USA > Missouri > Cooper County > History of Howard and Cooper counties, Missouri : written and compiled from the most authentic official and private sources, including a history of its townships, towns, and villages : together with a condensed history of Missouri, a reliable and detailed history of Howard and Cooper counties-- its pioneer record, resources, biographical sketches of prominent citizens, general and local statistics of great value, incidents and reminiscences > Part 73
USA > Missouri > Howard County > History of Howard and Cooper counties, Missouri : written and compiled from the most authentic official and private sources, including a history of its townships, towns, and villages : together with a condensed history of Missouri, a reliable and detailed history of Howard and Cooper counties-- its pioneer record, resources, biographical sketches of prominent citizens, general and local statistics of great value, incidents and reminiscences > Part 73
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It must not be thought from this that that was a terribly demor- alized community, for it certainly was not, but on the contrary, one
727
HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES.
of the most refined in the county. It was customary at that time to find whiskey in every house, and the man who did not take his dram was the exception and not the rule. But drunkenness was then con- sidered very disgraceful, and on that account was rarely heard of. People then could drink without taking too much.
It is not to be understood, that even considering the customs of the settlers at that time, the teacher was justified in treating his pupils to whiskey, and the people for suffering it to be done. It was wrong then, and at the present day would not be tolerated in any community.
To the credit of the patrons and teachers of the schools of the past, it may here be said, that there is only one other instance known of a proceeding of this kind being allowed. It was considered at that day that it was not so much the use as the abuse, which made whiskey so objectionable and demoralizing. If at that day, a young gentle- man the least bit intoxicated attempted to wait upon a respectable young lady, he was told that his company was not absolutely required at that house, and that the sooner he left the better it would be for all concerned. How is it now? Our readers live in the present, and are capable of passing judgment upon present customs.
There was a town called Washington, laid off by B. W. Levens, about one mile below Overton, near the Missouri river, on the farm lately occupied by Timothy Chandler. Several lots were sold, houses built, and for a while considerable business done. But the site of the town has long since disappeared, and the spot on which it was located cannot be designated by any person living. Indeed, but few in that locality are aware of the fact that such a town was ever located and inhabited.
Another town called Houstonville, was laid off by B. W. Levens and John Ward at the ferry landing, opposite to Rocheport, and some lots were sold, but not much improved. The site of the town has long since disappeared under the encroaching waters of the Missouri river.
Another town, the name of which is now unknown, was located at the " cross-roads," north of Conner's mill, near the late residence of Judge Jesse Ogden, but was soon abandoned.
Only two of the old pioneers are now living, viz. : Wm. Lamm and James F. Conner.
Mr. Lamm was born in Roan county, North Carolina, twelve miles from Saulsbury, and is eighty-one years of age. His parents removed to Tennessee in 1796, taking him with them. He came and
728
HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES.
settled in Saline township in the fall of 1816, and has remained there ever since.
Mr. James F. Conner was a small boy when he, with his parents, settled in Saline township. He is the proprietor of Conner's mill, situated on the Petite Saline creek, about nine miles east of Boon- ville, which was erected by Charles Force, and until it was pur- chased by Mr. Conner, who changed it into a steam mill, it was run entirely by water power. This mill was built at a very early day, and has proved of great benefit to the inhabitants of this township, as it gave them a market at home for their surplus products.
This township is one of the best wheat districts in the county, probably no finer wheat being raised anywhere in the state. It also produces, with little cultivation, all other kinds of grain, fruits and garden vegetables.
This township, as well as the rest of the county, had its troubles in the late civil war. There were nine union and three southern men killed within its borders. The southern men who were killed were Benjamin Hill, William Henshaw and Radford Bass. These men were murdered at or near their homes, about the last of September, 1864, by a scouting party of Union soldiers, being a part of the com- mand of Colonel Hall, of the Missouri state militia. They were not belligerents, and the cause of their being slain is unknown.
The Union soldiers who were killed, were slain by bushwhack- ers from Howard and Boone counties, seven of them on the 7th day of October, 1864, and two of them on the 27th day of May, 1865. The following is a list of them : Henry Weber, Franz Haffenburg, Jacob Eder, David Huth, Bernhard Detrick, Gerhardt Blank, Peter Diehl, Jacob Good, Sr., Jerry Good, Jr. There was also a bush- whacker, whose name is unknown, killed on the 27th day of May, 1865.
