History of Harrison and Mercer Counties, Missouri : from the earliest times to the present : together with sundry personal, business, and professional sketches and family records : besides a condensed history of the State of Missouri, etc, Part 18

Author:
Publication date: 1888
Publisher: St. Louis : Goodspeed Pub. Co.
Number of Pages: 786


USA > Missouri > Mercer County > History of Harrison and Mercer Counties, Missouri : from the earliest times to the present : together with sundry personal, business, and professional sketches and family records : besides a condensed history of the State of Missouri, etc > Part 18
USA > Missouri > Harrison County > History of Harrison and Mercer Counties, Missouri : from the earliest times to the present : together with sundry personal, business, and professional sketches and family records : besides a condensed history of the State of Missouri, etc > Part 18


Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).


Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5 | Part 6 | Part 7 | Part 8 | Part 9 | Part 10 | Part 11 | Part 12 | Part 13 | Part 14 | Part 15 | Part 16 | Part 17 | Part 18 | Part 19 | Part 20 | Part 21 | Part 22 | Part 23 | Part 24 | Part 25 | Part 26 | Part 27 | Part 28 | Part 29 | Part 30 | Part 31 | Part 32 | Part 33 | Part 34 | Part 35 | Part 36 | Part 37 | Part 38 | Part 39 | Part 40 | Part 41 | Part 42 | Part 43 | Part 44 | Part 45 | Part 46 | Part 47 | Part 48 | Part 49 | Part 50 | Part 51 | Part 52 | Part 53 | Part 54 | Part 55 | Part 56 | Part 57 | Part 58 | Part 59 | Part 60 | Part 61 | Part 62 | Part 63 | Part 64 | Part 65 | Part 66 | Part 67 | Part 68 | Part 69 | Part 70 | Part 71 | Part 72 | Part 73 | Part 74 | Part 75


The annexed table shows the population of the State by the counties in ex- istence at the several periods mentioned. The population of the Territory in 1810 was 20,845.


COUNTIES.


1821.


1830.


1840.


1850.


1860.


1870.


1880.


Adair


2,342


8,531


11,449


15,190


Andrew


9,433


11,850


15,137


16,318


Atchison.


1,648


4,649


8,440


14,556


Audrain


1,949


3,506


8,075


12,307


19,732


Barry


4,795


3,467


7,995


10,373


14,405


Barton


1,817


5,087


10,332


Bates ..


3,669


7,215


15,960


25,381


Benton


4,205


5,015


9,072


11,322


12,396


Boone ..


3,692


8,859


13,561


14,979


19,486


20,765


25,422


Buchanan


6,237


12,975


23,861


35,109


49,792


Butler .


1,616


2,891


4,298


6,011


Caldwell.


1,458


2,316


5,034


11,390


13,646


Callaway


1,797


6,102


11,765


13,827


17,049


19,202


23,670


Camden


7,852


7,430


9,359


13,912


15,547


17,558


20,998


Carroll.


2,433


5,441


9,763


17,445


23,274


Carter


4,693


6,090


9,794


19,296


22,431


Chariton


1,426


1,776


4,746


7,514


12,562


19,135


25,224


Clark.


2,846


5,527


11,684


13,667


15,031


Clay


5,342


8,282


10,332


13,023


15,564


15,572


Cole.


1,028


3,006


9,286


6,696


9,697


10,292


15,515


Cooper.


3,483


6,910


10,484


12,950


17,356


20,692


21,596


Crawford


1,709


3,561


6,397


5,823


7,982


10,756


Dade


3,648


5,892


8,383


9,263


Daviess


2,736


5,298


9,606


14,410


19,145


De Kalb.


2,075


5,224


9,858


13,834


Dent ...


2,414


3,915


7,753


Dunklin ..


1,220


5,026


5,982


9.604


Franklin


1.928


3,431


7,515


11,021


18,035


23,098


26,534


Gasconade.


1,174


1,548


5,330


4,996


8,727


11,093


11,153


Gentry


4,248


11,980


11,607


17,176


Greene


5,372


12,785


13,186


21,549


28,801


Grundy.


3,006


7,88


10,567


15,185


Harrison.


2,447


10,626


14,635


20,304


Henry .


4,726


4,052


9,866


17,401


23,906


Hickory


2,329


4,705


6,452


7,387


Holt ...


3,957


6,550


11,652


15,509


Howard


7,321


10,314


13,108


13,969


15,946


17,233


18,428


Howell.


3,169


4,218


8,814


Iron.


