USA > North Carolina > Durham County > Durham > Hill's Durham (Durham County, N.C.) City Directory [1947] > Part 2
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In the meantime. W. T. Blackwell had moved to Durham to engage in the tobacco business. He was to the early development of the tobacco industry in Durham what Napoleon was to France, or Caesar to Rome. The Durham Bull got upon the map and in a few brief years his sonorous voice, like the shot at Lexington. was heard around the world. In 1872 the two small tobacco factories had grown into twelve.
James Buchanan Duke, becoming convinced that it was neither practicable nor prof- itable to compete with Bull Durham smoking tobacco, turned the vision of his great genius into the cigarette field, and from that day to the present hour the increasing volume of the tobacco industry has become the common property of mankind.
On April 10, 1869. almost exactly four years after Johnston surrendered to Sherman. Durham was born. There were only 258 inhabitants in the village, and the total muni- cipal revenue was $357.44. The largest taxpayer paid $40.62 in taxes. In 1870 there were probably less than 100 wage-earners in industrial pursuits in the town.
The tobacco industry grew at a very rapid rate, using large quantities of bright-leaf tobacco. While much of this type of tobacco was grown around Durham, it was sold at
13
INTRODUCTION
View of City Hall
tobacco markets in Richmond and other Virginia cities, and local manufacturers had to pay the cost of transporting the tobacco from Virginia to Durham, This condition made desirable the opening of warehouses for the sale of leaf tobacco in Durham, and resulted in this city becoming one of the largest bright-leaf tobacco markets in the world, now selling from 35 to 57 million pounds each season,
During all this time there were no banks in the town, practically all the banking being transacted in Raleigh, and on days of big sales at the tobacco warehouses it was necessary to obtain cash from the merchants in order to pay the farmer for his product. Such inconveniences could not long continue, and soon two banks were established.
-
View of Main Street, Looking East
14
INTRODUCTION
The next step in the industrial and commercial history of the town was the bringing in of additional railway lines. By the cooperation of manufacturers, merchants, and the city and county governments, the Seaboard Air Line Railway, the Southern Railway, and the Norfolk & Western Railway were given access to this market. Later the Norfolk Southern Railroad and the Durham & Southern Railway were added to the railway lines serving the city, giving a total of five railway companies with seven lines radiating in every direction.
Durham had now grown into a very prosperous and thriving community, but its citi- zenship was not satisfied with having purely a commercial and industrial town. The peo- ple felt the need of better schools and, in 1885, after a heated political campaign, bonds were voted for public school buildings and a tax levied for maintaining a public school system. Today Durham has one of the finest public school plants of any city of its size, with physical property valued at more than $3,442,000, and with a personnel of teachers and management that gives it first rating among the cities of North Carolina.
In 1892, Trinity College, now Duke University, was brought to Durham through the philanthropy of Mr. Washington Duke and General Julian S. Carr. Today Duke Univer- sity has a physical plant worth $20,000,000, 5,011 students, a 575-bed hospital, and ranks among the leading educational institutions of the nation.
As the tobacco industry grew and prospered, certain persons used some of their divi- dends in establishing cotton mills, and this industry soon assumed a position of import- ance in the industrial life of the city. Later hosicry mills were established, until today Durham ranks as the first city of the South in the manufacture of full-fashioned hosiery. Other industries were added from time to time, including flour mills, fertilizer plants, iron works, woodworking plants, printing establishments, etc., until in a recent year there were engaged in industry over 16,000 wage-earners, producing $160,336,003 worth of manu- factured products annually. These industries pay into the Federal treasury approximately $70,000,000 each year. Durham today produces 24% of all the cigarettes made in the U. S.
In 1914 a program of civic improvement was undertaken, and although it was inter- rupted by the first World War, it has now reached the point where Durham has all the conveniences of a modern city, including complete sewerage, asphalt streets, paved side- walks, electric power, gas, the latest dial telephone service, Western Union telegraph service. American Telephone & Telegraph repeater station, insuring rapid long-distance telephone communication; a fine recreation program, and a system of water works with an impounding reservoir sufficient to care for the needs of a city of 100,000 people.
