USA > Nebraska > Hall County > History of Hall County, Nebraska > Part 1
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see reprint with new week IWD (Hallco) 90-4800
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IWD (Hall Co.) Buchler
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HISTORY OF HALL COUNTY NEBRASKA
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HISTORY OF HALL COUNTY NEBRASKA
A NARRATIVE OF THE PAST, WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS UPON THE PIONEER PERIOD OF THE COUNTY'S HISTORY, AND CHRONOLOGICAL PRESENTA- TION OF ITS SOCIAL, COMMERCIAL, EDUCATIONAL, RELIGIOUS, AND CIVIC DEVELOPMENT FROM THE EARLY DAYS TO THE PRESENT TIME, AND SPECIAL ANALYSIS OF ITS MILITARY AND CIVIL PARTICIPATION IN THE LATE WORLD WAR
BY A. F. BUECHLER AND R. J. BARR 1 EDITORS-IN-CHIEF
DALE P. STOUGH ASSOCIATE COMPILING EDITOR
ADVISORY EDITORIAL BOARD JUDGE BAYARD H. PAINE, C. H. MENCK, R. R. HORTH, J. L. CLEARY, S. N. WOLBACH, Grand Island; DAVID D. O'KANE, Wood River; WM. THOMSSEN, Alda; GEO. W. WINGERT, Cairo; W. E. MARTIN, Doniphan
AND NUMEROUS CONTRIBUTORS .
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LINCOLN NEBRASKA WESTERN PUBLISHING AND ENGRAVING COMPANY 1920
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THE NEW YORK PUBLIC LIBRARY 140644B
ASTOR, LENOX AND TILDEN FOUNDATIONS 1941 L
COPYRIGHT. 1920 BY WESTERN PUBLISHING AND ENGRAVING COMPANY ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
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THE TORCH PRESS LINCOLN. NEBRASKA AND . CEDAR RAPIDS. IOWA .
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DEDICATED 1857 - 1920
This work is respectfully and appreciatively dedicated jointly :
I To those thirty-five courageous colonists who ventured forth from Davenport, Iowa, in 1857, in search of a home, and from all this boundless, un- settled, and wild prairie between Columbus, Nebraska, and the Rocky Mountains, chose the banks of the Platte within the present confines of this county, and by their steadfast persistence and labor called in being
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HALL COUNTY, NEBRASKA
II To Hall County's heroic sons who entered the service of our country, in the recent World War, and made the supreme sacrifice in defense of their coun- try's right and in the sacred cause of liberty and freedom
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PREFACE
This volume is divided into historical and biographical matter. For the former the editors are responsible, but for the latter the responsibility of the editors is limited to such few short biographical paragraphs as appear in the text of various chapters - the remainder having been prepared under the su- pervision of the publishers, The Western Publishing and Engraving Company of Lincoln, Nebraska, by their staff of expert writers along that line of matter.
The aim of the editors in preparing the text of this book has been to achieve both fidelity to facts and all possible comprehensiveness in gathering historical facts as to each distinct subject taken up. It is not claimed, however, that all has been set down that should have been written for a work of this character, nor that the narrative on every point is as complete in every instance as could be desired. With over two dozen separate phases of the life of the community to consider, and the limitations of space for each subject to be met, as well as the limitations of time governing the preparation, it has been necessary to ex- clude much material that the editors would gladly have included. Fortunately much of the history of Hall County was preserved first-hand in historical edi- tions of the early newspapers and in past historical researches. But even then, much valuable historical matter has been lost because it was not recorded in writing while the original pioneers were with us to narrate it personally. But much more has been preserved because this work was undertaken even at this late hour, instead of being delayed a few years longer. Whatever faults the critical may discover in the following pages, this much can truthfully be said of this history -it constitutes an earnest effort to give both the subscribers and the public a readable and reliable history of Hall County, something that has not hitherto been attempted on a scale as extensive as this effort has produced.
