USA > North Carolina > Durham County > Durham > Hill's Durham (Durham County, N.C.) City Directory [1944] > Part 2
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On April 10, 1869, almost exactly four years after Johnston surrendered to Sherman, Durham was born. There were only 258 inhabitants in the village, and the total municipal revenue was $357.44. The largest taxpayer paid $40.62 in taxes. In 1870 there were probably less than 100 wage-earners in industrial pursuits in the town.
The tobacco industry grew at a very rapid rate, using large quantities of bright-leaf to- bacco. While much of this type of tobacco was grown around Durham, it was sold at tobacco
13
INTRODUCTION
TT
View of City Hall
markets in Richmond and other Virginia cities, and local manufacturers had to pay the cost of transporting the tobacco from Virginia to Durham, This condition made desirable the opening of warehouses for the sale of leaf tobacco in Durham, and resulted in this city becoming one of the largest bright-leaf tobacco markets in the world, now selling from 35 to 57 million pounds each season,
During all this time there were no banks in the town, practically all the banking being transacted in Raleigh, and on days of big sales at the tobacco warehouses it was necessary to obtain cash from the merchants in order to pay the farmer for his product, Such incon- veniences could not long continue, and soon two banks were established,
View of Main Street, Looking East
14
INTRODUCTION
The next step in the industrial and commercial history of the town was the bringing in of additional railway lines. By the cooperation of manufacturers, merchants, and the city and county governments, the Seaboard Air Line Railway, the Southern Railway, and the Norfolk & Western Railway were given access to this market. Later the Norfolk Southern Railroad and the Durham & Southern Railway were added to the railway lines serving the city, giving a total of five railway companies with seven lines radiating in every direction.
Durham had now grown into a very prosperous and thriving community, but its citizenship was not satisfied with having purely a commercial and industrial town. The people felt the need of better schools and, in 1885, after a heated political campaign, bonds were voted for public school buildings and a tax levied for maintaining a public school system. Today Durham has one of the finest public school plants of any city of its size, with physical property valued at more than $3,442,000, and with a personnel of teachers and management that gives it first rating among the cities of North Carolina.
In 1892, Trinity College, now Duke University, was brought to Durham through the philanthropy of Mr. Washington Duke and General Julian S. Carr. Today Duke University has a physical plant worth $20,000,000, 4,000 students, a 575-bed hospital, and ranks among the leading educational institutions of the nation.
As the tobacco industry grew and prospered, certain persons used some of their dividends in establishing cotton mills, and this industry soon assumed a positon of importance in the industrial life of the city. Later hosiery mills were established, until today Durham ranks as the first city of the South in the manufacture of full-fashioned hosiery. Other industries were added from time to time, including flour mills, fertilizer plants, iron works, woodworking plants, printing establishments, etc., until in a recent year there were engaged in industry 13,350 wage-earners, producing $160,336,003 worth of manufactured products annually. These industries pay into the Federal treasury approximately $70,000,000 each year. Durham today produces 24% of all the cigarettes made in the U. S.
In 1914 a program of civic improvement was undertaken, and although it was interrupted by the first World War, it has now reached the point where Durham has all the conveniences of a modern city, including complete sewerage, asphalt streets, paved sidewalks, electric power, gas, the latest dial telephone service, Western Union and Postal telegraph service, American Telephone & Telegraph repeater station, insuring rapid long-distance telephone communica- tion; a fine recreation program, and a system of water works with an impounding reservoir sufficient to care for the needs of a city of 100,000 people.
Malbourne Hotel
Any story about Durham would be incomplete without mention of the notable contribution which the Negro race has made to the industrial, commercial and civic development of the community. The progress the race has made here has been truly amazing. Under the lead- ership of E. R. Merrick, and later, C. C. Spaulding, and their associates, Durham's colored people have established industries, insurance companies, banks and other commercial bus- inesses which would be creditable to any city. The labor which they furnish the city's industrial plants is intelligent and dependable. The high type of leaders among the colored people here has made Durham a conspicuous outpost in the advancement of Negro civilization.
