USA > North Carolina > Durham County > Durham > Hill's Durham (Durham County, N.C.) City Directory [1945-46] > Part 2
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13
INTRODUCTION
View of City Hall
tobacco markets in Richmond and other Virginia cities, and local manufacturers had to pay the cost of transporting the tobacco from Virginia to Durham. This condition made desirable the opening of warehouses for the sale of leaf tobacco in Durham, and resulted in this city becoming one of the largest bright-leaf tobacco markets in the world, now selling from 35 to 57 million pounds each season.
During all this time there were no banks in the town, practically all the banking being transacted in Raleigh, and on days of big sales at the tobacco warehouses it was necessary to obtain cash from the merchants in order to pay the farmer for his product. Such inconveniences could not long continue, and soon two banks were established.
View of Main Street, Looking East
14
INTRODUCTION
The next step in the industrial and commercial history of the town was the bringing in of additional railway lines. By the cooperation of manufacturers, merchants, and the city and county governments, the Seaboard Air Line Railway, the Southern Railway, and the Norfolk & Western Railway were given access to this market. Later the Norfolk Southern Railroad and the Durham & Southern Railway were added to the railway lines serving the city, giving a total of five railway companies with seven lines radiating in every direction.
Durham had now grown into a very prosperous and thriving community, but its citi- zenship was not satisfied with having purely a commercial and industrial town. The peo- ple felt the need of better schools and, in 1885, after a heated political campaign, bonds were voted for public school buildings and a tax levied for maintaining a public school system. Today Durham has one of the finest public school plants of any city of its size, with physical property valued at more than $3,442,000, and with a personnel of teachers and management that gives it first rating among the cities of North Carolina.
In 1892, Trinity College, now Duke University, was brought to Durham through the philanthropy of Mr. Washington Duke and General Julian S. Carr. Today Duke Univer- sity has a physical plant worth $20,000,000, 5,011 students, a 575-bed hospital, and ranks among the leading educational institutions of the nation.
As the tobacco industry grew and prospered, certain persons used some of their divi- dends in establishing cotton mills, and this industry soon assumed a position of import- ance in the industrial life of the city. Later hosiery mills were established, until today Durham ranks as the first city of the South in the manufacture of full-fashioned hosiery. Other industries were added from time to time, including flour mills, fertilizer plants, iron works, woodworking plants, printing establishments, etc., until in a recent year there were engaged in industry over 16,000 wage-earners, producing $160,336,003 worth of manu- factured products annually. These industries pay into the Federal treasury approximately $70,000,000 each year. Durham today produces 24% of all the cigarettes made in the U. S.
In 1914 a program of civic improvement was undertaken, and although it was inter- rupted by the first World War, it has now reached the point where Durham has all the conveniences of a modern city, including complete sewerage, asphalt streets, paved side- walks, electric power, gas, the latest dial telephone service, Western Union telegraph service, American Telephone & Telegraph repeater station, insuring rapid long-distance telephone communication; a fine recreation program, and a system of water works with an impounding reservoir sufficient to care for the needs of a city of 100,000 people.
Malbourne Hotel
Any story about Durham would be incomplete without mention of the notable con- tribution which the Negro race has made to the industrial, commercial and civic develop- ment of the community. The progress the race has made here has been truly amazing. Under the leadership of E. R. Merrick, and later, C. C. Spaulding, and their associates, Durham's colored people have established industries, insurance companies, banks and other commercial businesses which would be creditable to any city. The labor which they furnish the city's industrial plants is intelligent and dependable. The high type of leaders among the colored people here has made Durham a conspicuous outpost in the advance- ment of Negro civilization.
15
INTRODUCTION
Duke University Stadium; Seating Capacity, 40,000; Scene of Rose Bowl Football Game, Jan. 1, 1942
Part of the Main Quadrangle, Duke University, West Campus
One of the finest things about the founders of Durham is that material prosperity merely opened to them avenues of service to mankind. It has been said that more philanthropists have been produced in Durham than in any other city of the South. Watts Hospital, of 226 beds, was a gift to the city and county by Mr. George W. Watts. Lincoln Hospital, of 108 beds is largely the gift of Mr. Benjamin N. Duke. Duke Univer- sity is a living memorial to Mr. Washington Duke and his two sons, Benjamin N. Duke and James Buchanan Duke. Other philanthropists have remembered the city from time to time in ways that help in making Durham a good place in which to live and work.
