USA > Missouri > Linn County > The history of Linn county, Missouri. An encyclopedia of useful information > Part 3
Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).
Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5 | Part 6 | Part 7 | Part 8 | Part 9 | Part 10 | Part 11 | Part 12 | Part 13 | Part 14 | Part 15 | Part 16 | Part 17 | Part 18 | Part 19 | Part 20 | Part 21 | Part 22 | Part 23 | Part 24 | Part 25 | Part 26 | Part 27 | Part 28 | Part 29 | Part 30 | Part 31 | Part 32 | Part 33 | Part 34 | Part 35 | Part 36 | Part 37 | Part 38 | Part 39 | Part 40 | Part 41 | Part 42 | Part 43 | Part 44 | Part 45 | Part 46 | Part 47 | Part 48 | Part 49 | Part 50 | Part 51 | Part 52 | Part 53 | Part 54 | Part 55 | Part 56 | Part 57 | Part 58 | Part 59 | Part 60 | Part 61 | Part 62 | Part 63 | Part 64 | Part 65 | Part 66 | Part 67 | Part 68 | Part 69 | Part 70 | Part 71 | Part 72 | Part 73 | Part 74 | Part 75 | Part 76 | Part 77 | Part 78 | Part 79 | Part 80 | Part 81 | Part 82 | Part 83 | Part 84 | Part 85 | Part 86 | Part 87 | Part 88 | Part 89 | Part 90 | Part 91
The St. Francis and White Rivers, with their branches, drain the southeastern part of the State, and pass into Arkansas. The Osage is navigable for steamboats for more than 275 miles. There are a vast number of smaller streams, such as creeks, branches and rivers, which water the State in all directions.
Timber .- Not more towering in their sublimity were the cedars of ancient Lebanon, nor more precious in their utility were the almung-trees of Ophir, than the native forests of Missouri. The river bottoms are covered with a luxuriant growth of oak, ash, elm, hickory, cottonwood, linn, white and black walnut, and in fact, all the varieties found in the Atlantic and Eastern States. In the more barren districts may be seen the white and pin oak, and in many places a dense growth of pine. The crab apple, papaw and persimmon are abundant, as also the hazel and pecan.
Climate .- The climate of Missouri is, in general, pleasant and salubrious. Like that of North America, it is changeable, and subject to sudden and sometimes extreme changes of heat and cold; but it is decidediy milder, taking the whole year through, than that of the same latitudes east of the mountains. While the summers are not more oppressive than they are in the corresponding latitudes on and near the Atlantic coast, the winters are shorter, and very much milder, except during the month of February, which has many days of pleasant sunshine.
Prairies. - Missouri is a prairie State, especially that portion of it north and north west of the Missouri River. These prairies, along the water courses, abound with the thickest and most luxurious belts of timber, while the "rolling " prairies occupy the higher portions of the country, the descent generally to the forests or bottom lands being over only declivities. Many of these prairies, however, ex-
.
15
HISTORY OF MISSOURI.
hibit a gracefully waving surface, swelling and sinking with an easy slope, and a full, rounded outline, equally avoiding the unmeaning horizontal surface and the interruption of abrupt or angular elevations.
These prairies often embrace extensive tracts of land, and in one or two in- stances they cover an area of fifty thousand acres. During the spring and summer they are carpeted with a velvet of green, and gaily bedecked with flowers of various forms and hues, making a most fascinating panorama of ever changing color and loveliness. To fully appreciate their great beauty and magnitude, they must be seen.
Soil .- The soil of Missouri is good, and of great agricultural capabilities, but the most fertile portions of the State are the river bottoms, which are a rich allu- vium, mixed in many cases with sand, the producing qualities of which are not excelled by the prolific valley of the famous Nile.
South of the Missouri River there is a greater variety of soil, but much of it is fertile, and even in the mountains and mineral districts there are rich valleys, and about the sources of the White, Eleven Points, Current and Big Black Rivers, the soil, though unproductive, furnishes a valuable growth of yellow pine.
The marshy lands in the southeastern part of the State will, by a system of drainage, be one of the most fertile districts in the State.
POPULATION BY COUNTIES IN 1870, 1876, 1880.
Adair
11,449
13,774
15,190
Atchison
8,440
10,925
14,565
Audrain
12,307
15,157
19,739
Barry .