This history is not the work of any one man, or exclusively the product of the pens of the undersigned editors, Mr Buechler and Mr. Barr, and their as- sociate, Mr. Stough. The editors not only desire to acknowledge their indebt- edness to some of those mentioned hereafter, who have rendered most valuable assistance in the preparation of this history, but they take pleasure in acknowl- edging the authorship of many parts of the text to those to whom such credit deservedly belongs.
Particularly do we wish to acknowledge our indebtedness to Mrs. Clarence S. Paine, librarian of the State Historical Society, Lincoln, Nebraska, and to the other officers of that society, for material kindly furnished to us; to J. E.
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PREFACE
Lyle, county clerk, and his deputy, R. A. Odum; Richard Buenz, register of deeds; Walter H. Rauert, clerk of the district court; Gus E. Neumann, county treasurer ; John Allan; City Clerk Henry E. Clifford; County Agent J. R. White; S. E. Sinke, secretary of the school board; I. R. Morearty, city engineer ; H. H. Long, secretary of the Central Labor Union; Ira T. Paine; Rev. L. A. Arthur; Rev. R. R. Coon; Judge Bayard H. Paine; J. Lechinscky; and numerous contributors of Grand Island; W. J. Burger and City Clerk H. E. Clar- no, of Doniphan; John Thomssen, John Mclellan, and J. W. Modesitt, of Alda; Geo. W. Wingert and G. H. Vant, of Cairo; O. M. Quackenbush; Mrs. James Jackson, Chas. E. Towne, and John Hoye, of Wood River; Rev. J. M. Bates, of Red Cloud, Neb .; Chief Justice Andrew M. Morrissey, of the Nebras- ka supreme court, Lincoln, Neb .; W. W. Haskell, of Ord., Neb .; and to all of the editorial advisory board.
Furthermore, most valuable assistance has been rendered by permission to use sketches and articles prepared by those who contributed to the Semi-Centen- nial edition of the Grand Island Independent, June 29, 1907, notably the histor- ical articles prepared at that time by Fred Hedde, Christian Menck, Wm. Stol- ley, Mr. and Mrs. John Thomssen, Aug. Schernekau, while they were still with us; also by reference to historical researches recorded by Prof. M. A. Lesson, Dr. J. P. Patterson, H .H. Foght, Gen. G. M. Dodge, and the authorities of the Federal Government.
A. F. BUECHLER R. J. BARR DALE P. STOUGH
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CONTENTS
CHAPTER I - HALL COUNTY, NEBRASKA, PRIOR TO 1858
Purport of County History - Discoveries Affecting Hall County - Territorial Rule - Lewis and Clark Expedition - The Astorian Expedition - Long's Expedition in 1819- Fremont's Description of Grand Island - Initial Steps in Formation of Ne- braska - Territorial Government Prior to 1858
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CHAPTER II - SETTLEMENT OF HALL COUNTY
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Naming and Settling the County - Fred Hedde's Narrative - The Origin of the Idea - The Colony Starts in 1857 - Nebraska's Few Iinhabitants - The Platte Valley, Fremont, and Columbus - Grand Island Settlement - The Colony on Half Rations - The First Winter - A Second Colony - The Failure of the Davenport Company - "Pike's Peakers"- Extensions of Settlement - Wood River's Settlers - Mormon Way Station - Indian Scare of 1864-The Grasshopper Years - When the Union Pacific Came - Grand Island City - Returning Prosperity - The Remaining Pio- neers - An Early Hall County Bridal Couple, by Christian Menck - 1857-1869 - The Dream of Future National Capital, by William Stolley - Organizing the Colony of 1857 - Terms of Expedition - Personnel of Colony-The Advance Party-Decide to Build - Second Colony - Market for Corn - Davenport Company Fails - Some of the First Things - Hunting in 1860 - Interruption of a Prayer - Garrisons Called Away - First 'Massacre by Indians -Panicky Feeling Results - "Fort Independ- ence" - The Settlement Protected - Some Pawnees Treacherous - Discover Enemy in Time- Goettsche-Frauen Massacre - Government Makes Survey - Contractors Take Timber - The Grasshopper Scourge- Ask Congress for Help - Appears Before Garfield - Calls on Magnate (Jay Gould)
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CHAPTER III - INDIAN OCCUPATION AND LEGENDS .
