USA > Missouri > Buchanan County > The history of Buchanan County, Missouri > Part 6
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In response to this telegram Gov. Jackson sent the following answer:
EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT OF MISSOURI, JEFFERSON CITY, April 17, 1861.
TO THE HON. SIMON CAMERON,
Secretary of War, Washington, D. C .:
SIR : Your dispatch of the 15th inst., making a call on Missouri for four regiments of men for immediate service, has been received. There can be, I apprehend, no doubt but these men are intended to form a part of the President's army to make war upon the people of the
52
HISTORY OF MISSOURI.
seceded states. Your requisition, in my judgment, is illegal, unconsti- tutional, and cannot be complied with. Not one man will the State of Missouri furnish to carry on such an unholy war.
C. F. JACKSON, Governor of Missouri.
April 21, 1861. U. S. Arsenal at Liberty was seized by order of Governor Jackson.
April 22, 1861. Governor Jackson issued a proclamation convening the Legislature of Missouri in May following, in extra session, to take into consideration the momentuous issues, which were presented, and the attitude to be assumed by the state in the impending struggle.
On the 22nd of April, 1861, the Adjutant-General of Missouri issued the following military order :
HEADQUARTERS ADJUTANT-GENERAL'S OFFICE, MO., JEFFERSON CITY, April 22, 1861. (General Order No. 7.)
I. To attain a greater degree of efficiency and perfection in organi- zation and discipline, the commanding officers of the several military districts in this state, having four or more legally organized companies therein, whose armories are within fifteen miles of each other, will assem- ble their respective commands at some place to be by them severally designated, on the 3rd of May, and to go into an encampment for a period of six days as provided by law. Captains of companies not organ- ized into battalions, will report the strength of their companies immedi- ately to these headquarters, and await further orders.
II. The quartermaster-general will procure and issue to quarter- masters of districts, for these commands not now provided for, all nec- essary tents and camp equipage, to enable the commanding officers thereof to carry the foregoing orders into effect.
III. The Light Battery now attached to the Southwest Battalion, and one company of mounted riflemen, including all officers and soldiers belonging to the First District, will proceed forthwith to St. Louis and report to Gen. D. M. Frost for duty. The remaining companies of said battalion will be disbanded for the purpose of assisting in the organiza- tion of companies upon that frontier. The details in the execution of the foregoing are intrusted to Lieutenant-Colonel John S. Bowen, com- manding the battalion.
IV. The strength, organization and equipment of the several com- panies in the districts will be reported at once to these headquarters, and district inspectors will furnish all information which may be servic- able in ascertaining the condition of state forces.
By order of the Governor. WARWICK HOUGH, Adjutant-General of Missouri.
May 2, 1861. The Legislature convened in extra session. Many acts were passed among which was one to authorize the Governor to purchase or lease David Ballantine's foundry, at Boonville, for the man- ufacture of arms and munitions of war ; to authorize the governor to
53
HISTORY OF MISSOURI.
appoint one major-general ; to authorize the governor, when in his opinion the security and welfare of the state required it, to take possession of the railroad and telegraph lines of the state ; to provide for the organ- ization, government and support of the military forces ; to borrow one million of dollars to arm and equip the militia of the state to repel invasion and protect the lives and property of the people. An act was also passed creating a "Military Fund," to consist of all the money then in the treasury or that might thereafter be received from the one-tenth of one per cent. on the hundred dollars, levied by act of November, 1857, to complete certain railroads ; also the proceeds of a tax of fifteen cents on the hundred dollars of the assessed value of the taxable property of the several counties in the state, and the proceeds of the two mill tax, which had been theretofore appropriated for educational purposes.
May 3, 1861. "Camp Jackson" was organized.
May 10, 1861. Sterling Price appointed major-general of state guard.
May 10, 1861. General Frost, commanding "Camp Jackson," addressed General N. Lyon, as follows :
HEADQUARTERS CAMP' JACKSON, MISSOURI MILITIA, May 10, 1861.
