USA > Nebraska > History of Nebraska > Part 42
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RAILROADS .- The Atchison and Nebraska was completed through the County in 1871. It follows the valley of the Great Nemaha, a distance of 42.95 miles, in this County.
LANDS .- The price of wild land ranges from $5 to $12, and improved, $7 to $35 per acre.
POPULATION .- The following are the precincts and population of each in 1879: Arago, 799; Barada, 1,137; Falls City, 2,651; Franklin, 447; Grant, 739; Humboldt, 1,253; Liberty, 622; Muddy, 721; Nemaha, 546; Ohio, 855; Porter, 443; Rulo, 1,205; Salem, 807; Spicer, 644; St. Stephens, 464.
Total, 13,433,-males, 7,227, females, 6,206.
FALLS CITY,
The County Seat, is located in the southeastern part of the County, on the high ground overlooking the Nemaha Valley and about two miles north of the river. The County Seat was removed to this place from Salem, in 1860, by an Act of the Legislature. At the election held in the spring of 1860, upon the location of the County Seat, the contest between Falls City and Rulo was very spirited, two men being shot and killed at the former place on election day -Doctor Davis, of Rulo, and a Mr. Meeks, of Falls City. The Atchison and Nebraska Railroad was completed to Falls City on the 4th day of July, 1871, and to-day this is one of the best busi- ness centers and most prosperous towns on the line of that road. The population of the city is 2,200. It contains five handsome Churches, two parsonages, a $20,000 school house, an elegant Court House, substantial jail, two flouring mills, two banks, one pork pack- ing establishment, large grain elevators and stock yards, and a multitude of fine stores and minor places of business. The news- papers published here are the Globe-Journal, and the News, both able papers.
HUMBOLDT
Is the second largest town in the County, having at present a popu- lation of 1,000. It is located on the Atchison and Nebraska Rail- way, twenty-one miles west of Falls City, and is surrounded by a
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JOHNSON'S HISTORY OF NEBRASKA.
very fertile and beautiful country. Business of all kinds is well represented here. There are two grist mills, a bank, several dry goods and grocery stores, two drug and two hardware stores, two grain warehouses, two hotels, large lumber yards, and numerous other business enterprises. It has a fine graded school and excel- lent Church facilities. The Sentinel, a weekly newspaper, is pub- lished here. This town is only seven years old and already many elegant residences and fine business blocks of brick have been erected.
SALEM,
Situated at the confluence of the North and South Forks of the Great Nemaha, in the south-central part of the County, has a pop- ulation of 550. It is also a station on the A. & N. Railroad, seven miles west of Falls City, and is one of the best trading points in the County. It contains two elevators, a grist mill, several general assortment stores, one hardware, one drug, one agricultural imple- ment, and one furniture store, a good hotel, good school and Church advantages, etc., and a weekly paper, the Advertiser. Fine limestone quarries have been opened here.
RULO
Is a town of 800 inhabitants, situated on the banks of the Mis- souri, in the southeastern part of the County. The A. & N. runs a side-track up to the town, and a large amount of grain and stock is shipped from here. It contains a steam flouring mill, steam saw-mill, a bank, hotel, grain warehouse, stock yards, a briekyard, and several large mercantile establishments.
ARAGO,
Situated on the banks of the Missouri River, near the center of the County from north to south, has about 300 inhabitants. Busi- ness is represented by three general assortment stores, one hard- ware, one drug, and one implement store, a hotel, cooper-shop, blacksmith and wagon shop, and a pork-packing establishment.
DAWSON'S MILL
Is a village of 100 inhabitants, located on the Railroad, sixteen miles west of Falls City. It contains a Church, school house, flouring mill, grain elevator, hotel, two general assortment stores, a drug store, lumber yard, wagon and blacksmith shop, and two physicians.
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JOHNSON'S HISTORY OF NEBRASKA.
ARCHER, ST. STEPHEN, YANKTON, WINNEBAGO, and GENEVA, were flourishing villages in the early days of the County, but are now entirely abandoned.
BARRADA, WILLIAMSVILLE, ELMORE, MIDDLEBURGH, ATHENS, and FLOWERDALE, are villages having a Postoffice, general store, school house, etc.