2,822


7,612


14,000


22,896


55,041


82,325


Jasper.


4,223


6,883


14,928


32,019


Jefferson


1,838


2,586


4,296


6,928


10,344


15,380


18,736


Johnson


4,471


7,467


14,644


24,648


28,172


4,975


6,108


7,266


Cedar.


6,637


9,474


10,741


Christian


5,491


6,707


9,628


Clinton


2,724


3,786


7,748


14,063


16,073


12,557


Dallas


5,654


6,357


10,646


Douglas.


4,246


7,072


8,683


2,168


Cass.


3,361


1,235


1,455


11,130


Bollinger.


7,371


8,162


2,338


Cape Girardeau.


5,842


6,278


8,183


Jackson


196


HISTORY OF MISSOURI.


POPULATION OF MISSOURI BY COUNTIES .- Continued.


COUNTIES.


1821.


1830.


1840.


1850.


1860.


1870.


1880.


Knox


2,894


8,727


10,974


13,047


Laclede.


2,498


5,182


9,380


11,524


La Fayette.


1,340


2,921


6,815


13,690


20,098


22,628


25,710


Lawrence


4,859


8,846


13,067


17,583


Lewis


6,040


6,578


12,286


15,114


15,925


Lincoln


1,674


4,060


7,449


9,421


14,210


15,960


17,426


Linn.


2,245


4,058


9,112


15,900


20,016


Livingston


4,325


4,247


7,417


16,730


20,196


McDonald


2,236


4,038


5,226


7,816


Macon


6,034


6,565


14,346


23,230


26,222


Madison


2,371


3,395


6,003


5,664


5,849


8,876


Maries


1,907


4,839


9,623


12,230


18,838


23,780


24,837


Mercer


2,282


3,834


6,812


6,616


9,805


Mississippi


3,123


4,859


4,982


9,270


Moniteau ..


6,004


10,124


11,375


14,346


Monroe


9,505


10,541


14,785


17,149


19,071


Montgomery


2,032


3,900


4,371


5,486


9,718


10,405


16,249


New Madrid.


2,445


2,351


4,554


5,541


5,654


6,357


7,694


4,268


9,319


12,821


18,947


2,118


5,252


14,751


29,544


Oregon


6,704


7,879


10,793


11,824


Ozark


2,294


2,447


3,363


5,618


Pemiscot.


2,962


2,059


4,299


Perry


1,599


3,371


5,760


7,215


9,128


9,877


11,895


Pettis


2,677


6,122


10,646


13,609


18,417


23,077


26,715


Platte


8,913


16,845


18,350


17,352


17,366


Polk.


8,449


6,186


9,995


12,445


15,734


Pulaski.


6,529


3,998


3,835


4,714


7,250


Putnam


1,657


9,207


11,217


13,555


Ralls . . .


1,684


4,346


5,670


6,151


8,592


10,510


11,838


Ray .


1,789


2,658


6,053


10,353


14,092


18,700


20,190


Reynolds.


1,849


3,173


3,756


5,722


St. Charles


4,058


4,822


2,856 7,911


2,830


3,747


3,175


5,377


St. Clair. .


3,556


6,812


6,747


14,125


St. Francois


2,386


3,211


4,964


4,249


9,742


13,822


St. Louis.


8,190


14,909


35,975


104,978


190,524


351,189


382,406


Saline . .


1,176


2,182


5,258


8,843


14,699


21,672


29,911


Schuyler.


3,287


6,097


8,820


10,470


Scotland


3,782


8,873


10,670


12,508


Scott. .


2,136


5,974


3,182


5,247


7,317


8,587


Shannon


1,199


2,284


2,339


3,441


Shelby


3,056


4,253


7,301


10,119


14,024


Stoddard


3,153


4,277


7,877


8,535


13,431


Stone. .


2,400


3,253


4,404


Sullivan.


2,988


9,198


11,907


16,569


Taney


3,264


4,373


3,576


4,407


5,599


Texas.


. .


. .


2,313


6,067


9,618


12,206


ยท


4,407


4,650


8,202


8,434


10,132


Nodaway.


1,432


3,009


3,287


5,721


2,930


5,150


9,392


18,706


27,271


Phelps


5,714


10,506


12,568


Pike.


Randolph


2,942


7,198


9,439


11,407


15,908


22,751


Ripley .


11,454


16,523


21,304


23,065


Ste. Genevieve


3,181


2,000


3,148


5,313


8,029


8,384


10,390


Newton.


