Hill's Durham (Durham County, N.C.) City Directory [1944], Part 2

Author: Hill Directory Company
Publication date: 1944
Publisher: Hill Directory Company
Number of Pages: 630


USA > North Carolina > Durham County > Durham > Hill's Durham (Durham County, N.C.) City Directory [1944] > Part 2


Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).


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On April 10, 1869, almost exactly four years after Johnston surrendered to Sherman, Durham was born. There were only 258 inhabitants in the village, and the total municipal revenue was $357.44. The largest taxpayer paid $40.62 in taxes. In 1870 there were probably less than 100 wage-earners in industrial pursuits in the town.


The tobacco industry grew at a very rapid rate, using large quantities of bright-leaf to- bacco. While much of this type of tobacco was grown around Durham, it was sold at tobacco


13


INTRODUCTION


TT


View of City Hall


markets in Richmond and other Virginia cities, and local manufacturers had to pay the cost of transporting the tobacco from Virginia to Durham, This condition made desirable the opening of warehouses for the sale of leaf tobacco in Durham, and resulted in this city becoming one of the largest bright-leaf tobacco markets in the world, now selling from 35 to 57 million pounds each season,


During all this time there were no banks in the town, practically all the banking being transacted in Raleigh, and on days of big sales at the tobacco warehouses it was necessary to obtain cash from the merchants in order to pay the farmer for his product, Such incon- veniences could not long continue, and soon two banks were established,


View of Main Street, Looking East


14


INTRODUCTION


The next step in the industrial and commercial history of the town was the bringing in of additional railway lines. By the cooperation of manufacturers, merchants, and the city and county governments, the Seaboard Air Line Railway, the Southern Railway, and the Norfolk & Western Railway were given access to this market. Later the Norfolk Southern Railroad and the Durham & Southern Railway were added to the railway lines serving the city, giving a total of five railway companies with seven lines radiating in every direction.


Durham had now grown into a very prosperous and thriving community, but its citizenship was not satisfied with having purely a commercial and industrial town. The people felt the need of better schools and, in 1885, after a heated political campaign, bonds were voted for public school buildings and a tax levied for maintaining a public school system. Today Durham has one of the finest public school plants of any city of its size, with physical property valued at more than $3,442,000, and with a personnel of teachers and management that gives it first rating among the cities of North Carolina.


In 1892, Trinity College, now Duke University, was brought to Durham through the philanthropy of Mr. Washington Duke and General Julian S. Carr. Today Duke University has a physical plant worth $20,000,000, 4,000 students, a 575-bed hospital, and ranks among the leading educational institutions of the nation.


As the tobacco industry grew and prospered, certain persons used some of their dividends in establishing cotton mills, and this industry soon assumed a positon of importance in the industrial life of the city. Later hosiery mills were established, until today Durham ranks as the first city of the South in the manufacture of full-fashioned hosiery. Other industries were added from time to time, including flour mills, fertilizer plants, iron works, woodworking plants, printing establishments, etc., until in a recent year there were engaged in industry 13,350 wage-earners, producing $160,336,003 worth of manufactured products annually. These industries pay into the Federal treasury approximately $70,000,000 each year. Durham today produces 24% of all the cigarettes made in the U. S.


In 1914 a program of civic improvement was undertaken, and although it was interrupted by the first World War, it has now reached the point where Durham has all the conveniences of a modern city, including complete sewerage, asphalt streets, paved sidewalks, electric power, gas, the latest dial telephone service, Western Union and Postal telegraph service, American Telephone & Telegraph repeater station, insuring rapid long-distance telephone communica- tion; a fine recreation program, and a system of water works with an impounding reservoir sufficient to care for the needs of a city of 100,000 people.


Malbourne Hotel


Any story about Durham would be incomplete without mention of the notable contribution which the Negro race has made to the industrial, commercial and civic development of the community. The progress the race has made here has been truly amazing. Under the lead- ership of E. R. Merrick, and later, C. C. Spaulding, and their associates, Durham's colored people have established industries, insurance companies, banks and other commercial bus- inesses which would be creditable to any city. The labor which they furnish the city's industrial plants is intelligent and dependable. The high type of leaders among the colored people here has made Durham a conspicuous outpost in the advancement of Negro civilization.