The reservation of the Sacs and Foxes, and the Iowa Indians, is located in the southeast corner of this County, extending over into Kansas, and comprises a body of rich and beautiful land, well timbered. The Postoffice of NOHART is on this reservation.
RED WILLOW COUNTY.
Red Willow County was organized in May, 1873. It is lo- cated on the southwestern border of the State, bounded on the north by Frontier and east by Furnas, south by the State of Kan- sas, and west by Hitchcock County, and contains 720 square miles, or 460,800 acres.
WATER COURSES .- The County is watered by the Republican River, Beaver, Red Willow, and other large Creeks. The Repub- lican flows from west to east through the central portion of the County. Red Willow Creek, from which the County takes its name, is a fine stream about seventy-five miles long, which flows from the northwest, and empties into the Republican near the center of the County. The Beaver flows through the southern portion of the County, and is one of the largest tributaries of the Republican. Driftwood, Coon, Dry, and many smaller streams meander through the County. Water power is abundant.
TIMBER .- 25,170 forest trees are reported under cultivation. The streamns are generally well skirted with natural timber.
FRUIT .-- Wild fruits are abundant. A large number of fruit trees, embracing all the choice varieties of apple, peach, pear and plum, have been planted in the County within the past two years, and are reported as growing finely.
BUILDING STONE of an excellent quality is found in several localities. 34
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JOHNSON'S HISTORY OF NEBRASKA.
CHARACTER OF THE LAND .- Fifteen per cent. of the County is valley, and the balance rolling prairie, with bluffs along the Re- publican and other large streams. The Valley of the Republican is here from three to six miles wide. The Red Willow, Beaver and Driftwood, each have fine valleys varying in width from one to three miles. The blue-stem and gramma grasses abound on the bottoms, and the buffalo grass on the uplands and divides. The soil is fertile and easily tilled.
CROPS .- Area under cultivation in 1879, 2,990 acres. Winter wheat, 452 acres, 485 bushels; spring wheat, 331} acres, 4,814 bushels; rye, 3432 acres, 4,653 bushels; corn, 1,631 acres, 32,064 bushels; barley, seventy-three acres, 1,403 bushels; sorghum, 174 acres, 982 gallons; broom corn, 132 acres, two tons; potatoes, 172 acres, 1,132 bushels; onions, one-half acre, 114 bushels.
HISTORICAL .- The first actual settler in the County was John S. King, who took a claim on the Republican, near the east line of the County, in the fall of 1871.
On the 22d of November, 1871, various claims were staked out near the mouth of Red Willow Creek, and the town site of Red Willow located by a party of gentlemen representing a Town Company, which had been organized in Nebraska City that fall. This Company was regularly organized under the laws of the State, and had a President, Vice-President, Secretary, Treasurer and Board of Directors. An exploring party, consisting of Hon. Royal Buck, President of the Company; Latrop Ellis, Surveyor; and John Roberts, John F. Black, W. W. W. Jones, John Long- necker, L. R. Sitler, Wm. Byfield, Frank Usher, Wmn. Mckinney and J. M. Davis, left Nebraska City in the fore part of November, with two wagons loaded with provisions sufficient for a thirty-days' trip; and after a very trying journey over roads made almost im- passable by deep snows, they arrived at Red Willow Creek on the 22d of the same month, and went into camp in a grove near its mouth. One week was spent at this camp in selecting claims and locating the town site, which they named RED WILLOW, after the beautiful stream near by; and here also, on the 2Sth, was held the first religious meeting in the County. On the 29th, they broke camp, and retraced their steps to Nebraska City, where they arrived on the 10th of December following. On the 10th of January,
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JOHNSON'S HISTORY OF NEBRASKA.
1872, the town site was filed at the Land Office at Beatrice, and at the same time homestead entries were made by Messrs. Black, Longnecker. Jones, Byfield, Davis, and a Mrs. Shaw.
The first arrivals in the spring of 1872, were Messrs. Hunter, Hill, Korns, H. Madison, and W. Weygant and son, on the 29th of April. A few days later, L. H. Lawton and family, Mr. Young and family, Henry Burger, and several other single men, arrived. In May, quite a number of families came, viz: Royal Buck and family, Mrs. Shurvinton and family, Mrs. Shaw and family, and T. P. Thomas and family, who brought with him a fine herd of cattle.
