USA > North Carolina > Wayne County > Goldsboro > Hill's Goldsboro City Directory [1962] > Part 2
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Motor Freight -- Goldsboro is served by U. S. Highway 70, a trans-continental east-west highway, U. S. Highways 13 and 117, north-south routes, and state highways 102, 111 and 581. Goldsboro is also the center of a vast network of paved secondary roads providing easy travel to all sections of the county.
Seven large trucking companies maintain terminals in Goldsboro and, along with a number of local companies, offer fast dependable motor freight service to all points daily. In addition, there are several local "for hire" trucking companies.
Population- Ninety-nine per cent of the people of Goldsboro and Wayne County are native born.
Population, Goldsboro and Wayne County, N. C.
Goldsboro, N. C.
Year
Population
Number Increase
Percent Increase
1960
28,873*
7,419
34.6 %
1950
21,454
4,180
24.2
Wayne County, N. C.
Area 555 Square Miles
Population 1960
Population 1950
Percent Increase
Total Population
82,059
64,267
27.7 %
Total Urban Population
33,517
25,186
33.1
Total Rural Population
48,542
39,081
24.2
North Carolina, State
4,556,155
4,061,929
12.1
İ 1
1 1
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INTRODUCTION
Housing Units, Goldsboro, N. C.
Goldsboro
8,713 5,945 46.5
* These figures do not include a population of 4,500 in 1500 Capehart Hous- ing units at Seymour Johnson Air Force Base adjacent to the city limits. When these figures are added to the above final U. S. Census figures, the population of Goldsboro increases to 33,373 and the housing units to 10,213.
Streets and Roads, Goldsboro, Wayne County, N. C.
Total paved miles in Wayne County. . 674
Total unpaved miles in Wayne County 276
Total miles in Wayne County . 950
Total paved miles in Goldsboro 49.82
Total unpaved street miles in Goldsboro 43.59
Total street miles in Goldsboro. 93.41
Industry- The manufacture of lumber and wood products is the chief industry with iron and steel products second and textile yarn third. Tobacco stemming and redrying plants are important industries during the tobacco season. Other industries include the manufacture of building blocks, electric lamp wires, bread and other food products, monuments, fertilizer, hides, insecticides, meat packing and oil and grain mills.
Employment in Goldsboro and Wayne County, N. C. (Total non-agricultural)
Manufacturing (66 industrial firms) 4,264 employees 1958 covered employment (4 or more non-agricultural
workers) not including mfg. emp. (423 firms). 4,863 = less than four. 2,131 =
Other non-agricultural employment in firms with
Total non-agricultural employment in Wayne County . 11,258 TI
Wage Rates in Goldsboro and Wayne County, N. C.
Skilled workers. $1.50 to 2.50 per hour
= Semi-skilled workers 1.10 to 1.50 11
Unskilled workers 1.00 to 1.25 " 11
Unionization in Goldsboro and Wayne County, N. C.
The percentage of unionization in an area may be figured on either of two bases:
1. Total industrial employment 2. Total non-agricultural employment
Either basis shows Wayne County to have a LOW percentage of unionization. With 66 manufacturing firms employing 4,264 industrial workers, four plants here operate with union contracts. These four plants employ 657 workers of which 283 belong to unions.
Unionization, non-agricultural workers in U. S. 32.6 % N. C. Department of Commerce and Industry, Raleigh, N. C.
Unionization, non-agricultural workers in N. C. 8.3 % National Bureau of Economic Research and U. S. Department of Labor
Unionization industrial workers in Wayne County 6.6 % Unionization, non-agricultural workers in Wayne County. 2.5 %
Retail Trade-Goldsboro has the finest shopping facilities east of Raleigh. Its modern stores and shops offering quality merchandise and wide business streets with excellent parking facilities draw shoppers from miles around. Retail sales in 1959 totaled $46,330,000, 14th highest in the state.
Financial Institutions, Goldsboro, N. C.
INTRODUCTION
XIII
The financial institutions in Goldsboro consist of three State Banks, one Savings and Loan Association, and one Building and Loan Association, listed below:
First-Citizens Bank & Trust Company . Bruce Duke, Vice Pres. Branch Banking & Trust Company .C. F. Dees, Sr. Vice Pres. Wachovia Bank & Trust Company. Lawson Withers, Sr. Vice Pres.