Capt. N. Lyon, Commanding United States Troops in and about St. Louis Arsenal:
SIR :- I am constantly in receipt of information that you contem- plate an attack upon my camp, whilst I understand that you are impressed with the idea that an attack upon the arsenal and United States troops is intended on the part of the Militia of Missouri. I am greatly at a loss to know what could justify you in attacking citizens of the United States, who are in lawful performance of their duties, devolving upon them under the constitution in organizing and instructing the militia of the state in obedience to her laws, and, therefore, have been disposed to doubt the correctness of the information I have received.
I would be glad to know from you personally whether there is any truth in the statements that are constantly pouring into my ears. So far as regards any hostility being intended toward the United States, or its property or representatives by any portion of my command, or, as far as I can learn, (and I think I am fully informed,) of any other part of the state forces, I can positively say that the idea has never been enter- tained. On the contrary, prior to your taking command of the arsenal, I proffered to Mayor Bell, then in command of the very few troops con- stituting its guard, the services of myself and all my command, and, if necessary, the whole power of the state, to protect the United States in the full possession of all her property. Upon General Harney taking command of this department, I made the some proffer of services to him, and authorized his Adjutant General, Captain Williams, to communicate the fact that such had been done to the War Department. I have had no occasion since to change any of the views I entertained at the time, neither of my own volition nor through the orders of my constitutional commander.
54
HISTORY OF MISSOURI.
I trust that after this explicit statement that we may be able, by fully understanding each other, to keep far from our borders the misfor- tunes which so unhappily affect our common country.
This communication will be handed you by Colonel Bowen, my Chief of Staff, who will be able to explain anything not fully set forth in the foregoing.
I am, sir, very respectfully your obedient servant,
BRIGADIER GENERAL D. M. FROST, Commanding Camp Jackson, M. V. M.
May 10, 1861. General Lyon sent the following to General Frost :
HEADQUARTERS UNITED STATES TROOPS, ST. LOUIS, MO., May 10, 1861.
General D. M. Frost, Commanding Camp Jackson:
SIR :- Your command is regarded as evidently hostile toward the Government of the United States.
It is, for the most part, made up of those Secessionists who have openly avowed their hostility to the general government, and have been plotting at the seizure of its property and the overthrow of its authority. You are openly in communication with the so-called Southern Confed- eracy, which is now at war with the United States, and you are receiv- ing at your camp, from the said Confederacy and under its flag, large supplies of the material of war, most of which is known to be the prop- erty of the United States. These extraordinary preparations plainly indicate none other than the well-known purpose of the Governor of this state, under whose orders you are acting, and whose communication to the Legislature has just been responded to by that body in the most unparalleled legislation, having in direct view hostilities to the general government and co-operation with its enemies.
In view of these considerations, and of your failure to disperse in obedience to the proclamation of the President, and of the imminent necessities of state policy and warfare, and the obligations imposed upon me by instructions from Washington, it is my duty to demand, and I do hereby demand of you an immediate surrender of your command, with no other conditions than that all persons surrendering under this com- mand shall be humanely and kindly treated. Believing myself prepared to enforce this demand, one-half hour's time before doing so will be allowed for your compliance therewith.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
N. LYON, Capt. 2d Infantry, Commanding Troops.
May 10, 1861. Camp Jackson surrendered and prisoners all released excepting Capt. Emmet McDonald, who refused to subscribe the parole.
May 12, 1861. Brigadier General Wm. S. Harney issued a procla- mation to the people of Missouri, saying, "he would carefully abstain from the exercise of any unnecessary powers," and only use "the military force stationed in this district in the last resort to preserve peace."
. May 14, 1861. General Harney issued a second proclamation.
55
HISTORY OF MISSOURI.
May 21, 1861. General Harney held a conference with General Sterling Price, of the Missouri State Guards.