Early in May, 1872, a Company of U. S. Cavalry and one of Infantry established a camp near Red Willow, and guarded the settlement until November following.
The first election for County Officers and the location of the County Seat, was held on the 27th of May, 1873, at the house of Willburn Morris, on section fifteen, township three, range twenty- eight, west. Sixty-three votes were polled, and the following offi- cers elected, viz: W. H. Burger, W. S. Fitch and W. B. Bradbury, Commissioners; G. A. Hunter, Sheriff; E. S. Hill, Probate Judge; I. J. Starbuck, County Clerk; J. E. Burger, Treasurer; P. F. Francis, Surveyor; Edward Lyon, County Superintendent.
At this election, Indianola received a majority of seven votes for the County Seat, over Red Willow. The latter, however, con- tested the election on the ground of fraud, claiming that a number of votes greater than the majority, had been cast for Indianola, by men not citizens of the County. A long and tedious litigation followed, which ended in the final triumph of Indianola.
The first Postoffice in the County was established at Red Willow in April, 1872; Royal Buek, postmaster. In the summer of 1873, a Postoffice was established at Indianola, and later in the same year, at Canby, Lebanon, and Danbury on the Beaver.
The first session of the District Court for Red Willow County, was held at Indianola, on the 28th and 29th days of April. 1875; Judge Gaslin presiding.
During 1872, there were no deaths in the County, of record; in 1873, there were two; in 1874, none; in 1875, six, of whom two were killed by lightning, and one was drowned.
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JOHNSON'S HISTORY OF NEBRASKA.
The first stock of goods brought into the County was by T. P. Thomas, late in the summer of 1872. John Byfield also opened a store on his homestead, adjoining Red Willow town site, in the same year.
The Christian denomination organized a Society at Red Wil- low, in 1873; and another has since been organized on the Beaver. In 1875, the Congregationalists organized Societies at Indianola and Valley Grange; and since then, a Society of the same dehom- ination has been organized at Red Willow. In 1876, the M. E. Church organized a Society at Indianola, and the United Brethren a class at Red Willow. A Union Bible class and prayer-meeting was organized at Red Willow in the summer of 1872, and early in 1873 a regular Sabbath school was organized at the house of Royal Buck. There are now several Church buildings in the County, and flourishing Sabbath schools are conducted at Indianola and at dif- ferent points on the Beaver.
PUBLIC SCHOOLS .- The first school districts were organized in December, 1873, at Indianola and Red Willow. The present num- ber of districts is fifteen; school houses, eleven; children of school age, males, 162, females, 141, total, 303; qualified teachers em- ployed, males, six, females, seven; total wages paid teachers for the year, $792.80; value of school property, $525.
TAXABLE PROPERTY .- Acres of land, 18,775; average value per acre, $1.50; value of town lots, $2,457; money invested in merchandise, $1,330; money used in manufactures, $200; horses, 544, value, $11,764; mules, 51, value, $2,132; neat cattle, 2,817, valne, $19,778; sheep, 1,375, value, $1,222; swine, 284, valne, $351; vehicles, 192, value, $2,783; moneys and credits, $2,506; mortgages, $175; furniture, $25S; property not enumerated, $623; total valuation for 1879, $73,741.
RAILROADS .- The nearest railroad point at present is at Bloomington, Franklin County, sixty miles distant. The grading for the extension westward of the Republican valley branch of the B. & M. road is now in progress, and the road is to be completed through this County before the close of 1879.
LANDS .- There is some good Government land still left in this County. The price of wild lands ranges from $1.25 to $7 per acre.
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JOHNSON'S HISTORY OF NEBRASKA.
POPULATION .- The following are the precincts and population of each. in 1879: Indianola, 420; Red Willow, 207; Driftwood, 108; Beaver, 125; Danbury, 103.
Total, 963,-males, 544, females, 419.
INDIANOLA,
The County Seat, is located on the east bank of Coon Creek, near its junction with the Republican, and five miles northeast of the geographical center of the County. The town site was surveyed and recorded in the fall of 1873. It has a population of 300, and contains a newspaper, good school and Church facilities, the County offices, several general stores, botel, blacksmith shop, lum- ber yard, etc.
