History of the city of Omaha, Nebraska, Part 56

Author: Savage, James Woodruff, 1826-1890; Bell, John T. (John Thomas), b. 1842, joint author; Butterfield, Consul Willshire, 1824-1899
Publication date: 1894
Publisher: New York, Chicago, Munsell & Company
Number of Pages: 1020

USA > Nebraska > Douglas County > Omaha > History of the city of Omaha, Nebraska > Part 56

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In 1890 lots were purchased by the city for six new engine houses, to be located as fol- lows: corner of Eighth and Pierce, Thir- tieth and Spaulding, Creighton Avenue and Twenty-ninth Avenue, Thirty-sixth and Jones, Vinton near Twentieth, and Hamil- ton, near Lowe Avenue. Bonds to the amount of fifty thousand dollars had pre- viously been voted to provide for an exten- sion of the fire department. A trifle over fourteen thousand dollars was paid for these lots, leaving thirty-five thousand dollars to

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be used in the erection of buildings this year, and it is proposed to add twenty-five men to the force.

June 25, 1890, there was a State Fire- men's Tournament at Plattsmouth, in whichi the Omaha Veteran Fireman's Association contested for, and won. a prize banner valued at three hundred dollars to be awarded to the best drilled and best marching com- pany. The following named constituted the veteran association: William Shull, J. F. Sheely, John Banmer, Charles Fischer, Max Meyer, J. J. Galligan, Daniel W.

Shull, Ed. Maurer, IIenry Pundt, Ed. Wit- tig, Solomon Prince, Louie Faist, H. Ber- thold, Joseph Tehon, A. P. Hopkins, P. Besen, Charles Schlank, II. Kunda, Judge Beneke, L. Kroitzsch, J. A. Lichtenberger, C. V. Gallagher, P. Windheim, F. Schmidt, J. J. Donnelly, Jr., P. J. Karbach, John A. McShane, Harry Taggart, Frank X. Dellone, M. Ilellman, Aaron Cahn, Sr., F. H. Kos- ters, F. P. Hanlon, J. E. Markel, J. H. But- ler, Julius Treitschke, Joseph Rotholz, John F. Behm, A. H. Sander, Phillip Dorr, Wil- liam Mack, W. H. May.

CHAPTER XLI.

LABOR DISTURBANCES-DAYS OF ANXIETY AND DREAD -- WISE AND MODERATE COUNSELS FOLLOWED.

There have been several labor disturb- ances in this city, of more or less prominence, the first of any moment, perhaps, being that of the printers, in 1869, which resulted in the establishment of the Times newspaper, referred to more at length in another chap- ter. In 1874 there was another printers' strike, and the Union newspaper was the re- sult. Since that date there have been vari- ous differences between the newspaper printers and their employers, but no strikes of special importance.

In June, 1877, Superintendent S. H. II. Clark, of the Union Pacific Railroad, received direction from his superiors to make a con- siderable reduction in the wages of the eom- pany's employes. A resistance to this order was made, not only in Omaha, but all along the line, and it was deemed advisable to withdraw the order. In the meantime, the railroad workmen on the east side of the river were holding meetings at Couneil Bluffs, and on the 23d adopted the follow- ing:

" Resolved, That section men, car cleaners and laborers do not work for less than $1.50 a day; and if their demands are not acceded to by the railroad companies by Tuesday noon, they should strike.

" Resolved, That all laboring men within the city, including brick-layers and others, should not labor for less than $1.50 a day."

On the 25th, about 150 track repairers on the Kansas City, St. Joseph & Council Bluffs Railroad struck, and were joined shortly afterwards by numbers of brick-layers and others. It was feared an attempt would be made to destroy the Union Pacific bridge

(the great strike of railroad men in Penn- sylvania occurred that year), and a guard of fifty men was organized to protect it and other property of that company. Traffic be- tween Omaha and the East was serionsly in- terfered with, and for a time all of the freight cars of the Union Pacific were kept on this side of the river, but there was no strike in this city.