May 31, 1861. General Harney superseded by General Lyon.
June II, 1861. A second conference was held between the national and state authorities in St. Louis, which resulted in nothing.
June 11, 1861. Governor Jackson left St. Louis for Jefferson City, burning the railroad bridges behind him, and cutting telegraph wires.
June 12, 1861. Governor Jackson issued a proclamation calling into active service 50,000 militia, "to repel invasion, protect life, prop- erty, etc."
June 15, 1861. Colonel F. P. Blair took possession of the state capi- tal, Governor Jackson, General Price and other officers having left on the 13th of June for Boonville.
June 17, 1861. Battle of Boonville took place between the forces of General Lyon and Colonel John S. Marmaduke.
June 18, 1851. General Lyon issued a proclamation to the people of Missouri.
July 5, 1861. Battle at Carthage between the forces of General Sigel and Governor Jackson.
July 6, 1861. General Lyon reached Springfield.
July 22, 1861. State convention met and declared the offices of Governor, Lieutenant Governor and Secretary of State vacated.
July 26, 1861. General John C. Fremont assumed command of the Western Department, with headquarters in St. Louis.
July 31, 1861. Lieutenant Governor Thomas C. Reynolds issued a proclamation at New Madrid.
August 1, 1861. General Jeff. Thompson issued a proclamation at Bloomfield.
August 2, 1861. Battle of Dug Springs, between Captain Steele's forces and General Rains.
August 5, 1861. Governor Jackson issued a proclamation at New Madrid.
August 5, 1861. Battle of Athens.
August 10, 1861. Battle of Wilson's Creek, between the forces under General Lyon and General McCulloch. In this engagemeet Gen- eral Lyon was killed. General Sturgis succeeded General Lyon.
August 12, 1861. McCulloch issued a proclamation, and soon left Missouri.
August 20, 1861. General Price issued a proclamation.
August 24, 1861. Governor Gamble issued a proclamation calling for 32,000 men for six months, to protect the property and lives of the citizens of the state.
August 30, 1861. General Fremont declared martial law, and declared that the slaves of all persons who should thereafter take an active part with the enemies of the Government should be free.
56
HISTORY OF MISSOURI.
September 2, 1861. General Jeff. Thompson issued a proclamation in response to Fremont's proclamation.
September 7, 1861. Battle at Drywood Creek.
September 11, 1861. President Lincoln modified the clause in Gen- eral Fremont's declaration of martial law, in reference to the confiscation of property and liberation of slaves.
September 12, 1861. General Price begins the attack at Springfield on Colonel Mulligan's forces.
September 20, 1861. Colonel Mulligan with 2,640 men surrendered. October 25, 1861. Second battle at Springfield.
November 2, 1861. General Fremont succeeded by General David Hunter.
November 7, 1861. General Grant attacked Belmont.
November 9, 1861. General Hunter succeeded by General Halleck, who took command on the 19th of same month, with headquarters in St. Louis.
November 27, 1861. General Price issued proclamation calling for 50,000 men, at Neosho, Missouri.
December 12, 1861. General Hunter issued his order of assessment .upon certain wealthy citizens in St. Louis, for feeding and clothing Union refugees.
December 23-25, 1861. Declared martial law in St. Louis and the country adjacent, and covering all the railroad lines.
March 6, 1862. Battle at Pea Ridge between the forces under Gen- erals Curtis and Van Dorn.
January 8, 1862. Provost Marshal Farrar, of St. Louis, issued the following order in reference to newspapers :
OFFICE OF THE PROVOST MARSHAL, GENERAL DEPARTMENT OF MISSOURI, ST. LOUIS, January 8, 1862.
(General Order No. 10.)
It is hereby ordered that from and after this date the publishers of newspapers in the State of Missouri, (St. Louis city papers excepted), furnish to this office, immediately upon publication, one copy of each issue, for inspection. A failure to comply with this order will render the newspaper liable to suppression.