10,373
11,146
14,424
Barton
5,087
6,900
10,332
Bates
15,960
17,484
25,382
Benton
11,322
II,027
12,398
Bollinger
8,162
8,884
11,132
Boone
20,765
31,923
25,424
Buchanan
35,109
38, 165
49,824
Butler
4,298
4,363
6,011
Caldwell
11,390
12,200
13,654
Callaway
19,202
25,257
23,670
Camden
6,108
7,027
7,269
Cape Girardeau
17,558
17,891
20,998
Carroll
17,440
21,498
23,300
Carter
1,440
1,549
2,168
Cass .
19,299
18,069
22,43I
Cedar
9,47I
9,897
10,747
Chariton
19,136
23,294
25,224
Christian
6,707
7,936
9,632
Clark
13,667
14,549
15,631
Clay
15,564
15,320
15,579
Clinton
14,063
13,698
16,073
Cole .
10,292
14,122
15,519
Cooper .
20,692
21,356
21,622
Crawford
7,982
9,391
10,763
Đade
8,683
11,089
12,557
Dallas
8,383
8,073
9,272
Daviess
14,410
16,557
19,174
DeKalb .
9,858
11,159
13,343
Dent .
6,357
7,401
10,647
1870.
1876.
1880.
Andrew
15,137
14,992
16,318
.
.
16
HISTORY OF MISSOURI.
Douglas
3,915
6,461
7,753
Dunklin
5,982
6,255
9,604
Franklin .
30,098
26,924
26,536
Gasconade
10,093
11,160
11,153
Gentry .
11, 607
12,673
17,188
Greene .
21,549
24,693
28,817
Grundy
10,567
13,07.I
15,20I
Harrison
14,635
18,530
20,318
Henry
17,40I
18,465
23,914
Hickory
6,452
5,870
7,388
Holt .
11,652
13,245
15,510
Howard
17,233
17,815
18,428
Howell
4,218
6,756
8,8₮4
Iron
6,278
6,623
8,183
Jackson
55,04I
54,045
82,328
Jasper .
14,928
29,384
32,021
Jefferson
15,380
16,186
18,736
Johnson
24,648
23,646
28,177
Knox
10,974
12,678
13,047
Laclede
9,380
9,845
11,524
Lafayette
22,624
22,204
25,76I
Lawrence
13,067
13,054
17,585
Lewis
15,114
16,360
15,925
Lincoln
15,960
16,858
17,443
Linn .
15,906
18, IIO
20,016
Livingston
16,730
18,074
20,205
McDonald
5,226
6,072
7,816
Macon
23,230
25,028
26,223
Madison
5,849
8,750
8,866
Maries
5,916
6,481
7,304
Marion
23,780
22,794
24,837
Mercer
11,557
13,393
14,674
Miller
6,616
8,529
9,807
Mississippi .
4,982
7,498
9,270
Moniteau .
13,375
13,084
14,349
Monroe
17,149
17,75I
19,075
Montgomery .
10,405
14,418
16,250
Morgan .
8,434
9,529
IO,134
New Madrid
6,357
6,673
7,694
Newton .
12,82I
16,875
18,948
Nodaway
14,75I
23, 196
29,560
Oregon
3,287
4,469
5,791
Osage .
10,793
II,200
11,824
Ozark .
3,363
4,579
5,618
Perry
18,706
23, 167
27,285
Phelps
10,506
9,919
12,565
Pike
23,076
22,828
26,716
Platte
17,352
15,948
17,372
Polk
14,445
13,467
15,745
Pulaski
4,714
6,157
7,250
Putnam
11,217
12,64I
13,556
Ralls
10,510
9,997
11,838
Randolph
15,908
19,173
22,751
Pemiscot
2,059
2,573
4,299
9,877
11, 189
11,895
Pettis .
.
FEI FEI
KAFEDEEIVAN
ERECTED 1838.
BELONGS TO THE STATE.
STATE CAPITOL, JEFFERSON CITY. GOVERNOR'S MANSION, JEFFERSON CITY, MISSOURI .- 1881.
"The most beautiful site occupied by any State Capitol in the Union."-BAYARD TAYLOR.
18
HISTORY OF MISSOURI.
Ray .
18,700
18,394
20, 196
Reynolds
3,756
4,716
5,722
Ripley
3,175
3,913
5,377
St. Charles .
21,3C4
21,82I
23,060
St. Clair .
6,742
II,242
14,126
St. Francois
9,742
11,62I
13,822
Ste. Genevieve
8,384
9,409
10,309
St. Louis*
351,189
31,888
Saline
21, 672
27,087
29,912
Schuyler
8,820
9,881
10,470
Scotland .
