USA > Missouri > Jackson County > The History of Jackson county, Missouri, containing a history of the county, its cities, towns, etc., biographical sketches of its citizens, Jackson county in the late warhistory of Missouri, map of Jackson county > Part 52
Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).
Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5 | Part 6 | Part 7 | Part 8 | Part 9 | Part 10 | Part 11 | Part 12 | Part 13 | Part 14 | Part 15 | Part 16 | Part 17 | Part 18 | Part 19 | Part 20 | Part 21 | Part 22 | Part 23 | Part 24 | Part 25 | Part 26 | Part 27 | Part 28 | Part 29 | Part 30 | Part 31 | Part 32 | Part 33 | Part 34 | Part 35 | Part 36 | Part 37 | Part 38 | Part 39 | Part 40 | Part 41 | Part 42 | Part 43 | Part 44 | Part 45 | Part 46 | Part 47 | Part 48 | Part 49 | Part 50 | Part 51 | Part 52 | Part 53 | Part 54 | Part 55 | Part 56 | Part 57 | Part 58 | Part 59 | Part 60 | Part 61 | Part 62 | Part 63 | Part 64 | Part 65 | Part 66 | Part 67 | Part 68 | Part 69 | Part 70 | Part 71 | Part 72 | Part 73 | Part 74 | Part 75 | Part 76 | Part 77 | Part 78 | Part 79 | Part 80 | Part 81 | Part 82 | Part 83 | Part 84 | Part 85 | Part 86 | Part 87 | Part 88 | Part 89 | Part 90 | Part 91 | Part 92 | Part 93 | Part 94 | Part 95 | Part 96 | Part 97 | Part 98 | Part 99 | Part 100 | Part 101 | Part 102 | Part 103 | Part 104 | Part 105 | Part 106 | Part 107 | Part 108 | Part 109 | Part 110 | Part 111 | Part 112 | Part 113 | Part 114 | Part 115 | Part 116 | Part 117 | Part 118 | Part 119 | Part 120 | Part 121 | Part 122 | Part 123 | Part 124 | Part 125 | Part 126 | Part 127 | Part 128 | Part 129 | Part 130 | Part 131 | Part 132 | Part 133 | Part 134 | Part 135 | Part 136 | Part 137 | Part 138 | Part 139
country was substantially in the hands of the Indians, except a small part along the eastern border. All the country north of the Missouri, including part of Iowa, was still the hunting grounds of the Sac, Fox and Iowa Indians, and was occasionally traversed by Kickapoos. The first three of these tribes occasionally crossed south of the river, and at this time had a village south of Fort Osage. The country on the south side was still subject to the incursions of the Osages and Kaws, who occupied the twenty-four mile strip in Missouri above referred to, and all the country south and west from the Platte River on the west to the Arkansas River in the south. Through this country, south and west, the posts had been established, which the general agency here was to supply.
The Fort Osage above referred to was established in 1808 by Captain Clem- son, under the name of Fort Clark, which name was afterward changed to Fort Osage. It was before the Indian title to southern Missouri was extinguished, on a tract six miles square ceded by the Indians for that purpose. Soon after its establishment the treaty by which the Indian title to southern Missouri was ex- tinguished, was negotiated there by Pierre Chouteau, the elder, of St. Louis. In 1810 a man named Audrain had settled about a mile and a half below the Fort, but he was probably connected in some way with the Fort, as there was no other settlements in Jackson county until 1819, when there were some settlements niade east of the Indian line. There was no settlement of any consequence in the county until after the extinguishment of the Indian title to the twenty-five mile strip in 1825, and Jackson county was not organized until 1827, and the early settlers had to go to Cyprian Chouteau's trading house, on the Kaw River, as the nearest place to trade. The first white man, other than the French traders who
380
HISTORY OF KANSAS CITY.
became connected with the Kawsmouth settlement, were the attaches of the Kaw Indian agency, established here in 1825, but these, too, were, with one excep- tion, Frenchmen. They consisted of Baronette Vasques, sub-agent, Daniel Morgan Boone, a son of the celebrated Daniel Boone, farmer, Clement Lessert, interpreter, and Gabriel Phillebert, blacksmith. They established themselves near the foot of Gillis street, remained there until 1827, when they were removed to the Kaw agency, on the Kaw river, about eight miles above the present town of Lawrence.
