USA > Missouri > Cooper County > History of Howard and Cooper counties, Missouri : written and compiled from the most authentic official and private sources, including a history of its townships, towns, and villages : together with a condensed history of Missouri, a reliable and detailed history of Howard and Cooper counties-- its pioneer record, resources, biographical sketches of prominent citizens, general and local statistics of great value, incidents and reminiscences > Part 9
USA > Missouri > Howard County > History of Howard and Cooper counties, Missouri : written and compiled from the most authentic official and private sources, including a history of its townships, towns, and villages : together with a condensed history of Missouri, a reliable and detailed history of Howard and Cooper counties-- its pioneer record, resources, biographical sketches of prominent citizens, general and local statistics of great value, incidents and reminiscences > Part 9
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The French settled Canada and the northwestern part of the
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HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES.
United States, as well as the country about the mouths of the Missis- sippi river. They came into the upper Mississippi and Missouri valleys in 1764, under the lead of Pierre Laclede Liguest, who held a charter from the French government, giving him the exclusive right of trade with the Indians in all the country as far north as St. Peter's river. Laclede established his colony in St. Louis in 1764, and from this point they immediately began their trading and trapping excur- sions into the unbroken wilderness. Their method of proceeding was to penetrate into the interior and establish small local posts for trad- ing with the Indians, whence the trappers and hunters were outfitted and sent out into the adjacent woods. In this way, the country west and northwest of St. Louis was traversed and explored at a very early day, as far west as the Rocky mountains. But of the extent of their operations, but little has been recorded ; hence, but little is known of the posts established by them.
That these daring Frenchmen had explored that portion of Howard county lying contiguous to the Missouri river, even prior to the year 1800, there can be no doubt ; that there existed within the present limits of the county a trading post, for several years before its settle- ment proper, there can be no doubt. The names of the streams, such as Bonne Femme, Moniteau, etc., attest the fact that they were of French origin, and had been seen and named by the French pioneers.
Levens and Drake, in their condensed but carefully prepared his- tory of Cooper county, say : " While Nash and his companions were in Howard county (1804), they visited Barclay's and Boone's Licks, also a trading post situated about two miles northwest of Old Frank- lin, kept by a white man by the name of Prewitt. The existence of this trading post, and the fact that ' Barclay's and Boone's Licks' had already received their names from the white persons who visited them, show conclusively that this portion of the country had been explored, even before this, by Americans. But no history mentions this trading post, nor does any give the name of Prewitt ; hence, we are unable to determine when he came to the Boone's Lick country, how long he remained, and where he went ; he evidently left before the year 1808, as Benjamin Cooper, who moved to Howard county in that year, said there was then no settlement in this part of the state." Boone's Lick, from which this region of country took its name, is sit- uated about eight miles northwest of New Franklin, in Boone's Lick township, on section 4, T. 49, R. 17, on land owned by William N. Marshall. This place was visited by Daniel Boone at an early date,-
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HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES.
the time not known. Here he found several salt springs, and as such places were frequented by deer and other game, he not only often hunted in the neighborhood, but, according to John M. Peck, who visited the old hunter at his home in St. Charles county, a few years prior to his death, pitched his camp there for one winter and put up a cabin. Mr. Peck does not give the date. The presumption is that he got his information from the lips of the old hunter himself, and we would further suppose that he camped there between the years 1795 and 1807 ; nearer the former than the latter date, for the reason that he was at that time younger and more robust, and more inclined to enjoy sylvan sports. The first authentic record we have npon the subject of a settlement, in what is now known as Howard county, dates back to the year 1800 (see first deed, chap. III, this book ), when Joseph Marie deeded a traet of land described by survey to Asa Morgan. Joseph Marie settled upon said land in the year 1800, where he made improvements. This land was situated near what is known as " Eagle's Nest," abont one mile southwest of where Fort Kincaid was afterwards erected, in what is now Franklin township. In 1800, Charles Dehault Delassus, lieutenant-governor of Upper Louisiana, granted Ira P. Nash a large tract of land in the present limits of Howard county. This land was surveyed on the 26th of Jannary, 1804, and certified to on the 15th day of February, of that year.
