Encyclopedia of the history of Missouri, a compendium of history and biography for ready reference, Vol. II, Part 58

Author: Conard, Howard Louis, ed. 1n
Publication date: 1901
Publisher: New York, Louisville [etc.] The Southern history company, Haldeman, Conard & co., proprietors
Number of Pages: 800

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former, the State Associations of Missouri, Iowa and Kansas, the American Medical As- sociation, and the British Medical Association. He is also a member of the Alumni Associa- tion of Rush Medical College, and a valued contributor to the organ of that society, the "Corpuscle." He was one of the founders of the Kansas City "Medical Index," and served as its editor. At various times he has read papers before medical bodies, which have appeared in the professional journals, and have been received with deep interest. He is a Republican in politics. In religion, his preferences are for the Congregational Church, of which his family are members. He is a Mason, and has attained to the Com- mandery degrees; he is a past master of Arcturas Lodge No. 136, in Iowa, and has served as District Grand Master in that State. He was married October 22, 1868, to Miss Anna Jones, a native of Carmarthen, Wales. Of this marriage have been born three daughters who are unusually accom- plished. Nina A., is at the present time (1900) a classical junior of Lawrence College ; Della E., a high honor graduate of the Normal School at Warrensburg, is professor of Latin in the Manual Training School, and May A., is prominent in musical circles.

Drake Constitution .- The Constitu- tion adopted by the Constitutional Conven- tion of Missouri called for the purpose of revising the organic law of the State in 1865 .. It retained many of the provisions of the original Constitution of the State, but was, in effect, a new instrument, its most important provisions being those which emancipated the slaves, disfranchised those who had par- ticipated in or aided the secession movement, required "test oaths" of loyalty in certain cases, and established an improved common school system. This Constitution, adopted by the convention April 8, 1865, was ratified by vote of the people, and the Governor's proclamation declared it in effect July 4, 1865. The ruling spirit in the convention which framed the Constitution was Charles D. Drake, then a member of the St. Louis bar, and later a United States Senator, and for this reason the instrument has been pop- ularly known as the "Drake Constitution."

Dramshop Licenses .- The dramshop license system in St. Louis is partly State and

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partly municipal. The execution of it is in the hands of a State officer called the excise commissioner, appointed by the Governor, who issues the licenses and receives the moneys therefor, paying over to the State and the city, respectively, their proportions thereof. The State fee on every license is- sued is fifty dollars for six months, and the city's $250 for six months-making the cost of the license $300 for six months, or $600 a year. The dramshop license is exacted of all saloons and all other places where spirits and beer are sold at retail. The total collec- tions for dramshop licenses in St. Louis for the year 1898 were about $1,200,000-$1,- 000,000 of which went to the city, and $200,- 000 to the State. The city's dramshop licenses are nearly one-seventh of its annual revenue.

The present system is what is called the "high license" system, established in Mis- souri in 1878, and attended by such satisfac- tory working, both in reducing intemperance and in yielding revenue, that it was adopted in many other States. Before its introduc- tion the State, counties and the city of St. Louis charged a small, nominal fee for a saloon license, and there were small drinking saloons all over the State, one at nearly every little hamlet and crossroads, and they were the scenes of frequent recounters and blood- shed. The main object of the ligh license system was to rid the State and the rural re- gions where they abounded of these drinking places, and also to limit the number in the small towns; and this purpose was signally accomplished. The high license caused a very large proportion of the small drinking places in the rural districts to disappear, and greatly reduced the number in the large towns and cities. In St. Louis there were, in 1898, only about 1,800 dramshop licenses is- sued ; whereas, under the low license system that formerly prevailed, there were usually as many, with a population not half as large as that of the city of 1898. The number of saloons, in proportion to population, has fallen off more than one-half, while the reve- nue which they pay to the city, for the in- creased license fee, has been quadrupled.