RED WILLOW,
Beautifully located on the west bank of Red Willow Creek, within a mile of the Republican, was the first town laid out in the County. It contains 150 inhabitants, a good school house, three well-stocked general assortment stores, a flouring mill, etc. It is surrounded by a magnificent fertile country, and the streams are well timbered and bridged.
VALLEY GRANGE, on the Driftwood, and DANBURY and LEBANON, on the Beaver, are flourishing young towns.
SAUNDERS COUNTY.
Saunders County, formerly called Calhoun, was created in 1856. By an Act of the Legislature, approved January 8, 1862, its name was changed to Saunders, in honor of Hon. Alvin Saunders, the last Territorial Governor and present United States Senator from Nebraska. By an Act approved February 8, 1865, it was attached to Cass County for election, revenue and judicial purposes. The organization of the County was effected in Oc- tober, 1866. After several changes by the Legislature in the boundaries of the County, they were fixed as they exist at present by an Act approved February 25, 1875.
Saunders is located in the middle-eastern part of the State, in the second tier of Counties west of the Missouri River, bounded
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JOHNSON'S HISTORY OF NEBRASKA.
on the north and east by the Platte River, which separates it from Dodge, Douglas, and Sarpy Counties,-south by Cass and Lan- caster, and west by Butler County, containing about 756 square miles; or 483,840 acres, at an average elevation of 1,150 feet above the sea level.
WATER COURSES .- Besides the Platte River, which forms the County boundary from the northwest to the southeast corner, there are many beautiful streams flowing through the County in every direction, among which are the Salt, Wahoo, Sand, Cottonwood, Dunlap, North Fork, Miller's Branch, Silver, Upper Clear, Lower Clear, Rock and Oak Creeks, making this one of the best watered Counties in the State, every township having one or more living streams passing through it. Several of the creeks afford excellent mill privileges.
TIMBER .- The native timber is limited, being found chiefly in the bluffs, on the islands of the Platte, and along the banks of the creeks. The amount reported under cultivation is 2,538 acres, or 1,451,358 trees. Of hedge fencing, 130 miles are returned.
FRUIT .- 4,762 apple, 1,059 pear, 14,938 peach, 8,035 plum, and 8,716 cherry trees are returned, besides six and three-fourths. acres of grape vines.
LIMESTONE and sandstone of fair quality are found in several localities.
CHARACTER OF THE LAND .-- Twelve per cent. of the County is valley, and the remainder plain and rolling prairie, with high bluffs skirting the valley of the Platte. The flood plains of the Platte River, Salt, Wahoo and Rock Creeks are extensive, being broad and beautiful expanses of natural meadow, clothed with nutritious grasses growing upon a deep alluvial soil of great. fertility.
CROPS .- The area under cultivation reported for 1879, was 152,- 354 acres. Winter wheat, 400 acres, 5,059 bushels; spring wheat 64,695 acres, 723,206 bushels; rye 3,790 acres, 39,598 bushels; corn, 59,794 acres, 1,578,366 bushels; barley, 2,301 acres, 36,006 bushels; oats, 11,209 acres, 120,033 bushels; buckwheat, ten acres, seventy-nine bushels; sorghum, nine acres, 687 gallons; flax, 660 acres, 3,204 bushels; broom corn, 409 acres, eighty-eight and three- fourths tons; potatoes, 437 acres, 38,226 bushels.
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JOHNSON'S HISTORY OF NEBRASKA.
HISTORICAL .- Mr. Joseph Stambaugh, who located upon Sec- tion thirty-five, of town thirteen, range nine, of the Sixth Principal Meridian, September 6, 1856, has the honor of being the first white settler of Saunders County. Mr. Stambaugh and his heroic wife are entitled to much credit for perseverance, fortitude and heroism in enduring the privations, hardships and annoyances of frontier life. The muranding and thieving Pawnees were a con- stant source of annoyance to them during the first years of their stay in the County. Scarcely were they settled upon their home- stead-ere they were compelled to leave it and seek shelter and protection among the settlers of Cass County. Their first house was destroyed by the Indians soon after their departure. Early in the spring of 1857, however, a new house was erected, and the brave parents with their little ones returned to their chosen home. With not a Postoffice, store, or even a blacksmith shop, nearer than the town of Plattsmouth, over thirty miles distant, with numerous unbridged streams intervening, requiring days to make the trip, the loneliness and hardship of their lives during the first three years cannot be imagined by the uninitiated. But victory perched upon their banner, and has crowned their efforts with success. A brick house now occupies the place of their original "sod mansion," and is surrounded with a fine grove of forest trees, a thrifty orchard and several barns for the protection of stock. John Stambangh, their second son, was the second white child born in the County, April 9, 1858.