Citizens Savings & Loan Association J. G. Campbell, Exec. Vice Pres.
Goldsboro Savings & Loan Association Murray Borden, Exec. Vice Pres. and Treas.
Name of Bank Total Resources Member of Federal Reserve System
First-Citizens Bank and Trust Company
$263,930,495 No
Branch Banking and Trust Company
120,411,029 No
Wachovia Bank and
Trust Company 806,205,634 Yes
These three banks represent the largest banking institutions in the state of North Carolina with resources of nearly $1,200,000,000. In addition to the a- bility and know-how of the local staffs of these banks, we have access to the many specialists employedby these banks. We can avail ourselves of special fi- nancial services which are only offered by institutions possessing substantial resources. Naturally the resources shown above are not generated in Golds- boro alone but include combined deposits and net worth of all of the offices of these various banking institutions. This is a definite advantage since available credit for new industry and commerce is not limited to funds generated in our local economy. A local borrower with a request justified by sound banking principles may borrow up to the maximum amount which any one of these banks is permitted by law to lend.
ONE OF MANY SMALL DIVERSIFIED MANUFACTURING PLANTS
Wholesale Trade-Goldsboro is rapidly becoming the distribution center for this area. It is the almost exact center of the Coastal Plains section of the state and its excellent rail and highway facilities make for easy transhipment to other cities and towns.
Wholesale sales were estimated at $50,000,000 during 1959.
Hotels-There are three hotels and four motor courts in Goldsboro provid- ing more than 300 rooms: The Hotel Goldsboro with 200 rooms and 200 baths, the Center Hotel, the Terminal Hotel, the El Rancho Motor Court, Goodson's Motel, Wayne Motel and Goldmount Motel.
There are numerous guest and boarding houses.
1
XIV
INTRODUCTION
DRUGS
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EAST WALNUT STREET
CITY HALL
Newspapers and Radio Stations-There are two newspapers: The Goldsboro News Argus, an afternoon daily with a circulation over 13,000 and the Golds- boro Record, a weekly with a circulation of 650.
There are four radio stations, WGBR, 1,000 watts; WEQR (FM), 40,000 radiated watts; WFMC, 1,000 watts and WGOL, 1,000 watts. The first two stations are affiliated with the American Broadcasting Company and the third with the Gold Leaf Broadcasting Company.
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INTRODUCTION
City Water Supply, Goldsboro, N. C. Municipally Owned
Source . Little River surface water.
Pumping Capacity . 3,024,000 gals. per 24 hours Reservoir Capacity 2,600,000 gals. per 24 hours Daily Consumption .. (per capita 88 gal). 2,500,000 gals. per 24 hours 50 1bs. per square inch
Average Pressure.
Treatment. River surface water treated floridated and filtered
Rates: Residential, Commercial and Industrial, Per Quarter
100 to 5,000 cu. ft. .30 per 100 cu. ft. 5,100 to 10,000 cu. ft. .26 per 100 cu. ft. 10,100 to 100,000 cu. ft. . . .20 per 100 cu. ft. 100,100 to 500,000 cu. ft. . ... .16 per 100 cu. ft.
500,100 to 800,000 cu. ft. . ... .14 per 100 cu. ft.
Above 800,100. cu. ft. .... .12 per 100 cu. ft.
Conversion, cubic feet to gallons divide by 7.418
Chemical Analysis (Parts per Million)
Silica (SiO2) 8.2 Lithium (Li). . . .0
Iron (Fe)
.00 Carbonate (CO3) . . . . 0.
Manganese (Mn) .02
Includes hardness of
Bicarbonate (HCO3). .. 17. all polyvalent cations reported
Calcium (Ca) 15.
Sulfate (SO4) 26.0
Magnesium (Mg) 1.4
Chloride (C1). 9.4
Sodium (Na) . 5.8
Fluoride (F) .0
Potassium (K)
1.0
Nitrate (NO2) .. 1.8
Aluminum (A1)
.1
Phosphate (PO4) . .
.5
Dissolved solids:
Sum 77
pH 6.6
Residue upon evapora-
tion @ 180 C . 81
Color 2.
Hardness as CaCO3 .. 42
Specific conductance -
In sol. when analyzed
(micromhos at 25 C) 120.
Noncarbonate ...... 28
Electric Power, Goldsboro and Wayne County, N. C.
