USA > Missouri > Grundy County > The History of Grundy County, Missouri : an encyclopedia of useful information, and a compendium of actual facts > Part 6
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Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
N. LYON,
Capt. 2d Infantry, Commanding Troops.
May 10, 1861. Camp Jackson surrendered and prisoners all released except- ing Capt. Emmet McDonald, who refused to subscribe the parole.
May 12, 1861. Brigadier-General Wm. S. Harney issued a proclamation to the people of Missouri, saying " he would carefully abstain from the exercise of any unnecessary powers," and only use " the military force stationed in this dis- trict in the last resort to preserve peace."
May 14, 1861. General Harney issued a second proclamation.
May 21, 1861. General Harney held a conference with General Sterling Price of the Missouri State Guards.
May 31, 1861. General Harney superseded by General Lyon.
June 11, 1861. A second conference was held between the National and State authorities in St. Louis, which resulted in nothing.
June 11, 1 61. Gov. Jackson left St. Louis for Jefferson City, burning the railroad bridges behind him, and cutting telegraph wires.
June 12, 1861. Governor Jackson issued a proclamation calling into active service 50,000 militia, " to repel invasion, protect life, property, etc."
June 15, 1861. Col. F. P. Blair took possession of the State Capital, Gov. Jackson, Gen. Price and other officers having left on the 13th of June for Boon- ville.
June 17, 1861. Battle of Boonville took place between the forces of Gen. Lyon and Col. John S. Marmaduke.
June 18, 1861. General Lyon issued a proclamation to the people of Mis- souri.
July 5, 1861. Battle at Carthage between the forces of Gen. Sigel and Gov. Jackson.
July 6, 1861. Gen. Lyon reached Springfield.
July 22, 1861. State convention met and declared the offices of Governor, Lieutenant-Governor and Secretary of State vacated.
July 26, 1861. Gen. John C. Fremont assumed command of the Western Department, with headquarters in St. Louis.
July 31, 1861. Lieutenant-Governor Thomas C. Reynolds, issued a procla- mation at New Madrid.
August 1, 1861. General Jeff. Thompson issued a proclamation at Bloom- field.
August 2, 1861. Battle of Dug Springs, between Captain Steele's forces and General Rains.
August 5, 1861. Governor Jackson issued a proclamation at New Madrid.
August 5, 1861. Battle of Athens.
August 10, 1861. Battle of Wilson's Creek, between the forces under Gen- eral Lyon and General McCulloch. In this engagement General Lyon was killed. General Sturgis succeeded General Lyon.
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HISTORY OF MISSOURI.
August 12, 1864. McCulloch issued a proclamation, and soon left Missouri.
August 20, 1864. General Price issued a proclamation.
August 24, 1861. Governor Gamble issued a proclamation calling for 32,000 men for six months to protect the property and lives of the citizens of the State.
August 30, 1861. General Fremont declared martial law, and declared that the slaves of all persons who should thereafter take an active part with the enemies of the Government should be free.
September 2, 1861. General Jeff. Thompson issued a proclamation in re- sponse to Fremont's proclamation.
September 7, 1861. Battle at Drywood creek.
September 11, 1861. President Lincoln modified the clause in Gen. Fre- mont's declaration of martial law, in reference to the confiscation of property and liberation of slaves.
September 12, 1861. General Price begins the attack at Springfield on Colo- nel Mulligan's forces.
September 20, 1861.
Colonel Mulligan with 2,640 men surrendered.
October 25, 1861. Second battle at Springfield.
November 2, 1861. General Fremont succeeded by General David Hunter.
November 7, 1861. General Grant attacked Belmont.
November 9, 1861. General Hunter succeeded by General Halleck, who took command on the 19th of same month, with headquarters in St. Louis.
November 27, 1861. General Price issued proclamation calling for 50,000 men, at Neosho, Missouri.
December 12, 1861. General Hunter issued his order of assessment upon cer - tain wealthy citizens in St. Louis, for feeding and clothing Union refugees.
