USA > Missouri > Livingston County > History of Caldwell and Livingston counties, Missouri, written and compiled from the most authentic official and private sources, including a history of their townships, towns and villages, together with a condensed history of Missouri; a reliable and detailed history of Caldwell and Livingston counties--their pioneer record, resources, biographical sketches of prominent citizens; general and local statistics of great value; incidents and reminiscences > Part 76
USA > Missouri > Caldwell County > History of Caldwell and Livingston counties, Missouri, written and compiled from the most authentic official and private sources, including a history of their townships, towns and villages, together with a condensed history of Missouri; a reliable and detailed history of Caldwell and Livingston counties--their pioneer record, resources, biographical sketches of prominent citizens; general and local statistics of great value; incidents and reminiscences > Part 76
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The soil now considered the best was once covered with a heavy growth of timber, chiefly white elm trees. The pioneers had hard work to reduce the land to a proper condition for plowing and sowing. The huge trees were to be cut down, and when down were yet more in the way then they had been. Those suitable were split into all the rails they would make, and then the tops and limbs and the trunks of others not fit for rails or lumber, were gathered into piles and burned. The combined labor of entire settlements was necessary to this work on any farm. Log rollings were common in early days - were necessary, too. Then after the soil was fitted to receive the plow it took several years to work it down so that it would produce properly. It was too rich at first, and the crops grew rank and luxuriant as to stem and stalk. Wheat grew five feet high, but the heads were poorly filled, and often it would not pay for the reaping.
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HISTORY OF LIVINGSTON COUNTY.
By " reaping," the expression is meant literally, for until many years after the county was settled, wheat, oats and other small grain were cut with sickles altogether. Harvesting was performed very much as it was in the days of Ruth and Boaz. The cradles came in about 1840, and when they appeared it was considered that human ingenuity had exhausted itself in the production of labor-saving harvest machin- ery. The first reaping machine - the old McCormick - was brought in sometime after 1850, and was a wonder.
The first tillers of the soil, those who subdued the wilderness and leveled the mighty forests, never enjoyed the full fruits of their labor. It remained for those who came after them to dwell in baronial man- sions, to ride in fine carriages, to wear linen and broadcloth, and to fare sumptuously every day. And yet the present occupants of the country have a full right to the enjoyment of what they have. Their enterprise and sagacity have done as much for the improvement of the county as the pluck and hard labor of the pioneers.
If. the work of clearing up and redeeming a new country had to be done now, it would be greatly facilitated. The old pioneers knew no other implement for felling trees and cutting them up than an ax. The modern pioneer would set up a " Lightning " saw and in one day do as much clearing as would employ his ancestor a week. The old pioneer, by the hardest work, grubbed up stumps with a mattock ; the modern pioneer would blow them to flinders with dynamite.
THE "HEATHERLY WAR."
In the summer of 1836 occurred in Northern Missouri certain inci- dents known in the aggregate as the " Heatherly War." With these incidents it is proper to deal in this volume, since certain companies of volunteers from this county took part in the war, and at the time the entire population was greatly excited and at times apprehensive.
From the official records of Carroll county, from the statements of living witnesses, and from other sources of information, it is learned that in the spring of this year a band of desperadoes, robbers and thieves lived in that part of Carroll county known as the Upper Grand river county, and now included in Mercer and Grundy counties. This band had for its principal member a family named Heatherly, from Kentucky, composed of the following persons : George Heatherly, Sr., the father ; Jenny Heatherly, the mother ; John Heatherly, Alfred Heatherly, George Heatherly, Jr., and James Heatherly, the sons, and Ann Heatherly, the daughter.