Carolina Power & Light Company
Power Resources and Description of Company
Present Capability in KW. . 1,670,000 Under Construction. 240,000
Service area . 30,000 sq. mi. Customers 424,000
Plant Account in excess of.
$354,000,000
Company's local maintenance and service crews are adequate to provide ex- cellent service. Hundreds of maintenance and service men with necessary equipment, elsewhere on Company's System, may be drawn upon in case of emergency.
Availability of Power in City of Goldsboro, County of Wayne, N. C .: Through lines emanating from Company's 110 KV interconnected power resources, in- cluding thirteen interconnections with surrounding power companies, any rea- sonable quantity of power can be delivered as needed. Company should be con- sulted about accessibility of, and delivery dates to, specific sites.
Service Connection Policy: It is the policy of Carolina Power & Light Com- pany to install, at its expense, the necessary facilities (that is: line extension, substation structure, transformers, and metering equipment) to supply elec- tricity to industrial customers, provided the cost of these facilities is not disproportionate to the estimated annual revenue and the initial term of the contract for electric service.
XVI
INTRODUCTION
The Company will deliver to and meter service on the secondary bus at one standard mutually acceptable voltage. Where voltages other than the one a- greed to are required in the customer's plant, it is the customer's respons- ibility to provide transformation. Customer will also furnish and install con- ductors to its plant from the secondary bus, as well as all the necessary switches, protective devices and other equipment beyond point of delivery.
Cost of Power
Schedule Applied
Demand KW
Hours Used Per Mo.
KWH Per Mo.
G-2B Approx. Net Mo. Bill
100
(250
25,000
$ 330.00
(400
40,000
429.00
300
(250
75,000
940.00
(400
120,000
1,237.00
1,000
(250
250,000
3,075.00
(400
400,000
4,065.00
Commercial and Residential Electric Service, Goldsboro, N. C.
Lights, range and water heater service is available.
Total residential meters in Goldsboro. . 9,903
Total commercial-industrial meters in Goldsboro 1,756
Percentage of homes heated electrically. · 1.21 %
For residential meters a deposit based on two months service is required.
Bottled Gas - Liquified Propane
Bulk and bottled gas service is available from seven firms serving all of Goldsboro and Wayne County.
Town & Country Gas Co., Inc., with a 60,000-gallon plant storage capacity, quotes an industrial user delivered price as follows:
5,000 gallons per month. $ .15 gal.
10,000 gallons per month. .13 gal.
BTU content of gas . 2520
Fuel Oil - No. 6 Bunker "C"
Delivered price to Goldsboro per gallon $ .07356
BTU content per gallon (approximately) . 152,000
This will vary slightly with gravity of products
Coal
Best grade 1 1/4"x 1/4" Guyan industrial stoker coal, f.o.b. Stowe, West Virginia, per ton. . .. $ 5.25
Freight rate (C & O originating railroad) to Goldsboro per ton . . 4.27
Volatile matter as received 34.72
BTU content as received. . 14,210
Natural Gas Supply, Goldsboro, N. C.
Natural Gas in Goldsboro is supplied by North Carolina Natural Gas Cor- poration which receives gas from Transcontinental Gas Pipeline Corporation. Goldsboro is served by a high-pressure lateral from the pipeline. System pipeline capacity is 70,000 to 75,000 MCF per day.
Service Connection Policy: Large Industrial User (December, 1959)
Company provides measurement and regulatory equipment. Extension of mains is provided except in cases where distances are out of line with ex- pected revenues. Company should be consulted about accessibility of, and delivery dates to, specific sites.
Cost of Natural Gas: Large Industrial User
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INTRODUCTION
1050 to 1060 BTU per cubic foot actual content. (Gravity appro. 0.60) 50 MCF per day or more contract daily demand. $1,800.00 minimum annual bill.
Maximum Daily Requirement
Equivalent Full Load Days Per Month
MCF Per Month
Monthly Bill Firm Gas $
Monthly Bill Interruptible $
150 MCF
12
1,800
1,940.50
1,090.00
20
3,000
2,540.50
1,690.00
500 MCF
12
6,000
5,945.00
3,110.00
20
10,000
7,705.00
4,870.00
1,000 MCF
12
12,000
11,420.00
5,750.00
20
20,000
14,940.00
9,270.00
Any proportion of maximum daily requirement may be firm or interruptible, from all firm to all interruptible.