November 1, 1877, the men employed at the smelting works struck on account of a proposed reduction of their pay to $1.75 for twelve hours' work. Two or three days later the difficulty was adjusted, and the men returned to work, their wages being fixed at $1.25 for nine hours' work. In May, 1880, there was another and much more se- rious strike of smelting works' employes, and about one hundred colored men were shipped in from Kansas and Missouri to take their places. While on the cars en route to Omaha, they were supplied with arms and ammunition, as it was supposed they would be assaulted when they attempted to go into the works. Great excitement prevailed, and when the party reached the city, on the morning of the 21st, crowds of people were found gathered near the buildings. Inside these, and about the grounds of the smelt- ing works company, were stationed armed men. During the day, means were found by the strikers and their friends to reach the imported laborers and induce them to agree to return to their homes, a fund of about three hundred dollars being raised to pay their railroad fare, the negroes claiming that they did not know at the time of their employment that there had been a strike on

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LABOR DISTURBANCES.

the part of the company's employes. The officers of the company, becoming seriously alarmed, telegraphed Governor Nance for aid, and two companies of the State militia were at once ordered to Omaha-Company I, of Columbus, Captain John N. Lawson and Captain C. M. Copp's Company, of Wahoo. Company G, Captain Crager, and Company HI, Captain Bolln, of Omaha, were also directed to report to the officers of the smelting company. The last named com- mand, being composed almost entirely of young mechanics, and sympathizing with the strikers, declined to serve on such duty, and only fifteen of their number could be induced to respond to the call. For three days this military force was stationed in and about the smelting works. On the 24th, the matters in dispute were amicably arranged by arbitration, and peace was once more restored.

raised for the strikers, and a state of general excitement and anxiety prevailed. It was re- solved by the striking laborers to demand 81.75 a day, and to stand by that demand to the last. Jefferson Square was utilized as a meeting place, and here thousands assembled daily to listen to addresses; and in the ev- enings similar meetings were held at the Academy of Music, Metz's Hall, and other places. Stephenson was waited upon by a committee, and he then agreed to pay $1.50 a day for a time, and, as soon as the weather became sufficiently settled to warrant it, to raise the wages to $1.75 per day, and also agreed to pay the men every Monday night. The committee reported in favor of accept- ing this proposition, but the strikers rejected it. The railroad company then took charge of the work with a force of laborers from Plattsmouth, bringing the men up in the morning and returning in the evening. At a meeting at Metz's Ilall, March 7th, Mayor James E. Boyd was present by invitation and addressed the strikers, urging them to either return to work or to refrain from mo- lesting other men who were willing to work

In March, 1882, occurred a labor strike which will long be remembered in the his- tory of Omaha. The Burlington & Missouri River Railroad Company was making ex- tensive improvements on "the bottoms," which necessitated the removal of a large . for the wages offered. Ile referred to his own amount of earth east of Eighth Street and experience as a mechanic, early in life, when he said he had worked in Omaha for much less pay than that which the striking labor- ers had refused .. On the 9th, a procession of twenty-five hundred men marched through the streets, and finally passed down Farnam Street to the locality where the laborers from Plattsmouth were at work, under the pro- tection of an armed special police. A rush was made by the marching column, the men were driven from their task, and their spades. shovels, and wheeled scrapers were thrown into the pond. Several shots were fired and three men of the assaulted party injured. between Howard and Farnam, the bluff being cut down and a pond of considerable size filled up. The contract had been let to James Stephenson, of this city, and he had been at work but a short time when he an- nounced liis intention to reduce the pay of the workmen twenty-five cents per day, which left their daily wages $1.25, instead of $1.50, as at first paid. General dissatis- faetion was expressed by the men, and a strike followed. Stephenson then proposed to pay $1.40, but that proposition was re- jected, and the former price of $1.50 insisted upon. Meetings were held, the strikers On the night of the 8th a special train took Superintendent IToldrege, of the Bur- lington, and a party to Lincoln to interview Governor Nance with respect to the situa- tion, and on the 9th the following was sent that official, signed by Mayor Boyd and marched through the streets, and in front of Mr. Stephenson's livery establishment, on Harney Street, hung in etligy a man of the sort supposed to be willing to work for $1.25 a day. Bands were secured, speeches made, funds

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Sheriff David N. Miller: " A mob of three thousand or four thousand men drove the laborers from their work on the Burlington grounds and seriously injured three men. We are powerless to keep the peace, and call upon you to enforce the laws and protect peaceable laborers from mob violence. We are of the opinion that United States troops are absolutely necessary to restore quiet and that the militia would be insufficient. We have just been informed that to-day notice is to be served on all manufacturers that their men must join in the strike and re- main idle until the difficulty is settled, and we fear danger." In addition telegrams and letters of the same general import were sent by several business men of the city.

