USA > North Carolina > Durham County > Durham > Hill's Durham (Durham County, N.C.) City Directory [1959] > Part 1
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"SERVICE WITH ABILITY"
DURHAM REALTY AND INSURANCE COMPANY 109 N. MARKET TELEPHONE 6961
ASSOCIATION SOPAWEG9 schut
"YOUR FRIENDLY BANK SINCE 1905"
THE CITIZENS NATIONAL BANK
Members Federal Reserve System - Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
MAIN AT MANGUM
TELEPHONE 6111
TAR HEEL CONSTRUCTION CO.
RALPH B. WRENN - WALLACE L. WRENN Owners
RESIDENTIAL - COMMERCIAL - INDUSTRIAL
1715 WYNNE ROAD
DIAL 8-5753 or 6-4360
GEO. W. KANE
GENERAL
ALED
- C
A
C
G
CTO
LOFA AMERICA
General Contractor . Phone 6127
GENERAL
A
C
O THE ASSO HI OF AMERICA
TOR
Suite 814 One Eleven Corcoran Building
111 N. Corcoran
0369.
Reddy Kilowatt Your Electric Servant
DUKE POWER COMPANY Serving the Piedmont Carolinas.
112 N. Mangum Cor. Parrish
PHONE 2-1151
108 W. Lakewood Av.
TIRES RECAPPING
RIGSBEE TIRE SALES INC.
HOME APPLIANCES
Phone 5141
WES
1E3
Phillips 66
KENAN OIL CO., INC. PETROLEUM PRODUCTS HILLSBORO ROAD (WD)
PHONES 8-1217 and 8-0251
ION
OF REA
RI ALTORS
D
®
ED
HEAS
A
Contractors
Dial 3-1421 or 5-3751
DURHAM PLUMBING & HEATING COMPANY, INC
310 South Dillard St.
THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA
THE COLLECTION OF NORTH CAROLINIANA PRESENTED BY
Greensboro Chamber of Commerce
ALITY OF SMITH'S REMEMBERED LONG RICE IS FORGOTTEN
Y PRICED FURNITURE
Of Furniture - Think Of
C971.32 D96d 1959
/ Smith's FURNITURE
QUALITY FURNITURE
CASH OR CREDIT TERMS TO SUIT YOU NO CARRYING CHARGES
MARVIN E. SMITH, Manager
216 Rigsbee Av.
Office Telephone 2-6761 Residence Telephone 3-6267
HILL DIRECTORY CO. 'S
Est. 1905
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DURHAM CITY DIRECTORY
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HILL'S DURHAM (Durham County, N. C.)
CITY DIRECTORY 1959
Including: Bragtown, Hope Valley, Joyland, Rockwood, Rollingwood, Sherron Acres and Tuscaloosa Forest. Containing an Alphabetical Directory of Business Concerns and Private Citizens, a Directory of Householders, Occupants of Office Buildings and Other Business Places, Including a Complete Street and Avenue Guide, a Numerical Telephone Directory, and Much Information of a Miscellaneous Character; also the
YELLOW PAGES
With a Special ADVERTISING SECTION and a Complete CLASSIFIED LIST FOR CONTENTS SEE INTRODUCTION AND GENERAL INDEX
ASSOCIATION OF
RILico
NORTH AMERICAN
PRICE
1898
$45.00
IRE
TO
Hill Directory Co., Inc., Publishers 2910 W. Clay St., P.O. Box 767, Richmond 6, Va. DIRECTORY LIBRARY FOR FREE USE OF PUBLIC AT DURHAM CHAMBER OF COMMERCE, WASHINGTON DUKE HOTEL, 124-126 N MARKET
Member Association of North American Directory Publishers
Copyright, 1959, by Hill Directory Co., Inc.
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UNI
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PUBLISHERS
Section 28, Copyright Law In Force July 7, 1909
That any person who wilfully and for profit shall infringe any copyright secured by this act, or who shall knowingly or wilfully aid or abet such infringement, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof shall be punished by imprisonment for not exceeding one year, or by a fine of not less than one hundred dollars nor more than one thousand dollars, or both, in the discretion of the court.
RILico ASSOCIATION OF NORTH AMERICAN
1898
DIRECTORY
PUBLISHERS
PUBLISHERS' NOTE
The information in this Directory is gathered by an actual canvass and is compiled in a way to insure maximum accuracy.