16
INTRODUCTION
Durham is today the third city in North Carolina in point of population, having 70,000 inhabitants, and is second in industrial payrolls, and second in importance in the value of its manufactured products. It is far in the lead in its educational facilities, having an unexcelled public school system and Duke University within its corporate limits, and . having within a radius of a few miles the University of North Carolina, Wake Forest College, Meredith College, North Carolina State College, Peace Institute and St. Mary's.
The colored people have in Durham, in addition to excellent public schools for their race, the North Carolina College for Negroes, the only college of liberal arts for Negroes supported by taxation in the state.
All these things have been accomplished by people not especially favored by nature, but who by their determination, unconquerable will, tireless effort, and by their faith in mankind and in this community, have created a city that proudly takes its position as one of the representative cities of the new South and of America.
BRIEF FACTS ABOUT DURHAM, ALPHABETICALLY ARRANGED
Altitude: 406 feet above sea level.
Area: 12.8 square miles.
.
Automobiles:
Passenger cars in county Jan. 1, 1940.
14,415
Passenger cars in county Jan. 1, 1941.
15,150
Passenger cars in county Jan. 1, 1942.
17,641
Trucks in county Jan. 1, 1940.
3,050
Trucks in county Jan. 1, 1941.
3,425
Trucks in county Jan. 1, 1942.
3,849
All types of vehicles in county as of Dec. 31, 1944.
16,400
Banks:
1940
1911
1942
1943
1944
Capital, surplus and
(As of June 30)
(As of Dec. 31)
(As of June 30)
(As of Dec. 31)
(As of Dec. 31)
undivided profits
$ 3,579,180.41
$ 3,650,712.84
$ 3,794,956.85
$ 4,005,860.52
$ 4,267,406.51
Deposits
28,243,101.89
33,325,398.33
39,506.899.43
55,430,832.86
65,937,059.00
Total resources
31,987,254.75
37,215,869.75
+43,485,575.78
59,682,138.90
70,450,558.39
Industrial Banks:
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
Capital, surplus and
(As of June 30)
(As of Dec. 31)
(As of June 30)
(As of Dec. 31)
(As of Dec. 31)
undivided profits
$ 553,704.13
577,362.69
$ 587,793.38
$ 598,788.72
$ 619,515.87
Total resources
2,209,144.86
2,243,111.94
2,192,891.24
1,975,824.38
2,367,269.85
Deposits
1,583,812.61
1,596,600.13
1,494,597.48
1,310,986.19
1,707,188.99
Building and Loan Associations:
Year
No.
Assets
1940
4
$5,044,529.59
1941
4
6,182,953.83
1942
4
6,240,622.62
1943
4
6,308,779.81
1944
4
7,121,590.23
Building Permits:
Year
No.
Value
1940
509
$1,637,033
1941
576
2,572,180
1942
461
1,451,693
1943
186
456,628
1944
163
481,597
Churches: 87 churches, representing practically all denominations. Durham is noted for its many beautiful church edifices.
City Incorporated: The City of Durham was incorporated by act of the General Assembly, ratified April 10, 1869.
Civic Organizations: Rotary Club, Kiwanis Club, Lions Club, Co-operative Club, Civitan Club, Exchange Club, Altrusa Club, Business and Professional Women's Club, Pilot Club, Durham Merchants' Association, Junior Chamber of Commerce, Durham Chamber of Commerce.
Climate: Equable. Annual mean summer temperature, 71.3; winter, 48.3. 62% sunshine days. Annual rainfall, 47.19 inches. Annual snowfall, 10 inches. Prevailing westerly winds.
17
INTRODUCTION
Duke Hospital (for the Public) and Duke Medical School, Situated on the West Campus
Airplane View Showing East Campus, Duke University, and Part of City of Durham
Colleges:
Duke University Enrollment
1938-39
3,552
1941-42
3,493
1939-40
3,900
1942-43
4,000
1940-41
3,716
1943-44 5,011
Both universities conduct summer schools, which are largely attended.