Local Provost Marshals will furnish the proprietors with copies of this order, and attend to its immediate enforcement.
BERNARD G. FARRAR, Provost Marshal General.
January 26, 1862. General Halleck issued order (No. 18) which for- bade, among other things, the display of Secession flags in the hands of women or on carriages, in the vicinity of the military prison in McDow- ell's College, the carriages to be confiscated and the offending women to be arrested.
57
HISTORY OF MISSOURI.
February 4, 1862. General Halleck issued another order similar to Order No. 18, to railway companies, and to the professors and directors of the State University at Columbia, forbidding the funds of the institu- tion to be used "to teach treason or to instruct traitors."
February 20, 1862. Special Order No. 120 convened a military com- mission, which sat in Columbia, March following, and tried Edmund J. Ellis, of Columbia, editor and proprietor of the Boone County Standard, for the publication of information for the benefit of the enemy, and encouraging resistance to the United States Government. Ellis was found guilty, was banished during the war from Missouri, and his print- ing materials confiscated and sold.
April, 1862. General Halleck left for Corinth, Mississippi, leaving General Schofield in command.
June, 1862. Battle at Cherry Grove between the forces under Colonel Joseph C. Porter and Colonel H. S. Lipscomb.
June, 1862. Battle at Pierce's Mill between the forces under Major John Y. Clopper and Colonel Porter.
. . .
July 22, 1862. Battle at Florida.
"July 28, 1862. Battle at Moore's Mill.
August 6, 1862. Battle near Kirksville.
August 11, 1862. Battle at Independence.
August 16, 1862. Battle at Lone Jack.
September 13, 1862. Battle at Newtonia.
September 25, 1862. Ten Confederate prisoners were executed at Macon by order of General Merrill.
October 18, 1862. Ten Confederate prisoners executed at Palmyra by order of General McNeill.
January 8, 1863. Battle at Springfield between the foces of General Marmaduke and General E. B. Brown.
April 36, 1863. Battle at Cape Girardeau.
August -, 1863. General Jeff. Thompson captured at Pocahontas, Arkansas, with his staff.
August 25, 1863. General Thomas Ewing issued his celebrated Order No. 1I, at Kansas City, Missouri, which is as follows :
HEADQUARTERS DISTRICT OF THE BORDER, KANSAS CITY, MO., August 25, 1863.
(" General Order No. II.")
First .- All persons living in Cass, Jackson and Bates Counties, Mis- souri, and in that part of Vernon included in this district, except those living within one mile of the limits of Independence, Hickman's Mills, Pleasant Hill and Harrisonville, and except those in that part of Kaw Township, Jackson County, north of Brush Creek and west of the Big Blue, embracing Kansas City and Westport, are hereby ordered to remove from their present places of residence within fifteen days from the date hereof.
4
58
HISTORY OF MISSOURI.
Those who, within that time, establish their loyalty to the satisfac- tion of the commanding officer of the military station nearest their present places of residence, will receive from him certificates stating the fact of their loyalty, and the names of the witnesses by whom it can be shown. All who receive such certificate will be permitted to remove to any military station in this district, or to any part of the State of Kansas, except the counties on the eastern borders of the state. All others shall remove out of this district. Officers commanding companies and detach- ments serving in the counties named, will see that this paragraph is promptly obeyed.
Second .- All grain and hay in the field, or under shelter, in the dis- trict from which the inhabitants are required to remove, within reach of military stations, after the 9th day of September next, will be taken to such stations and turned over to the proper officer there, and report of the amount so turned over made to district headquarters, specifying the names of all loyal owners and the amount of such produce taken from them. All grain and hay found in such district after the 9th day of Sep- tember next, not convenient to such stations, will be destroyed.
Third .- The provisions of General Order No. 10, from these head- quarters, will at once be vigorously executed by officers commanding in the parts of the district, and at stations not subject to the operations of paragraph First of this Order-and especially in the towns of Independ- ence, Westport and Kansas City.