The first white man other than these and the French traders to locate on ground now embraced within the corporate limits of Kansas City was James H. McGee, who settled here in 1828 and whose family was so prominently identified with the early development of Kansas City. Several of his sons still reside in this city and vicinity. But there was not enough infusion of Americans into this French settlement to materially affect its character for a number of years afterward, but it continued as it had begun, the center of an extensive fur and Indian trade. The first ferry across the Missouri river in the vicinity of Kansas City was established at Randolph Bluffs by a Mr. Younger, grandfather of the " Young boys" who in connection with the "James boys" have been so noto- rious in the west. At what time this ferry was established is not known, but it was in operation in 1828. The only means of crossing the river at Kansas City at that time consisted of canoes. Two of these lashed together were used from the time of the first settlement of Americans in this vicinity, to cross over with their grists to a horse mill on the other side of the river, and it continued of about this character until 1836.
The first road from this settlement into the interior appears to have led from Chouteau's warehouse up the hill in the vicinity of where Forest avenue now is, running southward nearly to Twelfth street and then southwest to about the intersection of Broadway and Seventeenth street when it descended the hill and bore south to a point where Westport is and thence west into the prairie. When this road was first used is unknown, but it was probably developed from a foot or horse trail soon after the first settlement opposite Randolph Bluffs. When roads came to be made from Independence westward through Westport and thence into the Indian country, they were connected with this road at Westport. In 1829 and 1830 this was the outlet from the settlement and the ground upon which Kansas City is now located, was a dense forest overgrown upon rugged hills and deep ravines save where the Frenchmen had built their cabins and made small clearings.
ENTRY OF LAND AT KANSAS.
In 1828 a land office was opened at Franklin, and the lands in Jackson were brought into market. The ground upon which Kansas City stands was located as follows :
Southeast quarter Sec. 5, Tp. 49, James H. McGee, November 14, 1828, 160 acres.
East half northeast quarter Sec. 7, Tp. 49, James H. McGee, November 14, 1828, 80 acres.
West half northwest quarter Sec. 8, Tp. 49, James H. McGee, November 14, 1828, 80 acres.
East half southwest quarter Sec. 5, Tp. 49, James H. McGee, March 3, 1829, 80 acres.
Northwest fractional quarter Sec., Tp. 49, Joseph Phillibert, June 18, 1831, 1 154.90 acres.
Southeast fractional quarter Sec. 31, Tp. 50, Louis Bartholet, August 12, 1831, 49.6 acres.
331
HISTORY OF KANSAS CITY.
South fractional half Sec. 32, Tp. 50, Gabriel Prudhomme, -, 1831, 271.77 acres.
West half northwest fractional quarter Sec. 5, Tp. 49, Francis Chouteau, December 5, 1831.
East half northwest fractional quarter Sec. 6, Tp. 49, Gabriel Phillibert, De- cember 14, 1831, 170.41 acres.
Lot I, southwest fractional quarter Sec. 6, Tp. 49, Joseph Phillibert, Decem- ber 10, 1832.
Lot 2, southwest fractional quarter Sec. 6, Tp. 49, Francis Chouteau, 160.66 acres.
East half southeast quarter Sec. 6, Tp. 49, Clement Lessert, December 10, 1831, 80 acres.
. East half northwest quarter Sec. 8, Tp. 48, James H. McGee, December ro, 1831, 80 acres.
Northwest fractional quarter Sec. 33, Tp. 50, Louis Roy, April 9, 1832, 53.25 acres.
Lot I, northeast fractional quarter Sec. 5, Tp. 49, O. Caldwell and H. Chiles, June 2, 1852.
Lot 2, northeast fractional quarter Sec, 5, Tp. 49, W. B. Evans, June 2, 1832, 164.62 acres.
West half lot 1, northwest fractional quarter Sec. 5, Tp. 49, W. B. Evans, September 22, 1832.
West half lot 2, northwest fractional quarter, Sec. 5, Tp. 49, Calise Montor- deau, October 31, 1832.
East half lots 1 and 2, northwest fractional quarter Sec. 5, Tp. 49, O. Cald- well and H. Chiles, November 8, 1834, 166.43 acres.
East half lots r and 2, fractional quarter Sec. 6, Tp. 49, Pierre La Libertie, October 22, 1832.