Malbourne Hotel
Any story about Durham would be incomplete without mention of the notable con- tribution which the Negro race has made to the industrial, commercial and civic develop- ment of the community. The progress the race has made here has been truly amazing. Under the leadership of E. R. Merrick, and later, C. C. Spaulding, and their associates. Durham's colored people have established industries, insurance companies, banks and other commercial businesses which would be creditable to any city. The labor which they furnish the city's industrial plants is intelligent and dependable. The high type of leaders among the colored people here has made Durham a conspicuous outpost in the advance- ment of Negro civilization.
15
INTRODUCTION
Duke University Stadium; Seating Capacity, 40,000; Scene of Rose Bowl Football Game, Jan. 1, 1942
---
Part of the Main Quadrangle, Duke University, West Campus
One of the finest things about the founders of Durham is that material prosperity merely opened to them avenues of service to mankind. It has been said that more philanthropists have been produced in Durham than in any other city of the South. Watts Hospital, of 226 beds, was a gift to the city and county by Mr. George W. Watts. Lincoln Hospital, of 108 beds is largely the gift of Mr. Benjamin N. Duke. Duke Univer- sity is a living memorial to Mr. Washington Duke and his two sons, Benjamin N. Duke and James Buchanan Duke. Other philanthropists have remembered the city from time to time in ways that help in making Durham a good place in which to live and work.
16
INTRODUCTION
Durham is today the third city in North Carolina in point of population, having 70,000 inhabitants, and is second in industrial payrolls, and second in importance in the value of its manufactured products. It is far in the lead in its educational facilities, having an unexcelled public school system and Duke University within its corporate limits, and having within a radius of a few miles the University of North Carolina, Wake Forest College, Meredith College, North Carolina State College, Peace Institute and St. Mary's.
The colored people have in Durham, in addition to excellent public schools for their race, the North Carolina College for Negroes, the only college of liberal arts for Negroes supported by taxation in the state.
All these things have been accomplished by people not. especially favored by nature, but who by their determination, unconquerable will, tireless effort, and by their faith in mankind and in this community, have created a city that proudly takes its position as one of the representative cities of the new South and of America.
BRIEF FACTS ABOUT DURHAM, ALPHABETICALLY ARRANGED
Altitude: 406 feet above sea level.
Area: 12.8 square miles.
Automobiles:
Passenger cars in county Jan. 1, 1940.
14.415
Passenger cars in county Jan. 1, 194
15.150
Passenger cars in county Jan. 1. 1942
17.641
Trucks in county Jan. 1, 1940.
3.050
Trucks in county Jan. 1, 1941.
3,425
Trucks in county Jan. 1, 1942
3.849
All types of vehicles in county as of Dec. 31, 1944
16,400
Banks:
1940
1911
1942
1943
Capital, surplus and
(As of June 30)
(As of Dec. 31)
( As of June 30)
( As ot Dec. 31) $ 4,005.860.52
(As of Dec. 31)
undivided profits
$ 3.579,180.41
$ 3,650.512.84
$ 3,794,956.85
$ 4.267,406.51
Deposits
28,243,101.89
33.325,398.35
39,506.899.13
55,430,832.86
65,937,059.00
Total resources
31,987.254.75
37.215,869.75
43,485,575.78
59.682,138.90
70.450.558.39
Industrial Banks:
1810
1941
1912
1943
1944
Capital, surplus and
(As of June 30)
(.As of Dec. 31)
(.1 s of June 30)
(As of Dec. 31)
(As of Dec. 31)
undivided profits
$ 553.704.13
577.362.69
537.793.38
$ 598,788.72
619,515.87
Total resources
2.209.144.86
2.243.111.34
2,192,891.24
1,975,824.38
2.367,269.85
Deposits
1,5 3.812.61
1,596,600.13
1.194.797.18
1.310,986,19
1.707,188.99
Building and Loan Associations:
Year
No.
Assets
1940
4
$5,044,529.59
1941
4
6.182.953.83
1942
4
6,240,622.62
1943
4
6,303,779.81
1944
4
7,121,590.23
1943
4
8.638,783.29
Building Permits:
Year
No.