There is also located in Durham the North Carolina College for Negroes, the only col-
18
INTRODUCTION
lege of liberal arts for colored people, supported by the State, in North Carolina. Enroll- ment for 1944-45, 673.
Convention Facilities: Hotel rooms with bath, 579; without bath, 221; total, 800. Max- imum capacity of lodging accommodations, 1,374 persons; capacity in excess of ordinary requirements, 700 persons. Assembly halls, capacity, 800; ballroom capacity, 590; twelve committee rooms, auditorium, seating capacity, 1,750; Armory Auditorium, seating capacity, 2,500.
County: Durham County was created by act of the General Assembly in 1881 from parts of Orange and Wake counties. While Durham is not a large county, it is the center of the famous bright-leaf tobacco belt. Between 35 and 57 million pounds of tobacco are sold each year on the Durham market. Tobacco is the principal money crop, although cotton, corn and truck crops also are important. Dairying has increased rapidly during the past few years. The county has good roads and splendid schools and churches.
Education: Durham is recognized as being one of the leading educational centers of the South. Its colleges and university, its public school system, its schools of music and business schools are rated among the best in the South by leading educators. (See Colleges and Schools).
Fire Protection: Durham has a well-equipped fire department, with four stations and paid personnel, giving Durham first-class insurance rating.
Government: Durham has had the council-manager form of government since May 4, 1921. It is admitted to be one of the best governed cities in the state.
Health: Durham has a well-organized board of health, with 49 employees, charged with the supervision of health conditions in the entire county. It has been remarkably successful in its work. The white resident death rate for 1944 was only 6.4 (colored resident, 8.1) to the 1,000. The death rate for both races was 6.9. The birth rate for white was 23.1; for colored, 24.1; total, 23.4. Milk, meats, water, markets, dairies, hotels and eating places are carefully inspected.
Durham Public Library
Hospitals: Watts Hospital (public, white) is one of the finest hospitals in the South; value, $1,545,620; 226 beds; personnel of 94 physicians and 120 nurses; endowed by Mr. George W. Watts and partly supported by contributions from city and county. Lincoln Hospital (public, colored) ; value, $250,000; 108 beds; personnel of all physicians in Durham who are in good standing, and 56 nurses; partly supported by contributions from city and county. McPherson Hospital (private-eye, ear, nose and throat); value, $103,000; 35 beds and personnel of 4 physicians, 6 nurses and 4 office girls. Duke Hospital, with 575 beds, representing an investment of more than $3,000,000, is said to be the best-equipped hospital in the world. It was opened on July 21, 1930. During 1932 the Duke Hospital Nurses' Home was completed at a cost of over $300,000.
Hotels: Durham is unusually well provided with hotel facilities. The Washington Duke is one of the finest hotels in the South, having been constructed at a cost of more than $1,750,000. It has 300 bedrooms, all with bath. The Malbourne Hotel-200-room capacity- is a fireproof hotel and newly furnished throughout. Other hotels are the Lochmoor, Dur- ham (4 units) and McArthur, and the Biltmore and Jones hotels for colored people. Hotel rates, $1 to $5 per day; European plan.
Industries: Durham is the second largest industrial center in North Carolina, its out- put of manufactured products being valued at $160,336,002 annually (U. S. Census of Manu- facturers). It has large tobacco industries, manufacturing such well-known brands as Duke's Mixture and Bull Durham smoking tobaccos, and a great many brands of cigar-
19
INTRODUCTION
ettes, including the famous Chesterfield and Lucky Strike, and fifteen brands of Turkish cigarettes. It is the home of the Durham Hosiery Mills (manufacturers of Durable Durham Hosiery), and the Golden Belt Mfg. Co. (manufacturers of small bags and hosiery). There are also manufactured in Durham, Erwin and White Star sheetings and pillow cases; Virginia-Carolina fertilizers; Occoneechee, Peerless and Climax flours; blank books, cor- rugated boxes, wooden boxes, castings and iron products, harness and saddles, bread, ice, mattresses, brick, building materials, proprietary medicines, furniture, roofing, meat-pack- ing products and machinery. Due to proximity to source of raw materials, cheap electric power and its transportation facilities, Durham offers unexcelled opportunities for the lo- cation of industries. Durham is the home city of Camp Butner, where is now located the nation's largest Army general and convalescent hospital, in addition to other military units.