3,790


2,691


9,300


11,557


14,673


Miller


. .


4,901


5,916


7,304


Marion


Morgan


Osage


197


HISTORY OF MISSOURI.


POPULATION OF MISSOURI BY COUNTIES .- Concluded.


COUNTIES.


1821.


1830.


1840.


1850.


1860.


1870.


1880.


Vernon.


4,850


11,247


19,369


Warren.


4,253


5,860


8,339


9,637


10,806


Washington


3,741


6,779


7,213


8,811


9,723


11,719


12,896


Wayne


1,614


3,254


3,403


5,518


5,629


6,068


9,096


Webster


7,099


10,434


12,175


Worth


5,004


8,203


Wright.


3,387


4,508


5,684|


9,712


Total


70,647


140,304


383,702


682,043


1,721,295 2,168,380


CITIES AND TOWNS.


The following table shows the population of cities and towns in the State with a population of 4,000 and upward in 1880, compared with the census of 1870:


TOWNS.


1870.


1880.


TOWNS.


1870.


1880.


Carthage


4,167


Moberly


1,514


6,070


Chillicothe


3,978


4,078


St. Charles.


5,570


5,014


Hannibal


10,125


11,074


St. Joseph


19,565


32,431


Jefferson City


4,420


5,271


St. Louis


310,864


350,518


Joplin .


7,038


Sedalia ..


4,560


9,561


Kansas City.


32,260


55,785


Springfield.


5,555


6,522


Louisiana .


3,630


4,325


Warrensburg.


2,945


4,040


CONCLUSION.


Such, in brief, is the History of Missouri, one of the foremost of the States of the Union in everything that goes to make up our Commonwealth. While there may be spots and flaws in the early records of its pioneer settlers, yet with them all this early and later history is one that must stir the blood and quicken the pulse of him who reads. Its institutions of civil and religious freedom, guaranteeing the rights of citizenship, education and worship, extending the blessings of beneficent law silently and extensively as the atmosphere about us, demand our love. Then, too, it is a State of innumerable and as yet undeveloped resources. Its soil yields almost an infinite variety of production. Within its bosom lie hid many minerals, and its forests are rich in ex-


198


HISTORY OF MISSOURI.


haustless stores of timber, while its prairies are made to " bud and blossom like the rose." It is a State of the free school, the free press and the free pulpit, a trio the power of which it is im- possible to compute. The free schools, open to rich and poor, bind together the people in educational bonds and in the common memories of the recitation-room and the play grounds. The free press may not always be altogether as dignified or elevated as the more highly cultivated may desire, but it is ever open to the com- plaints of the people; is ever watchful of popular rights and jeal- ous of class encroachments. The free pulpit, sustained not by legally exacted tithes wrung from an unwilling people, but by the free-will offerings of loving supporters, gathers about it the thousands, inculcates the highest morality, points to brighter worlds, and when occasion demands will not be silent before po- litical wrongs. Its power simply as an educating agency can scarcely be estimated. These three grand agencies are not rival but supplementary, each doing an essential work in public cult- ure.


Above all this is a State of homes. Here there is no system of vast land-ownerships, with lettings and sub-lettings, but, on the contrary, the abundance and cheapness of land gives a large proportion of the population proprietary interests. To all this, add the freedom of elective franchise which invests the humblest citizen with the functions of sovereignty, and is there not reason for loving such a State ?


The Missouri of to-day is not the Missouri of a decade ago. A dark period followed the close of that bitter internecine strife, so fatal to this locality, but notwithstanding all this, prosperity and progress beyond former precedents are now her portion. The area of land under cultivation is greater than ever before, and the census of 1890 will exhibit an astounding increase in every department of material industry and advancement; in a great in- crease of agricultural and mechanical wealth; in new and im- proved modes for production of every kind, in the universal activity of business in all its branches; in the rapid growth of cities and villages; in bountiful harvests, and in unexampled material prosperity prevailing on every hand. Colleges and schools of every class and grade are in the most flourishing con-


199


HISTORY OF MISSOURI.


dition; benevolent institutions, State and private, are well main- tained, and, as one has aptly said, "In a word our prosperity is as complete and ample as though no tread of armies or beat of drum had been heard in our borders." Surely these are not the ordinary indices of exhaustion! As to resources for the future struggle, the resources of the State will meet each legitimate call. Guiding all these is the intelligent purpose of a people whose ambition, laudable indeed, is to make Missouri in reputation what she is in reality-one of the very richest States of the Union.