West half lots 1 and 2, fractional quarter Sec. 6, Tp. 49, Benedict Raux, April 10, 1834, 166.46 acres.
West half southeast quarter Sec. 6, Tp. 49, Wm. Gillis, December 10, 1832, 80 acres.
Southwest quarter of southwest quarter Sec. 5, Tp. 49, James H. McGee, May 2, 1833, 40 acres.
- West half of northeast quarter Sec. 7., Tp. 49, Joseph Jarboe, November 3, 1834 80 acres.
Southeast quarter Sec. 8, Tp. 49, O. Caldwell and H. Chiles, November 8, 1834, 160 acres.
Northwest quarter of southwest quarter Sec. 5, Tp. 49, Wm. Bowers, Decem- ber 17, 1835, 40 acres
Southwest quarter Sec. 33, Tp. 50, Francois Chouteau, August 15, 1836, 160 acres.
The General Government gave the State of Missouri an endowment of land for a State University, part of which was located within the present borders of Kansas City. This land was sold in 1832, and the following named tracts in Kan- sas City were purchased as follows :
East half lot 2, northwest fractional quarter Sec. 4, Tp. 49, James Johnson, 40 acres.
East half lot 2, northwest fractional quarter Sec. 4, Tp. 49, Daniel King ; west half lots 1 and 2, northwest fractional quarter Sec. 4, Tp. 49, Daniel King, 162.76 acres.
Southwest quarter Sec. 4, Tp. 49, James Johnson, 160 acres.
East half northwest quarter Sec. 9, Tp. 49, Adeliza and Constantia Fowler, 80 acres.
KANSAS CITY COURT HOUSE.
383
HISTORY OF KANSAS CITY.
Northwest quarter of southwest quarter Sec. 9, Tp. 49, Joseph Boggs, Sr., 40 acres.
Southwest quarter of northwest quarter Sec. 9, Tp. 49, L. W. Boggs, 40 acres.
These land entries indicate that at the time they were made there were few in the Kawsmouth settlement except the French. And so it continued without change from the situation already stated until 1838; in fact, until 1846, though great changes were wrought in other parts of the county by settlement, and though Independence had become the headquarters of the overland trade with northern Mexico, and both it and Westport had grown to be considerable and thriving towns. During all these years the Indian trade was the leading interest, and dur- ing the larger part of the time the only interest. The French were the dominant element, and conducted the trade after their peculiar methods, and gave tone and character to social intercourse.
LIFE AMONG THE FRENCH.
Of life among the French and in fact in western Missouri at this time, the late Rev. Father Donnelly gave an interesting account a few years ago in a pa- per contributed to the Journal. Father Donnelly came to Kansas City in 1845, and his mission then embraced eight or ten counties extending as far east as Boonville. For twenty years he traveled on horseback over this extent of coun- try, stopping often at farm houses. This afforded him an excellent opportunity to observe the conditions of life and the situation, customs, habits, manners and characters of the people. He noticed that the people were substantially clothed, and that they generally manufactured their clothes at home. There was a spin- ning wheel and loom in almost every house, and the young women of the family all spun and wove, and the piles of blankets, quilts and clothing attested the skill and taste and industry of the farmer's daughters. He also observed that when occasion demanded it, they could dress richly and elegantly, and always with stud- ied propriety and unaffected modesty. The people were healthy, hardy, indus- trious and well developed, and he found them not lacking in social culture and refinement, notwithstanding their home-spun, and always and everywhere he found them courageous, courteous and hospitable. Of the French settlers at the Kawsmouth, he says :
"They were a very sociable people-they had their innocent balls and dances, especially in winter. They got up their social assemblies on a novel but simple plan of their own. A select committee waited upon some settler and informed him that a dancing party would visit his place on a certain evening. The party waited upon was reminded that his friends expected that he would have the in- dispensable pot de Bouillon prepared for his guests; but what was this pot de Bouillon? It was a rich, palatable soup, cooked in a large pot, composed of chickens, wild fowl, venison, and sometimes slices of buffalo meat, to all of which were added a few handsful of corn meal, with seasoning of small pepper, etc. The soup was quaffed from gourds, cups, dishes, etc.