The Hetherlys lived far out on the frontier, and their cabin was a
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HISTORY OF LIVINGSTON COUNTY.
rendezvous for hard characters of all sorts. The antecedents of the family were bad. Old George Heatherly was regarded as a thief in Kentucky, and Mrs. Heatherly was a sister to the notorious Kentucky murderers and freebooters, Big and Littlie Harpe. The women of the family were prostitutes, and the men were believed to be villains of the hardest sort. It is said that one of Mrs. Heatherly's children was a mulatto, whose father was a coal black negro, that accompanied the family from Kentucky to Missouri. Bad as they were, however, the Heatherlys were perhaps not as black as they were painted, and many crimes were attributed to them of which, in all probability, they were innocent.
Living with the Heatherlys as boarders, visitors, or employes, were three or four young men whose reputations were none of the best, and who had doubtless drifted westward from the older States as they fled from officers of the law from crimes committed.
Old Mrs. Heatherly is said to have been the leading spirit of the gang, prompting and planning many a dark deed, and often assisting in its execution. Tales were told of the sudden and utter disappear- ance of many a land hunter and explorer, who visited the Upper Grand river country and was last seen in the neighborhood of the Heatherly house. These stories may or may not have been true, but all the same they were told, and gradually gained credence.
Early in the month of June, 1836, a hunting party of the Iowa Indians from Southern Iowa, came down on the East fork of Grand river on a hunting expedition. As soon as the Heatherlys heard of the proximity of Indians they resolved to visit their camp, steal what horses they could, and carry them down to the Missouri river counties and sell them. Taking with them James Dunbar, Alfred Hawkins and a man named Thomas, the four Heatherlys visited the scene of the Iowas' hunting operations and began to steal the ponies and horses which had been turned out to graze. Fortune favored them and they managed to secure quite a lot of ponies, and escaped with them to the forks of Grand river. Here they were overtaken by a pursuing party of the Iowas, who demanded a return of their property. The demand being either refused or not instantly com- plied with the Indians opened fire on the thieves. The first volley killed Thomas. Other shots being fired the Heatherly gang retreated, leaving the ponies in the hands of their rightful owners.
Upon the defeat of their scheme the Heatherlys returned home, and began consulting among themselves as to the best course to pursue under the circumstances. Being much alarmed lest the Indians should
40
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HISTORY OF LIVINGSTON COUNTY.
give information of the affair to the whites and have the true story believed, it was resolved to anticipate a visit to the whites on the river, and go first themselves and tell a tale of their own. Dunbar had for some time shown symptoms of treachery to the party, or rather of a desire to break away from his evil associates. Soon after he was murdered and his body secreted, but afterwards found.
In a day or two the Heatherlys made their appearance in the settle- ments raising an alarm that the Indians were in the country murdering and robbing, and claimed that they killed Dunbar and other white men in the Upper Grand river country. The news was at first believed and there was great excitement throughout the country. A part of the story that the Indians were in the country, was known to be true and the rest was readily believed. Carriers were sent to Ray, Clay and Clinton, and the people were thoroughly aroused.
Gen. B. M. Thompson, of Ray, commanding the militia forces in the district, ordered out several companies, and at the head of a reg- iment from Ray and Carroll, moved rapidly to the seene of the re- ported troubles. The whole country north of Carroll county was thoroughly scoured. An advance scouting party penetrated the section of country where the Indians were, visited their camp and found them quiet and perfectly peacable, and wondering at the cause of the visit of so many white men in arms.
Two companies from Clay were ordered out by Gen. Thompson. The battalion, numbering about 150 men, was commanded by Col. Shubael Allen. There accompanied the militia some volunteers, among whom was Gen. A. W. Doniphan. Obedient to orders Col. Allen marched his battalion almost dne north, nearly along the then western boundary of the State, to a point in what is now De Kalb county, and then turned east to the reported scene of the troubles. This was done to discover whether or not there was a movement of the savages from that quarter, or to flank the supposed hostile band reported to be advancing down Grand river. Arriving at Grand river the battalion crossed and encamped one Sunday on its banks.
After thorough examination and investigation of the situation and circumstances, Gen. Thompson became perfectly satisfied that the Indians were not and had not been hostile - were innocent of the offenses alleged against them, but on the contrary, had been preyed upon by the Heatherly gang in the manner heretofore described. After consultation the officers returned the men to their homes and dis- banded them and the great scare was over.