Dred Scott Case .- The famous Dred Scott case, which drew from the Supreme Court of the United States a decision, and from Chief Justice Taney an opinion, on the

question of slavery and the rights of slaves which attracted universal attention, origi- nated in St. Louis. Dred Scott was a slave, born in Missouri about 1810. "About 1834." says the sketch of him which appears in "Ap- pleton's Encyclopedia of American Biogra- phy," "he was taken by his master, Dr. Emerson, an army surgeon, from Missouri to Rock Island, Illinois, and then to Fort Snelling, in what was then Wisconsin Terri- tory. Here he married, and two children were born to him. On his return to Mis- souri he sued in the Circuit Court of St. Louis to recover his freedom and that of his family, since he had been taken by his master to live in a free State. Scott won his case, but his master now appealed to the State Su- preme Court, which, in 1852, reversed the decision of the lower tribunal. Shortly after- ward the family were sold to a citizen of New York, John F. A. Sandford, and as this af- forded a ground for bringing a similar action in a Federal court, Scott sued again for his freedom, this time in the United States Cir- cuit Court in St. Louis, in May, 1854. The case was lost, but an appeal was made to the United States Supreme Court, and the im- portance of the matter being realized by a few eminent lawyers, several offered to take part in the argument. Those on Scott's side were Montgomery Blair and George T. Cur- tis, while those opposed to him were Reverdy Johnson and Henry S. Geyer. None of these asked for compensation. The case was tried in 1856, and the judgment of the lower court was affirmed. A brief opinion was prepared by Justice Nelson, but before its public an- nouncement it was decided by the court that, in view of the importance of the case and its bearing on the whole slavery question, which was then violently agitating the country, the Chief Justice should write a more elaborate one. Taney's opinion was read March 6, 1857, two days after the inauguration of President Buchanan, and excited intense in- terest throughout the country on account of its extreme position in favor of slavery. It affirmed, among other things, that the act of Congress that prohibited slavery north of latitude 36 degrees 30 minutes was unconsti- tutional and void. Thomas H. Benton said of this decision that it made a new departure in the working of the government, declaring slavery to be the organic law of the land, while freedom was the exception. The pass-

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DRESDEN-DRUIDS, UNITED ANCIENT ORDER OF.

age that was most widely quoted and most unfavorably commented upon was that in which Taney described the condition of the negroes at the adoption of the Constitution, saying: 'They had for more than a quarter of a century before been regarded as beings of an inferior order, and altogether unfit to associate with the white race, either in social or political relations ; and so far inferior that they had no rights which the white man was bound to respect ; and that the negro might justly and lawfully be reduced to slavery for

his benefit.' Afterward Scott and his family passed by inheritance to the family of Calvin C. Chaffee, a member of Congress from Mas- sachusetts, and on May 26, 1857, they were emancipated in St. Louis by Taylor Blow, to whom Mr. Chaffee had conveyed them for that purpose."

Dresden .- A town in Pettis County, on the Missouri Pacific Railway, seven miles northwest of Sedalia, the county seat. It has a public school and a Baptist Church. In 1899 the population was 300. It was the seat of German settlers, who named the place for a city in their native land.

Drew, Francis A., merchant, was born in Lismore, County of Waterford, Ireland, June 7, 1848, the third son of William Henry and Catherine Mary Drew. He was edu- cated by a private tutor until the age of fif- teen, when he was sent to the College of the Trappist Monks, at Mount Melleray, where he studied for two years. He was then sent to the Catholic University of Ireland, in Dub- lin, where he entered to study medicine, at- tending lectures at the University School of Medicine, with hospital practice at the Mater Misericordia and St. Vincent's Hospitals. During the Fenian excitement of 1867 and 1868 he, with other students, was suspected of being in sympathy with the movement, and not desiring to incur the displeasure of the authorities, he determined to leave the country. Being informed that the position of house surgeon in the hospital at Lima, Peru, was at the disposal of the famous Dr. Stapleton, of Dublin, he made application for it, but on account of his youth was rejected. He then left for New York, and in a short time removed to St. Louis, where, after ex- periencing all the disappointments that new arrivals generally encounter, he secured em-

ployment as a bookkeeper. While occupying this position he was offered the agency of the largest and oldest plate and window glass importing house in New York, which he ac- cepted, and in this way laid the foundation of his present business. He is a member of the University Club, a director of the Mer- chants'-Laclede National Bank, and treas- urer of the Catholic Orphans' Board. He has traveled extensively in Europe. His father and all of his family were Protestants. His mother was a Catholic, and brought all of her children up in that faith, to which Mr. Drew has always adhered. His political views are Republican, though in no sense ex- treme. He was married, September 2, 1872, to Emma, second daughter of George I. Bar- nett by his first wife, Ann Lewis. Mrs. Drew's mother was a daughter of Edwin Lewis, surgeon in the Royal Navy of Great Britain and Ireland, and who was for some years surgeon on board Her Majesty's ship "Emulong."