15
INTRODUCTION
Duke University Stadium; Seating Capacity, 40,000; Scene of Rose Bowl Football Game, Jan. 1, 1942
---
Part of the Main Quadrangle, Duke University, West Campus
One of the finest things about the founders of Durham is that material prosperity merely opened to them avenues of service to mankind. It has been said that more philanthropists have been produced in Durham than in any other city of the South. Watts Hospital, of 226 beds, was a gift to the city and county by Mr. George W. Watts. Lincoln Hospital, of 108 beds, is largely the gift of Mr. Benjamin N. Duke. Duke University is a living memorial to Mr. Washington Duke and his two sons, Benjamin N. Duke and James Buchanan Duke. Other philanthropists have remembered the city from time to time in ways that help in making Durham a good place in which to live and work.
16
INTRODUCTION
Durham is today the third city in North Carolina in point of population, having 70,000 inhabitants, and is second in industrial payrolls, and second in importance in the value of its manufactured products. It is far in the lead in its educational facilities, having an unex- celled public school system and Duke University within its corporate limits, and having within a radius of a few miles the University of North Carolina, Wake Forest College, Meredith College, North Carolina State College, Peace Institute and St. Mary's.
The colored people have in Durham, in addition to excellent public schools for their race, the North Carolina. College for Negroes, the only college of liberal arts for Negroes supported by taxation in the state.
All these things have been accomplished by people not especially favored by nature, but who by their determination, unconquerable will, tireless effort, and by their faith in mankind and in this community, have created a city that proudly takes its position as one of the representative cities of the new South and of America.
BRIEF FACTS ABOUT DURHAM, ALPHABETICALLY ARRANGED
Altitude: 406 feet above sea level.
Area: 12.8 square miles.
Automobiles:
Passenger cars in county January 1, 1939.
13,720
Passenger cars in county January 1, 1940. 14,415
Passenger cars in county January 1, 1941. 15,150
Passenger cars in county January 1, 1942. 17,641
Trucks in county January 1, 1939.
2,865
Trucks in county January 1, 1940.
3,050
Trucks in county January 1, 1941.
3,425
Trucks in county January 1, 1942.
3,849
Banks:
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
Capital, surplus and (As of June 30)
(As of June 30)
(As of Dec. 31)
(As of June 30)
(As of Dec. 31)
undivided profits .. $ 3,570,675.01
$ 3,579,180.41
$ 3,650,712.84
$ 3,794,956.85
$ 4,005,860.52 55,430,832.86
Total resources
30,541,271.76
31,987,254.75
33,325,398.33 37,215,869.75
43,485,575.78
59,682,138.90
Industrial Banks:
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
Capital, surplus and(As of June 30)
(As of.June 30)
(As of Dec. 31)
(As of June 30)
(As of Dec. 31)
undivided profits .. $
511,010.44
553,704.13
$ 577,362.69
$ 587,793.38
S 598,788.72
Total resources
1,945,496.21
2,209,144.86
2,243,111.94
2,192,891.24
1,975,824.38
Deposits
1,583,812.61
1,596,600.13
1,494,597.48
1,310,986.19
Building and Loan Associations:
Year
No.
Assets
1939
4
$4,508,260.06
1940
4
5,044,529.59
1941
4
6,182,953.83
1942
4
6,240,622.62
1943
4
6,308,779.81
Building Permits:
Year
No.
Value
1939
425
$2,510,290.00
1940
509
1,637,033.00
1941
576
2,572,180.00
1942
461
1,451,693.00
1943
186
456,628.00
Churches: 87 churches, representing practically all denominations. Durham is noted for its many beautiful church edifices.
City Incorporated: The City of Durham was incorporated by act of the General Assembly, ratified April 10, 1869.
Civic Organizations: Rotary Club, Kiwanis Club, Lions Club, Co-operative Club, Civitan Club, Exchange Club, Altrusa Club, Business and Professional Women's Club, Pilot Club, Dur- ham Merchants' Association, Junior Chamber of Commerce, Durham Chamber of Commerce.
Climate: Equable. Annual mean summer temperature, 71.3; winter, 48.3. 62% sunshine days. Annual rainfall, 47.19 inches. Annual snowfall, 10 inches. Prevailing westerly winds.