15


INTRODUCTION


Duke University Stadium; Seating Capacity, 40,000; Scene of Rose Bowl Football Game, Jan. 1, 1942


---


Part of the Main Quadrangle, Duke University, West Campus


One of the finest things about the founders of Durham is that material prosperity merely opened to them avenues of service to mankind. It has been said that more philanthropists have been produced in Durham than in any other city of the South. Watts Hospital, of 226 beds, was a gift to the city and county by Mr. George W. Watts. Lincoln Hospital, of 108 beds, is largely the gift of Mr. Benjamin N. Duke. Duke University is a living memorial to Mr. Washington Duke and his two sons, Benjamin N. Duke and James Buchanan Duke. Other philanthropists have remembered the city from time to time in ways that help in making Durham a good place in which to live and work.


16


INTRODUCTION


Durham is today the third city in North Carolina in point of population, having 70,000 inhabitants, and is second in industrial payrolls, and second in importance in the value of its manufactured products. It is far in the lead in its educational facilities, having an unex- celled public school system and Duke University within its corporate limits, and having within a radius of a few miles the University of North Carolina, Wake Forest College, Meredith College, North Carolina State College, Peace Institute and St. Mary's.


The colored people have in Durham, in addition to excellent public schools for their race, the North Carolina. College for Negroes, the only college of liberal arts for Negroes supported by taxation in the state.


All these things have been accomplished by people not especially favored by nature, but who by their determination, unconquerable will, tireless effort, and by their faith in mankind and in this community, have created a city that proudly takes its position as one of the representative cities of the new South and of America.


BRIEF FACTS ABOUT DURHAM, ALPHABETICALLY ARRANGED


Altitude: 406 feet above sea level.


Area: 12.8 square miles.


Automobiles:


Passenger cars in county January 1, 1939.


13,720


Passenger cars in county January 1, 1940. 14,415


Passenger cars in county January 1, 1941. 15,150


Passenger cars in county January 1, 1942. 17,641


Trucks in county January 1, 1939.


2,865


Trucks in county January 1, 1940.


3,050


Trucks in county January 1, 1941.


3,425


Trucks in county January 1, 1942.


3,849


Banks:


1939


1940


1941


1942


1943


Capital, surplus and (As of June 30)


(As of June 30)


(As of Dec. 31)


(As of June 30)


(As of Dec. 31)


undivided profits .. $ 3,570,675.01


$ 3,579,180.41


$ 3,650,712.84


$ 3,794,956.85


$ 4,005,860.52 55,430,832.86


Total resources


30,541,271.76


31,987,254.75


33,325,398.33 37,215,869.75


43,485,575.78


59,682,138.90


Industrial Banks:


1939


1940


1941


1942


1943


Capital, surplus and(As of June 30)


(As of.June 30)


(As of Dec. 31)


(As of June 30)


(As of Dec. 31)


undivided profits .. $


511,010.44


553,704.13


$ 577,362.69


$ 587,793.38


S 598,788.72


Total resources


1,945,496.21


2,209,144.86


2,243,111.94


2,192,891.24


1,975,824.38


Deposits


1,583,812.61


1,596,600.13


1,494,597.48


1,310,986.19


Building and Loan Associations:


Year


No.


Assets


1939


4


$4,508,260.06


1940


4


5,044,529.59


1941


4


6,182,953.83


1942


4


6,240,622.62


1943


4


6,308,779.81


Building Permits:


Year


No.


Value


1939


425


$2,510,290.00


1940


509


1,637,033.00


1941


576


2,572,180.00


1942


461


1,451,693.00


1943


186


456,628.00


Churches: 87 churches, representing practically all denominations. Durham is noted for its many beautiful church edifices.


City Incorporated: The City of Durham was incorporated by act of the General Assembly, ratified April 10, 1869.


Civic Organizations: Rotary Club, Kiwanis Club, Lions Club, Co-operative Club, Civitan Club, Exchange Club, Altrusa Club, Business and Professional Women's Club, Pilot Club, Dur- ham Merchants' Association, Junior Chamber of Commerce, Durham Chamber of Commerce.