General Service Rate
Residential, Firm Commercial and Small Industrial Rate
First
200 cu. ft. per month, or less . $1.50
Next
800 cu. ft. per month, per Ccf.
.26
Next
2,000 cu. ft. per month, per Ccf.
.22
Next
22,000 cu. ft. per month, per Ccf.
.13
Next
75,000 cu. ft. per month, per Ccf.
.12
All Over 100,000 cu. ft. per month, per Ccf.
.11
When customer uses gas for air-conditioning in the summer, all gas over 3,000 cu. ft. per month on the five bills between May 15 and October 16. shall be billed for at 7.5¢ per Ccf. Minimum bill per month $1.50.
Total Residential Gas Meters in Goldsboro. 1,280
Total Commercial-Industrial Gas Meters in Goldsboro .. 185
Percentage of homes heated by gas in Goldsboro. 77 %
Communications- Telephone service is provided by Southern Bell Tele- phone and Telegraph Company with over 17,000 telephones now in use. New industries moving to Goldsboro may be assured that their telephone needs will be adequately filled.
Telegraph- The Goldsboro office of the Western Union Telegraph company has direct duplex reperforator circuits to Richmond, Virginia, relay office, one of the largest new reperforator switching relays.
Mail-There are 10 arrivals and 10 dispatches of mail daily providing ex- cellent mail service. Postal receipts in 1959 total $416,687.08.
Agriculture-Goldsboro is the center of one of the great agricultural areas of the United States with Wayne County ranking seventh in total value of North Carolina's eleven principal crops. The value of these crops amounted to $31,- 000,000.
Tobacco is the principal cash crop and more than 50 percent of the fluecured tobacco grown in North Carolina is found within a 60 mile radius of the city. Second in importance is corn followed by cotton, Irish and sweet potatoes, green beans, wheat and soy beans.
Beef and dairy cattle, hogs and poultry production are becoming an increas- ing source of revenue to the farmers. Livestock production accounted for $7,- 000,000 in 1961.
Within the county is a large tobacco market, two cotton markets, three live- stock markets, two produce markets, five hog buying stations and approximate- ly thirty corn buying points.
Municipal Features
Government, Goldsboro, N. C.
The municipal affairs of the City of Goldsboro are administered by a Mayor and a board of five aldermen. The city manager is appointed by the Board of Aldermen. The Mayor and Aldermen are elected biennially.
XVIII
INTRODUCTION
City Officials: City Hall, 214 North Center Street, Goldsboro, N, C.
Board of Aldermen Hon. Scott B. Berkeley, Chairman
Board of Education. Lloyd M. Fonvielle
Building Inspector Jimmy Grimes
Clerk & Treasurer . Ralph G. Jones Department of Education, Industrial Education Center . Ken Marshall
Superintendent of Schools . N. H. Shope
Engineer . E. Griffith Porter
Fire Department C. Wesley Howell, Chief
City Manager L. Page Benton, Jr.
Mayor . Hon. Scott B. Berkeley
Police Court. Hon. Scott B. Berkeley, Judge
Police Department Haywood A. Lane, Chief
Street Department . Elmer L. Simmons, Superintendent
Tax Department Frank M. Hauser, Jr., Tax Collector
Water Department. . Kermit N. Massey, Superintendent
Wayne County is governed by a five- man Board of Commissioners, also elected biennially.
Fire Protection, Goldsboro, N. C.
1960-61 Budget: $175,270.00 Fire Protection Cost Per Person: $5.63
Chief and 44 firemen Staff:
Equipment : 8 pumping units; 1 hook & ladder; one 85-foot aerial truck
Rescue squad: 3 units NBFU rating: Grade 4 - Class A
Special training: All men must undergo training in firefighting, rescue procedure and disaster training.
Fire Inspections: The Bureau of Fire Prevention makes quarterly inspec- tions of all commercial and industrial buildings, as well as all schools, hos- pitals, public buildings, and assembly halls. Private homes are inspected on request.
Industrial properties are afforded full protection. Also, the Goldsboro Fire Department encourages and assists industry in organizing and training company fire brigades.
Loss Record
Property at Risk
Damage to Property
1958
$11,990,150
$231,561
1959
12,618,550 39,900
Rural Volunteer Fire Departments, Wayne County, N. C.