December 23-25. Declared martial law in St. Louis and the country adja- cent, and covering all the railroad lines. March 6, 1862. Battle at Pea Ridge between the forces under Generals Curtis and Van Dorn.
January 8, 1862. Provost Marshal Farrar, of St. Louis, issued the following order in reference to newspapers :
OFFICE OF THE PROVOST MARSHAL, GENERAL DEPARTMENT OF MISSOURI. ST. LOUIS, January 8, 1862.
(General Order No. 10.)
It is hereby ordered that from and after this date the publishers of newspapers in the State of Missouri, (St. Louis City papers excepted), furnish to this office, immediately upon publication, one copy of each issue, for inspection. A failure to comply with this order will render the newspaper liable to suppression.
Local Provost Marshals will furnish the proprietors with copies of this order, and attend to its immediate enforcement.
BERNARD G. FARRAR, Provost Marshal General.
January 26, 1862. General Halleck issued order (No. 18) which forbade, among other things, the display of Secession flags in the hands of women or on carriages, in the vicinity of the military prison in McDowell's College, the carriages to be confiscated and the offending women to be arrested.
February 4, 1862. General Halleck issued another order similar to Order No. 18, to railroad companies and to the professors and directors of the State Univer- sity at Columbia, forbidding the funds of the institution to be used "to teach treason or to instruct traitors."
February 20, 1862. Special Order No. 120 convened a military commission, which sat in Columbia, March following, and tried Edinund J. Ellis, of Columbia,
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HISTORY OF MISSOURI.
editor and proprietor of "The Boone County Standard," for the publication of information for the benefit of the enemy, and encouraging resistance to the United States Government. Ellis was found guilty, was banished during the war from Missouri, and his printing materials confiscated and sold.
April, 1862. General Halleck left for Corinth, Mississippi, leaving General Schofield in command.
June, 1862. Battle at Cherry Grove between the forces under Colonel Jos. C. Porter and Colonel H. S. Lipscomb.
June, 1862. Battle at Pierce's Mill between the forces under Major John Y. Clopper and Colonel Porter.
July 22, 1862. Battle at Florida.
July 28, 1862. Battle at Moore's Mill.
August 6, 1862. Battle near Kirksville.
August 11, 1862. Battle at Independence.
August 16, 1862. Battle at Lone Jack.
September 13, 1862. Battle at Newtonia.
September 25, 1862. Ten Confederate prisoners were executed at Macon by order of General Merrill.
October 18, 1862. Ten Confederate prisoners executed at Palmyra by order of General McNeill.
January 8, 1863. Battle at Springfield between the forces of General Mar- maduke and General E. B. Brown.
April 26, 1863.
Battle at Cape Girardeau.
August -, 1863. General Jeff. Thompson captured at Pocahontas, Arkan- sas, with his staff. August 25, 1863. General Thomas Ewing issued his celebrated Order No. II, at Kansas City, Missouri, which is as follows :
HEADQUARTERS DISTRICT OF THE BORDER, KANSAS CITY MO., August 25, 1863.
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(General Order No. II.)
First .- All persons living in Cass, Jackson and Bates counties, Missouri, and in that part of Vernon included in this district, except those. living within one mile of the limits of Independence, Hickman's Mills, Pleasant Hill and Harrison . ville, and except those in that part of Kaw township, Jackson county, north of Brush Creek and west of the Big Blue, embracing Kansas City and Westport, are hereby ordered to remove from their present places of residence within fifteen days from the date hereof.
Those who, within that time, establish their loyalty to the satisfaction of the commanding officer of the military station nearest their present places of residence, will receive from him certificates stating the fact of their loyalty, and the names of the witnesses by whom it can be shown. All who receive such certificate will be permitted to remove to any military station in this district, or to any part of the State of Kansas, except the counties on the eastern borders of the State. All others shall remove out of this district. Officers commanding companies and detach- ments serving in the counties named, will see that this paragraph is promptly obeyed.