Location: Durham is situated in the geographical center of North Carolina, a few miles north of the center of population of the state. Its terrain is slightly rolling and is well drained.
Payrolls: The payrolls of Durham exceed $22,000,000 annually.
Population:
City of Durham
County of Durham
1890
5,485
1890
18,041
1900
6,679
1900
26,233
1910
18,241
1910
35,276
1920
21,719
1920
42,219
1930
52,037
1930
67,196
1940
60,195
1940
80,244
1944 est.
70,000
1944 est.
100,000
Post-Office Receipts:
1937
$337,110.83
1941
$409,266.19
1938
345,820.70
1942
420,616.08
1939
354,936.11
1943
556,117.82
1940
351,341.15
1944
671,732.49
Public Utilities: Durham has public utilities furnishing bus service, gas, telephone and electric current service. These facilities compare favorably, both in cost of service and in efficiency, with those in other cities of similar size.
Public Services:
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
Electric meters
15,889
17,138
18,104
19,233
19,800
Telephones
9,761
10,954
12,078
13,184
12,700
Gas meters
3,000
2,869
3,074
3,209
3,400
Miles of paved streets
79
83
83
83
83
Miles of sidewalks
64
64
64
64
164
Miles of water mains
190
196.5
196.5
196.5
196.5
Miles of sewers
317
321
321
321
321
Number of water meters
12,027
14,000
14,000
13,381
13,415
Recreation: Community recreation, under supervision of the Playground and Recrea- tion Commission, supported by public taxation. Nine public parks, containing swimming pools, tennis courts, etc., 12 city playgrounds, and several large playgrounds maintained by industrial plants for the use of employees. Two 18-hole golf courses; magnificent country club; tennis and gun club; college football, baseball, basketball, track, boxing and wrest- ling. The schedules of Duke University and the University of North Carolina offer Durham citizens the opportunity of seeing some of the best college teams of the East and South in action. Both these universities have magnificent stadiums, that of the University of North Carolina seating 24,000, while the stadium of Duke University has a seating capacity of 40,000.
-
View of Hope Valley Country Club
Schools: The public school system of Durham is nationally-known for its equipment, high scholastic standards and progressive policies. Croft Secretarial School and Kennedy's Commercial School are fully accredited class "A" institutions.
City Schools Enrollment
1939-40
11,788
1940-41
11,962
1941-42
11,552
1942-43
11,285
1943-44
10,475
1944-45
10,040
-
Number of Schools: White, 14; colored, 7. Number of teachers, 371. Value of public school plant, $3,442,000.
20
INTRODUCTION
Duke University Chapel Tower
DERHAM COUNTY COURT
HOUSE
Durham County Court House
3
21
INTRODUCTION
Social Agencies: Young Men's Christian Association, Young Women's Christian Asso- ciation, Salvation Army, Red Cross, King's Daughters, Board of Charities and Public Wel- fare, Wright Refuge for Children, Junior League, Council of Social Agencies, Association for the Blind, Family Service Association, Council of Social Agencies, and Duke Legal Aid Clinic.
Streets: Durham is today one of the best paved cities in the state. The white-way lighting system in the business district is admitted to be one of the best in the South.
Taxes and Valuation: In 1944 the city of Durham had an assessed valuation of $96,987,325, with a city tax rate of $1.55 on the $100. Property assessed on 75% of true value. The county of Durham has an assessed valuation of $159,000,444 and a county tax rate of 55c. Property assessed on 75% of true value. No property tax is levied by the State.
Theatres: 5 motion-picture theatres for white, and 2 for colored. Total seating capac- ity, 5,490.
Transportation: Durham has five lines of railroad, radiating in seven directions. It has two lines of the Southern Railway, the Seaboard Air Line Railway, the Norfolk & Western Railway, the Durham & Southern Railway, and the Norfolk Southern Railroad. These rail- roads afford unusually good freight facilities. Durham is on the National Highway and the Central Highway, the principal routes between the North and South and between the East and West. Excellent bus service is maintained between Durham and Raleigh, Hender- son, Oxford, Roxboro, Greensboro, Chapel Hill, Pittsboro, Siler City and Danville, Va.