Value
1940
509
$1.637,033
1941
576
2,572,180
1942
461
1,451.693
1943
186
456.628
1944
163
481.597
1945
264
1,990,478
Churches: 97 churches, representing practically all denominations. Durham is noted for its many beautiful church edifices.
City Incorporated: The City of Durham was incorporated by act of the General Assembly, ratified April 10. 1869.
Civic Organizations: Rotary Club. Kiwanis Club. Lions Club. Co-operative Club, Civitan Club, Exchange Club, Altrusa Club, Business and Professional Women's Club, Pilot Club, Durham Merchants' Association, Junior Chamber of Commerce, Durham Chamber of Commerce.
Climate: Equable. Annual mean summer temperature. 71.3; winter. 48.3. 62% sunshine days. Annual rainfall, 47.19 inches. Annual snowfall, 10 inches. Prevailing westerly winds.
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INTRODUCTION
Duke Hospital (for the Public) and Duke Medical School, Situated on the West Campus
Airplane View Showing East Campus, Duke University, and Part of City of Durham
Colleges:
Duke University Enrollment
1938-39
3,552
1941-42 3,493
1939-40
3,900
1942-43 4,000
1940-41
3,716
1943-44 5,011
Both universities conduct summer schools, which are largely attended.
There is also located in Durham the North Carolina College for Negroes, the only col-
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INTRODUCTION
lege of liberal arts for colored people, supported by the State, in North Carolina. Enroll- ment for 1944-45, 673.
Convention Facilities: Hotel rooms with bath, 579; without bath. 221; total, 800. Max- imum capacity of lodging accommodations, 1,374 persons: capacity in excess of ordinary requirements, 700 persons. Assembly halls, capacity, 800; ballroom capacity, 500; twelve committee rooms, auditorium, seating capacity, 1,750; Armory Auditorium, seating capacity, 2,500.
County: Durham County was created by act of the General Assembly in 1881 from parts of Orange and Wake counties. While Durham is not a large county, it is the center of the famous bright-leaf tobacco belt. Between 35 and 57 million pounds of tobacco are sold each year on the Durham market. Tobacco is the principal money crop. although cotton, corn and truck crops also are important. Dairying has increased rapidly during the past few years. The county has good roads and splendid schools and churches.
Education: Durham is recognized as being one of the leading educational centers of the South. Its colleges and university, its public school system, its schools of music and business schools are rated among the best in the South by leading educators. (See Colleges and Schools).
Fire Protection: Durham has a well-equipped fire department, with four stations and paid personnel, giving Durham first-class insurance rating.
Government: Durham has had the council-manager form of government since May 4, 1921. It is admitted to be one of the best governed cities in the state.
Health: Durham has a well-organized board of health, with 49 employees, charged with the supervision of health conditions in the entire county. It has been remarkably successful in its work. The white resident death rate for 1944 was only 6.4 (colored resident, 8.1) to the 1.000. The death rate for both races was 6.9. The birth rate for white was 23.1; tor colored. 24.1; total, 23.4. Milk. meats, water, markets, dairies, hotels and eating places are carefully inspected.
Durham Public Library
Hospitals: Watts Hospital (public, white) is one of the finest hospitals in the South: value, $1.545.620; 226 beds; personnel of 94 physicians and 120 nurses; endowed by Mr. George W. Watts and partly supported by contributions from city and county. Lincoln Hospital (public, colored ) ; value, $250,000; 108 beds; personnel of all physicians in Durham who are in good standing, and 56 nurses: partly supported by contributions from city and county. McPherson Hospital (private-eye, ear, nose and throat); value, $103.000; 35 beds and personnel of 4 physicians, 6 nurses and 4 office girls. Duke Hospital, with 575 beds. representing an investment of more than $3,000.000, is said to be the best-equipped hospital in the world. It was opened on July 21, 1930. During 1932 the Duke Hospital Nurses' Home was completed at a cost of over $300.000.
Hotels: Durham is unusually well provided with hotel facilities. The Washington Duke is one of the finest hotels in the South, having been constructed at a cost of more than $1,750,000. It has 300 bedrooms, all with bath. The Malbourne Hotel-200-room capacity- is a fireproof hotel and newly furnished throughout. Other hotels are the Lochmoor, Dur- ham (4 units) and McArthur, and the Biltmore and Jones hotels for colored people. Hotel rates, $1 to $5 per day: European plan.