" Messrs. Joe and Peter Revard were the parish fiddlers-two respectable brothers. All went to the ball-men and women, young and old, and all danced. It seems to me that some of your readers would like to ask 'did the beaux escort the belles to the ball room, as they do in our polished times?' Not a bit of it. ‘How then ?' Why, the belles went, and returned too, by the side of their own affec- tionate mothers. Not only that, but the daughters took their seats in the ball- room itself beside their mothers, and at the end of every dance the beau restored his partner to the same secure place. This, too, is the proper etiquette among the old French themselves in 'La Belle France.' A most respectable gentleman, Mr. Northrup, informed me that he attended these parties, that he never wit- nessed anywhere such real politeness, such guarded deportment, and such genu. ine, amiable, refined enjoyment, as he witnessed among the old French half.
384
HISTORY OF KANSAS CITY.
breeds of Westport Landing, at their winter balls and reunions. The strictest decorum, decency and politeness always prevailed ..
"There was no liquor drank, no boisterous talk, no unbecoming word or act seen among them. All were happy ; all danced; all partook of the Bouillon. There were no quarrels, no contentions and no scandals among them, nor thefts, nor wrongs, nor impudicity, no adulteries, nor injustice, nor slanders, nor deceit.
"They took one another's word in buying and selling and they never broke it-they kept their word because there was honor among them of the christian sort."
They were all Catholics, and of course, brought their religion with them when they came to the Kaw's month. Father Reau was the first priest, but it is not known at what time he came. Their first church was a log structure in the vi- cinity of Penn and Eleventh streets, where the first parsonage, a long since abandoned and dilapidated log hut stood, until recently.
This condition of society was largely adopted by others as they came in, and was substantially maintained until the Rebellion broke ont. In the winter time when boats could not run, the Santa Fe trade stopped, and there was no business of any consequence to do. The Santa Fe traders were all in and the trappers and travelers on the plains and in the mountains came to "the camp " to spend the winter. There was nothing to do but enjoy life, and dance and festival succeeded each other so rapidly as to occupy the time until spring brought the boats, started the trains, and business broke in upon the revels of pleasure.
The trade of this period was peculiar. It was chiefly an exchange of com- modities. The Indian brought his ponies and pelts, and the fruits of the chase ; the trapper brought his furs, and both were exchanged, not for money, for neither Indian or trapper had use for that, but for supplies - blankets, trinkets, groceries, flour, salt and whisky-everything received here was brought by the boats, even flour, bacon and corn, which the country now produces so abund- antly, were brought from eastern Missouri and Illinois, and merchants had to lay in a stock in the fall to last the community, and the trade, until the boats brought more in the spring.
RECOGNITION BY OTHER PARTIES.
At an early date, which it is now impossible to fix, the Rocky Mountain Fur Company began to debark at the Kawsmouth settlement. It is probable that the members and agents of that company were attracted hither by the same natural advantages for their trade that had previously brought the American com- pany. It was doing the same kind of business and operating in the same field. This company was brought into existence in 1822, by Gen. Ashley, of Missouri. Its forces made their first expedition up the river in keel boats and across the mountains in 1824. In 1830 it took the name of the Rocky Mountain Fur Company, with William L. and Milton Sublett and Robert Campbell, of St. Lonis at its head These men afterward became property owners in Kansas City and were identified with its early history as a town.
Washington Irving, in Astoria, gives an excellent account of some of their early expeditions, and bestows a fitting tribute upon their courage and enterprise. Several of their expeditions were debarked at Chouteau's warehouse, and followed the road above described, thence westward until about the present town of To- peka, they crossed the Kaw River and followed up the Blues, thence to the Platte and into the mountains above and north of Cheyenne. There were some very important firms and individuals engaged in this trade who also took a de- parture from here. Among these were Maj. Dripps and Bent and St. Vraine. Father DeSmedt attended one or more of the expeditions, thus departing from this point, being entertained while here at the Catholic parsonage by Father Reau.
385
HISTORY OF KANSAS CITY.