Wayne County has the largest county fire fighting system in the State. Twenty-one companies, all approved by the North Carolina Fire Insurance Rating Bureau, give the county almost 100 % fire protection coverage. Al- though the experience of the entire State is used in determining overall rate level adjustments, other factors, including improvement in fire protection, are used in determining individual rates. Wayne County's improvement is reflected in a consistent downward trend in rates.
Staff: Fire marshall and 526 men Equipment: 23 trucks, all radio equipped; 12-500 gallon pumps; 9-300 gallon pumps; and 1-200 gallon pump.
Special Training: In order to maintain his membership, each volunteer fireman must take, and pass, a fire fighting course put on by the State In- surance Commission. The course includes such subjects as how to enter a burning building, how water should be applied to various types of fires, how to use different types of fire fighting equipment and how to use ventilation of a building to help extinguish a fire.
Police Protection, Goldsboro, N. C.
Budget $170,938.00 Cost per person. $5.81
Staff: Chief and 38 men Equipment: 6 patrol cars with 2-way radio 4 motorcycles with 2-way radio radar and crime labo- ratory
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INTRODUCTION
Special Training
In addition to F. B. I. training, the police department sends men regularly to the University of North Carolina for courses in FORENSIC SCIENCE & LAB- ORATORY TECHNIQUES in the following subjects: fingerprinting, photo- graphy and laboratory, firearms, crime chemistry, crime reconstruction, and scientific methods of investigation.
Night Patrol
Regular police cars patrol covering all residential and industrial properties within the city limits from dusk to dawn daily.
Sheriff's Department, Wayne County, N. C.
Budget. $42,967.00 Cost per person. €A .52 Staff: Sheriff, 6 full time deputies, 2 part time deputies and one clerk. Equipment: 6 patrol cars, 2 equipped with radios; fingerprinting and photo- graphy laboratory.
Special Training
In addition to training in Jail Management, the staff has rated high in the following subjects: criminal investigation, arson investigation, arson and other unlawful burnings, and aircraft crashes and rescue.
Memberships: National Jail Association; National Sheriff's Association; and Civil Defense Association.
State Highway Patrol, North Carolina
The North Carolina State Highway Patrol has been voted "Best traffic law enforcement agency in the United States for the years 1957, 1958, 1959 & 1960."
Motor Vehicle registration, Wayne County, N. C.
1950 18,060 1959
24,917
Health Department -- Health activities are handled by the Wayne County Board of Health. It is responsible for the control of communicable disease, venereal disease and tuberculosis; it provides care of pre-school and school children through immunization and health examinations; it supervises food handling es- tablishments, water supplies and rodent and insect control and maintains vital statistics and health records.
Welfare Department-The Wayne County Department of Public Welfare administers aid to dependent children, the indigent poor, the blind and those totally and permanently disabled. In addition, the Department arranges adop- tions, obtains hospital care for crippled children and mentally deficient per- sons, et cetera.
Medical Facilities, Wayne County, N. C.
Wayne County Medical Society 1/
There are 42 physicians in private practice in Wayne County:
General Practice.
19
Internal Medicine
3
EENT
2
Eye, only.
1 Urology
Dermatology
Radiology
2 1 2 OB-GYN 3 OB Pediatrics
1
2
General Surgery 5 Pathology 1 TOTAL 42
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INTRODUCTION
Wayne Dental Society 2/
Members practicing in Wayne County.
16
Hospital Facilities, Wayne County, N. C. (Public)
Rooms
Beds
Bassients
Phys. Surg.
Reg. Nurses
Nurses Aides
Wayne County Mem.
Hosp. . .
123
222
38
33
117
13 3/
Mt. Olive Clinic
5
12
6
1
1
0
Crumpler Clinic
3
6
6
1
2
2
TOTAL
131
240
50
35
120
15
Note: Wayne County Memorial Hospital accredited by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Hospitals.
Ambulance Service
Four ambulance firms adequately staffed and equipped maintain 24- hour service covering all of Wayne County.