Drexel. - A village in Cass County, on the Kansas City, Pittsburg & Gulf Railway. twenty-five miles southwest of Harrisonville, the county seat. It has six churches, a local newspaper, the "Star," and a bank. In 1899 the population was 500.

Druids, United Ancient Order of .- A secret society founded in London, Eng- land. in 1781, for the mutual benefit of its members, and now comprising numerous or- ganizations called "Groves" in England, the United States, Canada, Australia and Ger- many. Legendary lore connects this order with the order of Druids, which was com- posed of priests or ministers of religion among the ancient Celts of Gaul, Britain and Ireland, who superintended the affairs of re- ligion and morality and filled the office of judges. The oak is said to have represented to them the Supreme God, and the mistletoe, when growing upon it, the dependence of man upon Him; and they accordingly held these in the highest veneration, the oak groves being their places of worship. Thomas Wildey, the father of American Odd Fellowship, also introduced the United An- cient Order of Druids into this country. Wil- liam Gebhardt, who had been made a mem- ber of the order in New York, founded the first Grove in the West, in St. Louis, Sep-

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DRUMM.

tember II, 1848. This organization was called Missouri Grove, No. I, and its charter members were William Gebhardt, Philip Censor, Jacob Kothengatter, K. Pfennig and Charles Lohmann. The Grand Grove of the State, composed of representatives of three subordinate Groves, was organized August 17, 1850.

Drumm, Andrew, who has been con- nected with the live stock and commercial interests of the West for over forty years, was born in 1829 in Muskingum County, Ohio. His father was a native of Virginia, and his mother of Pennsylvania, and they went to Ohio at a very early day, locating near Zanesville. There the subject of this sketch was reared and lived until he was nine- teen years of age, when his parents gave their consent to a trip to California, under the promise that he should remain away only one year. It was in the beginning of the California gold excitement that young Drumm started on the long trip, which was made by steamer from New York City to San Francisco by way of the Isthmus of Panama. He was a passenger on the "Ten- nessee," the first steamer which made the trip from New York, around Cape Horn to Panama, and thence to San Francisco. Mr. Drumm remained away from home a very short time over the number of months agreed upon, and at the end of about one year took steamer for the return trip from California. He remained at home until 1853, when he again went to California, the second trip being made overland. He remained in that State nineteen years, during the first winter devoting himself to mining, and the balance of the time being consumed in the live stock business, which he has followed most successfully from that time until to-day. Mr. Drumm went from California to Texas and continued in the same industry, his ex- perience being varied and including hard- ships and thrilling events such as went to make up the life of the plainsman in those pioneer days. Purchasing a herd of cattle, in association with a partner, the animals were driven to Abilene, Kansas, then a cele- brated trading point of the ranch country, and sold. Returning to Texas, another herd was bought, which were put on the trail and driven to Caldwell, Kansas, the cattle being

wintered on the line dividing Kansas and In- dian Territory. Major Drumm was the first man who turned a herd of cattle loose on the Cherokee Strip, and until an end was put to unlimited ranching within the borders of that reservation the business was steadily fol- lowed. In 1887 he went to Kansas City, Missouri, where he established a live stock commission business, that had for its prime purpose the disposition of his own cattle. Out of this business grew larger operations, and the result was the organization of the Drumm-Flato Commission Company, in 1893. This is one of the largest concerns of its kind in the United States. Its president stands high in the ranks of men engaged in that line of business, and the company holds a dignified position in the estimation of a large clientage. Major Drumm has a ranch in Mitchell County, Texas, where he has a large herd of cattle. He also owns a farm in Wabaunsee County, Kansas, where beef cattle are fattened for the markets. The branch offices of the Drumm-Flato Commis- sion Company at Chicago, Illinois, and East St. Louis, Illinois, are under his general su- pervision, and a burden of financial responsi- bility rests upon his shoulders, although he does not pay especial attention to minor de- tails. Major Drumm is a stockholder and director in the American National Bank, and following its reorganization prior to the present management, was chosen president of the bank, agreeing to serve until the place could be suitably filled. He is the principal owner and president of the Stock Exchange Bank at Caldwell, Kansas, and is president and one of the stockholders of the Bank of Kiowa, Kansas. Politically Major Drumm is an independent voter, invariably casting his lot with the party which, in his judgment, stands for the best government and the most judicious means of reaching such an end. He is a member of the Kansas City Club, and is held in high esteem by the men with whom he associates closely and by the public at large. Spending considerable time in travel, he is a well rounded man, a close observer, and well versed in the needs and require- ments of American society as a whole, and municipal government in particular. He was married, in 1883, to Cordelia Green, daugh- ter of a pioneer resident of Liberty, Mis- souri.

yours Truly

A. Drum

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DRUMMOND.