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Early Redmen Occupants - The Pawnees - Treaties of Amity - The Decay of the Pawnees - The Sioux - The Outbreak of 1864 - Major Frank North and the Paw- nee Scouts - Local Indian History - Two Boys Pinned Together by Arrows - The Campbell Raid - Recollections of Fred Stolley - First Recollections - Took Our Dinner - The Sioux - Indian Boys' Sports - Puppy Dog Soup - White Man's Treatment of the Redman - "Nezarrazarries"- An Indian Love Story - A True Red Friend - Fort O. K .- Fort Independence - Goettsche-Frauen Massacre - Indians Journeying to the "Hunt"- An Indian Dance - Buffalo Hunt - The Endurance of a Papoose - Mirages - Indian Horsethieves - Depending on the Gun for Food - The Antelope - Feathered Game - The Indian Pipe
CHAPTER IV - OTHER PIONEERS - AND FIRST SETTLERS
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The Tread of Pioneers - Early Travel and Transportation -"Have You an Eye?"- The Oregon Trail - Its Effect on Hall County - The Overland Trail - The Fort Kearney and Nebraska City Road - The Decline of These Trails - The Stage Coaches - The Pony Express System - Land Highway and River Navigation - Then and Now - The Mormons - The Gold Hunters - Arrival of Permanent Set- tlers - The Cowboy Regime - The Mitchell-Ketchum and Oliver Tragedy - Life on the Plains Passes - The Early History of the Wood River Valley - Early Settle- ment - The First Postoffice - Old Wood River Station - Present Wood River Starts - Wood River Valley Settled - The "Jim Boyd" Ranch
CHAPTER V - REMINISCENCES AND NARRATIVES OF PIONEERS
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Details of the Anderson-Smith Massacre, by Mr. and Mrs. John Thomssen, Sr .- Her Quota Furnished, by A. Schernekau - Reminiscences of a Hall County Pioneer, by Norman Reese - Early Life - Arriving at Grand Island-Other Early Settlers in Wood River Valley - Our First Farming - Stage Routes - Squire Lamb's Route - During the Civil War - Indians Had Visited - Pressed into Service as Scout - Uncle Sam's Surveyors - Many Middle Men - The Right of Way - During the Last Days of Indian Occupation, by W. E. Martin, Doniphan, Nebraska - Settlement Here - An Early Serviceable Well -Our Early Neighbors - Indian Visitors - Indians' Outfit and Customs - Let the Women do the Work - The Indians' Camp - Their Evening Meal and Menu - Preparing Clothing and Meats - A Broken Axle Axle Dogle Digitized by
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Samuel Clay Bassett - A Few Glimpses of Early Life in Hall County - William (Jack) Anderson Settlement - Goes into Business - The Storm of 1873 - The Cow- boy Regime - Three Years at Sidney - A Freighting Experience - Grand Island in Early 'Eighties - Early Horse Race- Other Early Recollections - A Rattlesnake on Locust Street
CHAPTER VI -THE CITY OF GRAND ISLAND ·
First Buildings - Organization of the Town - Action taken by Commissioners · Town Officials of 1872-1919 - Property Belonging to City - Parks - Amusement Parks - The Fire Department - Paving - Sewers - Lighting Plants - Municipal Light and Water Plant - Sources of Taxation and Revenue - Grand Island's Tax Rate - The Public Library
CHAPTER VII - OTHER TOWNS OF HALL COUNTY
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CHAPTER VIII - THE TOWNSHIPS OF HALL COUNTY