The advantages of this as a point of departure for the west, southwest and northwest, were afterward recognized by Captain Bonneville, who took his depart- ure from Fort Osage in 1832, and of whose expeditions such an excellent account has been given by Washington Irving. Lieut. Lupton, and Fremont and Beale sub- sequently took their departure for their celebrated expeditions from the French settlement where Kansas City now is. In 1832, Colonel Ellsworth, commission- er of Indian affairs, visited the Indians west of Missouri and Arkansas, and like- wise took their departure from this point. Colonel Ellsworth's party consisted of a number of persons of great distinction, among whom were J. H. B. Latrobe, architect of the Capitol at Washington, Count Pourtales, of Switzerland, Paul Leguest Chouteau, of St. Louis, and Washington Irving. It was this expedition that furnished Irving the material for his " Tour on the Prairies," in which he gives an excellent account of it. However, there was one incident of this tour which he does not mention, and which occurred in this county, so strongly illus- trative of the disregard the hardy frontiersman of that time had for rank and posi- tion in society, that it is given here. The party had engaged as a camp assistant Mr. Harry Younger, of this county, the father of the "Younger Boys." The first morning after leaving Chouteau's house, Mr. Irving requested him, at the breaking of camp, to bring up the horses, so that they might start on the journey. The horses were grazing at a little distance. "All right," replied Mr. Younger, " let's go after them." "But," said Mr. Irving, "we expect you to do that." "Well," said Mr. Younger, "why can't some of you help me. There's that d-d Count, why can't he go? He does nothing but shoot snow birds." Mr. Younger, with the social equality ideas peculiar to the hardy frontiersman, could not readily appreciate the dignity of a Commissioner of Indian affairs, a Swiss Count or a celebrated author, nor see why they should not help bring in the horses.
CHAPTER III.
THE GREAT INDIAN TRADE.
Proposed Removal of the Indians to the West-The Numbers to be Moved-The Removal-The New Locations-Effects on Western Trade-Founding of Westport-And Concentration of The Trade There.
Having thus briefly sketched the fur trade and its result in the recognition of the advantages of the point at which Kansas City came subsequently to be built, and the recognition of the same advantage by the various exploring par- ties sent into the unknown west, it comes next in order to state a set of contem- poraneous facts which led to a most important increase of the Indian trade of this section and its relations to the future city.
The close of the British war of 1812, which occurred in 1815, was followed by an immense immigration to the west and northwest during the ten years fol- lowing. Mr. Schoolcraft, in his history of the Indian tribes, says that no such movement of people into a new country was ever witnessed before in the entire history of the world. This brought the whites into contact with the Indians in the northwestern territory, in the present States of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois and Michigan, and in the southwest in Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi and Louisiana. The indigenous tribes still lived in these localities. This pressure upon the In- dians and curtailment of their hunting grounds led to constant conflicts and bloody
25
386
HISTORY OF KANSAS CITY.
wars, and the necessity of removing the Indians to more distant localities became every year more apparent, and a policy of that character gradually shaped itself.
PROPOSAL TO REMOVE THE INDIANS TO THE WEST.
In pursuance of this fact, President Monroe, Jan. 27th, 1825, sent a message to Congress, formally proposing such a course. At the same time Mr. Calhoun, then Secretary of War, furnished Congress with a statement of the numbers and locations of the Indians proposed to be removed. The whole number was 92, 664, divided as follows : In Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Ohio and New York 13, 250, which he proposed should be removed to the country north of Illinois and west of Lake Michigan. In Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, Alabama and Mis- sissippi 53,625, which, together with the Wyandottes, Shawnees, Senecas, Dela- wares, Kaskaskias, Munsas and Eel Rivers of the northwest, 3,082 ; the Semi- noles, in Florida, 5,000, and Delawares, Kickapoos, Shawnees, Weas, Peorias, Iowas, Prankashaws, Quapaws, Osages and Cherokees of Missouri and Arkansas, he proposed to locate on the territory west of Missouri and Arkansas, occupied at that time by the Osages and Kansas.
OPPOSITION TO REMOVAL.