This township has always been strongly democratic in principle since the organization of the county, and still remains the same.
CHAPTER XIV.
THE PRESS AND PUBLIC SOHOOLS.
Boonville Herald - The Western Emigrant - Boonville Observer - Missouri Register - The Boonville Argus - The Coon Hunter - Democratic Union - Boonville Bul- letin - Tri- Weekly Observer - The Iris - Central Missourian - The Boonville Mis- sourian - The Ladies' Garland - Boonville Patriot - Boonville Advertiser - Boon- ville Daily Advertiser - Boonville Eagle-Wachter Am Missourier -The Central Missourier -Boonville News - Boonville Weekly Topic- The Pilot Grove Bee - Shave Tail Courier - Public Schools, with Facts and Figures Pertaining thereto.
THE PRESS OF COOPER COUNTY.
The first newspaper in Cooper county was established at Boon- ville about the year 1834, and was called the Boonville Herald. It was owned by James O. Middleton, and edited by Benjamin E. Ferry, who was afterwards county clerk of Cooper county. In the year 1838, Robert Brent bought one-half interest in the paper from James Middleton, and on the 8th of April, in that year, they changed the name of the paper to that of The Western Emigrant. On the 7th of March, 1839, C. W. Todd purchased Brent's interest in the paper, and the paper was edited about one year by Messrs. Middleton and Todd. On the 30th day of April, 1840, C. W. Todd purchased Mid- dleton's interest in the paper, and changed its name to that of the Boonville Observer. C. W. Todd continued as sole proprietor of the paper until the 3d day of February, 1842, when he sold one-half in- terest in it to T. J. Boggs. On the 29th of March, 1843, F. M. Cald- well and J. S. Collins purchased the paper from Todd & Boggs. They continued to edit it in partnership only until June 7, 1843, when F. M. Caldwell purchased the interest of Collins, and became sole propri- etor. Caldwell soon sold one-half interest in the paper to Allen Hammond, and it was edited under the firm name of Caldwell & Ham- mond until the 9th day of June, 1846, when Caldwell sold out his in- terest to Allen Hammond, and returned to Virginia on account of the feeble health of his wife. Hammond continued to edit it alone until November 7, 1850, when F. M. Caldwell returned from Virginia, and again purchased a half interest in the paper. They continued to edit
(729)
730
HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES.
it in partnership for several years, when they sold the paper to Augustus W. Simpson, who remained publisher of it until it ceased pub- lication in 1861, on account of the excitement incident to the war. In politics the paper was Whig until the year 1854, when the Whig party ceased to exist. It then became Democratic, and remained so until it ceased publication.
The next newspaper established was the Missouri Register, pub- lished by William T. Yeoman. The first number of it appeared in July, 1839. It was the first democratic paper published in western Mis- souri, and was established mainly to aid in the campaign of 1840. On the 22d day of April, 1841, Yeoman sold one-half interest in the paper to Edgar A. Robinson, and the paper continued to be published by Yeoman and Robinson until the 9th day of August, 1843, when Ira Van Nortwick purchased it from them. It was afterwards success- ively owned by Quisenberry, Price, Ward & Chilton, the last named of whom continued to publish it until the great temperance excitement broke out in 1853. The paper had previous to this time been taken up almost exclusively by political discussions, but it was then pur- chased by a man named Benjamiu F. Buie, who filled its columns ex- clusively with discussions in regard to the great question of temper- ance, which was then agitating the public mind. Buie soon sold out the paper to Allen Hammond, and soon after this the paper ceased publication for want of patronage.
During the heat of the campaign of 1840, the editors of the Mis- souri Register, Messrs. Ward & Chilton, started a weekly campaign sheet, which advocated the claims of Van Buren for president ; us soon as the campaign was over, and Van Buren defeated, the paper ceased publication. The name of this paper was the Boonville Argus.