Drummond, James T., manufacturer, was born November 21, 1834, in St. Louis, and died in that city, September 30, 1897. His parents were Harrison and Elizabeth (Wilkins) Drummond, both of whom were natives of Virginia. His father was a farmer by occupation, and soon after the birth of the son removed to St. Charles County, Mis- souri, where he settled on a farm. There the son grew up in the midst of primitive envi- ronments, doing his share of farm work as a boy, and obtaining his early education at a log schoolhouse, which was between two and three miles distant from his home, and which school was in session during the winter months of each year only. He was trained in what most boys of the present generation would consider a hard school, but it was a school that made manly, vigorous men, who had no expectation of success in life without effort, and who were self-reliant from their youth up. After obtaining a good common school education he continued to work on the farm until the winter of 1856, during which he taught a country school. He taught two terms of school thereafter, and while em- ployed in that capacity applied himself dili- gently to his studies, improving materially the education which he had obtained in the little log schoolhouse. After giving up school-teaching he became a traveling sales- man for James Tatum-whose daughter he afterward married-and was employed four years in that capacity, his trade extending throughout Missouri and Arkansas. Having by this time acquired a small capital as a re- sult of a careful hoarding of his earnings, he became junior member of the tobacco manu- facturing firm of Myers & Drummond, of Alton, Illinois. In this way the present man- ufacturing establishment, which has made the name of Drummond a familiar one throughout the United States, came into ex- istence. It entered at once upon a prosperous career and the firm remained unchanged un- til 1873, when it was dissolved, to be suc- ceeded by Dausman & Drummond, a partnership which three years later was in turn succeeded by a stock company under the name of the Dausman & Drummond Tobacco Company. The original stockhold- ers in the Dausman & Drummond Tobacco Company were James T. Drummond, Henry Dausman, John N. Drummond and Joseph L. Curby, but in 1879 Mr. Dausman retired

from the business, the other gentlemen named continuing it and developing it to its present large proportions. When Mr. Daus- man retired the reorganized corporation took the name of the Drummond Tobacco Com- pany, under which it has gained the greatest celebrity. In 1881 it moved part of its plant to St. Louis, and manufactured both at Alton and St. Louis until 1883, when the entire plant was moved to St. Louis. Mr. Drum- mond was president of the corporation from 1885 up to the time of his death, and the vast trade which he and his associates built up, and which has its ramifications throughout every State in the Union, yielded rich re- turns and made him one of the wealthiest of Western manufacturers. The great manu- facturing establishment of which he was the founder is, with a single exception, the largest of its kind in the world, giving employment to approximately fifteen hundred persons, and employing at the present time-1898- one hundred and five traveling salesmen, who visit every part of the United States. The present officers and directors of the corpora- tion controlling this vast business are: Har- rison I. Drummond, president; Robert B. Dula, first vice president ; James T. Drum- mond, Jr., second vice president ; John N. Drummond, Sr., treasurer; Clarence Jones, secretary ; Joseph L. Curby and Adrian De- Young, directors. Harrison I. Drummond, president, is the son and worthy successor of his father. He was named for his grand- father, grew up in Alton and St. Louis, and was graduated from Yale College in the class of 1890. Immediately after his graduation from college he began work in the Drum- mond tobacco factory as an ordinary em- ploye, and obtained a practical knowledge of every department of the business. In Jan- uary, 1893, he was made a director of the company and at the same time became first vice president. He was practically acting president during the year immediately pre- ceding his father's death, and the vast in- crease of the business during that time testi- fies to the ability with which he directed the affairs of the corporation. This great enter- prise, in which the whole city of St. Louis takes a pardonable pride, constitutes a great industrial monument to the memory of James T. Drummond, its founder. He was in many respects one of the most interesting men among those who have helped to make the