Climate: Equable. Annual mean summer temperature, 71.3; winter, 48.3. 62% sunshine days. Annual rainfall, 47.19 inches. Annual snowfall, 10 inches. Prevailing westerly winds.


Deposits


.. 26,856,142.06


28,243,101.89


39,506,899.43


17


INTRODUCTION


111


#


Duke Hospital (For the Public) and Duke Medical School, Situated on the West Campus


Airplane View Showing East Campus, Duke University, and Part of City of Durham


Colleges:


Duke Uiversity Enrollment


1937-38


3,387


1940-41


3,716


1938-39


3,552


1941-42


3,493


1939-40


3,900


1942-43


4,000


University of North Carolina Enrollment


1936-37


3,256


1939-40


3,890


1937-38


3,536


1940-41


4,365


1938-39


3,842


1941-42


4,395


18


INTRODUCTION


Both universities conduct summer schools, which are largely attended.


There is also located in Durham the North Carolina College for Negroes, the only college of liberal arts for colored people, supported by the State, in North Carolina. Enrollment for 1943-44, 653.


Convention Facilities: Hotel rooms with bath, 579; without bath, 221; total, 800. Max- imum capacity of lodging accommodations, 1,374 persons; capacity in excess of ordinary requirements, 700 persons. Assembly halls, capacity, 800; ballroom capacity, 500; twelve committee rooms, auditorium, seating capacity, 1,750; Armory Auditorium, seating capacity, 2,500.


County: Durham County was created by act of the General Assembly in 1881 from parts of Orange and Wake Counties. While Durham is not a large county, it is the center of the famous bright-leaf tobacco belt. Between 35 and 57 million pounds of tobacco are sold each year on the Durham market. Tobacco is the principal money crop, although cotton, corn and truck crops also are important. Dairying has increased rapidly during the past few years. The county has good roads and splendid schools and churches.


Education: Durham is recognized as being one of the leading educational centers of the South. Its colleges and university, its public school system, its schools of music and business schools are rated among the best in the South by leading educators. (See Colleges and Schools).


Fire Protection: Durham has a well-equipped fire department, with four stations and paid personnel, giving Durham first-class insurance rating.


Government: Durham has had the council-maanger form of government since May 4, 1921. It is admitted to be one of the best governed cities in the state.


Health: Durham has a well-organized board of health, with 54 employees, charged with the supervision of health conditions in the entire county. It has been remarkably successful in its work. The white resident death rate for 1942 was only 5.23 (colored resident, 9.86) to the 1,000. The death rate for both races was 6.79. The birth rate for white was 17.4; for colored, 21.8; total, 18.9. Milk, meats, water, markets, dairies, hotels and eating places are carefully inspected.


Durham Public Library


Hospitals: Watts Hospital (public, white) is one of the finest hospitals in the South; value, $1,545,620; 226 beds; personnel of 94 physicians and 120 nurses; endowed by Mr. George W. Watts and partly supported by contributions from city and county. Lincoln Hospital (public, colored) ; value, $250,000; 108 beds; personnel of all physicians in Durham who are in good standing, and 56 nurses; partly supported by contributions from city and county. McPherson Hospital (private-eye, ear, nose and throat); value, $103,000; 35 beds and per- sonnel of 4 physicians, 6 nurses and 4 office girls. Duke Hospital, with 575 beds, representing an investment of more than $3,000,000, is said to be the best-equipped hospital in the world. It was opened on July 21, 1930. During 1932 the Duke Hospital Nurses' Home was completed at a cost of over $300,000.


Hotels: Durham is unusually well provided with hotel facilities. The Washington Duke is one of the finest hotels in the South, having been constructed at a cost of more than $1,750,000. It has 300 bedrooms, all with bath. The Malbourne Hotel-200-room capacity- is a fireproof hotel and newly furnished throughout. Other hotels are the Lochmoor, Durham (4 units) and McArthur, and the Biltmore and Jones hotels for colored people. Hotel rates, $1.00 to $5.00 per day; European plan.