The next Americans, of whom we have any definite knowledge, as to the date of their coming to Howard county, were Ira P. Nash, above named, a deputy United States surveyor, Stephen Hancock and Stephen Jackson, who came up the Missouri river in the month of February, 1804. These men located a claim on the publie lands of Howard county, nearly opposite to the mouth of the La Mine river. They remained there until the month of March, in the same year, employing their time in surveying, hunting, and fishing ; and during that month they returned to their homes, which were situated on the Missouri river, about twenty-five miles above St. Charles.
In July, 1804, Ira P. Nash, in company with William Nash, James H. Whitesides, William Clark, and Daniel Hubbard, again came into what is now Howard county, and surveyed a tract of land near the present site of Old Franklin. On this second trip, Mr. Nash elaimed, when he came up the river the February before, he had left a compass in a certain hollow tree, and started out with two compan- ions to find it, agreeing to meet the remainder of the company the
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HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES.
next day at Barclay's Lick, which he did, bringing the compass with him, thus proving, beyond a doubt, that he had visited the country before.
Lewis and Clarke, on their exploring expedition across the Rocky mountains, and down the Columbia river to the Pacific ocean, arrived at the month of the Bonne Femme, in Howard county, on the 7th day of June, 1804, and camped for the night. When they arrived at the mouth of the " Big Moniteau creek," they found a point of rocks covered with hieroglyphic paintings, but the large number of rattle- snakes, which they found there, prevented a close examination of the place. Continuing their way up the river, they arrived at the mouth of the Lamine on the 8th of the same month, and on the 9th at Arrow Rock.
When they returned from their journey in 1806, after having successfully accomplished all the objects for which they were sent out, they passed down the Missouri river, and camped, on the 18th of September, in Howard county, opposite to the mouth of the La Mine river. And, as they journeyed down the river on that day, they must have passed the present site of Boonville and Franklin early on the morning of the 19th of September, 1806.
The next evidence we have of any white persons being in the Boone's Lick country, is the following :-
In 1807, Nathan and Daniel M. Boone, sons of old Daniel Boone, who lived with their father in what is now St. Charles county, about twenty-five miles west of the city of St. Charles, on the Femme Osage creek, came up the Missouri river and manufactured salt at Boone's Lick, in Howard county. After they had manufactured a considera- ble amount, they shipped it down the river to St. Louis, where they sold it. It is thought by many that this was the first instance of salt being manufactured in what was at that time a part of the territory of Louisiana, now the state of Missouri. Though soon after, salt was manufactured in large quantities -" salt licks" being discovered in many parts of the state. Although these were the first white persons who remained for any length of time in the Boone's Lick country, they were not permanent settlers, as they only came to make salt, and left as soon as they had finished.
Previous to the year 1808, every white American who came to the Boone's Lick country, came with the intention of only remaining there a short time. Three parties had entered it while on exploring and surveying expeditions ; two parties had been to its fine salt licks
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HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES.
to make salt ; and, no doubt, many of the adventurous settlers living in the eastern part of this state, had often, on their hunting expedi- tions, pierced the trackless forest to the Boone's Lick country ; but, of course, there is no record of these, hence, those expeditions of which there is a record, are placed as being the first to this part of the country, when, in reality, they may not be.