Upon receipt of the foregoing official de- mand for aid, the governor telegraphed President Arthur, requesting that the troops at Fort Omaha be placed at the disposal of the authorities at Omaha, and the various companies composing the First Regiment, Nebraska National Guards, were directed to be in readiness to come to this city on short notice. Companies C and E, Fifth United States Cavalry were sent to Omaha from Sidney, Nebraska, and on the following day Companies A, B, D, F, G, H, I and K, of the First Regiment, State militia, arrived at Omaha, under command of Colonel Colby, and encamped on the grounds of the Bur- lington company, where the men were at work, most of the soldiers being quartered in the old Catholic Church building. The regulars were also stationed in the same vicinity, with a Gatling gun and a howitzer. Sunday afternoon, March 12th, while the regulars were at Fort Omaha for the day, a large crowd assembled near the grounds to witness the dress parade of the militia regiment, and much throwing of missiles at the guards was indulged in, chiefly by a party of boys. One George P. Armstrong, a man abont sixty years old, attempted to pass along Eighth Street, but was pressed back by a sentry, who pointed a bayonet toward him. Mr.

Armstrong attempted to thrust the bayonet aside, and a scuffle ensued. Several guards ran to the spot, and in a moment the old gentleman fell, with a bayonet thrust through the body. Ile was carried into the camp and the excitement of the citizens allayed by the statement that his injuries were slight, and when the parade was con- cluded the crowd dispersed. That night Mr. Armstrong died from his injuries: and when that fact became known great excite- ment prevailed, and a general demand was made for the surrender of the soldier who had inflicted the fatal injury. Police ,Judge Beneke issued a warrant for his arrest, in the name of " John Doe," but the officer at- tempting to serve it was refused admittance to the camp, whereupon Sheriff Miller and his deputy, Edward Crowell, went to the camp and made a search of the soldiers' quarters, but were unable to identify the man they sought, and hence made no arrests. The funeral of Mr. Armstrong, which occur- red the following Sunday, was one of the most imposing ever witnessed in Omaha.

A special grand jury was sworn to take action in the matter of the strike, and Daniel O'Keefe, John Quinn, Bernard Shannon, Edward Walsh, George Grooms and - Van Orman were indicted on the charge of "assault with intent to kill," the charge having reference to the occasion when the rush was made on the laborers, and their tools thrown into the pond. All of these men were arrested, but gave bail and held themselves ready to appear for trial when- ever needed. A continuance was had until the next term of court, and that practically ended the matter. March 20th several of the militia companies left the city for their respective homes, and the excitement died out, the Burlington & Missouri River Com- pany completing the work of grading with- out further molestation.

July 19, 1883, occurred the great strike of telegraph operators, which extended all over the land, and was inaugurated at noon of

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that day by the sending out from the head- quarters of the order of the message, in cypher (previously agreed upon as a signal), "General Grant dropped dead !" At that time Mr. L. M. Rheem was manager of the Western Union office here, employing thirty- two operators, twenty-three of whom quit work, although first-class men were then earning from $110 to $150 per month, $75 per monthı being the lowest wages paid. There was then an organization known as the Telegraphers' Brotherhood, and the re- fusal of the telegraph companies to recognize this organization in the settlement of dif- · ferences was the cause of the strike. On the 21st of August, the Brotherhood gave up the contest, and soon afterwards ceased to exist-

In 1883, and again in 1884, there were printers' strikes, but they were of short du- ration; and in March, 1886, occurred the great strike among the employes of the Texas Pacific and Missouri Pacific systems, whichi was so disastrous to the West and Southwest. From the 5th day of that month until the 1st day of April, not a car was permitted by the Knights of Labor to leave Omaha over the Missouri Pacific road. The history of that great struggle between or- ganized labor and organized capital remains to be written. In its bitterness and disas- trous results, it has been equalled, thus far, only by the railroad strike in Pennsylvania in 1877. Its effects were but slightly felt in this city, however, and no violence or de- struction of property occurred.