The publishers cannot and do not guarantee the cor- rectness of all information furnished them nor the complete absence of errors or omissions, hence no responsibility for same can be or is assumed.
The publishers earnestly request the bringing to their attention of any inaccuracy so that it may be corrected in the next edition of the directory.
Hill Directory Co., Inc., Publishers
INTRODUCTION AND GENERAL INDEX
HILL DIRECTORY CO., Inc., publishers of Southeastern Directories, (pub- lishers of the Durham City Directory since 1903), present to subscribers and the general public, this, the 1959 edition of the Durham City Directory, which also includes Bragtown, Hope Valley, Joyland, Rockwood, Rollingwood, Sherron Acres and Tuscaloosa Forest.
Confidence in the growth of Durham's industry, population and wealth, and in the advancement of its civic and social activities, will be maintained as sec- tions of this Directory are consulted, for the Directory is a mirror truly re- flecting Durham to the world.
The enviable position occupied by HILL'S Directories in the estimation of the public, has been established by rendering the best in Directory service. With an unrivaled organization, and having had the courteous and hearty cooperation of the business and professional men and residents, the publishers feel that the result of their labors will meet with the approval of every user, and that the Durham Directory will fulfill its mission as a source of authentic information pertaining to the community.
Four Major Departments
The four major departments are arranged in the following order :-
I. THE YELLOW PAGES constitute the first major department of the Di- rectory. This embraces a complete list of the names and addresses of the busi- ness and professional concerns of the city and vicinity, arranged in alphabetical order under appropriate headings -- a catalog of all the activities of the city and vicinity. Preceding this catalog, likewise grouped under appropriate headings, are the advertisements and business cards of firms and individuals desiring to present a more complete list of their products or services than is possible in the catalogitself. The Yellow Pages representreference advertising atits best, and merit the attention of all buyers and sellers seeking sources of supply or markets for goods. In a great commercial and industrial center like Durham, the necessity of having this kind of information up-to-date and always immedi- ately available, is obvious. The Directory is the common intermediary between buyer and seller, and plays an important role in the daily activities of the com - mercial, industrial and professional world.
II. THE ALPHABETICAL LIST OF NAMES of residents and business and professional concerns is the second major department, printed on white paper. This is the only record in existence that aims to show the name, marital sta- tus, occupation and address of each adult resident of Durham, Bragtown, Hope Valley, Joyland, Rockwood, Rollingwood, Sherron Acres and Tuscaloosa Forest, and the name, official personnel, nature and address of each firm and corpora- tion in the community.
III. THE DIRECTORY OF HOUSEHOLDERS, INCLUDING STREET AND AVENUE GUIDE, is the third major department, printed on green paper. In this section the numbered streets are arranged in numerical order, followed by the nanicd streets inalphabetical order; the numbers of the residences and business concerns are arranged in numerical order under the name of each street, and the names of the householders and concerns are placed opposite the numbers. The names of the intersecting streets appear at their respective crossing points on each street. Special features of this department are the designation of tenant- owned homes and the listing of telephone numbers.
IV. THE NUMERICAL TELEPHONE DIRECTORY, on blue paper, is the fourth major department.
Community Publicity
The Directory reflects the achievements and ambitions of the community, depicting in unbiased terms what it has to offer as a place of residence, as a
792542
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IV
INTRODUCTION AND GENERAL INDEX
business location, as a manufacturing site and as an educational center. To broadcast this information, the publishers have placed copies of this issue of the Directory in Directory Libraries, where they are readily available for free public reference, and serve as perpetual and reliable advertisements of Durham and vicinity.
The Durham Out-of-Town City Directory Library
Through the courtesy of the publishers of the Durham City Directory, a Directory Library is maintained in the offices of the Durham Chamber of Com- merce, for free reference by the general public. This is one of more than 700 Directory Libraries installed in the chief cities of the U. S. and Canada by mem- bers of the Association of North American Directory Publishers, under whose supervision the system is operated.
The publishers appreciatively acknowledge the recognition by those pro- gressive business and professional men who have demonstrated their confidence in the City Directory as an advertising medium, with assurance thatit will bring a commensurate return.
HILL DIRECTORY CO., Inc. Publishers.
INDEX TO ADVERTISERS
PAGE NUMBERS BELOW REFER TO THE ADVERTISING SECTION THE YELLOW PAGES
Acme Plumbing & Heating Co of Durham Inc.