The Coon Hunter was published by Ward & Shelton, in 1840. The next paper was the Democratic Union, established in the fall of 1844, and run by Blair & Chilton. Following this in succession in 1847, was a whig paper, called the Boonville Bulletin, published by Caldwell & Hammond. On the 31st of December, 1850, Messrs. Caldwell & Hammond, proprietors of the Boonville Observer, com- menced the publication of a sheet, called the Tri- Weekly Observer, which was printed three times a week. It was continued until March 8th, 1851. The Iris, a college magazine, was published in 1851. In 1852, the Central Missourian was started, but was soon discontinued. It was succeeded by the Boonville Missourian, in 1853, which occupied
731
HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES.
the same office. The paper was edited by A. C. Speer, who was a strong advocate of whig principles, and also a staunch friend of the temperance cause. The Ladies' Garland was started in 1856. The next paper was the Boonville Patriot, which was established by a man named John Gill, in the year 1856. It was afterwards sold to F. M. Caldwell, who continued to publish it until the year 1861, when the materials, presses, etc., belonging to the office were seized by Gen- eral Worthington, in command of some Federal forces at Jefferson City, and taken by him to the latter place. Soon afterwards, Lewis H. Stahl went to Jefferson City, and with the assistance of some of the most influential Federals, succeeded in getting possession of the material belonging to the office, which General Worthington had seized, and brought them back to Boonville. Immediately upon his return, Messrs. Caldwell & Stahl commenced the publication of the
Boonville Advertiser, the first number of which appeared on the 15th day of June, 1862. After publishing it for some time, they sold out to Messrs. Drury & Selby, who published the paper for a year or two, when Messrs. F. M. Caldwell & Co., again got possession of it, and continued proprietors of it until April, 1878. The editors of this paper, during this period, have been J. G. Pangborn, H. A. Hutch- ison, George W. Frame, Chas. E. Hasbrook, Judge Benjamin Tomp- kins and S. W. Ravenel.
On the 25th day of October, 1875, the proprietors of the Boon- ville Advertiser commenced the publication of a daily edition of the same, under the name of the Boonville Daily Advertiser. The Daily Advertiser was discontinued March 7, 1879. Mr. Ravenel took charge of the Advertiser in March, 1878, as manager and local editor, and on March 7, 1879, leased the paper, and has since been running it as manager and editor.
The Boonville Eagle, a weekly paper, was established in Septem- ber, 1865, by Milo Blair. On the 28th day of September, 1875, he took Charles H. Allen into partnership with him. In politics it has always been republican.
The Wachter Am Missouri, a paper published in the German language, was established in 1867, by L. Joachimi. It was purchased in 1874 by F. W. Ludwig, who changed its name to the Central Missourier. Haller is the present proprietor. In politics it is republican.
The Boonville News was started October 1, 1880, by A. B. Thorn- ton, who was afterwards killed. The paper has been continued by
732
HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES.
his wife, Mrs. M. O. Thornton, and her daughters. It is politically a greenback paper.
George W. Ferrell started the Boonville Weekly Topic, August 18, 1877, and after running it about eight months, F. M. Caldwell became owner. Caldwell published the paper alone till February 8, 1880, when A. B. Thornton purchased an interest. September 18, 1880, Colonel H. A. Hutchison bought Thornton's interest, the paper now being edited by Hutchison, and published by Caldwell & Hutchison - Caldwell as business manager. It is democratic in pol- itics.
The Pilot Grove Bee was established in 1882, the first number being issued the first week in September, by James Barton, who is now the editor and proprietor. It is a seven-column folio, and demo- cratic in politics.
In this history of the newspapers of Cooper county, we should not omit from the list the Shave Tail Courier, which deserves honor- able mention, because it was much esteemed by the old settlers of that day.
At an early day, Napoleon Beatty, quite an original character, lived eighteen miles west of Boonville, in Cooper county, on what was called Shave Tail creek. In that vicinity a store was located, the predominating articles of trade being tobacco and whiskey, the latter the matutinal drink of the old pioneer. Beatty was noted for his bonhommie, and was not only the recognized fiddler of the neighbor- hood where he resided, but was intensely fond of and well posted in all the rural games and sports of that day. During his early man- hood he was
" Iu wrestling nimble, in running swift; In shooting steady, in swimming strong.
Well made to strike, to leap, to throw or lift, And all the sports that shepherds are among."