The Legislature of the State, at its session in 1891, passed a law making eight hours a

day's work, for all except farm hands and domestics, throughout the State, and pro- vided that the law should go into effect on the first day of August, 1891. The result of this law was to force all employers to hire their employes by the hour. There was, however, much dissatisfaction among some of the workingmen, and several strikes oc- curred, the principal ones in Omaha being of the smelting works' employes and joh printers; neither one of which was successful. For the purpose of testing the constitution- ality of the law, Samuel Rees, at the request of the Central Labor Union, employed men by the hour for more than eight hours a day and by the month, and had them work more than eight hours per day, and had a test suit brought. The case was heard by Judges Wakeley, Doane and Davis, and the decision of the court was that, while the law was con- stitutional, there was nothing in it to pre- vent a man's entering into a contraet to work as many hours as he saw fit; that, when men were hired by the month, eight hours would constitute a day's work, and they would be entitled to reasonable com- pensation for overtime, if they worked more than eight hours. Judge E. R. Duffie argued the case on behalf of Samuel Rees. Ilon. J. L. Webster appeared for the smelting works, and IIon. C. J. Smyth, appeared for the Central Labor Union. Before long every- thing had settled down to its regular condi- tion, and nearly all the workingmen are working by the hour, and the number of hours varies in different trades from eight to ten per day.

CHAPTER XLII.

GRAND ARMY POSTS - WOMAN'S RELIEF CORPS - THE LOYAL LEGION.

The first post of the Grand Army of the Republic, established in Omaha, was insti- tuted January 26, 1867, with George Armstrong as post commander, R. A. Bird, assistant commander; E. K. Valentine (late Sergeant-at-Arms of the House of Repre- sentatives), adjutant, and F. W. Becker, quartermaster. W. J. Hahn was appointed aide-de-camp to Gen. S. A. IIurlburt, then commander-in-chief of the Grand Army, and in consequence of this appointment Captain IIalın was the temporary com- mander of the Department of Nebraska, the first to fill that position. Ile was succeeded by Gen. S. A. Strickland, who appointed Captain John C. Cowin as adjutant; J. E. Philpot, of Lincoln, succeeded General Strickland as department commander, in 1868, but the order was not put upon a permanent basis, or any progress made in the establishment of posts. In 1874 Paul VanDervoort was appointed provisional commander of Nebraska; and, when he had succeeded in establishing enough posts to form a department, was elected department commander, with Lee Estelle as adjutant. W. II. Wilbur was the next department commander; William Coburn, adjutant, and he was succeeded by Col. James W. Savage, with Capt. S. Wood as adjutant.

The headquarters of the Department of Nebraska Grand Army of the Republic are located in this city at 219 South Fourteenth Street. T. S. Clarkson is department com- mander; Joseph Teeter, S. V. C .; Willis Gossert, J. V. C .; Jolm B. Sawhill, A. A. G .; Charles L. Howell, A. Q. M. G .; P. H. Steele, A. I. G .; Rev. W. E. Kimball, chap-

lain; W. H. Johnson, M. D .; Chas. E. Burmester, senior aid and chief of staff.

Phil. Kearney, Post, No. 2, Fort Omaha, was the first post organized here, January 1, 1876, being the date of its muster, with a membership of seventy-six; but by March 1, . there were' 120 comrades enrolled. The first officers were: Joseph Dreschlinger, com- mander; Hugh Kerr, S. V .; James Begley, J. V .; Elbert II. Dunwardin, adjutant; Michael Coady, Q. M .; Frank A. Bradbury, Surgeon; George W. Thompson, Q. M. S .; Charles Reis, O. G .; Benjamin Harris, O. D .; Alfred F. Moore, S. M .; Patrick Russell, I. G .; Thomas Mungen, S. The present officers are: John Reagan, commander; Gregory Farrell, S. V .; Jacob Theurer, J. V .; Robert Gruner, adjutant; James Davidson, Q. M .; Andrew Mayewski, surgeon; William L. Allison, chaplain; Perry A. Lyons, O. D .; Henry Keeler, O. G .; John S. Wood, S. M .; John Scanlan, Q. M. S.