Deposits
.. 26,856,142.06
28,243,101.89
39,506,899.43
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INTRODUCTION
111
#
Duke Hospital (For the Public) and Duke Medical School, Situated on the West Campus
Airplane View Showing East Campus, Duke University, and Part of City of Durham
Colleges:
Duke Uiversity Enrollment
1937-38
3,387
1940-41
3,716
1938-39
3,552
1941-42
3,493
1939-40
3,900
1942-43
4,000
University of North Carolina Enrollment
1936-37
3,256
1939-40
3,890
1937-38
3,536
1940-41
4,365
1938-39
3,842
1941-42
4,395
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INTRODUCTION
Both universities conduct summer schools, which are largely attended.
There is also located in Durham the North Carolina College for Negroes, the only college of liberal arts for colored people, supported by the State, in North Carolina. Enrollment for 1943-44, 653.
Convention Facilities: Hotel rooms with bath, 579; without bath, 221; total, 800. Max- imum capacity of lodging accommodations, 1,374 persons; capacity in excess of ordinary requirements, 700 persons. Assembly halls, capacity, 800; ballroom capacity, 500; twelve committee rooms, auditorium, seating capacity, 1,750; Armory Auditorium, seating capacity, 2,500.
County: Durham County was created by act of the General Assembly in 1881 from parts of Orange and Wake Counties. While Durham is not a large county, it is the center of the famous bright-leaf tobacco belt. Between 35 and 57 million pounds of tobacco are sold each year on the Durham market. Tobacco is the principal money crop, although cotton, corn and truck crops also are important. Dairying has increased rapidly during the past few years. The county has good roads and splendid schools and churches.
Education: Durham is recognized as being one of the leading educational centers of the South. Its colleges and university, its public school system, its schools of music and business schools are rated among the best in the South by leading educators. (See Colleges and Schools).
Fire Protection: Durham has a well-equipped fire department, with four stations and paid personnel, giving Durham first-class insurance rating.
Government: Durham has had the council-maanger form of government since May 4, 1921. It is admitted to be one of the best governed cities in the state.
Health: Durham has a well-organized board of health, with 54 employees, charged with the supervision of health conditions in the entire county. It has been remarkably successful in its work. The white resident death rate for 1942 was only 5.23 (colored resident, 9.86) to the 1,000. The death rate for both races was 6.79. The birth rate for white was 17.4; for colored, 21.8; total, 18.9. Milk, meats, water, markets, dairies, hotels and eating places are carefully inspected.
Durham Public Library
Hospitals: Watts Hospital (public, white) is one of the finest hospitals in the South; value, $1,545,620; 226 beds; personnel of 94 physicians and 120 nurses; endowed by Mr. George W. Watts and partly supported by contributions from city and county. Lincoln Hospital (public, colored) ; value, $250,000; 108 beds; personnel of all physicians in Durham who are in good standing, and 56 nurses; partly supported by contributions from city and county. McPherson Hospital (private-eye, ear, nose and throat); value, $103,000; 35 beds and per- sonnel of 4 physicians, 6 nurses and 4 office girls. Duke Hospital, with 575 beds, representing an investment of more than $3,000,000, is said to be the best-equipped hospital in the world. It was opened on July 21, 1930. During 1932 the Duke Hospital Nurses' Home was completed at a cost of over $300,000.
Hotels: Durham is unusually well provided with hotel facilities. The Washington Duke is one of the finest hotels in the South, having been constructed at a cost of more than $1,750,000. It has 300 bedrooms, all with bath. The Malbourne Hotel-200-room capacity- is a fireproof hotel and newly furnished throughout. Other hotels are the Lochmoor, Durham (4 units) and McArthur, and the Biltmore and Jones hotels for colored people. Hotel rates, $1.00 to $5.00 per day; European plan.