PART II.


HISTORY OF HARRISON COUNTY.


13


HISTORY OF HARRISON COUNTY.


TOPOGRAPHY .*


H ARRISON COUNTY is a little more than 30 miles long, north and south, and 24 miles across east and west; it contains some- thing over 720 square miles or sections of land, or about 264, 000 acres. It is centrally located in the celebrated Grand River country, joins Iowa on the north, and is the fourth county east from the Missouri River.


Timber .- Originally about three-fourths of the land of this county was prairie and one-fourth timber. The timber was mostly situated along the numerous streams of water. The principal kinds of native timber are white oak, black oak, burr oak, hickory, walnut, cottonwood, elm, ash, linn, maple, sycamore, buckeye and locust. Perhaps over half the timber was oak, and much the greatest part of the oak was of the burr oak variety. The trees were generally not very tall except along the larger streams, where many trees were over 100 feet high.


Burr oak was the most valuable timber for general purposes, as from it most of the rails, posts, and framing timber were made; it is more lasting especially when connected with the ground than almost any other of the native timber, and it was very good for fuel. Whilst it did not grow very tall, yet nearly every tree would make one or two rail cuts, and the remainder of the tree would make excellent firewood.


In some localities there was considerable hickory timber. It was good for fuel, but most varieties would not last well in rails, or when exposed to the weather. Recently it has been and is highly prized for making farm implements, wagons and buggies, as when painted it lasts well. Originally there was considerable walnut timber in the county, but from 1870 until 1885, nearly all that was large enough for use was


* Contributed by D. J. Heaston.


204


HISTORY OF HARRISON COUNTY.


cut and shipped out of the country to be used in Eastern manufactories. The other varieties of timber were very limited, and generally not of much value. There has always been and still is sufficient timber in this county for fuel, fencing and most building purposes.


Streams. - The streams of water nearly all flow in a southerly di- rection, the rainfall and springs generally finding an outlet to the Mis- souri River. The Middle Fork, or what is usually called Thompson's Fork of Grand River, rises some 40 or 50 miles in Iowa, and enters this county near the northeast corner, and runs in a southerly course through the east part of the county over 20 miles in a direct line, but a much greater distance by the meanderings of the stream.


East of Grand River is a large scope of excellent timber, many places miles in width, but most of this timber is in Mercer County, as the river is so near the county line. West of the river almost the entire distance through the county is a nearly level prairie, generally known as the "Grand River Bottom," a narrow fringe of timber occurring along the immediate bank of the river and at the foot of the bluffs west of the "bottom." This bottom varies in width from a half mile to two miles; a portion of it is subject to overflow occasion- ally when the river is very high. This prairie bottom in many places is lower back a distance from the river than it is along the immediate river bank, indicating that the banks forming the channel of the river have been raised and built up gradually by deposit of dirt and debris from the rises and overflows. For many years after the first settling of the county there were no improvements made on these bottoms, as it was generally considered that it was too wet for cultivation, or the danger of overflow which occurred every few years was too great to risk fencing and loss of crop, but recently nearly all this bottom has been fenced and put in cultivation, and the deep black soil has proven it the best corn producing portion of the county, and richly repaying for all the labor bestowed upon its improvement. The principal streams that run into Grand River on the west side in Harrison County are Indian Creek, Brush Creek, Hickory Creek, Panther Creek, Trail Creek, Cat Creek, Fox Creek, Sugar Creek and Tombstone. Nearly all these streams flow in a southeasterly direction into Grand River. It is estimated that Grand River and its tributaries drain about one-third of the area of the county. Grand River is a slow flowing or sluggish stream, its bottom and banks being mostly clay, black loam or sandy. The immediate banks of the river are generally from ten to twenty feet high, and so steep as to render the crossing difficult without improve- ment. During low water the river can be forded at many places, but it


205


STATE OF MISSOURI.


is often too full to be easily forded. After the first settling of the county ferries were maintained at several places on the river, but these have been superseded by bridges.


Big Creek rises in Iowa about twenty or thirty miles from the Missouri line, and enters Harrison County on the north line some two or three miles west of the center, and flows through the county in a southerly direction, passing all the way through the county in and near the center of Range 28. East Big Creek also starts in Iowa, and flows into Harrison County a few miles east of the center, and runs in a southerly direction bearing west, forming a junction with West or Main Big Creek, three-fourths of a mile west of Bethany. The main tributaries to Big Creek are Little Creek, Shain Creek, Polecat, Crab Apple and Long Tom. It is estimated that Big Creek and its tribu- taries drain about one-half of the area of the county. Big Creek empties into West Grand River near Pattonsburg, a few miles south of Harrison County.