10,670
12,030
12,507
Scott .
7,317
7,312
8,587
Shannon
2,339
3,236
3,441
Sheiby
10, 119
13,243
14,024
Stoddard
8,535
10,888
13,432
Stone .
3,253
3,544
4,405
Sullivan
II.907
14,039
16,569
Taney
4,407
6, 124
5,605
Texas
9,618
10, 287
12,207
Vernon .
II,247
14,413
19,370
Warren .
9,673
10,32I
10,806
Washington
11,719
13,100
12,895
Wayne .
6,068
7,006
9,097
Webster
10,434
10,684
12,175
Worth
5,004
7,164
8,208
Wright
5,684
6, 124
9,733
City of St. Louis
1,721,295
1,547,030
2, 168,804
Males .
1,127,424
Females .
1, 041,380
Native .
. 1,957,564
Foreign
211, 240
White .
2,023, 568
Coloredt
145,236
CHAPTER III. GEOLOGY OF MISSOURI.
Classification of Rocks-Quatenary Formation -- Tertiary-Cretaceous-Carboniferous-Devonian -Silurian-Azoic-Economic Geology --- Coal-Iron-Lead-Copper-Zinc-Building Stone -Marble .- Gypsum-Lime-Clays-Paints-Springs-Water Power.
The stratified rocks of Missouri, as classified and treated of by Prof. G. C. Swallow, belong to the following divisions: I. Quatenary; II. Tertiary; III. Cretaceous ; IV. Carboniferous ; V. Devonian ; VI. Silurian , VII. Azoic.
"The Quatenary formations, are the most recent, and the most valuable to man : valuable, because they can be more readily utilized.
* St. Louis city and county separated in 1877. Population for 1876 not given.
t Including 92 Chinese, 2 half Chinese, and 96 Indians and half-breeds.
350,522
19
HISTORY OF MISSOURI.
The Quatenary formation in Missouri, embraces the Alluvium, 30 feet thick ; Bottom Prairie, 30 feet thick ; Bluff, 200 feet thick ; and Drift, 155 feet thick. The latest deposits are those which constitute the Alluvium, and includes the soils, pebbles and sand, clays, vegetable mold, bog, iron ore, marls, etc.
The Alluvium deposits, cover an area, within the limits of Missouri, of more than four millions acres of land, which are not surpassed for fertility by any region of country on the globe.
The Bluff Prairie formation is confined to the low lands, which are washed by the two great rivers which course our eastern and western boundaries, and while it is only about half as extensive as the Alluvial, it is equally as rich and productive."
" The Bluff formation," says Prof. Swallow, "rests upon the ridges and river bluffs, and descends along their slopes to the lowest valleys, the formation cap- ping all the Bluffs of the Missouri from Fort Union to its mouth, and those of the Mississippi from Dubuque to the mouth of the Ohio. It forms the upper stratum beneath the soil of all the high lands, both timber and prairies, of all the counties north of the Osage and Missouri, and also St. Louis, and the Mississippi counties on the south.
Its greatest development is in the counties on the Missouri River from the Iowa line to Boonville. In some localities it is 200 feet thick. At St. Joseph it is 140 ; at Boonville 100 ; and at St. Louis, in St. George's quarry, and the Big Mourd, it is about 50 feet ; while its greatest observed thickness in Marion county was only 30 feet."
The Drift formation is that which lies beneath the Bluff formation, having, as Prof. Swallow informs us, three distinct deposits, to-wit : "Altered Drift, which are strata of sand and pebbles, seen in the banks of the Missouri, in the north- western portion of the state.
The Boulder formation is a heterogeneous stratum of sand, gravel and boulder, and water-worn fragments of the older rocks.
Boulder Clay is a bed of bluish or brown sandy clay, through which pebbles are scattered in greater or less abundance. In some localities in northern Missouri, this formation assumes a pure white, pipe-clay color."
The Tertiary formation is made up of clays, shales, iron ores, sandstone, and sands, scattered along the bluffs, and edges of the bottoms, reaching from Com- merce, Scott county, to Stoddard, and south to the Chalk Bluffs in Arkansas.
The Cretaceous formation lies beneath the Tertiary, and is composed of variegated sandstone, bluish-brown sandy slate, whitish-brown impure sandstone, fine white clay mingled with spotted flint, purple, red and blue clays, all being in the aggregate, 158 feet in thickness. There are no fossils in these rocks, and nothing by which their age may be told.