This proposition of removal was severely opposed by the people of all the States mentioned. The Legislatures of some of them adopted resolutions strongly protesting against it, and memorials were sent to Congress from the people pro- testing against it. Most of the Indians were receiving annuities from the Govern- ment, and their trade was a valuable item of business which the people desired to retain. The wildest stories regarding the sterility and uninhabitableness of the country proposed for them were circulated among both whites and Indians, and the communications of Gen. Clark, of Missouri and others well acquainted with the country, from expeditions they had made through it, were inadequate to quiet such misrepresentations. Hence delegations of Indians were sent out to examine it for themselves. Among these delegations was one consisting of representatives of several tribes in the northwest, in charge of Rev. Isaac McCoy, father of our esteemed fellow citizen, John C. McCoy. This party crossed the country to Younger's Ferry, on the Missouri River, at Randolph Bluffs in 1828, and pressed on into the Indian country west of Missouri and Arkansas. This fact is men- tioned here because Mr. McCoy several years afterward, in 1831, after the re- moval of part of the Indians had taken place, caused the establishment of Shaw- nee Mission, eight miles south of this city, Dr. Johnston Lykins, recently de- ceased, being placed at its head.
THE REMOVAL AUTHORIZED.
The Government and the Indians having become satisfied of the suitable- ness of the proposed country, Congress on the 28th of May, 1829, passed an act authorizing President Jackson to cause the removal of the Indians, and to allot the different tribes their portion in the new territory. The Kansas Indians, an indigenous tribe, who occupied a large tract of the country in Missouri and a large part of the State of Kansas extending from the great Nemaha southward, had in 1825 ceded it to the government, so that a part of the land for the new reservation was already in hand. Subsequently in 1833 the Pawnees were induced to relin- quish the title to that part of Nebraska lying between the Platt and the great Ne- maha, for the same purpose.
THE REMOVAL.
In pursuance of the authority given by Congress, President Jackson caused treaties to be made with the Indians for the relinquishment of their eastern res- ervations and removal to the west. These treaties were made as follows : With
387
HISTORY OF KANSAS CITY.
the Creeks, April 4, 1832; with the Seminoles, May 9, 1832; with the Appa- lachicoles, October 11, 1832 ; with the Chickasaws, October 20, 1832 ; with the Kickapoos of Missouri, October 24, 1832; with the Pottawatomies, of Indiana, October 26, 1830; with the Shawnees and Delawares of Missouri, October 26, 1832 ; with the Piankashaws and Peorias, October 26, 1832; with the Weas, October 29, 1832, and with the Senecas and the Shawnees of Neosho, October 29, 1632. The removal followed soon after the treaties and by 1836 the Choc- taws and Chickasaws, Creeks and part of the Cherokees and Seminoles, the Osages, Quapaws, Senecas, Shawnees, Delawares, Kickapoos, Weas, Peorias, Piankashaws, Kaskaskias and Ottawas, had located on the new reservations. These numbered 37, 748, leaving out the Creeks. There were yet to come the Wyandottes, Chippewas, Pottawatomies and part of the Ottawas, beside some of the southern tribes.
THE NEW LOCATION.
When these Indians were all located, which occurred soon after 1836, they occupied the territory as follows: Beginning at the Platte River in Nebraska the Otoes occupied the country southward to the Little Nemaha; between Little and Great Nemaha were half breeds; south of the Great Nemaha arranged in the order here mentioned were the Iowas, Sac and Kickapoos, the southern line of the territory of the latter intersecting the Missouri River at Fort Leavenworth. The Delawares came next with a small river front but extending far back to the west. The Wyandottes occupied a triangular tract bounded by the Missouri River on one side the Kaw on another and a line running diagonally from the Missouri near Fort Leavenworth to the Kaw River at about the same distance as Fort Leavenworth from its mouth. The Pottawatomies lived west of the Wyandottes and south of the Delawares, their territory extending over to the south side of Kaw River. South and east of the Pottawatomies, extending to the Missouri State line were the Shawnees, south of the Shawnees and on the Osage River were the Weas, Piankaskaws, Peorias, Kaskaskias and a band of affiliated Sacs and Foxes. West of these were the Kaws, and on the south of the Weas were the Miamis. Between these tribes and Fort Scott and extending from the State line on the east to the Verdigris river on the west, was an unoccupied strip reserved for the tribes of New York. South of this strip and lying along the State line to the Indian Territory was Cherokee country, and west of the Chero- kees were the Osages. South of them and in the Indian Territory were the Semi- noles, Quapaws and an affiliated band of Shawnees and Senecas. West of these was the larger territory of the Cherokees, and farther south lay the lands of the ·Creeks, Seminoles, Choctaws and Chickasaws.
Need help finding more records? Try our genealogical records directory which has more than 1 million sources to help you more easily locate the available records.