Druggists
Number of druggists in Wayne County. . . 18 4/
Sources: 1/ Dr. Harold Wolfe, Pres., Wayne County Medical Society 2/ Dr. James L. Cox, Pres., Wayne County Dental Society 3 / Mr. Grey Herring, Administrator 4/ Mr. Luther Bunch, President, Wayne County Pharmacists Society
The State of North Carolina operates the State Hospital for Negro Insane near Goldsboro and cares for 3,300 patients. The Goldsboro Training School, completed in 1957 at a cost of 52 million dollars, cares for mentally retarded Negro children.
Goldsboro is the site of the Eastern N. C. Branch of the N. C. Orthopedic Hospital with a monthly clinic for orthopedic patients at the Wayne County Public Health Center
Library- The Goldsboro Public Library and the Goldsboro Colored Public Library have 26,500 volumes. A bookmobile serves the rural areas.
Public Schools, North Carolina
North Carolina provides a basic, state-supported 9- months public school term.
Over two-thirds of all general fund taxes collected by the State are used for education. Attendance is compulsory for children between the ages of 7 and 16.
Public School Figures 1959-60
Goldsboro
Fremont
Wayne County
Total
Per Cent of County Enrollment. . .
37.0 %
2.8 %
60.0 %
100 %
Grade Schools
Number of schools
11
2
16
29
Number of teachers
280
16
274
570
Number of students
4,062
471
9,542
14,075
Students per teacher
14.5
29.3
34.8
26.2
High Schools Jr. & Sr.
Number of schools
4
1
12
17
Number of teachers
145
6
115
266
Number of students
3,422
100
2,598
6,120
Students per teacher
23.5
16.6
22.6
20.9
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INTRODUCTION
High School Graduates 355
17 469
841
Per Cent Graduates who enter
college
52 %
82 %
28 %
1960-61 H. S. students enrolled in:
Science, General.
597
31
740
1,368
Biology . .
600
34
641
1,275
Math, Gen., Alge. & Geometry. 1,266
47
1,679
2,992
Chemistry
187
5
170
362
Physics.
56
7
143
206
Source: Dr. N. H. Shope, superintendent, Goldsboro City Schools 1/15/61 Mr. R. S. Proctor, Superintendent, Wayne County Schools 1/15/61 Mr. S. J. Cole, Superintendent, Fremont City Schools 1/15/61
Parochial - St. Mary's School, Goldsboro, N. C.
Grade School - Kindergarten through 8th Grade.
Number of teachers. 9
Number of students 440
Source: Sister M. Nora, Immaculate Heart of Mary
Revised 1/15/61
ONE OF GOLDSBORO'S MANY BEAUTIFUL CHURCHES
Churches-There are more than fifty churches in Goldsboro representing practically every religious faith: Baptist, Christian, Episcopal, Jewish, Latter Day Saints, Methodist, Evangelical, Pentecostal, Presbyterian, Lutheran, Roman Catholic, et cetera.
Civic Organizations- Service clubs include Kiwanis, Optimist, Lions, Rotary, Civitans and Junior Chamber of Commerce.
Veterans Organizations are the American Legion, 40 and 8, Veterans of Foreign Wars and Disabled American Veterans.
Other organizations include the Goldsboro Chamber of Commerce, the Goldsboro Woman's Club, Business and Professional Women's Club, the Amer- ican Legion Auxiliary, several parent-teacher associations, the Community Concert Association, a unit of the North Carolina Symphony Society, Wayne Ministerial Association, Wayne Medical Society, American Red Cross and the Community Chest.
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INTRODUCTION
Lodges and fraternal organizations include the Elks, Masons, Odd Fellows, Woodmen of the World, Moose, Pythians and Shriners.
EIGHTEEN HOLE GOLF COURSE
Recreation- Recreation for the youth of Goldsboro centers around the Wayne County Memorial Community Building. The building has an indoor pool, gym- nasium, banquet room, several meeting rooms and provides office space for the Boy and Girl Scouts, Red Cross and United Fund. A recreation field, one and one-half miles from the building has baseball and softball diamonds, foot- ball field and an outdoor basketball court. The Boys Club, with a full time director, recently purchased a spacious residential home, and carries out a well-rounded recreational program for its many members.
The city of Goldsboro has a recreation commission with five members. The Colored Community Center has a large meeting hall and gymnasium combined, meeting rooms and a full time director.
Herman Park, 19 acres, has six tennis courts, playground equipment and amusement rides. In addition, three white and three colored schools have play- grounds with equipment.
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