Industries: Durham is the second largest industrial center in North Carolina, its out- put of manufactured products being valued at $160.336,002 annually (U. S. Census of Manu- factures). It has large tobacco industries, manufacturing such well-known brands as Duke's Mixture and Bull Durham smoking tobaccos, and a great many brands of cigar- ettes, including the famous Chesterfield and Lucky Strike, and fifteen brands of Turkish cigarettes. It is the home of the Durham Hosiery Mills (manufacturers of Durable Durham Hosiery), and the Golden Belt Mfg. Co. (manufacturers of small bags and hosiery). There are also manufactured in Durham, Erwin and White Star sheetings and pillow cases; Virginia-Carolina fertilizers; Occoneechee. Peerless and Climax flours; blank books, cor-
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INTRODUCTION
rugated boxes, wooden boxes, castings and iron products, harness and saddles, bread, ice, mattresses, brick, building materials, proprietary medicines, furniture, roofing, meat-pack- ing products and machinery. Due to proximity to source of raw materials, cheap electric power and its transportation facilities, Durham offers unexcelled opportunities for the lo- cation of industries. Durham is the home city of Camp Butner, where is now located the nation's largest Army general and convalescent hospital, in addition to other military units.
Location: Durham is situated in the geographical center of North Carolina, a few miles north of the center of population of the state. Its terrain is slightly rolling and is well drained.
Payrolls: The payrolls of Durham exceed $22,000,000 annually.
Population:
City of Durham
County of Durham
1890
5,485
1890
18.041
1900
6,679
1900
26,233
1910
18.241
1910
35,276
1920
21,719
1920
42,219
1930
52,037
1930
67,196
1940
60,135
194)
80,244
1946 est.
70.000
1944 es ..
100,000
Post-Office Receipts:
1933
$345,820.70
1342
$420,616.08
1933
354,936.11
1943
556,117.82
1940
351,341.15
1944
671,732.49
1941
409,266.19
1945
612,869.19
Public Utilities: Durham has public utilities furnishing bus service, gas, telephone and electric current service. These facilities compare favorably, both in cost of service and in efficiency, with those in other cities of similar size.
Public Services:
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
Electric meters
17,138
18,104
19,233
19,800
20,651
Telephones
10,954
12,078
13,184
12,700
13,400
Gas ineters
2,869
3.074
3,209
3.400
3.780
Miles of paved streets
83
83
83
83
83
Miles of sidewalks
64
64
64
64
64
Miles of water mains
196.5
196.5
196.5
196.5
196.5
Miles of sewers. .
321
321
321
321
321
Number of water meters
14,000
14,000
13,381
13,415
13,571
Recreation: Community recreation, under supervision of the Playground and Recrea- tion Commission, supported by public taxation. Nine public parks, containing swimming pools, tennis courts, etc., 12 city playgrounds, and several large playgrounds maintained by industrial plants for the use of employees. Two 18-hole golf courses; magnificent country club; tennis and gun club; college football, baseball, basketball, track, boxing and wrest- ling. The schedules of Duke University and the University of North Carolina offer Durham citizens the opportunity of seeing some of the best college teams of the East and South in action. Both these universities have magnificent stadiums, that of the University of North Carolina seating 24,000, while the stadium of Duke University has a seating capacity of 40,000.
View of Hope Valley Country Club
Schools: The public school system of Durham is nationally-known for its equipment, high scholastic standards and progressive policies. Croft Secretarial School and Kennedy's Commercial School are fully accredited class "A" institutions.
City Schools Enrollment
1940-41
11,962
1941-42
11,552
1942-43
11,285
1943-44
10.475
1944-45
10.040
1945-46
10,177
Number of Schools: White, 14; colored. 7. Number of teachers, 367. Value of public school plant, $3,889,499.