His fiddle was his inseparable companion, and when spending an evening with friends, he had the happy faculty of discoursing to them the most delightful music, always accompanying his instrument with a unique and improvised song, which was replete with wise and start- ling hits and felicitous inuendoes, touching the vulnerability of some one or more of his entranced and rustic auditors.
Beatty was the sole editor and proprietor of the Shave Tail Cour- ier, which appeared, at regular intervals, in manuscript form. The happenings, the sayings and the doings of the neighborhood were faithfully gathered and garnered by this original chronicler, who read
733
HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES.
aloud his paper to his admirers, in his own inimitable style. If there occurred a dance in the locality, a record of it was made in the Courier. If a quilting party or a shooting match came off, the particulars were given in the Courier. If a wedding took place, the event was men- tioned in a recherche manner in the Courier. The bride was the spe- cial theme for highest eulogium, and the wedded pair elicited the warmest wishes for their future happiness. In fact, the Courier, like the good mirror, reflected not only the redoubtable editor's views of matters and things, but reflected as well, on popular subjects, the will of the people.
The following comprises the list of post-offices in Cooper county : -
POST-OFFICES.
Bell Air, Blackwater,
Lone Elm, New Palestine,
Boonville,
Otterville,
Bunceton,
Overton,
Clark's Fork,
Pilot Grove,
Clifton City, Gooch's Mill, Harriston, Lamine,
Pisgah,
Pleasant Green,
Prairie Home,
Vermont.
PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
The public schools were properly organized after the war of 1861, and have been gradually growing in favor, as their utility has been demonstrated year after year.
There are now (1883) no less than one hundred and two public school buildings in Cooper county, eighty-five of these for white children and sixteen for colored children. These schools are in charge of 100 white teachers and twenty colored teachers. The num- ber of white persons of school age, that is to say between six and twenty years - male, 3,256 ; female, 2,932 ; total, 6,188. Colored persons - male, 475 ; female, 454; total, 929 ; making a grand total of 7,117. The male teachers receive, on an average, about $40 per month, and the female teachers about $29 per month. The average number of pupils attending each day during the summer term was twenty-eight, the number attending the winter term was forty- two, the general average was thirty-five. The cost per day for tuition of each pupil is seven cents. The school property in the county is now valued at $75,000; the rate of tax levy per $100 is thirty-nine cents.
48
734
HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES.
Paid teachers, $21,685 ; for fuel, $768.63 ; for repairs and rent, $1,760.66 ; incidental expenses, $849.63 ; erection of houses and pur- chase of sites, $538; past indebtedness paid, $5,550.33; salary of district clerks, $557.50 ; unexpended funds, $7,958.18; tuition fees received, $47. In 1881 one teachers' institute was held at Pilot Grove, which continued in session two weeks. This institute was attended by forty teachers.
Township school fund - -
-
-
-
- $25,515 73
County school funds - -
-
-
-
- 5,751 86
Other special funds -
-
-
-
-
-
- 14,069 42
Total county, township and special funds -
- $45,337 01
Yearly receipts of fines, etc., $183, which amount has been trans- ferred to county fund.
The above is a precise and concise statement of the present con- dition of the public schools aud of the funds pertaining thereto.
APPORTIONMENTS TO COOPER COUNTY FROM THE DIFFERENT SCHOOL FUNDS.
Children in State Appor- Township Ap- County Appor- Total Appor-
County.
tionment.
portionment.
tionment.
tionment.
1854
-
3,850
$3,722 58
$1,154 14
$ 729 80
$5,606 52
1855
-
4,085
2,737 04
2,882 58
699 16
6,318 78
1856
-
-
4,185
3,246 70
699 46
264 80
4,210 96
1857
-
- 4,498
3,508 44
2,057 30
1,089 76
6,655 50
1858
4,787
3,350 90
2,450 47
1,214 50
7,015 87
1859
-
-
5,065
3,494 85
2,356 60
506 50
6,037 95
1860
-
5,068
3,461 88
2,740 21
362 01
6,564 10
1861
5,104
.