Industries: Durham is the second largest industrial center in North Carolina, its output of manufactured products being valued at $160,336,002 annually (U. S. Census of Manufac- tures). It has large tobacco industries, manufacturing such well-known brands as Duke's
19
INTRODUCTION
Mixture and Bull Durham smoking tobaccos, and a great many brands of cigarettes, including the famous Chesterfield and Lucky Strike, and fifteen brands of Turkish cigarettes. It is the home of the Durham Hosiery Mills (manufacturers of Durable Durham Hosiery), and the Golden Belt Mfg. Co. (manufacturers of small bags and hosiery). There are also manufac- tured in Durham, Erwin and White Star sheetings and pillow cases; Virginia-Carolina fertil- izers; Occoneechee, Peerless and Climax flours; blank books, corrugated boxes, wooden boxes, castings and iron products, harness and saddles, bread, ice, mattresses, brick, building materials, proprietary medicines, furniture, roofing, meat-packing products and machinery. Due to proximity to source of raw materials, cheap electric power and its transportation facilities, Durham offers unexcelled opportunities for the location of industries. Durham is the home city of Camp Butner, one of the latest-constructed barrack cantonments; the Durham Air Support Command Base, and the Army Finance School.
Location: Durham is situated in the geographical center of North Carolina, a few miles north of the center of population of the state. Its terrain is slightly rolling and is well drained.
Payrolls: The payrolls of Durham exceed $15,000,000 annually.
Population:
City of Durham
County of Durham
1890
5,485
1890
18,041
1900
6,679
1900
26,233
1910
18,241
1910
35,276
1920
21,719
1920
42,219
1930
.52,037
1930
67,196
1940
60,195
1940
80,244
1943
est.
70,000
1943
est.
100,000
Post-Office Receipts:
1936
$339,410.41
1940
$351,341.15
1937
337,110.83
1941
409,266.19
1938
345,820.70
1942
420,616.08
1939
354,936.11
1943
556,117.82
Public Utilities: Durham has public utilities furnishing bus service, gas, telephone and electric current service. These facilities compare favorably, both in cost of service and in efficiency, with those in other cities of similar size.
Public Services:
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
Electric meters
14,811
15,889
17,138
18,104
19,233
Telephones
8,670
9,761
10,954
12,078
13,184
Gas meters
3,000
3,000
2,869
3,074
3,209
Miles of paved streets.
79
79
83
83
83
Miles of sidewalks
64
64
64
64
64
Miles of water mains.
182
190
196.5
196.5
196.5
Miles of sewers
313
317
321
321
321
Number of water meters
11,635
12,027
14,000
14,000
13,381
Recreation: Community recreation, under supervision of the Playground and Recreation Commission, supported by public taxation. Nine public parks, containing swimming pools, tennis courts, etc., 12 city playgrounds, and several large playgrounds maintained by industrial plants for the use of employees. Two 18-hole golf courses; magnificent country club; tennis and gun club; college football, baseball, basketball, track, boxing and wrestling. The schedules of Duke University and the University of North Carolina offer Durham citizens the opportunity of seeing some of the best college teams of the East and South in action. Both these univer- sities have magnificent stadiums, that of the University of North Carolina seating 24,000, while the stadium of Duke University has a seating capacity of 40,000.
n
View of Hope Valley Country Club
Schools: The public school system of Durham is nationally-known for its equipment, high scholastic standards and progressive policies. The Durham College of Commerce, Croft Secretarial School and Kennedy's Commercial School are fully accredited class "A" insti- tutions.
City Schools Enrollment
1938-39
12,240
1939-40
11,788
1940-41
11,962
1941-42
11,552
1942-43
11,285
1943-44
10,475
Number of Schools: White, 14; colored, 7. Number of teachers, 374. Value of public school plant, $3,442,000.
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INTRODUCTION
n/
t
Duke University Chapel Tower
DURHAM COUNTY
COURT
HOUSE
Durham County Court House
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INTRODUCTION
Social Agencies: Young Men's Christian Association, Young Women's Christian Associa- tion, Salvation Army, Red Cross, King's Daughters, Board of Charities and Public Welfare, Wright Refuge for Children, Junior League, Council of Social Agencies, Association for the Blind, Family Service Association, Council of Social Agencies, and Duke Legal Aid Clinic.
Streets: Durham is today one of the best paved cities in the state. The white-way lighting system in the business district is admitted to be one of the best in the South.