Second .- All grain and hay in the field, or under shelter, in the district from which the inhabitants are required to remove within reach of military stations, after the 9th day of September next, will be taken to such stations and turned over to the proper officer there, and report of the amount so turned over made to district headquarters, specifying the names of all loyal owners and the amount of such produce taken from them. All grain and hay found in such district after the 9th day of September next, not convenient to such stations, will be destroyed.
Third .- The provisions of General Order No. 10, from these headquarters,
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HISTORY OF MISSOURI.
will at once be vigorously executed by officers commanding in the parts of the district, and at the stations not subject to the operations of paragraph First of this Order-and especially in the towns of Independence, Westport and Kansas City.
Fourth -Paragraph 3, General Order No. 10, is revoked as to all who have borne arms against the government in the district since August 20, 1863.
By order of Brigadier-General Ewing.
H. HANNAHS, Adjutant.
October 12-13, Battle of Arrow Creek.
January, 1864, General Rosecrans takes command of the Department. September, 1864, Battle at Pilot Knob, Harrison and Little Morceau River. October 5, 1864, Battle at Prince's Ford and James Gordon's farm.
October 8, 1864, Battle at Glasgow.
October 20, 1864, Battle at Little Blue Creek.
September 27, 1864, Massacre at Centralia, by Captain Bill Anderson.
October 27, 1864, Capt. Anderson killed.
December -, 1864, General Rosecrans relieved, and General Dodge ap- pointed to succeed him.
Nothing occurred specially, of a military character, in the State after Decem- ber, 1864. We have, in the main, given the facts as they occurred without com- ment or entering into details. Many of the minor incidents and skirmishes of the war have been omitted because of our limited space.
It is utterly impossible, at this date, to give the names and dates of all the battles fought in Missouri during the civil war. It will be found, however, that the list given below, which has been arranged for convenience, contains the prominent battles and skirmishes which took place within the State :
Potosi, May 14, 1861.
Boonville, June 17, 1861.
Carthage, July 5, 1861.
Monroe Station, July 10, 1861.
Overton's Run, July 17, 1861.
Dug Spring, August 2, 1861.
Wilson's Creek, August 9, 1861.
Athens, August 5, 1861. Moreton, August 20, 1861.
Bennett's Mills, September -, 1861.
Drywood Creek, September 7, 1861. Norfolk, September 10, 1861.
Lexington, September 12-20, 1861.
Blue Mills Landing, September 17, 1861.
Glasgow Mistake, September 20, 1861.
Osceola, September 25, 1861.
Shanghai, Oct. 13, 1861.
Lebanon, Oct. 13, 1861. Linn Creek, Oct. 15, 1861.
Big River Bridge, Oct, 15, 1861.
Fredericktown, Oct. 21, 1861.
Springfield, Oct. 25, 1861. Belmont, Nov. 7, 1861.
Piketon, Nov. 8, 1861.
Little Blue, Nov. 10, 1861. Clark's Station, Nov. 11, 1861. Zion Church, Dec. 28, 1871.
Silver Creek, Jan. 15, 1862. New Madrid, Feb. 28, 1862.
Pea Ridge, March 6, 1862.
Neosho, April 22, 1862.
Rose Hill, July 10, 1862.
Chariton River, July 30, 1862.
Cherry Grove, June -, 1862.
Pierces Mill, June -, 1862.
Florida, July 22, 1862.
Moore's Mill, July 28, 1862. Kirksville, Aug. 6, 1862.
Compton's Ferry, Aug 8, 1862.
Yellow Creek, Aug. 13, 1862.
Independence, Aug. 11, 1862.
Lone Jack, Aug. 16, 1862.
Newtonia, Sept. 13, 1862. Springfield, Jan. 8, 1863.
Cape Girardeau, April 29, 1863.
Arrow Rock, Oct 12 and 13, 1863.
Pilot Knob, Sept. - , 1864. Harrison, Sept. - , 1864. Moreau River, Oct. 7, 1864.
Prince's Ford, Oct. 5, 1864. Glasgow, Oct. 8, 1864. Little Blue Creek, Oct. 20, 1864.