The depredations and crimes alleged against the Indians were now traced directly to the Heatherlys. A warrant for their arrest was
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HISTORY OF LIVINGSTON COUNTY.
issued, and July 17, S eriff Lewis N. Rees, of Carroll county, with a strong posse, apprehended them, and their preliminary examination came off before Squire Jesse Newlin, who then lived at Navetown, now Spring Hill, Livingston county. The examination attracted great attention and lasted several days. The result was that the accused were found to be the murderers - either as principals or accessories - of James Dunbar, and on the 27th of July, they were given into the custody of the sheriff of Ray county for safe keeping. Old man Heatherly, his wife, and their daughter, Ann, were released on bail.
October 27, 1836, in obedience to a writ of habeas corpus, issued by Judge John F. Ryland, in vacation, the sheriff of Ray county brought into the circuit court at Carrollton, the old man, George Heatherly, his wife, Jenny Heatherly, their sons, George, Jr., John, Alfred and James Heatherly, and Alfred Hawkins, all charged with the murder of James Dunbar. The accused were returned to the custody of the sheriff.
The grand jury found bills of indictment against the Heatherlys, and a separate indictment against Alfred Hawkins. Austin A. King took his seat on the bench, as judge of the circuit, in the room of Judge Ryland, at this term. Thos. C. Birch was circuit attorney, but having been counsel for the accused in the preliminary examination, was discharged from the duties imposed upon him by the law in this case and Amos Rees was appointed by the court special prosecutor.
On Tuesday, March 17, 1837, John Heatherly was acquitted. There being no sufficient jail in Carroll county, the Heatherlys were sent to Lafayette county jail, and Hawkins to the jail of Chariton county for safe keeping. Bills to the amount of $530 were allowed certain parties for guarding the prisoners.
It being apparent to the prosecutor that no conviction could be had of the Heatherlys, nor of Hawkins, unless some of his fellow-crim- inals would testify against him, at the July term, 1837, before Judge King, a nolle pros. was entered against the Heatherlys, and they were discharged. Whereupon Hawkins was placed on trial and the Heath- erlys testified against him. He was ably and vigorously defended by his counsel, who induced some of the jury to believe that the Heath- erlys themselves were the guilty parties, and the result was that the jury disagreed, and were discharged.
At the November term, 1837, Hawkins was again tried, at Carrollton, and this time convicted of murder in the first degree, and sentenced to death. The sentence was afterward commuted to 20 years in the penitentiary, whither he was taken, but after serving about two years of his time he died, thus terminating " the Heatherly War." What eventually became of the Heatherly family is not known.
CHAPTER IV.
HISTORY OF THE COUNTY FROM 1840 TO 1850.
Census of 1840 - The Political Canvass of 1840; the "Log Cabin and Hard Cider " Campaign - Hard Times-Polk and Clay in 1844 - Livingston County Soldiers in the Mexican War - Detailed Account of Their Services - Roster of Co. L, 2d Mis- souri Mounted Rifles - Old Militia Muster.
CENSUS OF 1840.
The total population of the county this year was 4,325 comprising 2,160 white males, 1,922 white females (total whites, 4,082) : 115 male slaves, 126 female slaves (total slaves, 241), and two free colored females. The total number of voters was 835.1
There were in the county 2,299 horses, 5,639 neat cattle, 1,883, sheep and 17,925 hogs. There had been raised the previous year, 1,768 bushels of wheat, 4,699 bushels of oats, 135,598 bushels of corn, 3,587 bushels of potatoes, 3,802 pounds of wool, and 1,439 pounds of bees' wax had been made and sold. In the entire county this year there were 13 retail dry goods, grocery and other stores, with an aggregate capital of $29,000.
THE POLITICAL CANVASS OF 1840.