Industries: Durham is the second largest industrial center in North Carolina, its output of manufactured products being valued at $160,336,002 annually (U. S. Census of Manufac- tures). It has large tobacco industries, manufacturing such well-known brands as Duke's


19


INTRODUCTION


Mixture and Bull Durham smoking tobaccos, and a great many brands of cigarettes, including the famous Chesterfield and Lucky Strike, and fifteen brands of Turkish cigarettes. It is the home of the Durham Hosiery Mills (manufacturers of Durable Durham Hosiery), and the Golden Belt Mfg. Co. (manufacturers of small bags and hosiery). There are also manufac- tured in Durham, Erwin and White Star sheetings and pillow cases; Virginia-Carolina fertil- izers; Occoneechee, Peerless and Climax flours; blank books, corrugated boxes, wooden boxes, castings and iron products, harness and saddles, bread, ice, mattresses, brick, building materials, proprietary medicines, furniture, roofing, meat-packing products and machinery. Due to proximity to source of raw materials, cheap electric power and its transportation facilities, Durham offers unexcelled opportunities for the location of industries. Durham is the home city of Camp Butner, one of the latest-constructed barrack cantonments; the Durham Air Support Command Base, and the Army Finance School.


Location: Durham is situated in the geographical center of North Carolina, a few miles north of the center of population of the state. Its terrain is slightly rolling and is well drained.


Payrolls: The payrolls of Durham exceed $15,000,000 annually.


Population:


City of Durham


County of Durham


1890


5,485


1890


18,041


1900


6,679


1900


26,233


1910


18,241


1910


35,276


1920


21,719


1920


42,219


1930


.52,037


1930


67,196


1940


60,195


1940


80,244


1943


est.


70,000


1943


est.


100,000


Post-Office Receipts:


1936


$339,410.41


1940


$351,341.15


1937


337,110.83


1941


409,266.19


1938


345,820.70


1942


420,616.08


1939


354,936.11


1943


556,117.82


Public Utilities: Durham has public utilities furnishing bus service, gas, telephone and electric current service. These facilities compare favorably, both in cost of service and in efficiency, with those in other cities of similar size.


Public Services:


1939


1940


1941


1942


1943


Electric meters


14,811


15,889


17,138


18,104


19,233


Telephones


8,670


9,761


10,954


12,078


13,184


Gas meters


3,000


3,000


2,869


3,074


3,209


Miles of paved streets.


79


79


83


83


83


Miles of sidewalks


64


64


64


64


64


Miles of water mains.


182


190


196.5


196.5


196.5


Miles of sewers


313


317


321


321


321


Number of water meters


11,635


12,027


14,000


14,000


13,381


Recreation: Community recreation, under supervision of the Playground and Recreation Commission, supported by public taxation. Nine public parks, containing swimming pools, tennis courts, etc., 12 city playgrounds, and several large playgrounds maintained by industrial plants for the use of employees. Two 18-hole golf courses; magnificent country club; tennis and gun club; college football, baseball, basketball, track, boxing and wrestling. The schedules of Duke University and the University of North Carolina offer Durham citizens the opportunity of seeing some of the best college teams of the East and South in action. Both these univer- sities have magnificent stadiums, that of the University of North Carolina seating 24,000, while the stadium of Duke University has a seating capacity of 40,000.


n


View of Hope Valley Country Club


Schools: The public school system of Durham is nationally-known for its equipment, high scholastic standards and progressive policies. The Durham College of Commerce, Croft Secretarial School and Kennedy's Commercial School are fully accredited class "A" insti- tutions.


City Schools Enrollment


1938-39


12,240


1939-40


11,788


1940-41


11,962


1941-42


11,552


1942-43


11,285


1943-44


10,475


Number of Schools: White, 14; colored, 7. Number of teachers, 374. Value of public school plant, $3,442,000.


20


INTRODUCTION


n/


t


Duke University Chapel Tower


DURHAM COUNTY


COURT


HOUSE


Durham County Court House


21


INTRODUCTION


Social Agencies: Young Men's Christian Association, Young Women's Christian Associa- tion, Salvation Army, Red Cross, King's Daughters, Board of Charities and Public Welfare, Wright Refuge for Children, Junior League, Council of Social Agencies, Association for the Blind, Family Service Association, Council of Social Agencies, and Duke Legal Aid Clinic.


Streets: Durham is today one of the best paved cities in the state. The white-way lighting system in the business district is admitted to be one of the best in the South.