Fourth-Paragraph 3, General Order No. 10, is revoked as to all who have borne arms against the government in the district since August 20, 1863.
By order of Brigadier-General Ewing. H. HANNAHS, Adjutant.
October 12-13, 1863. Battle of Arrow Creek.
January, 1864. General Rosecrans takes command of the depart- mènt.
September, 1864. Battle at Pilot Knob, Harrison and Little Mor- ceau River.
September 27, 1864. Massacre at Centralia, by Captain William Anderson.
October 5, 1864. Battle at Prince's Ford and James Gordon's farm.
October 15, 1864. Battle at Glasgow.
October 20, 1864. Battle at Little Blue Creek.
October 27, 1864. Capt. Anderson killed.
December -, 1864. General Rosecrans relieved, and General Dodge appointed to succeed him.
Nothing occurred specially, of a military character, in the state, after December, 1864. We have, in the main, given the facts as they occurred, without comment or entering into details. Many of the minor incidents and skirmishes of the war have been omitted because of our limited space.
It is utterly impossible, at this date, to give the names and dates of all the battles fought in Missouri during the civil war. It will be found,
59
HISTORY OF MISSOURI.
however, that the list given below, which has been arranged for conven- ience, contains the prominent battles and skirmishes which took place within the State :
Potosi, May 14, 1861. Booneville, June 17, 1861. Carthage, July 5, 1861. Monroe Station, July 10, 1861. Overton's Run, July 17, 1861. Dug Spring, August 2, 1861.
Wilson's Creek, August 9, 1861. Athens, August 5, 1861.
Moreton, August 20, 1861.
Bennett's Mills, September -, 1861. Drywood Creek, September 7, 1861. Norfolk, September 10, 1861.
Lexington, September 12-20, 1861. Blue Mills Landing, September 17, 1861.
Glasgow Mistake, September 20, 1861. Osceola, September 25, 1861.
Shanghai, October 13, 1861. Lebanon, October 13, 1861. Linn Creek, October 15, 1861. Big River Bridge, October 15, 1861.
Fredericktown, October 21, 1861. Springfield, October 25, 1861. Belmont, November 7, 1861. Piketon, November 8, 1861. Little Blue, November 10, 1861.
Clark's Station, November II, 1861. Zion Church, December 28, 1861. Silver Creek, January 15, 1862.
New Madrid, February 28, 1862.
Pea Ridge, March 6, 1862. Neosho, April 22, 1862. Rose Hill, July 10, 1862. Chariton River, July 30, 1862.
Cherry Grove, June -, 1862. Pierce's Mill, June -, 1862. Florida, July 22, 1862. Moore's Mill, July 28, 1862. Kirksville, August 6, 1862. Compton's Ferry, August 8, 1862. Yellow Creek, August 13, 1862.
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HISTORY OF MISSOURI.
Independence, August 11, 1862. Lone Jack, August 16, 1862. Newtonia, September 13, 1862. Springfield, January 8, 1863. Cape Girardeau, April 29, 1863. Arrow Rock, October 12 and 13, 1863. Pilot Knob, September -, 1864. Harrison, September -, 1864 Moreau River, October 7, 1864.
Prince's Ford, October 5, 1864. Glasgow, October 15, 1864. Little Blue Creek, October 20, 1864.
Albany, October 27, 1864. Near Rocheport, September 23, 1864. Centralia, September 27, 1864.
CHAPTER X.
AGRICULTURE AND MATERIAL WEALTH.
MISSOURI AS AN AGRICULTURAL STATE-THE DIFFERENT CROPS-LIVE STOCK-HORSES MULES-MILCH COWS-OXEN AND OTHER CATTLE-SHEEP- HOGS-COMPARISONS- MISSOURI ADAPTED TO LIVE STOCK-COTTON-BROOM-CORN AND OTHER PRO- DUCTS - FRUITS - BERRIES-GRAPES - RAILROADS-FIRST NEIGH OF THE " IRON HORSE" IN MISSOURI-NAMES OF RAILROADS-MANUFACTURES-GREAT BRIDGE AT ST. LOUIS.