In some respects the Presidential campaign of 1840 was the most remarkable in the history of the United States from the time of their organization. The Whig party, then for the first time formidable in the country, had renominated Gen. Harrison for President, asso- ciating with him John Tyler, of Virginia, for Vice-President. The Democrats renominated Martin Van Buren and Richard M. Johnson.
Owing to the suspension of the United States bank, and from other causes, there had been great stringency in the money market, and there were other financial distresses which occasioned hard times throughout the country. Many working men were either out of employment, or were at work for very low wages ; prices of produce had fallen to insignificant figures, and there was general discontent with the situation. Many people attributed the unhappy condition of affairs to Mr. Van Buren and the Democrats. Then, as now, the
1 Caldwell county had a population of 1,458, of which there were 61 slaves. The white population comprised 770 males and 627 females.
(714)
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HISTORY OF LIVINGSTON COUNTY.
party in power was held responsible for the ills afflicting the country.
The Whigs of the country took advantage of the situation, and con- ducted their campaign with unexampled ardor and enthusiasm. Mass conventions of unprecedented numbers were held, in some instances remaining in session for several days, which were addressed by distin- guished speakers whose object seemed to be to influence the popular enthusiasm and carry the election by music, banners, processions and stump oratory. Some of the Whig out-door meetings in the Ohio Valley numbered twenty thousand and were addressed by Gen. Harrison in person. At these monster assemblages miniature log cabins and veritable coons and hard cider were displayed, and cam- paign songs sung, exciting the wildest enthusiasm ; so that the contest took the name of the " Log Cabin, Coon Skin and Hard Cider Cam- paign."
To counteract the influence of the meetings and the party parapher- nalia employed by the Whigs to captivate the masses, the friends of Mr. Van Buren held their conventions also, and invoking the name and influence of " Old Hickory," who ardently supported him for the Presidency, adopted hickory boughs and the chicken-cock as their party emblems, the former gracefully waving and the latter defiantly crowing everywhere.
The Whigs and Democrats of Missouri caught the prevailing enthu- siasm, and conducted the canvass with unusual spirit. Mass conven- tions, accompanied by the splendid pageantry of processions, brilliant banners and martial music, to say nothing of political discussions unexcelled in fervid eloquence, abounded everywhere. The State was wild with excitement, and many and interesting and; graphie are the scenes which our older citizens are able to recall of the campaign of 1840.
Among the many songs sung by the Whig vocalists this year, the following was in great favor : -
THE HERO OF TIPPECANOE.
Tune - " Rosin the Bow."
You jolly brave boys of Missouri, And all ye old Jackson men, too, Come out from among the foul party, And vote for old Tippecanoe. And vote for Old Tippecanoe, etc.
The month of November is coming, And the Van Jacks 1 begin to look blue ; They know there's no chance for poor Matty,2 If we stick to old Tippecanoe. If we stick, etc.
1 The Democrats or Van Buren men.
2 Martin Van Buren.
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HISTORY OF LIVINGSTON COUNTY.
Then let ns be up and a-doing, And cling to our cause so true; I'll bet you a dollar we'll beat them With the Hero of Tippecanoe. With the Hero, etc.
Good men from the Van Jacks are flying, Which makes Van look " kinder " askew, For he sees they are joining the standard Of the Hero of Tippecanoe. Of the Hero, etc.
They say that he dwelt in a cabin, And lived on old hard cider, too. But if he did it is certain He's the Hero of Tippecanoe. He's the Hero, etc.
Then let us all meet in convention, And form a procession or two; And I tell you the Van Jacks will tremble, At the sound of "Old Tippecanoe." At the sound, etc.
And if we get anyway thirsty, I'll tell you what we can do - We'll open a keg of hard cider And drink to Old Tippecanoe. And drink, etc.