Taxes and Valuation: In 1943 the city of Durham had an assessed valuation of $97,866,642, with a city tax rate of $1.55 on the $100. Property assessed on 75% of true value. The county of Durham had an assessed valuation of $160,787,731 and a county tax rate of 55c. Property assessed on 75% of true value. No property tax is levied by the State.
Theatres: 5 motion-picture theatres for white, and 2 for colored. Total seating capacity, 5,490.
Transportation: Durham has five lines of railroad, radiating in seven directions. It has two lines of the Southern Railway, the Seaboard Air Line Railway, the Norfolk & Western Railway, the Durham & Southern Railway, and the Norfolk Southern Railroad. These rail- roads afford unusually good freight facilities. Durham is on the National Highway and the Central Highway, the principal routes between the North and South and between the East and West. Excellent bus service is maintained between Durham and Raleigh, Henderson, Oxford, Roxboro, Greensboro, Chapel Hill, Pittsboro, Siler City and Danville, Va.
Water: Durham has an ample supply of pure water. An impounding reservoir completed : in 1926 stores 4,600,000,000 gallons, which, if used for no other purpose, would, at the present rate of consumption, supply the demand for a period of two years. There is no longer any danger of a water shortage. The water is excellent for domestic uses and is soft and free from iron, making it very desirable for industrial purposes.
View of One Eleven Corcoran Street, Constructed at a Cost of $1,000,000, in the Heart of Durham's Business District
PAUL REVERE & CO. At their Foundry. No. 3, BATTERY-MARCH STREET, Near Commercial Coffee House, Berton, Manufacture Composition Bolts, Spiker, Nails, Cap- stern Rums and all. other kinds of ship work at the Tr shortest notice.
Alsa, at their Manufactory in Brointree, All kinds and sices of Church and Chime, Ship and Academy BELLS -Also, Copper Bolts, of all sizes, Sheet Copper, and Braner's Copper, all of which they will wairabi equal to any manufactured in this, or any other country.
All kinds of Brass Machinery, Castings, Cylinders, Ltc. for manofactories, done at short notice, and on the snost liberal ternd.
your City Directory -Served Early Advertisers
MORE GOODS ARE BOUGHT AND SOLD THROUGH THE CLASSIFIED BUSINESS LISTS OF THE DIRECTORY THAN ANY OTHER MEDIUM ON EARTH
24
ABBREVIATIONS
acct accountant
addresso ...
addressograph
adv
.. advertising
agrl .. agricultural elec electrical
agt agent
al .. alley
alt . alteration
Am American
appr
apprentice
apts apartments
archt architect
asmblr assembler
Assn Association
assoc. ... associate asst assistant
atndt
attendant
attorney
. auditor
aud
auto
auto opr ... automatic
operator
av avenue
A telephone
bet between
bgemn .. baggageman
bkbndr .. bookbinder
bkpg mach opr ....: bookkeeping machine
operator ftr
.bkpr bookkeeper
bldg building
bldr builder
.block blk .... blksmith .. blacksmith blrmkr .. boilermaker blvd ..... boulevard
...
brancb
brklyr ... bricklayer
brkmn .... brakeman
cabtmkr cabinetmaker h householder capt captaln hairdrsr .. bairdresser
carp carpenter hd
casbier
cash
Ch Church
chauf chauffeur
chf
chief
civ
clk clerk
clnr cleaner
collr collector
com] commercial
comn .. commission
comnr .. commissioner
compt .. comptometer
cond conductor
confr confectioner
cons consulting
contr contractor
cor corner corres .. correspondent
ct
court
custdn .custodlan cutter ctr
del delivery 1br
dep deputy
dept
department
dicta
dictaphone
dletn
. dletltlan
dir director
dlspr dispatcher
district dlst
div division
dlr dealer mech .. mechanlc
dmnstr .. demonstrator do . .. ditto or same mer
dom
domestic
ABBREVIATIONS OF GIVEN NAMES
Abrabam Abr
Alexander Alex
Alfred
Alf
Daniel
Danl
Archibald
Arch
Edward
Edw
Katherine
Kath
Arthur Arth Elizabeth Eliz
August
Aug
Eugene
Eug
Fredk
Patrick
Geo
Richard Ricbd
Robert Robt
Samuel
Saml
Solomon
Sol
Stephen Steph
Margaret Margt
Michael Michl
Patk
William
Thomas
Thos
Benjamin
Benj
Frederick
10-40
dr drive | meter rdr ....... meter
reader
drftsmn .. draftsman drsmkr .. dressmaker mfg .. manufacturing
e or E East
electn electrician electro .. electrotyper elev elevator embdr .. embroiderer emp
emplo ye emp agcy
employment agency eng
engineer engr engraver es east side est estate
exam .. examiner exch exchange
exec .executive
express
expmn expressman
fcty factory
flgmn
flagman
fnshr
finisher
formn foreman
forwn forewoman frt
ft
foot nr near
ns ... .. north side
nw . northwest O ... property owner ofc wkr .. office worker opp opposite
furngs .. furnishings gasftr gasfitter opr operator
gdnr
gardener
osteo
osteopath
gds goods pass ... passenger
genl
general pat
govt
gro
grocer pharm .. pharmacist
photog .. photographer
phys
..