But in 1808, in the spring, one adventurous spirit determined to forsake what appeared to him to be the too thickly settled portion of the state, and move farther west to the more pleasant solitudes of the uninhabited forest. In the spring of that year, Colonel Benjamin Cooper and his family, consisting of his wife and five sons, moved to the Boone's Lick country, and located in what is now Howard county, about two miles south west of Boone's Lick, in the Missouri river bottom. Here he built him a cabin, cleared a piece of ground, and commenced arrangements to make a permanent settlement at that place. But he was not permitted to remain long at his new home. Governor Merriwether Lewis, at that time governor of the territory, issued an order directing him to return below the mouth of the Gas- conade river, as he was so far advanced into the Indian country, and so far away from protection, that in case of an Indian war he would be unable to protect him. So he returned to Loutre island, about four miles south of the Gasconade river, where he remained until the year 1810.
The rich territory, however, was not destined to be left forever to the reign of wild beasts and savage Indians. Aside from the fact that the character of the men of the early days caused them contin- ually to revolt against living in thiekly settled communities, the Boone's Lick country presented advantages, which those seeking a home where they could find the richest of lands and the most health- ful of climate, could not, and did not, fail to perceive. Its fertile soil promised, with little labor, the most abundant harvests. Its forests were filled with every variety of game, and its streams with all kinds of fish. Is it a wonder, then, that those seeking homes where these things could be found, should select and settle first the rich lands of Cooper and Howard counties, risking all the dangers from the Indians, who lived in great numbers close around them? Two years after the settlement of Benjamin Cooper, and his removal to Lontre island, the first lasting settlement was made in the Boone's Lick country, and this party was but the forerunner of many others, who soon followed, and in little more than one-half of a century, have
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ILISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES.
thickly settled one of the richest and most attractive parts of the state of Missouri.
The names of the parties who settled north of the river, in How- ard county, were :
From Madison County, Ky. :-
Lieut .- Col. Benjamin Cooper.
John Berry. Robert Erwin.
Francis Cooper.
Robert Brown.
Daniel Cooper.
Joseph Wolfskill.
John Cooper.
William Thorp.
Capt. Sarshall Cooper.
John Thorp.
Braxton Cooper, Sr.
Josiah Thorp.
Joseph Cooper.
James Thorp.
Gilead Rupe.
Stephen Cooper. Braxton Cooper, Jr. Robert Cooper.
James Jones.
John Peak.
James Hancock.
William Wolfskill.
Albert Hancock.
Adam Woods.
William Berry.
From Estill County, Ky. :-
Amos Ashcraft.
Jesse Ashcraft.
Otho Asheraft.
James Alexander.
From Tennessee :- John Ferrell.
Robert Hancock.
Henry Ferrell.
From Virginia :-- James Kile.
From South Carolina :- Gray Bynun.
From Georgia :- Stephen Jackson.
From Ste. Genevieve :- Peter Popineau. Previous Residence Unknown :-
John Bushy. James Anderson.
Middletown Anderson. William Anderson.
The women belonging to these families did not arrive until the following July or August. We do not pretend to say these men were all of the early settlers who came in 1810. There were, per- haps, a few others, but the names we have given embrace nearly the
William Cooper.
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HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES.
entire number who emigrated in the colony with Colonel Benjamin Cooper, in the spring of that year. After their arrival in this " land of promise," they immediately began the erection of their houses, all of which were single or double log cabins, and to prepare for farming by clearing and fencing small "patches" of ground. As a general thing, they settled in and near the Missouri river bottom. They knew that the country was full of Indians, and that these were liable at any time to begin their murderons assaults upon the whites, hence, they located in neighborhoods, where, in case of danger, they could render each other timely aid. That portion of Howard county, which is now embraced in Franklin and Boone's Lick townships, was the first settled.
When the settlers first came to this county, wild game of all kinds was very abundant, and so tame as not to be easily frightened at the approach of white men. This game furnished the settlers with all their meat, and, in fact, with all the provisions they used, for most of the time, they had but little else than meat. There were large numbers of deer, turkeys, elk, and other large animals, and, to use the expression of an old settler, " they could be killed as easily as sheep are now killed in our pastures." The settlers spent most of their time in hunting and fishing, as it was no use to plant crops to be destroyed by wild game. Small game, such as squirrels, rabbits, partridges, etc., swarmed around the homes of the frontiersmen in such numbers that when they did attempt to raise a crop of any kind, in order to save a part of it, they were forced to kill them in large numbers.