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industrial and commercial history of St. Louis. A self-made man, he was in close touch at all times with those in the humbler walks of life. He employed a large number of persons, with whom his own condition in early life and his kindly nature kept him in thorough sympathy, and the relations of em- ployer and employe were in this instance of a most harmonious character. He had per- sonal knowledge of all the phases of life between poverty and affluence, and his gen- erous instincts made him equally prompt in responding to appeals for charity and in helping those who were willing to help them- selves. He was, above all, a friend of young men, and was never happier than when as- sisting them to gain a firm footing in the business world and starting them on the road to success. This was one of his most strongly marked characteristics, and many a success- ful business man, not only in St. Louis, but elsewhere, owes his start in life to the kind- hearted tobacco manufacturer. He was de- scended from Scotch ancestry and had many traits of character peculiar to the Scottish people. He had the Scotch sagacity and tenacity of purpose, and his strict rectitude and stern resolution were also qualities which he doubtless inherited from his Scotch pro- genitors. His great-grandfather-who was also named James Drummond-was born in Scotland, but came to this country at an early age and served with the Colonial forces in the Revolutionary War. Mr. Drummond was a public man only in the sense in which his business made him such, and the only time that he ever held office was when he was a resident of Alton, where he served three terms as mayor of the city. He married, in 1858, Miss Rachael Tatum, of Montgomery County, Missouri, who died a year later. In 1865 he was again married, Miss Bertha H. Randall, of Alton, Illinois, becoming his wife at that time. The second Mrs. Drummond died in 1885, and in 1888 he married Miss Josephine Hazard, of St. Louis. His living children are by his second marriage, and are Harrison I. Drummond, James T. Drum- mond, Jr., Charles R. Drummond and Rachael Drummond.

Drummond, Thomas, clergyman, was born in Manchester, England, came to west- ern Pennsylvania, and entered the Pittsburg Conference of the Methodist Episcopal

Church in 1830. In 1834 he was transferred to the Missouri Conference and was placed in charge of the Methodist Church in St. Louis then at the corner of Fourth and Washington Avenue. The next summer the cholera prevailed, many left the city, and Drummond was advised to do so. He re- fused to leave his post ; the disease attacked him, with fatal result. Conscious of ap- proaching death he said to attending friends : "Tell my brethren of the Pittsburg Confer- ence that I died at my post." He was buried at Twenty-third and Franklin Avenue. When that cemetery was abandoned his body was removed to the corner of Grand and Laclede and was buried in the Wesleyan Cemetery there. When that place yielded to the de- mands of real estate buyers Drummond's re- mains were taken to the New Wesleyan Cemetery, on the Olive Street road, and de- posited in the southwestern corner of that repository of the dead. The headstone of his first grave was inscribed with the dying words that have been quoted. That stone has accompanied the coffin and contents from the first to the last burying place and now stands at the head of the grave.

Drury College .- A coeducational col- legiate institution, with departments of music and art, and for the training of teachers, Io- cated at Springfield. It is situated on a beau- tiful campus of nearly forty acres, partly prairie and partly natural oak grove, midway between the two trade centers of the. city, and reached by the traction lines. The build- ings are eight in number. The original col- lege, a two-story brick structure, is now used as an academy. Fairbanks Hall, erected in 1876, at a cost of $32,000, was the gift of Mr. Charles Fairbanks, of London, England, and is a memorial to his son, Walter Fairbanks. This is a fine three-story structure, with mansard and basement. Its main portions accommodate sixty young men, and some of the larger rooms are used for their literary societies. Stone chapel, erected in 1881, was named for Mrs. Valeria G. Stone, of Malden, Massachusetts, who contributed $25,000 to- ward its erection. In 1882 it was burned down, after $45,000 had been expended upon it, and when $5,000 more would have com- pleted it. It was soon rebuilt out of the in- surance money and donations made by resi- dents of the city. It is one of the handsomest

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Encyclopedia of the history of Missouri, a compendium of history and biography for ready reference, Vol. II, Part 58

Author: Conard, Howard Louis, ed. 1n Publication date: 1901 Publisher: New York, Louisville [etc.] The Southern history company, Haldeman, Conard & co., proprietors Number of Pages: 800

Author: Conard, Howard Louis, ed. 1n
Publication date: 1901
Publisher: New York, Louisville [etc.] The Southern history company, Haldeman, Conard & co., proprietors
Number of Pages: 800