Water: Durham has an ample supply of pure water. An impounding reservoir com- pleted in 1926 stores 4,600,000,000 gallons, which, if used for no other purpose, would, at the present rate of consumption, supply the demand for a period of two years. There is no longer any danger of a water shortage. The water is excellent for domestic uses and is soft and free from iron, making it very desirable for industrial purposes.
-
View of One Eleven Corcoran Street, Constructed at a Cost of $1,000,000, in the Heart of Durham's Business District
Cashiers!
Tellers!
Clerks!
Do your employers furnish you with the latest edition of the City Directory
?
You need it at your elbow at all times, to protect your company from forgers and bad-check artists. A few questions, checked against City Directory informa- tion, will trip them at once. Intelligent use of the City Directory for this purpose has saved thousands of dollars and helped make some cities "too sharp" for bad-check "operators."
VITAL INFORMATION AT YOUR FINGER-TIPS!
Tens of thousands of people who were formerly strangers to the City Directory are consulting it on questions of citizenship, employment, sources of supply, communica- tion, etc. Also, Directory usage is up among regular subscribers.
More People Are SEEING CITY DIRECTORY ADS
24
ABBREVIATIONS
acct accountant
adj adjuster div
adv advertising dlr dealer
agcy agency
agri agricultural
agt
agent dr
al
..
alt . alteration
Am
American
appr apprentice
apts apartments
archt architect
asmbir assembler
Association
assoc .. ... associate
asst
assistant
atndt
attendant
atty
attorney
aud . auditor
auto automobile
avenue
A
.telephone
Bapt Baptist
bet
between
bey
beyond
bgemn .. baggageman
bkbndr .. bookbinder bkpr bookkeeper
bidg
building
bidr
builder
bik
block
blksınith .. blacksmith
birmkr .. boilermaker
blød
.... boulevard
br
branch
brklyr
bricklayer
brkmn .. brakeman
brnr
burner
CSP ... Christian gro
Science Practitioner h householder hairdrsr . . hairdresser pl
cabtnikr cabinetmaker ca pt captain
cash
cashier
Cath
Catholic
hl.pr
.. helper
Clı
Church
hngr
hanger
chauf
chem chemist or
chief chf
chkr
checker
inc
..
incorporated
civil
ins
insurance
inspr
inspector
instr
instructor
int rev
internal revenue
janitor
junior
jwlr
jeweler
compt .. comptometer kpr keeper
conductor
condr
confr .. confectioner
Cong . Congregational cons
contr
contractor
cor
corner
court
ct
custdn ... custodian
ctr
del delivery Luth
dep
.... deputy
dept department
dicta dictaphone
dietn
.. dletitian
.director dir
dispr
dispatcher
dist
district
reader Ry
Railway
RyMS
Railway Mail Service s or S South san sanitary Say .Savings
do ... ditto or same drive mkr maker sch School
mkt market se southeast
mldr moider se c secretary
mlnr milliner
elec electrical mn man ship shipping
electn electrician mono monotype
clectro .. electrotyper elev .. elevator
eng
engineer
engr engraver
Episc Episcopal
equip equipment
cast side
exam examiner
exch exchange
exec .executive
exp cxpress
factory
Federal
flgmn
flagman
fnshr
finisher
formn foreman
forwn forewoman frt
ft
ftr
fitter furn
furniture furngs furnishings gdnr gardener gds
genl
general
govt government pk park ter terrace
grocer pkr packer
pkwy parkway
... place
pim br
plumber
pishr
plstr
plasterer
pntr ... painter
PO
postoffice
president pres
Presby ... Presbyterian
prirdr .. . proofreader
prin ·principai
priv
.. private
prntr printer
prod
produce
prof
professor
prop
proprietor
prsfdr press feeder
prsmn pressman
prsr
. . presser
ptrnmkr patternmaker pub publishing pubir .. publisher
purch ... purchasing
r .. resides or rooms R C. . Roman Catholic rd
road RD .. Rural Delivery real est ... real estate rec receiving
recpt .. receptionist wid widow
representative
reprmn
..
repairman
wkr
wks
works
worker
mdse
mech
meter rdr
.. meter
rm
ABBREVIATIONS OF GIVEN NAMES
Abraham . Abr
Alexander Alex
Alfred Aif
Archibald Arch
Edward
Edw
Katherine
Kath
Margaret Margt
Michael Michl
Thomas
.