The Carboniferous system includes the Upper Carboniferous or coal- measures, and the Lower Carboniferous or Mountain limestone. The coal- measures are made up of numerous strata of sandstones, limestones, shales, clays, marls, spathic iron ores, and coals. .
The Carboniferous formation, including coal-measures and the beds of iron, embrace an area in Missouri of 27,000 square miles. The varieties of coal found in the State are the common bituminous and cannal coals, and they exist in quantities inexhaustible. The fact that these coal measures are full of fossils, which are always confined to the coal measures, enables the geologist to point them out, and the coal beds contained in them.
The rocks of the Lower Carboniferous formation are varied in color, and are quarried in many different parts of the State, being extensively utilized for build- ing and other purposes.
Among the Lower Carboniferous rocks is found the Upper Archimedes Limestone, 200 feet ; Ferruginous Sandstone, 195 feet ; Middle Archimedes, 50
20
HISTORY OF MISSOURI.
feet ; St. Louis Limestone, 250 feet ; Oölitic Limestone, 25 feet; Lower Archi- medes Limestone, 350 feet ; and Encrinital Limestone, 500 feet. These lime- stones generally contain fossils.
The Ferruginous limestone is soft when quarried, but becomes hard and du- rable after exposure. Itcontains large quantities of iron, and is found skirting the eastern coal measures from the mouth of the Des Moines to McDonald county.
The St. Louis limestone is of various hues and tints, and very hard. It is found in Clark, Lewis and St. Louis counties.
The Lower Archimedes limestone includes partly the lead bearing rocks of Southwestern Missouri.
The Encrinital limestone is the most extensive of the divisions of Carbonifer- ous limestone, and is made up of brown, buff, gray and white. In these strata åre found the remains of corals and mollusks. This formation extends from Marion county to Greene county. The Devonian system contains : Chemung Group, Hamilton Group, Onondaga limestone and Oriskany sandstone. The rocks of the Devonian system are found in Marion, Ralls, Pike, Callaway, Saline and St. Gene- vieve counties.
The Chemung Group has three formations, Chouteau limestone, 85 feet; Ver- micular sandstone and shales, 75 feet; Lithographic limestone, 125 feet.
The Chouteau limestone is in two divisions, when fully developed, and when first quarried is soft. It is not only good for building purposes but makes an ex- cellent cement.
The Vermicular sandstone and shales are usually buff or yellowish brown, and perforated with pores.
The Lithographic limestone is a pure, fine, compact, evenly-textured lime- stone. Its color varies from light drab to buff and blue. It is called " pot met- al," because under the hammer it gives a sharp, ringing sound. It has but few fossils.
The Hamilton Group is made up of some 40 feet of blue shales, and 170 feet of crystalline limestone.
Onondaga limestone is usually a coarse, gray or buff crystalline, thick-bedded and cherty limestone. No formation in Missouri presents such variable and wide- ly different lithological characters as the Onondaga.
The Oriskany sandstone is a light, gray limestone.
Of the Upper Silurian series there are the following formations : Lower Hel- derburg, 350 feet ; Niagara Group, 200 feet ; Cape Girardeau limestone, 60 feet.
The Lower Helderberg is made up of buff, gray and reddish cherty and ar- gillaceous limestone.
Niagara Group. The upper part of this group consists of red, yellow and ash- colored shales, with compact limestones, variegated with bands and nodules of chert.
The Cape Girardeau limestone, on the Mississippi River near Cape Girardeau, is a compact, bluish-gray, brittle limestone, with smooth fractures in layers from two to six inches in thickness, with argillaceous partings. These strata contain a great many fossils.
The Lower Silurian has the following ten formations, to-wit : Hudson River Group, 220 feet ; Trenton limestone, 360 feet; Black River and Bird's Eye lime- stone, 175 feet ; first Magnesian limestone, 200 feet; Saccharoidal sandstone, 125 feet ; second Magnesian limestone, 250 feet ; second sandstone, 115 feet ; third Magnesian limestone, 350 feet ; third sandstone, 60 feet ; fourth Magnesian lime- stone, 350 feet.
Hudson River Group :- There are three formations which Prof. Swallow re- fers to in this group. These formations are found in the bluff above and below Louisiana; on the Grassy a few miles northwest of Louisiana, and in Ralls, Pike, Cape Girardeau and Ste. Genevieve Counties.
21
HISTORY OF MISSOURI.
Trenton limestone :- The upper part of this formation is made up of thick beds of hard, compact, bluish-gray and drab limestone, variegated with irregular cavities, filled with greenish materials.