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The Early History of South Side of Platte River, by W. J. Burger - Arrival - First Visits of Indians - The Buffalo - Early Settlement around Doniphan - Storms, Grasshoppers, and Troubles - Early Community Activities - To the Second Genera- tion - Martin Township, by Stephen B. Binfield - Early Landholders South of Platte River - Doniphan Township - Washington Township - South Platte Township - Martin Township - Jackson-Wood River Townships - Patrick Moore - John Maher - Other First Settlers - Early Landholders in Jackson Township - Wood River Township - Cameron Township, by Edwin S. Lee - Early Landholders - Harrison Township - Mayfield Township, by R. C. Perkins - Landholders of Mayfield and South Loup Townships - Prairie Creek Township -Mat Rauert, by Eli A. Barnes - Center Township - Early Landholders - Alda Township - Claud Stoltenberg -Z. H. Denman - Early Landholders - Washington Township - Early Landholders - Lake Township, by Wm. Guenther - Early Landholders - Township Government - First Division - Formation of Various Townships - Present Township Officers
CHAPTER IX - ORGANIZATION AND GOVERNMENT OF THE COUNTY
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Establishment of the County - Book "A", Commissioners Records - Early Proceed- ings of the Board - Platte River Bridge - Building a Court House - Proceedings from 1873 - Township Organization - Subsequent County Boards - New Court House - County Clerks -Clerks of District Court - Sheriffs - County Judges - Superin- tendent of Schools - Supervisors - Coroners - County Attorneys - Volume of Work in County Offices Now - Report of County Attorney's Office - Tax Levy for 1919 - Fiftieth Semi-Centennial Celebration 1907
CHAPTER X - HALL COUNTY'S PART IN STATE AND FEDERAL GOVERNMENT Hall County's Part in Early State Government - Sixth Legislature -Judge Augustus Hall - First Statehood Election - Representation in State Senate - Members in House of Representatives - Constitutional Conventions-Constitutional Conventions of '71-'75, by O. A. Abbott, Sr .- Governor John M. Thayer - Lieutenant Governor O. A. Abbott, Sr. - State Treasurer Henry A. Koenig - State Auditors John Wal- lichs and Silas R. Barton - Secretaries of State - Supreme Court Justice Harrison - Commissioner Glanville - The State Soldiers' and Sailors' Home - Part in the Federal Government - Postmasters- Grand Island Land Office - Other Federal Officers
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CHAPTER XI - THE FLORA, FAUNA, AND NATURAL HISTORY OF HALL COUNTY Elevations - The Fauna of Hall County - The Grasshoppers - The Flora of Hall County, by J. M. Bates - Climate of Hall County - Bad Storms - Easter Storm of 1873, by Judge Charles B. Letton - Another Decade-and-half of Storms - Blizzard of 1888, by Minnie Freeman Penney - Storm of March, 1913 - Cyclone of August 12, 1919
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Wood River - First Wood River - Early History of Village of Wood River, by O. M. Quackenbush - Settlement of Town - Officers of Town - Early Builders of Wood River - James Jackson - Henry O. Gifford - O. W. Eaton - N. T. Brittin Richard Mankin - W. L. G. Trapp - S. MacMurray - Patrick Hoye-Wm. and Fred Thorpe - W. L. Sprague - Ewing Family - James Ewing -O. M. Quackenbush - First General Stores - W. W. Mitchell - S. A. Sheppard - Hardware and Imple- ment Stores - Drug Stores - Early Commercial Interests, 1879 - Five Years Later, 1884 - Another Five Years, 1880 - Ten Years Later, 1899 - Ten Years Later, 1909 - Another Ten Years, 1919 - Doniphan - Town Started - Early Events in Community - Doniphan's Big Fire, 1887 - Incorporation of Town - Succeeding Town Trustees - Commercial Changes - Cairo - First Settlement - Town Government - Village Clerks, Treasurers, Marshals - Business Houses - Business Directory, 1907 - Business Directory, 1919 - North & Robinson Co .- Alda - Abbott - Schauppsville - Under- wood - Spencer - Orchard - Easton - Runnelsburg
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CHAPTER XII - THE TOPOGRAPHY AND SOIL OF HALL COUNTY