Social Agencies: Young Men's Christian Association, Young Women's Christian Asso- ciation, Salvation Army, Red Cross, King's Daughters, Board of Charities and Public Wel- fare. Wright Refuge for Children, Junior League. Council of Social Agencies, Association for the Blind, Family Service Association, Council of Social Agencies, and Duke Legal Aid Clinic.
J
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INTRODUCTION
View of One Eleven Corcoran Street, Constructed at a Cost of $1,000,000, in the Heart of Durham's Business District
DERHAM
Durham County Court House
INTRODUCTION
Streets: Durham is today one of the best paved cities in the state. The white-way lighting system in the business district is admitted to be one of the best in the South.
Taxes and Valuation: In 1945 the city of Durham had an assessed valuation of $103,378,002, with a city tax rate of $1.55 on the $100. Property assessed on 75% of true value. The county of Durham had an assessed valuation of $159,000,444 and a county tax rate of 55c in 1944. Property assessed on 75% of true value. No property tax is levied by the State.
Theatres: 5 motion-picture theatres for white, and 2 for colored. Total seating capac- ity, 5,490.
Transportation: Durham has five lines of railroad, radiating in seven directions. It has two lines of the Southern Railway, the Seaboard Air Line Railway, the Norfolk & Western Railway, the Durham & Southern Railway, and the Norfolk Southern Railroad. These rail- roads afford unusually good freight facilities. Durham is on the National Highway and the Central Highway, the principal routes between the North and South and between the East and West. Excellent bus service is maintained between Durham and Raleigh, Hender- son. Oxford, Roxboro, Greensboro, Chapel Hill, Pittsboro, Siler City and Danville, Va.
Water: Durham has an ample supply of pure water. An impounding reservoir com- pleted in 1926 stores 4,600,000,000 gallons, which, if used for no other purpose, would, at the present rate of consumption, supply the demand for a period of two years. There is no longer any danger of a water shortage. The water is excellent for domestic uses and is soft and free from iron, making it very desirable for industrial purposes.
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Duke University Chapel Tower
Out of Sight . Out of Mind Out of Business
The importance of keeping firm and product names in the public eye is recognized by all business men. It is astonishing to see how a firm or product, however meritorious, will slip into the limbo of the forgotten if not persistently advertised.
The City Directory is the natural medium for keep- ing a business or product name in the spotlight. Insist on being well represented in its pages.
24
ABBREVIATIONS
distr distributor ! Meth
.....
Methodist
RyMS
...
Railway Mail Service
s or
S
South
san
sanitary
Sav
.. Savings
sch
school
mikt
market
se .
southeast
mldr
molder
ser
secretary
sergt
sergeant
ship
shipping
mono monotype sht mtl .. sheet metal
misner messenger sls .sales
mistr master smstrs ... seamstress
mtce
maintenance
soc
society
mtrn
motorman
solr
. solicitor
spl
multi
multigraph
special
miIs
. music
są
square
SS ..
.south side
sta
station
sta eng
stationary
engineer
sten
stenographer
stereo
... stereotyper
stmftr
..
steamfitter
str
setter
stvdr . stevedore
ofc
office
supt
. . superintendent
supvr
opp
opposite
supervisor
. .
operator
surg
surgeon
opr
optom
optometrist
SW
southwest
swtelmn ... switchman tab mach
tabulating machine
tchr
. teacher
tech
. technician
tel
telephone
teleg
telegraph
park
ter
terrace
tmkpr timekeeper
tmstr
teamster
tndr
tender
trans .. transportation trav traveling
trnmn trainman
treas
treasurer
tstr
tester
twp
township
typ .. typist
undwrtr .. underwriter Univ University uphol .... upholsterer US ... United States USA
United States Army USCG United
States Coast Guard
USMC .. United States
Marine Corps
USMS
I'nited
States Maritime
Service
USN
United States Navy
vet
veterinary
vulc
vulcanizer
w or W
West
whol
... wholesale
whsemn . warehouseman
recut . . receptionist wid widow
reprmn
. .
repairm'ın
wks
works
restr
restaurant
wldr
welder
or mechanical
ret
retail
WS.