The beds are exposed between Hannibal and New London, north of Salt River, and near Glencoe, St. Louis county, and are 75 feet thick.
Black River and Bird's Eye limestone the same color as the Trenton lime- stone.
The first Magnesian limestone cap the picturesque bluffs of the Osage in Ben- ton and neighboring counties.
The Saccharoidal sandstone has a wide range in the state. In a bluff about two miles from Warsaw, is a very striking change of thickness of this formation. Second Magnesian limestone, in lithological character, is like the first.
The second sandstone, usually of yellowish-brown, sometimes becomes a pure white, fine-grained, soft, sandstone as on Cedar Creek, in Washington and Frank- lin counties.
The third Magnesian limestone is exposed in the high and picturesque bluffs of the Niangua, in the neighborhood of Bryces' Spring.
The third sandstone is white and has a formation in moving water.
The fourth Magnesian limestone is seen on the Niangua and Osage Rivers.
The Azoic rocks lie below the Silurian and form a series of silicious and other slates which contain no remains of organic life.
ECONOMIC GEOLOGY.
Coal .- Missouri is particularly rich in minerals. Indeed, no State in the Union, surpasses her in this respect. In some unknown age of the past-long before the existence of man, nature, by a wise process, made a bountiful provis- ion, for the time, when in the order of things, it should be necessary for civilized man-to take possession of these broad, rich prairies. As an equivalent for lack of forests, she quietly stored away beneath the soil, those wonderful carboniferous treasures for the use of man.
Geological surveys, have developed the fact, that the coal deposits in the State, are almost unnumbered, embracing all varieties of the best bituminous coal. The southeast boundary of the State, has been ascertained, to be one continuous coal field, stretching from the mouth of the Des Moines River, through Clark, Lewis, Scotland, Adair, Macon, Shelby, Monroe, Audrain, Callaway, Boone, Cooper, Pettis, Benton, Henry, St. Clair, Bates, Vernon, Cedar, Dade, Barton, and Jasper, into the Indian Territory, and the counties on the northwest of this line contain more or less coal. Coal rocks exist in Ralls, Montgomery, Warren, St. Charles, Moniteau, Cole, Morgan, Crawford, and Lincoln, and during the past few years, all along the lines of all the railroads in north Missouri, and along the western end of the Missouri Pacific, and on the Missouri River, between Kansas City and Sioux City, has systematic mining, opened up hundreds of mines in different localities. The area of our coal beds, on the line of the south- western boundary of the State alone, embrace more than 26,000 square miles, of regular coal measures. This will give of workable coal, if the average be one foot, 26,800,000,000 tons. The estimates from the developments already made, in the different portions of the State, will give 134,000, 000, 000 tons.
The economical value of this coal, to the State; its influence in domestic life ; in navigation, commerce and manufactures, is beyond the imagination Of man to conceive. Suffice it to say, that in the possession of her developed, and undeveloped coal mines, Missouri has a motive power, which in its influences for good, in the civilization of man, is more potent than the gold of California.
Iron .- Prominent among the minerals, which increase the power and pros- perity of a Nation, is iron. Of this ore, Missouri has an inexhaustible quantity, and like her coal fields, it has been developed in many portions of the State,
·
22
HISTORY OF MISSOURI.
and of the best and purest quality. It is found in great abundance in the coun- ties of Cooper, St. Clair, Green, Henry, Franklin, Benton, Dallas, Camden, Stone, Madison, Iron, Washington, Perry, St. Francois, Reynolds, Stoddard, Scott, Dent and others. The greatest deposit of iron, is found in the Iron Mountain, which is two hundred feet high, and covers an area of five hundred acres, and produces a metal, which is shown by analysis, to contain from 65 to 69 per cent of metallic iron.
The ore of Shepherd Mountain contains from 64 to 67 per cent of metallic
iron. The ore of Pilot Knob, contains from 53 to 60 per cent.
Rich beds of iron, are also found at the Big Bogy Mountain, and at Russell Mountain. This ore has in its nude state, a variety of colors, from the red, dark red, black, brown, to a light bluish gray. The red ores are found in 21 or more counties of the State, and are of great commercial value. The brown hematite iron ores, extend over a greater range of country, than all the others combined ; embracing about 100 counties, and have been ascertained to exist in these in large quantities.