As to the origin of the terms " hard cider " and " log cabin," as applied to Gen. Harrison, it is stated by the Missouri Republican of April 20, 1840, that they originated from this circumstance: The Washington correspondent of the Baltimore Republican, the organ of the Democrats in Baltimore, after Harrison's nomination, said: " Give him ( Harrison ) a barrel of hard cider, and settle a pension of $2,000 a year on him, and, our word for it, he will sit the remainder of his days contented in his log cabin on the banks of the Ohio." The Whigs caught up the Baltimore paper's assertion, and what was intended as a slur and a sneer was seized upon and made a watchword and a rallying cry.
At the Presidential election of 1840 the following were judges of the election in the different townships of the county : -
Chillicothe - Asel F. Ball, Wm. Linville, Warren Wait.
Marion - Reuben Perkins, Win. Anderson, James Work.
Greene - Nathaniel Matson, Joseph Harper, Wm. Woolsey. Monroe - John Austin, Isaac MeCoskrie, Robeson Bryan. Jackson -James A. Davis, Jesse Nave, Andrew Ligett. Jefferson - Isom Ware, N. R. Hobbs, Sam'l Ramsay. Franklin - James Merrill, Wm. Evans, Wm. Thrailkill. Madison - Philip Wild, Evans Peery, Wm. Renfrow. Washington - B. F. Wood, A. J. Walker, Jno Mc- Lafayette- R. D. Slover, John Hart, Henry Moore. Morgan - Peter Caine, James Morgan, Esq. Gardner.
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HISTORY OF LIVINGSTON COUNTY.
HARD TIMES.
In 1842-43 times were very hard upon the people of this county. Money was scarce and hard to obtain, and produce and wages were ridiculously low. In the winter of 1842 the report of the St. Louis market showed that even then flour was about $2.50 a barrel in gold, and $3 in " city money." Wheat was 45 cents a bushel and went down to 35. Potatoes and corn were 18 cents per bushel. Nice, sugar-cured ham brought 5 cents per pound. Tobacco "firsts" brought $3.10 per hundred pounds. But on the other hand groceries were proportionately cheap. Coffee was 10 1-2 cents per pound ; the best sugar, 7 cents. Molasses, 25 cents per gallon ; whisky by the barrel, 18 cents ; by the single gallon, 25 cents ; by the pint, 5 cents.
In Livingston county produce was much cheaper and groceries much higher. The cost of transporting produce from here to St. Louis by way of Brunswick and the Missouri river, and of transport- ing groceries from St. Louis here by the same route, was consider- able, and was added in both cases. Wages here, too, were ridiculously low. Good farm hands could be hired for $6 per month.
At a public sale in Linn county, in February, 1843, terms, " cash in hand," three good colts brought $1.50 each ; one ox, 12-1-2 cents ; a lot of five cows, two small steers, and one calf, $3.75 ; 20 sheep, 13 cents each ; 24 hogs, 75 cents each ; one lot of tobacco, 700 or 800 pounds, $5.00; three stacks of hay, 25 cents each; one stack of fodder, 25 cents ; one dining-table, 50 cents ; one eight-day clock $2.50.
1844 -POLK AND CLAY.
The leading event of this year in this county was the Presidential campaign between the Whigs and the Democrats. The former had nominated Henry Clay, of Kentucky, and Theodore Frelinghuysen, of New Jersey, for President and Vice-President, and the Democratic candidates for the same offices were James K. Polk, of Tennessee, and George M. Dallas, of Pennsylvania.
At that date the Whigs called the Democrats " Locofocos," or " Locos," the term being derived from the fact that in New York city certain leading Democrats held a secret nominating caucus in a hall one night with the lights extinguished, and conducted the pro- ceedings in whispers and suppressed voices. When it was absolutely necessary to have a light small locofoco matches were burned.
Before the Democratic national nominations were made the leaders
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HISTORY OF LIVINGSTON COUNTY.
of the party seemed at a loss for a candidate to run against Henry Clay, whom it was certain the Whigs would nominate. This circum- stance gave rise to the following effusion, which was very popular as : -
A WHIG SONG.
BY J. GRENIER.
TUNE -- Old Dan Tucker.