Not only were the settlers and their families thus well provided with food by nature, but also their animals were furnished with everything necessary to their well being. The range was so good during the whole year, that their stock lived without being fed by their owners. Even when the ground was covered with snow, the animals, taught by instinct, would in a few minutes paw from under the snow enough grass to last them all day. Their only use of corn, of which they planted very little, was to make bread, and bread made of corn was the only kind they ever had.
During the two succeeding years ( 1811 and 1812 ), quite a number of emigrants had taken up their line of march for the Boone's Lick country. Many of these included families of wealth, culture, and re- finement, who left their well furnished homes and life-long friends in the east, to take up their abode among the savages and wild beasts of the western wilderness. Scarcely, however, had they reached their
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HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES.
destination, when they heard the dim mutterings which foreshadowed a long and bloody conflict with the Indians, who had been induced by the emissaries of the British government to unite with Great Britain in her attempt to defeat the United States of America.
OLD SETTLERS ERECT FORTS. .
Being fully convinced that the Indians were making preparations to attack the settlements along the Missouri river, they determined to be ready to receive them properly when they did appear, and to this end, began the erection of three forts in Howard county, bearing the names respectively, of Fort Cooper, Fort Hempstead, and Fort Kin- caid. Fort Cooper was located about two miles southwest of Boone's Liek. Fort Kincaid was east southeast, about nine miles distant, and about one mile north of the present Boonville railroad bridge. Fort Hempstead was abont one and a half miles north of Fort Kin- caid. Each fort was a series of log houses, built together around an enclosure. In each house lived a family, and the stock was corraled, and the property of the settlers secured at night in the enclosure. There were other smaller forts, but the above were the most important. Immediately after the erection of these forts, the pioneers organized themselves into a military company, with Sarshall Cooper as captain ; first lieutenant, William McMahon ; second lieutenant, John Monroe ; ensign, Benjamin Cooper, Ir.
SERGEANTS.
1st. John McMurray.
2d. Samuel McMahan.
3d. Adam Woods.
4th. Davis Todd.
5th. John Mathis.
CORPORALS.
1st. Andrew Smith. 4th. John Bushy.
2d. Thomas Vaughan.
5th. James Barnes.
3d. James McMahan. 6th. Jesse Ashcraft.
The above were the officers chosen by their comrades and neigh- bors, to command the company, which consisted of 112 men, who were able to bear arms. The following list comprises all the men and boys who were in the different forts :-
FORT COOPER.
James Alexander. James Anderson. Middleton Anderson.
Frederick Hyatt. Robert Irvine. David Jones.
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HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES.
William Anderson.
Gray Bymm. John Bushy. Robert Brown.
George Jackson. Stephen Jackson. James Jackson.
Samuel Brown.
Benjamin Cooper.
Sarshall Cooper.
Frank Cooper.
William Cooper.
William McMahan.
David Cooper.
John O'Bannon. Thomas O'Bannon.
John Cooper.
Braxton Cooper.
Judiah Osmond.
Joseph Cooper.
Samuel Perry. William Read.
Stephen Cooper.
Robert Cooper.
Benoni Sappington.
Henly Cooper.
John Sappington. James Sappington.
Patrick Cooper.
Jesse Cox.
Daniel Tillman.
Solomon Cox.
John Thorp.
John Ferrill.
William Thorp.
Henry Ferrill.
Samuel Turley.
Edward Good.
Stephen Turley.
Harmon Gregg.
Ezekiel Williams.
William Gregg.
Thomas Wasson.
David Gregg.
Joseph Wasson. Adam Woods.
Robert Heath.
Robert Hancock.
William Wolfskill.
Abbott Hancock. Josiah Higgins.
Joseph Wolfskill. William Wolfskill, Jr.