Lead .- Long before any permanent settlements were made in Missouri, by the whites, lead was mined within the limits of the state, at two or three points on the. Mississippi. At this time more than five hundred mines are opened; and many of them are being successfully worked. These deposits of lead cover an area, so far as developed, of more than 7,000 square miles. Mines have been opened in Jefferson, Washington, St. Francis, Madison, Wayne, Carter, Reynolds, Crawford, Ste. Genevieve, Perry, Cole, Cape Girardeau, Camden, Morgan and many other counties.
Copper and Zinc .- Several varieties of copper ore are found in Missouri. The copper mines of Shannon, Madison, and Franklin counties have been known for years, and some of these have been successfully worked, and are now yielding good results.
Deposits of copper have been discovered in Dent, Crawford, Benton, Maries, Green, Lawrence, Dade, Taney, Dallas, Phelps, Reynolds, and Wright counties.
Zinc is abundant in nearly all the lead mines in the southwestern part of the state, and since the completion of the A. & P. R. R. a market has been furnished for this ore, which will be converted into valuable merchandise.
Building Stone and Marble .- There is no scarcity of good building stone in Missouri. Limestone, sandstone, and granite exist in all shades of buff, blue, red, and brown, and are of great beauty as building material.
There are many marble beds in the state, some of which furnish very beauti- ful and excellent marble. It is found in Marion, Cooper, St. Louis, and other counties.
One of the most desirable of the Missouri marbles is in the 3d Magnesian limestone, on the Niangua. It is fine-grained, crystalline, silico-magnesian lime- stone, light-drab, slightly tinged with peach blossom, and clouded by deep flesh- colored shades. In ornamental architecture it is rarely surpassed.
Gypsum and Lime .- Though no extensive beds of gypsum have been discovered in Missouri, there are vast beds of the pure white crystalline variety on the line of the Kansas Pacific Railroad, on Kansas River, and on Gypsum Creek. It exists lso in several other localities accessible by both rail and boat.
All of the limestone formations in the State, from the coal measures to the fourth Magnesian, have more or less strata of very nearly pure carbonate of pure lime.
Clays and Paints .- Clays are found in nearly all parts of the State suitable for making bricks. Potters' clay, and fire-clay are worked in many localities.
There are several beds of purple shades in the coal measures which possess the properties requisite for paints used in outside work. Yellow and red ochres are
23
HISTORY OF MISSOURI.
found in considerable quantities on the Missouri River. Some of these paints have been thoroughly tested and found fire-proof and durable.
SPRINGS AND WATER POWER.
No State is, perhaps, better supplied with cold springs of pure water than Missouri. Out of the bottoms there is scarcely a section of land but has one or more perennial springs of good water. Even where there are no springs good water can be obtained by digging from twenty to forty feet. Salt springs are abundant in the central part of the State, and discharge their brine in Cooper, Saline, Howard, and adjoining counties. Considerable salt was made in Cooper and Howard counties at an early day.
Sulphur springs are also numerous throughout the State. The Chouteau springs in Cooper, the Monagaw springs in St. Clair, the Elk springs in Pike, and the Cheltenham springs in St. Louis county have acquired considerable reputation as salubrious waters, and have become popular places of resort. Many other counties have good sulphur springs.
Among the Chalybeate springs the Sweet springs on the Blackwater, and the Chalybeate spring in the University campus are, perhaps, the most popular of the kind in the State. There are, however, other springs impregnated with some of the salts of iron.
Petroleum springs are found in Carroll, Ray, Randolph, Cass, Lafayette, Bates, Vernon, and other counties. The variety called lubricating oil is the more common.
The water power of the State is excellent. Large springs are particularly abundant on the waters of the Maramec, Gasconade, Bourbeuse, Osage, Niangua, Spring, White, Sugar, and other streams. Besides these, there are hundreds of springs sufficiently large to drive mills and factories, and the day is not far distant when these crystal fountains will be utilized, and a thousand saws will buzz to their dashing music.
CHAPTER IV.
TITLE AND EARLY SETTLEMENTS. .
Title to Missouri Lands-Right of Discovery-Title of France and Spain-Cession to the United States-Territorial Changes-Treaties with Indians-First Settlement-Ste. Genevieve and New Bourbon-St. Louis-When Incorporated-Potosi-St. Charles-Portage des Sioux- New Madrid-St. Francois County-Perry-Mississippi-Loutre Island-" Boon's Lick"- Cote Sans Dessein-Howard County-Some First Things-Counties-When Organized.
Need help finding more records? Try our genealogical records directory which has more than 1 million sources to help you more easily locate the available records.