physician
park pk
hand pkr packer
pkwy parkway
plmbr
plumber
plshr polisher ter
plstr
plasterer painter
hsekpr . . housekeeper Hts Heights PO pntr postoffice
Implts implements PS Public School
pres
president
prfrdr
.proofreader
principal prin
priv sec. .private
secretary
prod produce
prof professor
junior
prop
proprietor
jwlr
jeweler
prov
provisions
kpr
lab
.. laborer
laby wkr ... laboratory worker
lumber
lieut lieutenant
lino
linotype
litho lltbographer
Indrs laundress
Indrymn .. laundryman ltd limited mach
macbinist
mdse merchandise
mechl .. mechanical rep .. representative
reprmn . . repairman
restr .. restaurant
ret ... retail
Rev Reverend rptr .. repeater rte mn .... route man rtg aide .. routing alde Ry Railway
RyMS ..
Railway Mail Service s or S South san sanitary Sav Savings
mn man sch . school
mono monotype se soutbeast
mse opr. .. morse
operator
msngr
messenger
mstr mecb
master mechanic
mtce mn .. maintenance man
mtrmn motorman
mus music multi opr .. multigrapb operator solr solicitor
mut mutual spl special
n or N
North
sq
square
ss.
National
.south side
sta
station
sta eng
stationary engineer statn ..... statistician sten ... stenographer stereo . ... Stereotyper stmftr .. steamfitter str . setter
Supt .. superintendent
supvr. .... supervisor
surg
surgeon
......
.. southwest SW
swtchmn ... switchman tab mach opr.
tabulating macbine
operator
tchr teacher
tech
techniclan
tel
telephone
teleg
telegraph
... terrace
tmkpr timekeeper
tmstr teamster tndr tender
trans .. transportation
tray
traveling
..
treasurer
treas
twp
township
undtkr ... undertaker undwrtr .. underwriter uphol .... upholsterer US ... United States USA .....
United States Army USMC .. United States
Marine Corps
USN ...
United States Navy
vet
veterinary
vulc
vulcanlzer
w or W
West
whol wholesale
purch ... purchasing r .. resides or rooms R C .. Roman Catholic rd road . warebouseman wid wbsemn widow wkr worker wks works
rec .
receiving
ws.
.west side
wtchmn
..
watchman
ydmn
..
yardman
ydmstr .. yardmaster
Metropolitan
Met ...
Catherine
Cath
George
Cbas
James
Jas
Josepb
Jos
RD .. Rural Delivery real est ... real estate
keeper prsfdr .. press feeder
prsmn .. pressman
PrST .. . presser ptrnmkr patternmaker pub .... publishing
publr ..... publisher
hd w hardware pl place
hlpr
helper
hngr hanger
civil hosp hospital
imptr importer
inc
incorporated
ins
insurance
inspr
inspector
instr
Instructor int rev
internal revenue
jr
br
.. patent
government pdlr ยท peddler
furniture furn Tms
furnished rooms
Natl
freight
ne
northeast
fitter
furn
automobile exp
atty
shlp s bipping sht mtl wkr .... sheet metal worker
slsmgr .. salesmanager slsmn salesman slswn ... saleswoman smstrs ... seamstress .. soc society
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