... West side
Met Metropolitan Rev Reverend
meter rdr ..... .. meter
reader
Ry
Railway
ydmstr .. yardmaster
ABBREVIATIONS OF GIVEN NAMES
Abraham
Abr
Alexander Alex
Alfred Alf
Archibald Arch
Arthur Arth
Elizabeth Eliz
Eugene Eug
Frederick
Fredk
Patrick
Geo
Richard Richd
Robert Robt
Samuel
Saml
Solomon
Sol
Stephen
Steph
Theodore
. Theo
August
Aug
Michael MichI
Thomas
Thos
Benjamin 9-44
Beni
Catherine
Cath
George
James
Jas
Katherine
Kath
Margaret Margt
Patk
William Wm
ace accountant
adv .. advertising
agcy agency
agri ... agricultural
agt
al alley
alt .....
... alteration
American Am . ... . .
appr .. apprentice
apts apartments
archt architect
asmbIr ... assembler
Assi
..
assoc ........ associate asst assistant
atndt .. . attendant
atty
attorney
aud
alto antomobile
av
avenue
. telephone exp express
Bapt Baptist
bet
bey beyond
bgemn .. baggageman
bkondr bookbinder
bkpr bookkeeper
bldg building
hldr builder
blk
blksmith .. blacksmith
blrmnkr .. boilermaker
blvd
boulevard
br
branch
brklyr
... bricklayer
brkmn .... brakeman
brnr
.burner
CSP Christian gro
Science Practitioner
cabtinkr cabinetmaker
capt
captain
carp
carpenter
cash
cashier
Cath- Catholic
Cl
Church
hngr
hanger
clerk
inspr
inspector
clnr
cleaner
clo clothing
collr collector
com] ... commercial
conin .. commission
comnr .. commissioner
compt .. comptometer
condr . .
. .
confr
confectioner
Cong . Congregational cons consulting
contr
contractor
cor
corner
ct
court
custdn . custodian
ctr
del delivery
dep . deputy
dieta dictaphone
. dletitian
dir . director
dispr dispatcher
dist
district
dlr .... . . .
. .
dealer
mfr . . manufacturer
manager
mimeo . . mimeograph
mkr maker drive drftsmn .. draftsman drsmkr .. dressmaker e or E East mlnr milliner
elec electrical
electn
electrician
electro .. electrotyper elev elevator
emp
employee
eng . engineer engr engraver
Epise
Episcopal
equip
equipment
east side
exam
. examiner
exch exchange
exec . executive
fety factory
Fed
Federal
İlgi
flagman
fnshr
finisher
formn
foreman
forwn forewoman frt freight
ftr
fitter
furngs
fu. nishings
gdnr
gardener
gds
goods
genl
general
govt
government
pk
grocer pkr packer
houscholder pkwy parkway
hairdrst . . hairdresser pl place
plmbr
plumber
plshr
polisher
plstr
plasterer
pntr painter
PO postoffice
chauf . . chauffeur hosp hsekpr . . housekeeper hospital PS chen: chemist or Public School pres president chemical Hts Heights che ellief Presby . . Presbyterian prfrdr ... . proofreader
impIts implements
checker
inc
incorporated
civil
ins
insurance
instr
instructor
int rev
internal revenue jan janitor Jr
junior
jwlr
jeweler
kpr keeper
lab laborer
laby laboratory lbr lumber
lieut . lieutenant r .. resides or rooms
R C. . Roman
Catholic
litho
lithographer
Indrs
lanndress
rd
. road
RD .. Rural Delivery
real est. .. real estate
rec receiving
rep representative
wkr
worker
dept
department
mde
merchandise
incehanic
mech
lino linotype
Indry
laundry limited
Luth Lutheran mach machinist
Charles
Chas
Daniel
Danl
Joseph
Jos
principal
. private
prntr
printer
prod
produce
prof
professor
proprietor
prsfdr
.. press feeder
prsmn pressman
prsr . . presser
ptrnmkr patternmaker pub
..
publishing
publr
. .
publisher
purch ... purchasing
pass passenger
pdlr
.
peddler
pharm
..
pharmacist
photog . . photographer
phys
physician
nr
ns.
north side
nw northwest
@ ... property owner
n or N North
Natl
National
ne
northeast
near
osteo osteopath
furn furniture pat . patent
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