Albany, Oct. 27, 1864. Near Rocheport, Sept. 23, 1864. Centralia, Sept. 27, 1864.
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HISTORY OF MISSOURI.
CHAPTER IX. EARLY MILITARY RECORD.
Black Hawk War-Mormon Difficulties-Florida War-Mexican War.
On the 14th day of May, 1832, a bloody engagement took place between the regular forces of the United States, and a part of the Sacs, Foxes, and Winneba- goe Indians, commanded by Black Hawk and Keokux, near Dixon's Ferry in Illinois.
The Governor (John Miller) of Missouri, fearing these savages would invade the soil of his State, ordered Major-General Richard Gentry to raise one thou- sand volunteers for the defense of the frontier. Five companies were at once raised in Boone county, and in Callaway, Montgomery, St. Charles, Lincoln, Pike, Marion, Ralls, Clay and Monroe other companies were raised.
Two of these companies, commanded respectively by Captain John Jaimison, of Callaway, and Captain David M. Hickman, of Boone county, were mustered into service in July for thirty days, and put under command of Major Thomas W. Conyers.
This detachment, accompanied by General Gentry, arrived at Fort Pike on the 15th of July, 1832. Finding that the Indians had not crossed the Mississippi into Missouri, General Gentry returned to Columbia, leaving the fort in charge of Major Conyers. Thirty days having expired, the command under Major Con- yers was relieved by two other companies under Captains Sinclair Kirtley, of Boone, and Patrick Ewing, of Callaway. This detachment was marched to Fort Pike by Col. Austin A. King, who conducted the two companies under Major Conyers home. Major Conyers was left in charge of the fort, where he remained till September following, at which time the Indian troubles, so far as Missouri was concerned, having all subsided, the frontier forces were mustered out of service.
Black Hawk continued the war in Iowa and Illinois, and was finally defeated and captured in 1833.
MORMON DIFFICULTIES.
In 1832, Joseph Smith, the leader of the Mormons, and the chosen prophet and apostle, as he claimed, of the Most High, came with many followers to Jack- son county, Missouri, where they located and entered several thousand acres of land.
The object of his coming so far West-upon the very outskirts of civilization at that time-was to more securely establish his church, and the more effectively to instruct his followers in its peculiar tenets and practices.
Upon the present town site of Independence the Mormons located their " Zion," and gave it the name of "The New Jerusalem." They published here The Evening Star, and made themselves generally obnoxious to the Gentiles, who were then in a minority, by their denunciatory articles through their paper, their clannishness and their polygamous practices.
Dreading the demoralizing influence of a paper which seemed to be inspired only with hatred and malice toward them, the Gentiles threw the press and type into the Missouri river, tarred and feathered one of their bishops, and otherwise gave the Mormons and their leaders to understand that they must conduct them- selves in an entirely different manner if they wished to be let alone.
After the destruction of their paper and press, they became furiously incensed, and sought many opportunities for retaliation. Matters continued in an uncertain
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HISTORY OF MISSOURI.
condition until the 31st of October, 1833, when a deadly conflict occurred near Westport, in which two Gentiles and one Mormon were killed.
On the 2d of November following the Mormons were overpowered, and com- pelled to lay down their arms and agree to leave the county with their families by January Ist on the condition that the owner would be paid for his printing press.
Leaving Jackson county, they crossed the Missouri and located in Clay, Car- roll, Caldwell and other counties, and selected in Caldwell county a town site, which they called "Far West," and where they entered more land for their future homes.
Through the influence of their missionaries, who were exerting themselves in the East and in different portions of Europe, conve ts had constantly flocked to their standard, and "Far West," and other Mormon settlements, rapidly prospered.
In 1837 they commenced the erection of a magnificent temple but never finished it. As their settlements increased in numbers, they became bolder in their practices and deeds of lawlessness.
During the summer of 1838 two of their leaders settled in the town of De- Witt, on the Missouri river, having purchased the land from an Illinois merchant. ' DeWitt was in Carroll county, and a good point from which to forward goods and immigrants to their town-Far West.