Page 169
Advance Painting & Home Improvements right top cards and
161
Airheart Insurance Agency Inc
141
Alexander Motor Co Inc. .
.left side lines and
Allen T E & Sons Mutual Insurance Agency
.left side lines and
Allenton Realty & Insurance Co Inc .
right top lines and
Amey's Funeral Home & Florist. .left side lines and
Anthony's Motors . .left side lines and
Arc Electric Co Inc
.right side lines and
Arnold Floor Sanding & Covering Co
.right side lines and
Art Neon Sign Co
.left side lines and
Bagwell J R Co
.right side lines and
Bagwell John R Jr
. . right side lines and
Bagwell Viola C Real Estate & Insurance
right side lines, 142 and
Barnes Supply Co.
. left bottom lines and
Barton Electric Construction Co Inc
Bates Gulf Service
Belk-Leggett Co.
right top lines and
Bell V E & Sons Inc
right bottom lines, 3 and
Birmingham Construction Co
Black Tree Expert Inc.
Blake Clinton. .
Borden Brick & Tile Co.
. back cover,
Insert at name in Alphabetical Section and 39
Boyce Supply Co.
Insert at name in Alphabetical Section and
40
Bradsher S M Inc.
left top lines and
Brinkley-Stromsland.
Broadway Foods Inc
, backbone, right bottom lines and
. right top lines and
Brunson's . bottom stencil, left bottom lines, 9, 196 and
Budd-Piper Roofing Co
Bull City Garage .right side lines and
Burthey Funeral Service
Burthey's Photographic Laboratory .
Burton Carl Jr.
.left side lines and
Business Machines and Equipment Inc.
left bottom lines and 47
Bynum L O
Carolina Block Co
Carolina Chimney & Heating Co
.left side lines and front cover and right top lines and 78 41 127 151 178 148
Cary Lumber Co
.left bottom lines and
Christian-Harward Furniture Co Inc
. back cover,
. left bottom lines and 115
Citizens National Bank of Durham The .
front cover,
right bottom lines, Z and
154
Clements & Edwards Insurance Agency
142
Clements Funeral Services Inc.
.left side lines and 113 36
Clicquot Ginger Ale Bottling Co
.right side lines and
Colc Construction Co Inc . left bottom lines and 56
Comfort Engineers Inc right side lines, 2 and 128 48
Commercial Equipment Co.
. right top lines, 52 and
87
Copelan Plumbing Co .right side lines and Crabtree Pharmacy
94
Depositors National Bank of Durham The . right top cards and
33
Dillon Supply Co.
.right side lines and 150
Dixie Awning Co.
28
Downey L A & Son
72
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UNI
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71 204 82
Broadway Taxi Inc
Broughton (Bros) Electric Co.
54 83 29 195 75 201 185 25 114 167 55
Carolina Memorial Co.
Carver Realty & Insurance Co
right top lines and 30 99
Clark Electric Service
Charking Inc . .right side lines and
Constructors Supply Co Inc
170
12 141 176
112 24 98 106 190 53
71 178 103 134 99 24 90 129
Barnhart Insurance Agency
VI
INDEX TO ADVERTISERS
Page
Duke Power Co . front cover, right top lines and 96
Durham Awning Co .
27
Durham Bank & Trust Co.
31
Durham Beauty Academy Inc back cover, right side lines and 34
Durham Builders Supply Co .
.right side lines and
42
Durham Business School Inc.
188
Durham Coca Cola Bottling Co Inc. .right side lines and
37
Durham Dairy Products Inc right top lines and
88
Durham Distributing Co Inc .right side lines and 35
.left side lines and
116 32
Durham Insurance Service Co.
143
Durham Mattress Co.
150
Durham Millwork Co.
151
Durham-Orange Farm Center Inc
103
Durham Plumbing & Heating Co Inc.
front lip margin,
.right side lines and
171
Durham Realty & Insurance Co
front cover,
right bottom lines, 135 and
Durham Sandwich Co
Durham Sporting Goods Co.
Durham Sunday Star The
Durham Tire Company
.left side lines and
Dutchville Builders Supply
.right side lines and
Eastern Paint Co .
.left side lines and
Eckerd's Drug Stores
Edward's Florist
Elkins Motor Co.
.left bottom lines and
Ellis D N
.left side lines and
57
Empire Neon Sign Co
.right side lines and
191
Erwin Oil Co Inc .