. Description of the Area - Natural Transportation .Advantages - Soils - Hall Silt Loam - Hall Very Fine Sandy Loam - Hall Fine Sandy Loam - Hall Sandy Loam - Hall Clay Loam - Cass Series of Soils - Grundy Soils - Marshall Loans - Colby Series - Valentine Sand -O'Neill Sands - O'Neill Loam - Lamoure Loams - Gan- nett Soils - Summary of Classes of Soils-Rapid Rise in Values in 1919
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CHAPTER XIII - AGRICULTURAL AND LIVE STOCK INDUSTRIES
When the County was Twenty-one Years Old - Growth in Acreage Cultivated - Introduction of Alfalfa into Nebraska - Surplus Crops Shipped Out, 1917 - Early Agricultural Organizations - The Grange Movement - Live Stock and Dairying - Organization - Expedition of 1876- Hall County Agricultural Society - State Fair Proposition - Association Reorganized - The Beet Sugar Industry - Hall County Farm Bureau - Farmers' Unions - Elevator Enterprises
CHAPTER XIV - INDUSTRIAL HISTORY OF HALL COUNTY
First Industries - Steam Power - Milling Industry - Grand Island Canning Fac- tory - Grand Island Brewery - Beet Sugar Factory - Grand Island Creameries - Granite Works - Building Materials - Grand Island Iron Foundry and Fence Fac- tory - Broom Factory - Bottling Works - Furniture Factory - Planing Mills - Hurst Sash & Door Co. - Cigar Factories- Steam Laundries - Culvert and Metal Works - Hide Industry - Serum Co. - Floral Industry - Printing and Calendars - Nebraska Telephone Co. - The Stock Yards - Loup Valley Packing Co - Grand Island Horse, Mule and Cattle Market - Growth of Market - Firms and Dealers on Market - Wholesale Houses - Minton-Woodward Co. - Donald Co. - Dolan Fruit Co. - Brown Fruit Co. - Nebraska Mercantile Co. - Etting Candy Co. - Moving Picture Industry - Local Picture Theatres - The Automobile Industry - Growth of Automobiles, Trucks and Tractors in Importance, by V. E. Evans - Bicycle Industry - Grand Island Aero Industry
CHAPTER XV - COMMERCIAL HISTORY OF GRAND ISLAND
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Commercial Beginnings of Grand Island - Stores in 1873 - Business Leaders of First Decade - Businessmen of 1876 - During the Next Ten Years (1876-1886) - During the Last Thirty-two Years -The Hotels - Restaurants - Confectioneries - Saloons Barber Shops - Livery, Feed and Sale Stables - Blacksmith Shops - Agricultural Implements - Elevators - Flour and Feed - Lumber and Coal -Coal - Grocery Stores - Meat Markets - Bakeries - Ice Dealers - Dry Goods and Shoes - Wol- bach Stores - Shoe Stores - Clothing Business - Millinery Stocks - Drug Stores - Book. Stores - Jewelry Stores - Furniture and Undertaking - Wall Paper Stocks - Hardware Stores - Other Stores - Commercial Organizations - Hall County Im- migration Society - The Merchants Club - The Board of Trade - The Business Men's Club -- The Commercial Club
CHAPTER XVI - BANKING AND FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS OF HALL COUNTY . State Central - Citizens State Bank - Grand Island Banking Company - Charles F. Bentley - George B. Bell-The First National Bank (Grand Island) - The Bank of Commerce - The Security National Bank - The Commercial State Bank - State Bank of Grand Island - Nebraska State Bank - People's State Bank - Bank of Don- iphan - Commercial Exchange Bank of Doniphan - Alda State Bank - Farmers State Bank, Alda - Cairo State Bank - Farmers State Bank (Cairo) - Building and Loan Associations - Equitable - People's - Wood River - Other Financial Institu- tions - Trust Companies - Grand Island - Nebraska
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CHAPTER XVII - THE RAILROADS OF HALL COUNTY