Taxes and Valuation: In 1943 the city of Durham had an assessed valuation of $97,866,642, with a city tax rate of $1.55 on the $100. Property assessed on 75% of true value. The county of Durham had an assessed valuation of $160,787,731 and a county tax rate of 55c. Property assessed on 75% of true value. No property tax is levied by the State.


Theatres: 5 motion-picture theatres for white, and 2 for colored. Total seating capacity, 5,490.


Transportation: Durham has five lines of railroad, radiating in seven directions. It has two lines of the Southern Railway, the Seaboard Air Line Railway, the Norfolk & Western Railway, the Durham & Southern Railway, and the Norfolk Southern Railroad. These rail- roads afford unusually good freight facilities. Durham is on the National Highway and the Central Highway, the principal routes between the North and South and between the East and West. Excellent bus service is maintained between Durham and Raleigh, Henderson, Oxford, Roxboro, Greensboro, Chapel Hill, Pittsboro, Siler City and Danville, Va.


Water: Durham has an ample supply of pure water. An impounding reservoir completed : in 1926 stores 4,600,000,000 gallons, which, if used for no other purpose, would, at the present rate of consumption, supply the demand for a period of two years. There is no longer any danger of a water shortage. The water is excellent for domestic uses and is soft and free from iron, making it very desirable for industrial purposes.


View of One Eleven Corcoran Street, Constructed at a Cost of $1,000,000, in the Heart of Durham's Business District


PAUL REVERE & CO. At their Foundry. No. 3, BATTERY-MARCH STREET, Near Commercial Coffee House, Berton, Manufacture Composition Bolts, Spiker, Nails, Cap- stern Rums and all. other kinds of ship work at the Tr shortest notice.


Alsa, at their Manufactory in Brointree, All kinds and sices of Church and Chime, Ship and Academy BELLS -Also, Copper Bolts, of all sizes, Sheet Copper, and Braner's Copper, all of which they will wairabi equal to any manufactured in this, or any other country.


All kinds of Brass Machinery, Castings, Cylinders, Ltc. for manofactories, done at short notice, and on the snost liberal ternd.


your City Directory -Served Early Advertisers


MORE GOODS ARE BOUGHT AND SOLD THROUGH THE CLASSIFIED BUSINESS LISTS OF THE DIRECTORY THAN ANY OTHER MEDIUM ON EARTH


24


ABBREVIATIONS


acct accountant


addresso ...


addressograph


adv


.. advertising


agrl .. agricultural elec electrical


agt agent


al .. alley


alt . alteration


Am American


appr


apprentice


apts apartments


archt architect


asmblr assembler


Assn Association


assoc. ... associate asst assistant


atndt


attendant


attorney


. auditor


aud


auto


auto opr ... automatic


operator


av avenue


A telephone


bet between


bgemn .. baggageman


bkbndr .. bookbinder


bkpg mach opr ....: bookkeeping machine


operator ftr


.bkpr bookkeeper


bldg building


bldr builder


.block blk .... blksmith .. blacksmith blrmkr .. boilermaker blvd ..... boulevard


...


brancb


brklyr ... bricklayer


brkmn .... brakeman


cabtmkr cabinetmaker h householder capt captaln hairdrsr .. bairdresser


carp carpenter hd


casbier


cash


Ch Church


chauf chauffeur


chf


chief


civ


clk clerk


clnr cleaner


collr collector


com] commercial


comn .. commission


comnr .. commissioner


compt .. comptometer


cond conductor


confr confectioner


cons consulting


contr contractor


cor corner corres .. correspondent


ct


court


custdn .custodlan cutter ctr


del delivery 1br


dep deputy


dept


department


dicta


dictaphone


dletn


. dletltlan


dir director


dlspr dispatcher


district dlst


div division


dlr dealer mech .. mechanlc


dmnstr .. demonstrator do . .. ditto or same mer


dom


domestic


ABBREVIATIONS OF GIVEN NAMES


Abrabam Abr


Alexander Alex


Alfred


Alf


Daniel


Danl


Archibald


Arch


Edward


Edw


Katherine


Kath


Arthur Arth Elizabeth Eliz


August


Aug


Eugene


Eug


Fredk


Patrick


Geo


Richard Ricbd


Robert Robt


Samuel


Saml


Solomon


Sol


Stephen Steph


Margaret Margt


Michael Michl


Patk


William


Thomas


Thos


Benjamin


Benj


Frederick


10-40


dr drive | meter rdr ....... meter


reader


drftsmn .. draftsman drsmkr .. dressmaker mfg .. manufacturing


e or E East


electn electrician electro .. electrotyper elev elevator embdr .. embroiderer emp