Upon its being ascertained that these parties were Mormon leaders, the Gen- tiles called a public meeting, which was addressed by some of the prominent citizens of the county. Nothing, however, was done at this meeting, but at a subsequent meeting, which was held a few days afterward, a committee of citi- zens was appointed to notify Col. Hinkle (one of the Mormon leaders at DeWitt), what they intended to do.
Col. Hinkle upon being notified by this committee became indignant, and threatened extermination to all who should attempt to molest him or the Saints.
In anticipation of trouble, and believing that the Gentiles would attempt to force them from DeWitt, Mormon recruits flocked to the town from every direc- tion, and pitched their tents in and around the town in great numbers.
The Gentiles, nothing daunted, planned an attack upon this encampment, to take place on the 21st day of September, 1838, and, accordingly, one hundred and fifty men bivouacked near the town on that day. A conflict ensued, but nothing serious occurred.
The Mormons evacuated their works and fled to some log houses, where they could tl.e more successfully resist the Gentiles, who had in the meantime returned to their camp to await reinforcements. Troops from Howard, Ray and other counties came to their assistance, and increased their number to five hundred men.
Congreve Jackson was chosen Brigadier-General ; Ebenezer Price, Colonel ; Singleton Vaughan, Lieutenant-Colonel, and Sarchel Woods, Major. After some days of discipline, this brigade prepared for an assault but before the attack was commenced Judge James Earickson and William F. Dunnica, influential citizens of Howard county, asked permission of General Jackson to let them try and ad- just the difficulties without any bloodshed.
It was finally agreed that Judge Earickson should propose to the Mormons that, if they would pay for all the cattle they had killed belonging to the citizens, and load their wagons during the night and be ready to move by ten o'clock next morning, and make no further attempt to settle in Howard county, the citizens would purchase at first cost their lots in DeWitt and one or two adjoining tracts of land.
Col. Hinkle, the leader of the Mormons, at first refused all attempts to settle the difficulties in this way, but finally agreed to the proposition.
In accordance therewith, the Mormons without further delay, loaded up their
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HISTORY OF MISSOURI.
wagons for the town of Far West, in Caldwell county. Whether the terms of the agreement were ever carried out, on the part of the citizens, is not known.
The Mormons had doubtless suffered much and in many ways-the result of their own acts-but their trials and sufferings were not at an end.
In 1838 the discord between the citizens and Mormons became so great that Governor Boggs issued a proclamation ordering Major-General David R. Atchi- son to call the militia of his division to enforce the laws. He called out a part of the Ist brigade of the Missouri State Militia, under command of General A. W. Doniphan, who proceeded to the seat of war. General John B. Clark, of Howard county was placed in command of the militia.
The Mormon forces numbered about 1,000 men, and were led by G. W. Hinkle. The first engagement occurred at Crooked river, where one Mormon was killed. The principal fight took place at Haughn's Mills, where eighteen Mormons were killed and the balance captured, some of them being killed after they had surrendered. Only one militiaman was wounded.
In the month of October, 1838, Joe Smith surrendered the town of Far West to General Doniphan, agreeing to his conditions, viz. : That they should deliver up their arms, surrender their prominent leaders for trial, and the remainder of the Mormons should, with their families, leave the State. Indictments were found against a number of these leaders including Joe Smith, who, while being taken to Boone county for trial, made his escape, and was afterward, in 1844, killed at Carthage, Illinois, with his brother Hyrum.
FLORIDA WAR.
In September, 1837, the Secretary of War issued a requisition on Governor Boggs, of Missouri, for six hundred volunteers for service in Florida against the Seminole Indians, with whom the Creek nation had made common cause under Osceola.
The first regiment was chiefly raised in Boone county by Colonel Richard Gentry, of which he was elected Colonel; John W. Price, of Howard county, Lieutenant-Colonel; Harrison H. Hughes, also of Howard, Major. Four com- panies of the second regiment were raised and attached to the first. Two of these companies were composed of Delaware and Osage Indians.