Reuben L. Warbritton and family, and John Aughe, accompa- nied Mr. Stambangh on his return to the County in the spring of 1857. In June, Mr. Ramsey settled upon the south side of Wahoo Creek, about one mile above Mr. Warbritton's, where his widow still resides. She has the honor of giving birth to the first white child born in the County, March, 1858.
Thomas K. Chamberlain also came in 1857, and located near the junction of Musquito Creek with the Wahoo.
In 1860, came Austin Smith, John Smith, Henry Howe, Ste- phen Brown, Solomon Henry, and a Mr. Aldrich, all from Wiscon- sin. They settled upon the table land north of R. L. Warbritton. Perry Tarpenning came in 1861, and settled between Warbritton and Smith.
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JOHNSON'S HISTORY OF NEBRASKA.
In 185S, Samuel Hahın settled upon section one, town twelve, range nine, then a part of Cass County, but now a part of Saun- ders. In 1861, Charles Richart settled on the Platte bottom, town seventeen, range six; near him settled, in the fall of the same year, John Garrett and a Mr. Anderson. W. H. McCowan and Doctor Wood settled upon the table land just above Pohocco headland, in 1863, and Perry Reed on the headland bluff, in 1865.
This noted headland merits a brief notice in this place. Hav- ing in a former geological period occupied the position of an island in a lake of considerable magnitude, it now stands as a bold headland, against which the waters of the Platte impinge with violence, at least 150 feet beneath its surface. Across its smooth bosom the fierce Red Man laid his trail, and from its higher eleva- tions stood and gazed over the beautiful landscape-beneath, the rushing, turbid waters of the Platte, and around, a sea of verdure; in the distance, to the northeast, the valleys of the Elkhorn River and Maple Creek; on the other hand, the immense Platte bottom, stretching far to the northwest-presented a scene of softened love- liness seldom surpassed. Near the close of 1856, this lovely spot was selected by a party of speculators residing in Nebraska City, Plattsmouth, and Glenwood, Iowa, as the site for a town, which was to become the city of the Territory, and Capital of the future State. NEOPOLIS was laid off with imposing proportions. Broad avenues and spacious streets crossed each other at right angles; public squares and parks were numerous; and a saw-mill was pur- chased and set to work to cut out lumber for the building of the future Capital of Nebraska. But, alas! all these visions of future greatness came to naught. The great Capital City was never built; and the operators, after losing considerable money, abandoned the enterprise.
At the general election held October 8th, 1866, for the purpose of County organization, Ashland was selected as the County Seat, and the following County Officers elected: Commissioners, Wm. Reed, Austin Smith, and Thompson Bissell; Hobart Brush, Clerk; J. Richardson, Treasurer; Loomis Nickwin, Sheriff; Andrew Mar- ble, Probate Judge; S. E. Wilson, Surveyor; Marcus Brush, Prosecuting Attorney.
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JOHNSON'S HISTORY OF NEBRASKA.
The first Commissioners' Court was held at Ashland, Novem- ber 10, 1866.
A. B. Fuller was the first Superintendent of Public Schools- appointed by the Commissioners in April, 1867.
BONDING OMAHA.
COURT HOUSE BUILDING, SAUNDERS COUNTY.
The first tax was made July 8, 1867. The first license to sell spirituous, vinous, and malt liquors within the County, was granted April 6, 1868.
At an election held on the 8th of May, 1869, the County voted bonds to the amount of $40,000 to the B. & M. Railroad in Ne- braska, to aid in the construction of that road.
The first marriage in the County occurred November 7, 1866, between Mr. Samuel V. Bumgarden and Miss Lucinda Hooker.
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JOHNSON'S HISTORY OF NEBRASKA.