1,164 73
467 20
1,631 93
1863
3,698
2,992 27
521 36
3,513 83
1864
-
-
5,635
2,240 13
1,966 41
531 55
4,738 09
1865
3,971
2,816 26
1,165 58
3,981 84
1866
4,599
594 44
2,679 82
495 99
3,770 25
1867
5,024
2,416 81
1,002 90
3,419 71
1868
7,028
3,720 78
17,550 35
844 47
22,105 60
1869
7,177
4,148 31
1,876 21
1,066 14
7,090 63
1870
6,940
3,758 00
2,592 30
2,144 63
8,494 93
1871
-
7,198
4,747 03
3,113 48
2,385 10
9,245 61
1872
7,436
3,961 97
3,482 46
1,599 13
8,043 56
1873
.
3,901 19
2,428 76
2,407 58
8,737 53
1874
.....
4,477 89
2,684 64
3,633 95
10,796 48
1875
5,154 93
2,462 29
731 62
8,348 84
1876
-
-
6,211
4,796 52
2,421 69
638 40
7,856 11
1882
-
7,004
5,326 28
19,976 00
553 87
9,766 16
Year.
735
HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES.
In the above abstracts, from 1866 to 1882, both years inclusive, the number of colored children and the apportionment of the above funds to them, is included in that of the white children.
To the above may be added the railroad apportionment, $1, 976.25, for the year 1882 ; for 1883, the amount is $2,203.41.
ABSTRACT OF THE SCHOOL TAX BOOKS.
Year.
District Tax.
Township Tax.
Total Taxes.
1870
-
-
-
-
$39,343 89
$2,687 51
$42,031 40
1871
-
-
-
-
36,984 67
690 38
37,615 05
1872
-
-
56,313 25
56,313 25
1873
-
1
32,186 72
1,021 55
33,208 27
1874
-
29,155 19
410 55
29,565 74
1875
-
26,787 75
2,162 31
28,950 06.
1876
-
25,406 34
470 85
25,877 19
Previous to the year 1870, the school taxes were levied and col- lected by the different township clerks, so that the aggregate for years previous to 1870 cannot be given.
CHAPTER XV.
POLITICAL HISTORY.
First Elections - Names of Voters - Result of Election - Elections of May and August, 1820 - Election of August, 1822, 1824, 1825, 1826, 1828 - Change in the Political Aspect of Cooper County in 1840 - Whig Convention held at Rocheport - Henry Clay and James K. Polk Campaign Song - Whig Convention at Boonville in 1844 - Organiza- tion of Know-Nothing Party - Conventions of 1831-64 - Politics not entirely consid- ered at Elections during the first Thirty Years -Pro-Slavery Convention.
"Then none was for a party; Then all were for the state ; Then the great man helped the poor, And the poor man loved the great."
The first election after Cooper county was organized was held on the second day of August, 1819, to elect a delegate to congress from the territory of Missouri. John Scott and Samuel Hammond were the candidates. John Scott had 117 votes and Samnel Hammond 21 votes, making the total vote of the county 138.
The townships which voted at said election were Arrow Rock, Miami, Tabeaux and Lamine, which included the town of Boonville ; but the votes cast in Tabeaux township were thrown out, because the poll book of said township did not state for whom the votes were cast, and this poll book was not put on file with the others. Therefore, the only votes counted were those cast in the other three townships.
Robert P. Clark, county clerk, called to his aid James Bruffee and Benjamin F. Hickox, two justices of the peace, to assist him in counting the votes. As our readers may have some curiosity to know the names of those who voted at this first election, we give them as follows : -
ARROW ROCK TOWNSHIP.
William Jobe, William Hays, Simon Odle,
Samuel Clevenger, James Wilhite,
Jesse Voves,
Phavess Clevenger,
John Chapman,
Jack Clevenger, Baker Martin,
William Cooper,
William Jobe,
William White, Jacob Catoon,
James Anderson,
John Ingram, vote rejected.
(736)
737
HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES.
Judges of election were, James Anderson, William Cooper and William Jobe ; and clerks, John Ingram and James Wilhite.
MIAMI TOWNSHIP.
Andy Russell,
Daniel McDowell,
William Estes, Charles English,
John D. Thomas,
Henry Hide,
William Shaw,
William Warden,
Joel Nowlin,
William Gladin,
Christopher Martin,
John Evans, Jesse Gilliam.