About one-sixth of the west part of the county is drained by small streams that flow in a south or westerly direction, and empty into West Grand River. The principal of these streams are Lot's Creek, Muddy Creek, Panther Creek, Sampson and White Oak. Thus it will be seen that the streams of the county all run in a south- erly direction, or the surplus water is drained toward the south, from which it is easily perceived that the general surface of the country faces toward the south, the better to receive the warm rays of the sun.


Prairie. - As already stated, about three-fourths of the area of the county was originally prairie, the timber being principally located along the water courses and in the valleys. It is supposed the reason that timber was mostly confined to the streams or low lands was because the fires that burned over the prairies were checked and stopped by them, thereby saving the young timber and giving it a chance to grow. It is stated that, sometimes, the tall luxuriant grass would accumulate two or three years upon the prairie without being burned off, then in some dry time, perhaps a windy day, fire would break out and sweep rapidly over the country, consuming everything in its course, only being stopped by some stream or want of inflammable material. In the course of time, the timber being saved along the streams would kill out or prevent the growth of prairie grass under the shaded and sheltered ground, and thus make the timber the more secure from prairie fires. It is thus the early settlers account for the fact that the upland was principally prairie.


In the eastern part of the county, between Grand River and Big


206


HISTORY OF HARRISON COUNTY.


Creek, is a large and nearly level prairie. It is high, dry, rich, and very productive. This beautiful prairie extends from the south part of the county nearly to the Iowa line. The western part of the county is more broken and rolling, and the soil generally is not so good, but there is some beautiful and productive prairie in the west- ern part of the county. The surface soil is mostly a good black loam, from one to five feet deep. Upon the prairies under this loam is gen- erally found a hard pan, several feet in thickness, nearly impervious to water. It prevents the soil suffering greatly from drouth. The farmers also take advantage of this quality of the soil by constructing pools at convenient places, thereby constantly keeping ready for use bountiful supplies of water for stock. In the timber land the loam is usually not so deep as on the prairies, and is underlaid by yellow clay of good quality for making brick and tiling.


Stone, Coal and Mineral Water .- The principal stone is of the limestone variety. Along Big Creek and Polecat Creek stone of excellent quality for building purposes is found in great abun- dance. Recently a fine quality of stone was found near Bethany, which is capable of receiving a beautiful polish. If it is found to be as extensive as is usually supposed, it will add quite a factor to the wealth of the county. The jail building was erected in 1863 of stone procured from a quarry on Polecat Creek, about two miles southeast of Bethany. There stone can be procured in almost any desired size in inexhaustible quantities. They are easily dressed, and stand exposure. The jail was erected of stone dressed so as to weigh from one to two tons. They have been in the building twenty- five years, and yet show no signs of crumbling, decay or discoloring from the changes or inclemencies of the weather. Sand of excellent quality for plastering and cement is found in abundance in numerous places in the county. Good water is found at nearly all parts of the county at the depth of from ten to thirty feet.


The soil is well adapted for raising corn, oats, rye, wheat, clover, timothy, blue-grass, potatoes, turnips, and nearly all kinds of garden products. From the first settlement of the county corn has been con- sidered the main crop. When the corn crop is good, the farmers pros- per and are happy, but when the crop is light, times are hard and business generally dull. On the best farms, with favorable seasons and good cultivation, corn frequently yields one hundred bushels to the acre, but usually about fifty bushels per acre is considered an average crop.


Oats and rye are also considered sure crops, and yield from


207


STATE OF MISSOURI.


twenty-five to forty bushels per acre. Wheat is not so sure a crop on all kinds of soil. It is usually considered a safer crop from fall sowing on good bottom or timber land. Under favorable circum- stances it yields from twenty to thirty bushels per acre. Timothy yields from one to two tons per acre, and when clover is mixed with it, the yield is immense, and the crop sure. Blue-grass appears to be well adapted to the soil, and has spread over almost all the county.


This is a fine county for stock raising, and the best farmers now urge that there is more money made here with less exertion by raising grass and cattle than any other way of farming. It is readily per- ceived that grass is easier to raise and take care of than corn or any other kind of crop, and at the same time is easier upon the soil.