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Importance of the Railroads - "How we Built the Union Pacific," by General Gren- ville M. Dodge - "What the Engines Said," by Bret Harte - Early Service and Tar- iffs - Local Management of Union Pacific - Superintendents - Trainmasters - Me- chanical Departments - Master Mechanics - District Foremen - Train and Engine- men in Service Over Twenty Years - Station Agents - St. Joseph and Grand Island Railroad - Union Pacific Branches - The Burlington Railroad
CHAPTER XVIII - THE CHURCHES OF HALL COUNTY
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The Catholic Church - Wood River - Grand Island - Other Parishes - Grand Is- land Diocese - Protestant Episcopal Church - St. Stephen's Parish, Grand Island - Historical Letters by R. C. Jordon and Dr. H. D. Boyden - Methodist Churches - First, Grand Island - Trinity, Grand Island - Doniphan - Others - Lutheran Churches - Evangelical Lutheran Trinity - German St. Paul's Evangelical Lutheran, Grand Island - St. Paul's English, Grand Island - Fifth Street Evangelical - Ev- angelical Lutheran Zion's (Worms Church)- Free Evangelical Lutheran - Pilgrim Congregational, Grand Island - Baptist Churches - First, Grand Island - Immanuel,
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Grand Island - Others - Presbyterian, Grand Island - Wood River - Congregational Church, Grand Island - United Brethren Society - Christian Church Other Churches in Hall County
CHAPTER XIX - THE SCHOOLS OF HALL COUNTY
The First School, by Fred Stolley - County Superintendents - District Number One - District Number Four (J. M. Hanssen) - District Number Two, Grand Island - Extended Facilities in the 'Eighties - School Census of 1872 - Gradual Growth - School Board, Grand Island - District No. 26, Doniphan - District No. 8, Wood River - Schools of Wood River - District No. 12, Alda - District No. 72, Cairo - District No. 80 - District No. 101 - Directory of Present School Officers of County - Grand Island Business and Normal College - Grand Island College - Parochial Schools - Increasing Cost of Public School Education
CHAPTER XX - FRATERNAL AND SOCIAL ORGANIZATIONS OF HALL COUNTY 368
Lodges of the County - Masonic Lodges - Ashlar Chapter No. 33, Grand Island - Deuel Chapter No. 11, R. A. M .- Mt. Lebanon Commandery, No. 6, K. T .- Ma- sonic Building Association - Cement Lodge No. 211, Wood River - I. O. O. F .- Grand Island Lodge No. 22 - Wood River Lodge, 158, by W. L. Sprague - Cham- berlain Encampment 34 - Truth Rebekah (Mrs. Luella B. Nelson) - Wood River Rebekah 287 - Knights of Pythias - Nysian Lodge 46 - Ancient Order of United Workmen - Grand Lodge - Harmony Lodge 37 - Charity Lodge 91 - Other A. O. U. W. Lodges - Degree of Honor - Knights of Columbus - Elks - Eagles - Moose - Royal Highlanders - M. B. A .- Maccabees - Modern Woodmen of America - Woodmen of the World - Bands - Athletic Organizations - Lodges in the 'Sev- enties - Organizations in the 'Eighties - In the Last Quarter Century - Wheel Clubs -Liederkranz - Plattsdeutche Verein - Country Clubs -Wood River's Lodges - Don- iphan's Lodges - St. Cecelia Society -T. P. A .- U. C. T .- Ladies Auxiliary B. of R. T. - Y. M. C. A. - Y .. W. C. A.
CHAPTER XXI - ORGANIZED LABOR IN HALL COUNTY · 392
Knights of Labor in the Eighties - Railroad Organizations - Central Labor Union in Hall County - Official Union Roster - American Federation of Labor - Growth in Membership - Growth in Units - Official Roster
CHAPTER XXII - THE PRESS OF HALL COUNTY
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First Paper, The Banner - Platte Valley Independent - The Daily Independent - Grand Island Weekly Times - The Democrat - Grand Island Anzeiger and Herald - Central Nebraska Republican - The Free Press - Up to Date Ideas - The Volante - Miscellaneous Publications - Wood River, Doniphan and Cairo Papers
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