The judges of election were, John D. Thomas, John Evans and Jesse Gilliam ; and clerks, Charles English and William Gladin.
LAMINE TOWNSHIP.
John H. Moore, Joseph Smith,
Job Self, William Bartlett,
Frederick Connor,
Jacob McFarland,
Andrew A. Reavis,
William Gibson, Humphrey Gibson, Stephen Cole, Jr., Muke Box, Jacob Eller.
William Savage,
James McCarty, Jr.,
Luke Williams,
Frederick Thomas,
William H. Curtis,
John Roberts,
Geo. Cathey, Sr.,
Asa Morgan,
William George, Sr.,
David Fine,
George Fennile,
James Snodgrass,
Joseph Byler,
Frederick Shirley,
Robert Wallace,
Joseph Westbrook, John Grover, Edward Carter, Abraham Shelly, Wm. Burk,
Wm. Snodgrass,
Peter Carpenter, Thomas Butcher, David McFarland, Alexander Brown, Jesse F. Roiston,
Nicholas McCarty, John Swearingen, George Potter, John Potter,
William Moore, James Turner, Jr., Robert P. Clark, Joseph Dillard. John J. Clark, John Hiburn, David Burress, Jr., Robert Boyd,
Dedrick Ewes, Samnel Smith, Jordan O'Bryan, Abraham Jobe,
Lewis Letney, Ephraim Marsh, Eli N. Henry, James Reid, James Hill, David Ward, Samnel Peters, Littleton Seat, James Scott, Drury Wallace,
Henry Estus,
738
HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES.
Joseph Cathey,
David Burress, Sr.,
George Cathey, Jr.,
Joseph Scott,
Levi Odeneal,
Mansfield Hatfield,
John Cathey,
John Ross,
Gabriel Tittsworth,
Wm. Deakins,
Stephen Cole, Sr.,
John Nunn,
Charles B. Mitchell,
Wm. H. Anderson,
James Long,
James Bruffee,
George Houx,
Eli Roberts,
Fleming F. Mitchell,
Charles Force,
John McClure,
John Miller,
David Trotter,
Larkin Dewitt,
Mathias Houx,
Peter Stephens,
William Chambers,
Joseph M. Bernard,
David McGee,
Samuel D. Reavis,
Thomas Rogers,
James A. Reavis,
James McCarty, Sr.,
Wm. Warden,
William Dillard,
Samuel Snodgrass,
Lawrence C. Stephens,
Delany Bowlin,
William D. Wilson,
Jacob Thomas, Sr.,
Nicholas M. Fain,
Wm. Bowlin,
Frederick Houx,
Ephraim Ellison,
Jacob Thomas, Jr.,
Benj. F. Hickox,
Nicholas Houx,
George Crawford,
Peyton Hurt,
John Savage.
Zepheniah Bell,
John Green, vote rejected, Hiram Musich, vote rejected,
Thomas Brown, vote rejected,
William Mitchell, vote rejected.
The judges of election were, James Bruffee, Benjamin F. Hickox and William McFarland ; and clerks, George Crawford and Wil- liam Ross.
It will be observed, that the first vote cast within the present limits of Cooper county, was cast by John H. Moore, who died many years ago ; and the fourth vote by William Gibson, who is the only one who voted at that election who is still alive, that is, so far as is known to the author. Yet this may be a mistake, as many of them, years ago, moved from this county, and have not been heard from since then, although they may still be alive. That election took place sixty-four years ago, therefore, a man would have to be, at the pres- ent day, eight-five years of age to have cast a legal vote then. The wives of but two of them are still living, viz. : Mrs. L. C. Stephens and Mrs. Frederick Houx.
The next election for delegates to the state convention, to frame a constitution for the state of Missouri, was held on the 1st, 2d, and
William Fraser,
William McFarland,
Anderson Demesters,
William Ross,
739
HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES.
3d days of May, 1820. The following was the result in this county : Robert P. Clark received 557 votes ; Robert Wallace, 395; William Lillard, 400; Charles Woods, 295; Richard W. Cummins, 359; Robert Johnson 106; Robert Fristoe, 97; Henry Rennick, 91; George Sibley, 45 ; Peyton Nowlin, 31 ; Julius Emmons, 2; William Ross, 11.
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