. left bottom lines and
109
Five Points Furniture Co.
right side lines and
117 58
Fowler M M Inc.
.back lip margin,
right side lines, 110 and
157
Friendly Florist.
Garden Gate Nursery
Garrison Insurance Service .
right bottom lines and
136 14 164
George Painting & Plaster Repairs
.left side lines and
Gibson Insulation & Weatherstripping Co
right side lines and
133
Grant's Amoco Service .
.left side lines and
15
Guess Road Cabinet & Building Supply Co Inc
.left side lines and
H & O Concrete Block Co.
back cover, right side lines and
Harrington Herbert.
.left side lines and
Harvey's Cafeteria Inc
left side lines and
Herrin C A General Contractor
.right side lines and
Hinesley Landscaping Service.
right side lines and
Hobbie Brothers Plumbing & Heating Contractors
Holiday James .
Home Insurance Agency Inc
. left bottom lines and
137
Hotel Malbourne. .
left top lines and
131
Howard Johnson's Restaurant
.right side lines and
Hunt Construction Co Inc. .
Hunt Linoleum & Tile Co Inc
Hutchins Auto Supply Co
Ingold Tire Co
left top lines, 198 and
Ingram's Inc .
.right side lines and
100
Jobe-Blackley Plumbing Co
right bottom lines and
174 146
Johnson Motor Co Inc
.left side lines and
16 80
Jones Samuel W
.left side lines and
60
Kane George W
front cover, right bottom lines, 38 and
61
Kelly Clyde Funeral Home .left side lines and
113
Kenan Oil Co Inc front cover, right bottom lines, 111 and
158
Kimball W W
left top lines and 152
46 44 77 180 59 92
Hill Directory Co Inc
145 174 74
181 72 105 25 199 172
Jeffries Paul Electrical Contractor
Johnson-Forrester Inc
Jones John T.
left side lines and
107
George & Gene Auto Repairing
104
Foushee & Citrini.
177 187 192 155 201 43 165 93 107 13
Durham Furniture Co Inc.
Durham Industrial Bank. .back cover and
VII
INDEX TO ADVERTISERS
King Gaston.
Latta Earl J
left top lines and
76
Little Acorn Restaurant Inc The
left top lines, Y, 182 and
Little Shop of Chapel Hill.
Long Meadow Farms Inc
. left bottom lines and
89
Lovette Electric Construction Co Inc.
right bottom lines and
100
M & J Finance Corp
right side lines and
104
Mac's Television Service
196
Malbourne Hotel.
left top lines and
131
Matthews & Farrow Inc.
right side lines and
Maus- Hutto Piano Co Inc.
May Claude M Inc.
front stencil, right bottom lines,
Insert at name in Alphabetical Section, 162 and
206
May D C Co.
. right top lines and . ,84
McClamroch W L.
.right side lines and 73
McDaniel-Ervin-Hinshaw Hardware Co Inc.
.right side lines and
McFadden Kendrick
.left side lines and
McGee Willie.
.left side lines and
McGhee Coal Co.
Mclaughlin John W.
Mebane W H .left side lines and
Mechanics & Farmers Bank
Midas Muffler Shop. right side lines and
Miller Insurance Agency
.right top cards and
147
Modern Electric Co Inc
left top lines and
101
Monarch Motors Inc
. left bottom lines and
Montaldo's .right side lines and
Montgomery & Aldridge Appliance Co Inc
Montgomery & Aldridge Tire Co Inc
. left bottom lines and 200 108
backbone, left top lines and
19
Muirhead Wm Construction Co Inc.
. top stencil,
. . tabbed Insert at name in Alphabetical Section and
64
Municipal Forms & Systems Co Inc.
46
Mutual Savings & Loan Assn.
187
Myers-Glenn Inc
left side lines and
20
New Method Laundry & Dry Cleaners.
.right side lines and
Paschall Brothers
. left bottom lines and
Perkins Glass Co
29 and
Perkins H T Co .
right top lines and
Piedmont Pools
193 97
Poe C T Construction Co
Poplar Apartments Inc
Pritchard Paint & Glass Co
.right side lines and
Proctor W T
Insert at name in Alphabetical Section and
123
Public Hardware Inc.
. . left side lines and 126
Public Service Co of North Carolina Inc right bottom lines and Reade-Noblin Insurance Agency Inc . left bottom lines and Register Leon Inc.