emplo ye emp agcy


employment agency eng


engineer engr engraver es east side est estate


exam .. examiner exch exchange


exec .executive


express


expmn expressman


fcty factory


flgmn


flagman


fnshr


finisher


formn foreman


forwn forewoman frt


ft


foot nr near


ns ... .. north side


nw . northwest O ... property owner ofc wkr .. office worker opp opposite


furngs .. furnishings gasftr gasfitter opr operator


gdnr


gardener


osteo


osteopath


gds goods pass ... passenger


genl


general pat


govt


gro


grocer pharm .. pharmacist


photog .. photographer


phys


..


physician


park pk


hand pkr packer


pkwy parkway


plmbr


plumber


plshr polisher ter


plstr


plasterer painter


hsekpr . . housekeeper Hts Heights PO pntr postoffice


Implts implements PS Public School


pres


president


prfrdr


.proofreader


principal prin


priv sec. .private


secretary


prod produce


prof professor


junior


prop


proprietor


jwlr


jeweler


prov


provisions


kpr


lab


.. laborer


laby wkr ... laboratory worker


lumber


lieut lieutenant


lino


linotype


litho lltbographer


Indrs laundress


Indrymn .. laundryman ltd limited mach


macbinist


mdse merchandise


mechl .. mechanical rep .. representative


reprmn . . repairman


restr .. restaurant


ret ... retail


Rev Reverend rptr .. repeater rte mn .... route man rtg aide .. routing alde Ry Railway


RyMS ..


Railway Mail Service s or S South san sanitary Sav Savings


mn man sch . school


mono monotype se soutbeast


mse opr. .. morse


operator


msngr


messenger


mstr mecb


master mechanic


mtce mn .. maintenance man


mtrmn motorman


mus music multi opr .. multigrapb operator solr solicitor


mut mutual spl special


n or N


North


sq


square


ss.


National


.south side


sta


station


sta eng


stationary engineer statn ..... statistician sten ... stenographer stereo . ... Stereotyper stmftr .. steamfitter str . setter


Supt .. superintendent


supvr. .... supervisor


surg


surgeon


......


.. southwest SW


swtchmn ... switchman tab mach opr.


tabulating macbine


operator


tchr teacher


tech


techniclan


tel


telephone


teleg


telegraph


... terrace


tmkpr timekeeper


tmstr teamster tndr tender


trans .. transportation


tray


traveling


..


treasurer


treas


twp


township


undtkr ... undertaker undwrtr .. underwriter uphol .... upholsterer US ... United States USA .....


United States Army USMC .. United States


Marine Corps


USN ...


United States Navy


vet


veterinary


vulc


vulcanlzer


w or W


West


whol wholesale


purch ... purchasing r .. resides or rooms R C .. Roman Catholic rd road . warebouseman wid wbsemn widow wkr worker wks works


rec .


receiving


ws.


.west side


wtchmn


..


watchman


ydmn


..


yardman


ydmstr .. yardmaster


Metropolitan


Met ...


Catherine


Cath


George


Cbas


James


Jas


Josepb


Jos


RD .. Rural Delivery real est ... real estate


keeper prsfdr .. press feeder


prsmn .. pressman


PrST .. . presser ptrnmkr patternmaker pub .... publishing


publr ..... publisher


hd w hardware pl place


hlpr


helper


hngr hanger


civil hosp hospital


imptr importer


inc


incorporated


ins


insurance


inspr


inspector


instr


Instructor int rev


internal revenue


jr


br


.. patent


government pdlr ยท peddler


furniture furn Tms


furnished rooms


Natl


freight


ne


northeast


fitter


furn


automobile exp


atty


shlp s bipping sht mtl wkr .... sheet metal worker


slsmgr .. salesmanager slsmn salesman slswn ... saleswoman smstrs ... seamstress .. soc society




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