every form of practical

effort. This practical character of church life has held the congregation to a downtown position, remote from the homes of nearly all its people. The church has always actively and generously fostered the younger organ- izations. In 1899 the membership of First Church was 516.

Clyde Congregational Church was organ- ized June 25, 1882, with nine members. Sep- tember 24th, following, the corner stone of the present church edifice at Seventh and Brook- lyn Streets was laid with appropriate cere- monies, and the building was completed in November following at a cost of $7,000. In November, same year, the Rev. J. H. Wil- liams, of Marblehead, Massachusetts, was called to the pastorate. During his ministry, continuing for nearly eleven years, the orig- inal church building was greatly enlarged, and the membership increased to upwards of 250. The Rev. John L. Sewell served in the pas- torate from the autumn of 1893 until Sep- tember, 1896. The Rev. Wolcutt Calkins was for fifteen months stated supply, and was help- ful in the adjustment of the financial obliga- tions of the church. In April, 1898, the Rev. E. Lee Howard entered upon a pastorate which continued for two years and one month. Following his removal from the city the Rev. Albert Bushnell was called, and en- tered upon pastoral duty July 1, 1900. The church was the first west of the Mississippi River to organize a Young People's Society of Christian Endeavor, and the second in the world to organize a Junior Christian En- deavor Society. In 1899 the membership of the church was 333.

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Encyclopedia of the history of Missouri, a compendium of history and biography for ready reference, Vol. II, Part 16

Author: Conard, Howard Louis, ed. 1n Publication date: 1901 Publisher: New York, Louisville [etc.] The Southern history company, Haldeman, Conard & co., proprietors Number of Pages: 800

Author: Conard, Howard Louis, ed. 1n
Publication date: 1901
Publisher: New York, Louisville [etc.] The Southern history company, Haldeman, Conard & co., proprietors
Number of Pages: 800