121
Rigsbee Tire Sales Inc front cover, left top and side lines, 9, 26 and
Riley Paint Co. right top lines and
Riley's Paint Warehouse
right bottom lines and
91
Roberts Brothers Builders
.right side lines and
67
Rollins-Bloodsworth Inc
.right side lines and
8
Rowe Typewriter Co
.left side lines and
26
Royal Ice Cream Co
. left bottom lines and
132
Scoggins Refrigeration Service .
86
Scott Coal & Oil Co.
left side lines and
50
Scott & Roberts Inc.
.left side lines and
95
Shaw Paint & Wallpaper Co Inc.
back cover, left top lines,
144, 160 and 164
YOON
.......
JOYJS ONINOVI JOUNY
North Carolina College at Durham.
Oriental Restaurant The
.left side lines and 147 B 179 173
Phillips Insurance Agency Inc.
122 168 138
Pine State Electric Supply Co Inc
65 5 122
139 66 202 159 160
Robbins of Durham .
Rose Agency Inc The. .right side lines and 156 C
Roy's Body Shop.
18 144 7
Montgomery's Florist Inc
Morgan Motors Inc.
right bottom lines and
125 86
81 49 63 167 33 153 143
Model Laundry of Durham Inc.
Page 79
Lawson E L. .right side lines and
62 183 49
17 168
VIII
INDEX TO ADVERTISERS
Shaw's Venetian Blinds
left top lines and
Shepherd Leroy
.left side lines and 166
Shuford's TV. .
.right side lines and 197 A 45 189
Southeastern Business College The
Southernair Co.
3 and 129
Southgate J & Son Inc
left top lines and
140 21
Speight's Auto Service.
Sportsman's Club .
Starnes & Ellis Plastering Contractors
.left side lines and
Steel Music Co. .
.left side lines and
Strickland Coal & Oil Co
ight side lines and
118 194
Suburban Pools Inc.
right top lines, X, 4, 130 and
Tar Heel Construction Co
front cover, left bottom lines and
175 68 69 124
Teer Nello L Co.
Thomas & Howard Co Inc.
.left side lines and
101
Thompson W G. .
.right side lines and
73
Tire & Appliance Center Inc The.
. left top lines, 10 and
Toole E N Electric Co.
right side lines, 102 and
Transport Corp The
right top lines and
Typewriter Supply Co
.right side lines and
Uzzle Motor Co Inc.
. left bottom lines and
WDNC & WDNC FM Radio Broadcasting Station
W TIK Radio Station .
left top lines and
130 70
Warner Roosevelt.
Wells-Lloyd Florist Inc.
West Durham Lumber Co. .back cover, right bottom lines and
West Main Fruit Market
.right side lines and
Whitley Electric Co
left top lines and
102 27
Williams Food Center
.left side lines and
Woodall B C Co Inc.
.right side lines and
74 193 97 205
Woods W T Electric Co
Wrenn's Auto Sales.
Wyatt R H Insulation Contractor
right top lines and
77
Y & J Upholstering Co
back cover, left bottom lines and
119
Young Eddie Lee . . right top cards and
163
Young Roofing Co Inc The
right bottom lines and
186
Zuckerman S & Son.
.left side lines and 120
202 179 203 184 204
Turnage's Barbecue .
.left side lines and
University Motors Inc .
22 23 175 176
Walton Roofing & Heating Co Inc
108 149
Westover Park Apartments
109 6
Williams Walter.
Page 205
Smith's Furniture.
Smoake Lumber Co.
11 85 154 51
Style Craft Interiors Inc
Suggs R A "Billy"
Thomer son Electric Co.
DURHAM
"FRIENDLY CITY OF INDUSTRY, EDUCATION AND MEDICINE"
(Courtesy Durham Chamber of Commerce)
Statistical Review
Form of Government-Council-manager.
Population -- City, 71,311, metropolitan area (county) 101,639 (1950 U. S. Census report). American-born, 99.3 per cent.
Area -- 21.45 square miles (City); 312 square miles (County).
Altitude -- 406 feet above sea level.
Climate -- Average annual temperature, 59.9 degrees F .; average annual rainfall, 40.98 inches.
Parks-16, with total of 243 acres, valued at $1,216,900. Also 19 summer playgrounds and four 18 hole, two 9 hole golf courses.
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AMPLE PARKING SPACE
Duke University Chapel Tower
X
INTRODUCTION
Assessed Valuation-$164,956,108, with $2.70 per $100 tax rate.