CHURCHES .- The religious denominations in the County are: Episcopalian, Presbyterian, Congregational, Lutheran, Baptist, Reformed Church, Baptist Missionary, Presbyterian-Reformed, Methodist, Disciples, Catholic, and Universalist. The Methodists erected the first house of worship in the County. There are now twelve Church buildings altogether.
PUBLIC SCHOOLS .- Number of school districts, 100; school houses, ninety ; children of school age-males, 2,523, females, 2,435, total, 4,958; whole number of children that attended school during the year, 3,412; qualified teachers employed,-males, sixty-five, females, ninety-four, total, 159; total wages paid teachers for the year, $18,763.60; value of school houses, $51,518; value of sites $3,314; value of books, ete., $1,014.60.
TAXABLE PROPERTY .- Acres of land, 430,860, average value per acre, $2.67; value of town lots, $120,636; money invested in merchandise, $59,497; money used in manufactures, $3,235; horses, 6,379, value, $142,712; mules and asses, 599, value, $15.615; neat cattle, 11,847, value, $79,328; sheep, 2,979, value, $2,016; swine, 29,512, value, $21,751; vehicles, 2,303, valne, $26,632; moneys and credits, $19,750; mortgages, $14,666; stocks, etc., $51; furni- ture, $22,891; libraries, $2,407; property not enumerated, $76,652; railroads, $179,583.59; total valuation for 1879, $1,938,734.59.
RAILROADS .- The Omaha and Republican Valley Railroad runs through the central portion of the County from northeast to southwest. The Burlington and Missouri Railroad crosses the southeast corner of the County at Ashland.
LANDS .- The price of improved lands ranges from $7 to $30 per acre. The Union Pacific and Burlington and Missouri Rail- road Companies each have several thousand acres for sale in this County at from $3 to $7 per acre.
MILLS .- There are eight flouring mills in the County, all water-power except one; one is located at Valparaiso, two at Aslı- land, two at Wahoo, two near Clear Creek, and one at Ithica.
POPULATION .-- The following are the Precincts and population of each in 1879 : Oak Creek, 414; Newman, 484; Elk, 783; Chester, 461; Bohemia, 485; Rock Creek, 466; Chapman, 507; Mariposa, 676; Donglas, S58; Richland, 557; Stocking, 1,460; Center, 569; Cedar, 687; Green, 470; Wahoo, 532; Marietta, 492;
JOHNSON'S HISTORY OF NEBRASKA.
539
Pohocco, 714; Ashland, 1,012; Clear Creek, 551; Marble, 692; Union, 658.
Total, 13,528,-males, 7,119, females, 6,409. Population of County in 1878, 12,514; increase, 1,014.
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BOND ENG- QMAHA =
STURDEVANT PHOTO.
SCHOOL BUILDING WAHOO, SAUNDERS COUNTY,
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JOHNSON'S HISTORY OF NEBRASKA.
WAHOO,
The County Seat, occupies the site of a former Indian town, upon beautiful ground between the Wahoo and Sand Creeks, and is near the geographical center of the County. It was made the County Seat in the fall of 1873, and was then a village of only a few houses, since which time its growth has been most remarkable, it now being a city of the second class, with a population of 1,250. The Omaha and Republican Valley Railway was completed to Wahoo in the fall of 1876. The United Presbyterians, Reformed Presbyterians, Catholics and Baptiets, have comfortable Church buildings here. The Methodists, Congregationalists and Lutherans hold regular services. An elegant Court House was erected in 1874, and a fine school house, accommodating a graded school, in 1875. Business is generally well represented, there being two flouring mills-one steam and one water-power,-two weekly newspapers-the Times and the Independent, three grain ele- vators, three lumber yards, three hotels, one bank, eight general merchandise, three grocery, four hardware, four drug, two furniture, three harness and three shoe stores, five agricultural implement dealers, thirteen lawyers, six doctors, three brokers, numerous mechanics' shops, etc. Among the Societies represented here are, the Masonic, Odd Fellows, Knights of Honor, Grand Army of the Republic, Sons of Temperance, Merchant's and Business Men's Club, and Bohemian Benevolent. Near the city are the Fair Grounds, with an extensive floral hall, stables, and an excellent half-mile track.
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