Thos
Benjamin
Benj
Frederick
Fredk
Patrick Path
Geo
Richard Richd
Robert
Robt
Samuel Saml
Solomon
Sol
Stephen Steph
Theodore . Theo
August
Aug
Eugene
Eug
| Meth .. Methodist
division niťg . . manufacturing
nıfr
.. manufacturer
Ingr manager
mimeo .. mimeograph
msngr messenger
Instr master
mtrmn motorman solr solicitor
multi .. multigraph spi special
mus music SO
mut mutual
n or N North
Natl
National
ne
northeast
near nr
ns.
.north side
nw northwest
O ... property owner
oťc office supt . . superintendent supvr Supervisor
surg
surgeon
opr
operator
optom
optometrist
sw
southwest
swtchmn ... switchman tab mach
tabulating machine
tchr
.. teacher
tech
. technician
tel
telephone
teleg
telegraph
tmkpr timekeeper tmstr teamster tndr tender
trans .. transportation trav traveling
trnmn
trainman
treas
treasurer
tstr
.. tester
twp
township
typ .. typist
undwrtr .. underwriter Univ University uphol . . .... upholsterer US ... United States USA
United States Army
USCG United
States Coast Guard USMC .. United States
Marine Corps
USMS
Unlted
States Maritime Service
USN
United States Navy vet veterinary vulc vuicanizer W Or W West whoi wholesale
whsemn
warehouseman
coml
commercial
jan
commission
jr
civ
cik clerk
clnr cleaner
clo clothing
collr collector
comn
comnr .. commissioner
lab
laborer
. .
iaby .laboratory Ibr
.lieutenant
lino
ilnotype
litho
lithographer
Indrs
laundress
Indry
laundry
cutter ltd limited
Lutheran
mach machinist rep
merchandise
mechanic
restr
restaurant
wldr
welder
...
ydmstr .. yardmaster
Wm
9-44
Catherine
Cath
George
James Jas
Chas
Daniei
Dan1
Joseph
Jos
..
polisher
pharm .. .pharmacist
photog .. photographer
phys
physician
pass passenger
pat . patent
pdir
peddier
goods
hdqtrs .. headquarters lid s hardware
chauffeur
hosp
hospitai
PS
. .
Public School
hsekpr .. housekeeper
chemical Hts Heights
implts implements
freight foot
fcty
Fed
drftsmn .. draftsman drsmkr .. dressmaker e or E East
| distr distributor
dmnstr .. demonstrator
alley
Assn . .
sht mtl .. sheet metal sis .sales smstrs .. seamstress soc society
... square Ss ... ... south side sta station
sta eng
stationary engineer
sten stenographer stereo ... stereotyper stmftr ·· steamfitter str setter
stvdr stevedore
..
sergt
sergeant
William
or mechanicai ret retail WS. .. West side wtchmn room .. watchman ydmn .... yardman
Met Metropolitan Rev Reverend
Arthur Arth Elizabeth Eliz
Charles
consulting lieut lumber
carp
carpenter
Hẹb
Hebrew
opp
opposite
osteo osteopath
emp
employee
mtce
maintenance
1
REFRIGERATION
CONTRACTING REPAIRS
APPLIANCES DURHAM ELECTRIC CONSTRUCTION CO. 118-119 ORANGE ST.
PHONE R-739
HILL'S DURHAM CITY DIRECTORY 1945-46
Copyright, 1946, by Hill Directory Co., Inc. For List of General Abbreviations see opposite page
SPECIAL ABBREVIATIONS
Ala
Alabama
Maplewd
Maplewood
AmTobCo
. American Tobacco Co
Bdwy
.Broadway
N&WRy
. Norfolk & Western Ry
ClevInd
Cleveland
Corp
Corporation
Del
Delaware
Edgewd dr
Edgewood Drive
Elmwd av.
Elmwood Avenue
Englewd av
.Englewood Avenue
Fleetwd
Fleetwood
Forest Wd dr.
. Forest Wood Drive
V-CChemCorp ... Virginla-Carolina Chemical Corp
Georgia Va Virginia
WUTeleg . Western Union Telegraph Co
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