Bonded Debt-$14,561,000.
Financial Data-7 commercial banks, with total deposits of $551,915, 340.63 (Dec. 31, 1957), and total resources of $609,980,639.60 (Dec. 31, 1957). 4 build- ing and loan associations, with total assets of $58,686,519.94 (Dec. 31, 1957).
Postal Receipts -- $1,021,346 (calendar year 1957).
Telephones in Service -- 36,485 (Dec. 31, 1957).
Churches-146, representing 21 denominations.
Building and Construction-1,031 permits, with total value of $8,924,597, issued in 1957. Total number of dwelling units, 23,186.
Industry-Chief industry is manufacturing, 124 manufacturing establish- ments, employing 19,000 persons, and having products valued at $200,000,000 annually, with principal products as follows: Cigarettes, smoking tobacco, sheets and pillow cases, hosiery, flour, corrugated fiberboard and wooden containers, proprietary medicines, furniture, brick, mattresses, and foundry and machine- shop products. Durham manufactures 19 per cent of the nation's cigarettes (23 brands), including the famous Chesterfields, Fatima, L & M's, Lucky Strikes, Pall-Malls and Herbert Tareytons. Also the famous Duke's Mixture smoking tobacco.
Trade Area-Retail area has radius of 25 to 40 miles, and population of 375,422; wholesale area, radius of 375 miles, and population of 10,000,000.
Newspapers-2 dailies, 1 Sunday and 4 weeklies.
Radio Stations-4: WDNC and WDNC-FM, WTIK, WSSB, and WSRC.
Television Stations-1: WTVD, Channel 11.
Hotels-4, with total of 570 rooms.
Railroads-5: Southern, Norfolk & Western, Durham & Southern, Norfolk Southern and Seaboard Air Lines, operating 5 different lines.
Bus Lines -- 7 intra-city.
Highways-U. S. 15, 70 and 501. State 55 and 98.
Airports-1, owned jointly by Durham and Raleigh. City served by Eastern, Capital and Piedmont air lines.
Amusements- Largest auditorium in city seats 2,500 persons. 6 moving- picture theatres, with total seating capacity of 5,000 persons, 1 "legitimate" theatre, seating 1,800. 6 golf courses, 4 (18 holes), 2 (9 holes).
Hospitals -- 6, with total of 1,740 beds. The 500 bed general medical Veter - ans Administration Hospital opened in 1953.
Education -- Duke University, Croft Secretarial School, Kennedy's Com- mercial School, and North Carolina College for Negroes. 23 public schools, in- cluding 2 senior high and 4 junior high. 1 parochial school and 3 private schools. Number of pupils in public schools (1957-58) 14,158; in parochial, 210. Number of teachers in public schools, 515; in parochial, 5. Value of public school prop- erty, $10,603,005; Parochial, $175,000.00; Duke, $54,355,000.
Public Libraries-7. Duke University libraries have 1,293,000 volumes. City Statistics-Total street mileage, 267.16, with 168.24 miles paved. Miles of gas mains, 329.88; sewers, 346.79. Number of water meters, 20,113; light meters, 54,679; gas meters, 6,018. Capacity of water works (municipal), 15,000,000 gallons; daily average pumpage 8,620,000 gallons; miles of mains, 218, value of plant, $4,800,000. Fire department has 106 men, with 4 stations and 17 pieces of motor equipment. Value of fire department motor equipment, $252,000. Police department has 109 men and 33 women, with 1 station and 34 pieces of motor equipment, all cars being equipped with two-way radio facilities.
History
In April, 1865, at a log cabin known as the Bennett Place, near Durham Station, there occured one of the most historic events in the history of the na- tion. Lee had surrendered at Appomattox, and the future looked dark indeed for the Southern states. Jefferson Davis andhis cabinet had escaped to Greensboro, North Carolina, and there had held fiery debate as to the advisability of con- tinuing the Civil War. Some members of the cabinet favored continuing hostili- ties at any cost, even though it meant carrying on a guerrilla warfare, while others took the position that the cause of the Confederacy was forever lost and that no good could be accomplished by further bloodshed. Finally it was decided to instruct General Joseph E. Johnson, commander of the Confederate Armies of the Carolinas, Georgia and Florida, to negotiate terms of peace with General Wm. Tecumseh Sherman, commander of the Federal Army that had broken the
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