FORT HEMPSTEAD.
George Alcorn. James Alcorn. William Allen. John Arnold. Price Arnold. Joseph Austin. John Austin. Robert Austin. William Baxter. Big Berry.
William Grooms.
Alfred Ilead. Moses Ilead.
Robert Hinkson.
John James. James Jones.
Abner Johnson. Noah Katew. Joseph McLane. William McLane.
John Jones. Jesse Jones.
Samuel McMahan. Thomas McMahan. James McMahan.
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HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES.
John Berry. William Berry.
David Boggs. Joseph Boggs. Muke Box.
Joseph Boyers. Robert Brown.
Samuel Brown.
William Brown.
Townsend Brown.
Christopher Brown.
Christopher Burckhartt.
Nicholas S. Burckhartt.
Andrew Carson.
Lindsay Carson ( father of Kit Carson ). Moses Carson.
Charles Canole. William Canole.
Isaac Clark.
Joseph Cooley. James Cooley.
Ferrin Cooley.
Braxton Cooper, Jr.
James Cockrell.
Thomas Chandler.
James Creason. John Creason.
Peter Creason.
William Creason.
Daniel Crump. Harper Davis. James Douglas. Daniel Durbin.
John Elliott.
Braxton Fugate. Hiram Fugate. Reuben Fugate. Sarshall Fugate. Simeon Fugate. Reuben Gentry.
Ewing McLane. David McQuitly. William Monroe (called Long Gun). Joseph Moody. Susan Mullens.
Thompson Mullens. John Peak.
William Pipes.
Michael Poage.
Robert Poage.
Joseph Poage.
Christopher Richardson.
Jesse Richardson.
James Richardson.
Silas Richardson.
John Rupe.
Henry Simmons.
Reuben Smith.
Andrew Smith.
Thomas Smith.
John Snethan.
James Snethan.
Joseph Still.
John Stinson.
Nathan Teague.
Solomon Teters.
David Teters.
John Teters.
Isaac Thornton.
John Thornton.
Davis Todd.
Elisha Todd.
Jonathan Todd.
Levi Todd.
James Turner. Philip Turner. Jesse Turner.
Thomas Vaughan.
Robert Wilds.
William Wadkins.
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HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES.
Samuel Gibbs. Abner Grooms. John Grooms.
James Whitley. Benjamin Young. John Yarnell.
FORT KINCAID.
Amos Ashcraft.
Eusebius Hubbard.
Jesse Ashcraft.
Joseph Jolly.
Otho Ashcraft.
David Kincaid.
Amos Barnes.
Matthew Kincaid.
Aquilla Barnes.
John Kincaid. John McMurray.
Abraham Barnes.
James Barnes.
Adam McCord.
John Barnes.
Daniel Monroe.
Shadrach Barnes.
John Monroe.
Robert Barclay.
John Mathis.
Francis Berry.
William Nash.
Campbell Bolen.
John Pursley.
Delany Bolen.
William Ridgeway.
William Brazil.
William Robertson.
David Burris.
Edward Robertson.
Henry Burris.
Gilead Rupe.
Reuben Cornelius.
Enoch Taylor.
Pryor Duncan.
Isaac Taylor.
Stephen Fields.
William Taylor.
John Fields.
Enoch Turner.
Cornelius Gooch.
Giles Williams.
Thomas Gray.
Britton Williams.
John Hines.
Francis Wood.
Daniel Hubbard.
Henry Weeden.
Asaph Hubbard.
Life in the forts was not one of idleness and ease. It was one of vigilance and activity for two or three years. The settlers were de- prived of many of the comforts and pleasures which are enjoyed by the people of to-day. They had but little labor-saving machinery, and what they had was imperfect and inefficient. School was taught, and religious services were held in the forts. The forts were also supplied with mills and looms. The first cog-wheel horse-mill erected in the county was at Fort Kincaid in 1815; the next one was put up at Fort Hempstead. After the Indian troubles were over, people came twenty miles to these mills. The first cloth made in
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HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES.
the county ( in the forts ) was manufactured from a poisonous plant, which was indigenous to the country, and known as the nettle, which was covered with sharp, brittle hairs. This cloth was used for pants and shirts for summer wear. In the winter, buckskin hunting-shirts and pants were worn.