The moon was shining silver bright, The stars of glory browned the night, High on a limb that "same old coon " 1 Was singing to himself a tune:
CHORUS - Get out of the way, you're all unlucky, Clear the track for Old Kentucky !
Now in a sad predicament
The Locos are for President, They have six horses in the pasture, And don't know which can run the faster; Get out of the way, etc.
The wagon horse from Pennsylvania, 2 The Dutchmen think he's best of any ; But he must drag in heavy stages, His federal notions and low wages; Get out of the way, etc.
They proudly bring upon the course, An old and broken-down war horse; They shout and sing, " Oh, rumpsey-dumpsey ! Col. Johnson killed Tecumseh ! " Get out of the way, etc.
And here is Cass, though not a dunce, Will run both sides of the track at once ; To win the race will all things copy, Be sometimes pig and sometimes puppy ; Get out of the way, etc.
The fiery Southern horse Calhoun, Who hates a Fox and fears a Coon, To toe the scratch will not be able, For Matty keeps him in the stable ; Get out of the way, etc.
And here is Matty 3 never idle, A tricky horse that slips his bridle ; In forty-four we'll show him soon, The little Fox can't fool the Coon; Get out of the way, etc.
The balky horse they call John Tyler, We'll head him soon, or bust his biler; His cursed " grippe " has seized us all ; Which Doctor Clay will cure next fall ; Get out of the way, etc.
1 The raccoon was the Whig emblem in the political heraldry of the time.
2 James Buchanan.
3 Martin Van Buren.
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HISTORY OF LIVINGSTON COUNTY.
The people's favorite, HENRY CLAY, Is now the " Fashion " 1 of the day, And let the track be dry or mucky, We'll stake our pile on Old Kentucky ; Get out of the way, he's swift and lucky, Clear the track for Old Kentucky !
In the Gubernatorial canvass of 1844 the candidates were Judge Chas. H. Allen, of Marion county, independent Democrat, and John C. Edwards, the regular Democratic nominee. Judge Allen received the regular support of the Whig party, which put out no candidate this year, and some dissatisfied Democrats. He was defeated in the State by a majority of 5,621, the vote standing : Edwards, 36,978 ; Allen, 31,357.
Judge Allen was generally known by his nickname " Horse," or " Hoss " Allen, which, it is said, he received from the following circum- stance : On one occasion he was holding court when a disorderly attorney interrupted the proceedings by talking in a loud voice, being engaged in a sort of altercation with another lawyer. The judge com- manded silence. To this command the turbulent lawyer paid no regard. The sheriff chanced to be absent from the room at the time. There- upon His Honor rose and, in a voice of thunder, cried : " Sit down, sir, and keep your mouth shut!" The lawyer subsided, sank into his seat and murmured, "Well, as you are judge of this court, I guess I will obey you this time." Judge Allen instantly, and with certain demonstrations, rejoined : " By G-, sir, I'll let you know that I am not only judge of this court, but I'm a HOSS besides, and if you don't obey me I'll make you !"
At this time and until 1846 the representatives in Congress from Missouri were elected by the voters of the State at large, and not by Congressional districts, as is now the case. Those elected this year were John S. Phelps, James B. Bowlin, James H. Relfe, Sterling Price and Leonard H. Sims, all " Hards " 2 but Mr. Sims, who was a " Soft," and who chanced to be elected by reason of the following circumstance: Hon. D. C. M. Parsons, of Pike county, was originally one of the " Hard " candidates. A few days before the election he died, and the " Hard " central committee substituted Hou. John G.
1 " Fashion " was the fastest race horse on the turf at that day.
2 The Democratic party of Missouri at that date was divided into two factions, the " Hards," who were in favor of hard money, or of State bank money on a metallic basis, convertible into coin on demand, no bills to be of less denomination than $10. The "Softs " favored the issue of bank bills of the denomination of $1, $2, 83 and $5, and leaned toward the Whig idea of free banking.
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