October 6, 1837, Col. Gentry's regiment left Columbia for the seat of war, stopping on the way at Jefferson barracks, where they were mustered into service.
Arriving at Jackson barracks, New Orleans, they were from thence trans- ported in brigs across the Gulf to Tampa Bay, Florida. General Zachary Taylor, who then commanded in Florida, ordered Col. Gentry to march to Okee-cho-bee Lake, one hundred and thirty-five miles inland by the route traveled. Having reached the Kissemmee river, seventy miles distant, a bloody battle ensued, in which Col. Gentry was killed. The Missourians, though losing their gallant leader, continued the fight until the Indians were totally routed, leaving many of their dead and wounded on the field. There being no further service required of the Missourians, they returned to their homes in 1838.
MEXICAN WAR.
Soon after Mexico declared war, against the United States, on the 8th and 9th of May, 1846, the battles of Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palma were fought. Great excitement prevailed throughout the country. In none of her sister States however, did the fires of patriotism burn more intensely than in Missouri. Not waiting for the call for volunteers, the "St. Louis Legion " hastened to the field of conflict. The "Legion" was commanded by Colonel A. R. Easton. During the month of May, 1846, Governor Edwards, of Missouri, called for volunteers to join the " Army of the West," an expedition to Santa Fe-under command of General Stephen W. Kearney.
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HISTORY OF MISSOURI.
Fort Leavenworth was the appointed rendezvous for the volunteers. By the 18th of June, the full complement of companies to compose the first regi . ment had arrived from Jackson, Lafayette, Clay, Saline, Franklin, Cole, Howard and Callaway counties. Of this regiment A. W. Doniphan was made Colonel ; C. F. Ruff, Lieutenant-Colonel, and William Gilpin, Major. The battalion of light artillery from St. Louis was commanded by Captains R. A. Weightman and A. W. Fischer, with Major M. L. Clark as field officer ; battalions of infantry from Platte and Cole counties commanded by Captains Murphy and W. Z. Augney respectively, and the " Laclede Rangers," from St. Louis, by Captain Thomas B. Hudson, aggregating all told, from Missouri, 1,658 men. In the summer of 1846 Hon. Sterling Price resigned his seat in Congress and raised one mounted regiment, one mounted extra battalion, and one extra battalion of Mor- mon infantry to reinforce the " Army of the West." Mr. Price was made colonel, and D. D. Mitchell lieutenant-colonel.
In August, 1847, Governor Edwards made another requisition for one thou- sand men, to consist of infantry. The regiment was raised at once. John Dougherty, of Clay county, was chosen colonel, but before the regiment marched the President countermanded the order.
A company of mounted volunteers was raised in Ralls county, commanded by Captain Wm. T. Lalfland. Conspicuous among the engagements in which the Missouri volunteers participated in Mexico were the battles of Brazito, Sacra- mento, Canada, El Embudo, Taos and Santa Cruz de Rosales. The forces from Missouri were mustered out in 1848, and will ever be remembered in the history of the Mexican war, for
" A thousand glorious actions that might claim
Triumphant laurels, and immortal fame."
CHAPTER X.
AGRICULTURE AND MATERIAL WEALTH.
Missouri as an Agricultural State-The Different Crops-Live Stock-Horses-Mules-Milch Cows -Oxen and other Cattle-Sheep -Hogs-Comparisons-Missouri Adapted to Live Stock -- Cotton-Broom-Corn and other Products-Fruits-Berries-Grapes-Railroads-First Neigh of the " Iron Horse" in Missouri-Names of Railroads-Manufactures-Great Bridge at St. Louis.
Agriculture is the greatest among all the arts of man, as it is the first in supply- ing his necessities. It favors and strengthens population ; it creates and maintains manufactures ; gives employment to navigation and furnishes materials to com- merce. It animates every species of industry, and opens to nations the safest channels of wealth. It is the strongest bond of well regulated society, the surest basis of internal peace, and the natural associate of correct morals. Among all the occupations and professions of life, there is none more honorable, none more independent, and none more conducive to health and happiness.
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