The geological reports represent Harrison County as being in the coal belt. Coal crops out on the farm of Mr. Gray near Trail Creek, and several hundred bushels of coal of a fair quality have been dug out; the vein is only about eight inches thick, and soon runs back so deep under the surface as to render its mining unprofitable. Signs of coal have also been discovered in other parts of the county. Sev- eral individual efforts have been made to find coal, but no systematic effort was made until 1885.


In the spring of that year the enterprising citizens of Bethany and vicinity made a contract with the Diamond Drill Company, of Chicago, to bore for coal in the vicinity of the town. The Drill Com- pany was to sink a hole at least 500 feet deep, unless coal in satis- factory quantity was sooner discovered. The hole was to be three inches in diameter and a core was to be taken out and preserved one and one-fourth inches in diameter. The boring was done in the bottom on the east bank of Big Creek, about one mile west of Bethany, at the place where the present mineral spring is. The following is the record of the boring kept at the time:


No. Character.


Thickness, eet.


Depth, feet.


1 Earth and clay.


.45


.


2 Hard gray limestone.


11


56


3 Dark slate.


8


64


4 Limestone.


12


76


5 Dark slate.


5


81


6 Gray limestone.


17


98


7 Sand shale.


81


179


8


Limestone.


5


184


9


Soapstone


4


188


10


Sand shale


32


220


11 Slate shale. 18


238


12 Black slate. 1


239


208


HISTORY OF HARRISON COUNTY.


No.


Character.


Thickness, feet.


Depth, feet.


-13


Coal.


9 inches 240


14


Gray slate.


14


254


15


Limestone.


3


257


15


Gray slate.


4


261


-16 Coal


4 inches


. .


17 Dark gray slate.


.15


276


18


Limestone.


5


281


19


Slate.


4


285


20


Fire Clay.


.10


295


21


Limestone.


.16


311


22


Slate.


30


341


-23


Coal.


1 inch


. .


24


Slate


29


370


-25


Coal.


15 inches ..


26


Slate


32


403


27


Sand shale.


11


414


28


Slate.


27


441


29


Sand shale.


9


450


30


Black slate.


11


461


31


Blue clay.


3


464


82


Gray slate.


3


467


33


Sand shale.


3


470


34 Slate (mixed)


64


534


35


Dark sandstone.


2


536


36


Black slate


16


552


-37


Coal


7 inches


. .


38


Clay


2


554


39


Slate (mixed).


20


574


40


Sand shale


62


636


41


Boulder.


8


644


42 Sand shale.


10


654


.


From this it will be observed that in going to the depth of 654 feet five small veins of coal were passed through, the thickest being only fifteen inches, and that at a depth of 370 feet. It was thought this vein was too light and at too great a depth to pay for opening and working.


It will be seen, too, that at the depth reached the same coal confor- mation still continued, and it is claimed that as long as the slate and shale continues there is still hope of finding coal.


Some believe that coal exists here in sufficient quantity to pay for opening and developing mines. It might be that at other points the veins would be much thicker.


In boring for coal near Bethany as above stated, at the depth of about 200 feet a vein of water was struck which has continued to flow ever since. Upon examination this water was found to contain some


209


STATE OF MISSOURI.


valuable mineral properties. No analysis of it has yet been made by a competent chemist, but those who have been using it for diseases are unanimous in their verdict that it is a mineral water of very excel- lent qualities. A gas pipe has been sunk through the loam and clay about forty-five feet to the point where rock was struck, and in this manner an opening has been preserved to secure the continual flow of the water. The flow of water has continued about the same as when first discovered, being about five gallons per minute.


EARLY SETTLEMENT.


In writing the history of the early settlement of Harrison County we have to rely very much upon the statements made to us by the oldest inhabitant and other old citizens. There was no newspaper published in the county until the year 1859. Since that time the files of the papers have been examined so as to get correct dates and full and reliable reports of the matters herein written. In preparing this article, we are under many obligations to Elder J. S. Allen and Col. D. J. Heaston, each of whom has heretofore written valuable articles upon the early settlement and history of the county from which, with their kind consent, we have drawn very largely.


As a general rule, all new countries are settled by poor, but hardy pioneers; men who desire homes for themselves and families, and are too poor to obtain them in the older States, strike out for the western border, where lands are wild and unoccupied, determined to face the dangers and inconveniences of the new country, in order to have a little farm they can call their own. The early settlers of Harrison County were of this class; poor, but honest yeomanry, brave, industri- ous and generous. A new country is generally a poor place for a lazy man, a dude, or a thief.




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