The low flats along the river, creeks and branches were covered with a thick growth of nettles about three feet high, sometimes stand- ing in patches of twenty acres or more. These were permitted to remain standing until they became decayed in the winter, when they were gathered. They were then broken np, spun into long strings, and woven into cloth, from which the garments were made. This would be a very tedious job at the present day, when a lady's dress requires from twenty to thirty yards of cloth ; but in those old times five or six yards was as much as was ever put into a dress. Little children usually wore a long leathern shirt over their tow shirt. For several years during the early settlement of this country, the men and women wore garments made out of the same kind of material. The first dry goods were sold by Robert Morris, at the forts, in 1815. The number of men, as we have already stated, able to bear arms, was 112, which represented a population of between 500 and 600, who were then living within the present limits of Howard county. A few, perhaps, had returned to their former homes, or had moved further down the river in the direction of Loutre island and St. Louis, upon the eve of the anticipated Indian hostilities, but the great majority of the pioneers, had come to stay, and not a few of these attested their devotion to their new found homes by the sacrifice of their property and their lives to the cupidity and ferocity of savage foes.
CHAPTER II.
What Treated of in Preceding Chapter - This Chapter - The War Clouds - Indians - First Victims-James Cole and James Davis Sent on Scouting Expedition - Summer of 1812- Campbell Killed by Indians- Colonel Benjamin Cooper and General Dodge - Spring of 1813- Killing of Braxton Cooper - Joseph Still - William McLane - Captain Sarshall Cooper - Joe - Peace.
In the preceding chapter, we attempted to trace the early history of that portion of the Boone's Lick country, now known as Howard county. We began with the date of the coming of the earliest adven- turer of whom any history makes mention ; we spoke of the first settlements, giving the names of the earliest pioneers, and their former residences ; of their attempt to prepare for living in the west- ern wilds, during the two years that followed their arrival ; of their building forts, and of their taking possession of these with their fam- ilies, their goods, and their chattels.
It is now our province, as a historian, to relate in chronological order as nearly as we can, the events that followed, which, if I mis- take not, will constitute one of the saddest, yet brightest chapters in the history of Howard county. It will be the saddest, because it will tell of arson, of plunder, of butchery, and of that merciless mode of warfare to which the cunning savage was so well adapted, and in which he was so well skilled. It will be the brightest, because it will tell of deeds of noble daring, of fidelity to duty, and the final triumph of those who were immured for three long years within the narrow limits of their beleaguered forts.
In the spring of 1812, the war clouds which had hitherto given every indication of the coming storm, had at length unfurled their black banners in every part of the political sky. Great Britain had again " loosed her dogs of war," and with gigantic strides, was at- tempting to trample upon the most sacred rights of a free people. Calling to her aid, in the war against the American colonies, the hire- ling Hessian, she now inspired the blood-thirsty savage to espou se her cause against the unprotected whites, who were then dwelling upon the extreme frontier of the great west. These hostile Indians began their work of death in the spring of 1812, and were mostly Sacs and Foxes, Kickapoos and Pottawatomies.
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HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES.
Their first victims in the Boone's Lick country, were Jonathan Todd and Thomas Smith, who were living at the time in Fort Hemp- stead, but had gone down the river to hunt a stray horse, which had escaped from the fort. While upon their errand the Indians attacked them, not far from the present line between Howard and Boone counties, near Thrall's prairie, and after a long struggle, in which several Indians were killed, Todd and Smith were slain. The savages, after killing them, cut off their heads and cut out their hearts, and placed them by the side of the road on poles.
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