Agriculture is the greatest among all the arts of man, as it is the first in supplying his necessities. It favors and strengthens population ; it creates and maintains manufactures ; gives employment to navigation, and furnishes materials to commerce. It animates every species of indus- try, and opens to nations the safest channels of wealth. It is the strong- est bond of well-regulated society, the surest basis of internal peace, and the natural associate of correct morals. Among all the occupations and professions of life there is none more honorable, none more independent and none more conducive to health and happiness.
"In ancient times the sacred plow employ'd The kings, and awful fathers of mankind ; And some, with whom compared, your insect tribes Are but the beings of a summer's day, Have held the scale of empire, ruled the storm Of mighty war with unwearied hand, Disdaining little delicacies, seized The plow and greatly independent lived."
61
HISTORY OF MISSOURI.
As an agricultural region, Missouri is not surpassed by any state in the Union. It is indeed the farmer's kingdom, where he always reaps an abundant harvest. The soil, in many portions of the state, has an open, flexible structure, quickly absorbs the most excessive rains, and retains moisture with great tenacity. This being the case it is not so easily affected by drouth. The prairies are covered with sweet, luxuri- ant grass, equally good for grazing and hay ; grass not surpassed by the Kentucky blue grass-the best of clover and timothy in growing and fattening cattle. This grass is now as full of life-giving nutriment as it was when cropped by the buffalo, the elk, the antelope and the deer, and costs the herdsman nothing.
No state or territory has a more complete or rapid system of nat- ural drainage, or a more abundant supply of pure, fresh water, than Missouri. Both man and beast may slake their thirst from a thousand perennial fountains, which gush in limpid streams from the hillsides and wend their way through verdant valleys and along smiling prairies, varying in size as they onward flow, from the diminutive brooklet to the giant river.
Here nature has generously bestowed her attractions of climate, soil and scenery to please and gratify man while earning his bread in the sweat of his brow. Being thus munificiently endowed, Missouri offers superior inducements to the farmer, and bids him enter her broad domain and avail himself of her varied resources.
We present here a table showing the product of each principal crop in Missouri for 1878.
Indian Corn
93,062,000 bushels
Wheat
20, 196 000
Rye
732,000
Oats .
19,584 000
Buckwheat 46,400 66
Potatoes .
5,415,000
Tobacco
23 023,000 pounds
Hay .
I 620,000 tons
There were 3,522,000 acres in corn ; wheat, 1,836,000 ; rye, 48,800 ; oats, 640,000 ; buckwheat, 2,900 ; potatoes, 72,200 ; tobacco, 29,900 ; hay; 850,000. Value of each crop : corn, $24,196,224 ; wheat, $13,531,320 ; rye, $300, 120 ; oats, $3,325, 120 ; buckwheat, $24,128 ; potatoes, $2,057,- 700 ; tobacco, $1, 151,150 ; hay, $10,416,600.
Average cash value of crops per acre, $7.69 ; average yield of corn per acre, 26. bushels ; wheat, II bushels.
Next in importance to the corn crop in value is the live stock. The following table shows the number of horses, mules and milch cows in the different states for 1879 :
62
HISTORY OF MISSOURI.
STATES.
HORSES.
MULES.
MILCH COWS.
Maine
81,700
169,100
New Hampshire
57,100
98,100
Vermont .
77 400
.
217,800
Massachusetts
131,000
. . .
160 700
Rhode Island
16,200
22,000
Connecticut
53 500
116,500
New York
898,000
11,800
1,446,200
New Jersey
J 14,500
14,400
152,200
Pennsylvania .
614 500
24,900
828,400
Delaware
19,900
4,000
23.200
Maryland
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