U. S. Grant Post, No. 110, was organized as Omaha Post, August 18, 1882, the name being changed January 12, 1886. The charter members were as follows: Charles F. Manderson, David E. Kimball, Samnel B. Jones, A. D. Morris, Wm. Coburn, Charles E. Burmester, C. II. Frederick, W. F. Bechel, James S. France, J. C. Holtorf, C. F. Goodman, E. A. Parmalee, M. R. Risdon, C. E. Squires, Victor Landergren, W. . J. Broatch, J. S. Caulfield and Mark Hansen. The post has now a membership of 105, with the following named officers: C. S. Chase, commander; R. S. Wilcox, S. V .; H. H. Ben- son, J. V .; Q. II. Shinn, chaplain; William H. Christie, surgeon; John Jeffcoat, adju-

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GRAND ARMY POSTS.

tant; D. M. llaverly, Q. M .; Lafayette Anderson, O. D .; M. McMahon, O. G .; Simeon Bloom, P. M .; S. Adamsky, Q. M. The shortest term of service rendered by a member of this post was one month and two days, and the longest, thirty years and twenty-three days. The membership of the post includes one United States senator and two brigadier generals. One member, Capt. C. II. Kettler, served in the Texan War, the Mexican War, and the War of the Rebellion.

George A. Custer Post, No. 7, was organ- ized June 7, 1876, with the following named charter members: William Coburn, W. T. Rogers, Charles J. Greene, Paul Van Dervoort, John S. Wood, M. R. Risdon, James S. France, E. Sehlick, R. II. Wilbur, C. L. Bristol, 11. Geiscke, Charles E. Squires, Silas A. Strickland, A. H. Scott, H. Kensley, O. Steen, I. N. Parker. The record of the first list of officers elected was not preserved. The following named is the present list of officers: Charles L. Thomas, commander; Fritz Wirth, S. V .: George II. Rhodes, J. V .; J. P. Henderson, Q. M .; William P. Brown, adjutant; Dr. II. C. VanGeison, surgeon; O. G. Decker. chaplain; Charles Hlenn. O. D .; F. Garrity, O. G .; Jerome Potter, S. M .; William L. Lindley, Q. M. S.

George Crook Post (formerly Gate City Post, and then Phil II. Sheridan Post), No. 262, was instituted April 6, 1888, the follow- ing named being the charter members: L. F. Maginn, J. B. West, G. C. Bonner, G corge R. Rathbun, John B. Furay, J. G. Willis, W. S. Askwith, William Stuart, A. K. Rhoades, W. C. McLean, D. O. Clements, S. K. Jackson, S. K. Spaulding, Levi Grate. P. Flanagan, J. Bliss. Following named were the first officers: J. G. Willis, commander; L. F. Maginn, S. V. C .; George R. Rathbun, J. V. C .; S. K. Spaulding, surgeon; W. S. Askwith, Q. M .; W. C. McLean, O. D .; D. O. Clements, O. G .; J. B. West, chaplain. The present offieers are: George C. Bon- ner, commander; B. R. Ball. S. V. C .; J. B.

West, J. V. C .; A. K. Rhoades, Q. M. S .; S. K. Spaulding, surgcon; L. F. Maginn, O). D .; T. L. IIull, O. G .; D. O. Clements, S. M .; Charles Kohl, Q. M. S.

Omaha has the distinction of furnishing the only member of the order who, having served only as a private during the war, reached the honorable position of grand com- mander of the United States. To Paul Van Dervoort was awarded this distinction, at the meeting of the grand eommandery in 1882, at Baltimore. lle was very active with Gen. John A. Logan, in perfecting the or- ganization that year of the National Wom- an's Relief Corps, which now has a membership of over eighty thousand, and was elected in 1884, an honorary member, the only person ever elected to that posi- tion. Ile was also presented with a hand- some gold badge by this large, patriotic and influential association, at Portland, Maine, in 1885.

There are three posts of the Woman's Re- lief Corps in this city. George A. Custer Post, No. 82, holds meetings at 2:30 p. m. on Thursdays, at the G. A. R. Ilall, No. 116 North Fifteenth Street. Mrs. A. IIender- son is president; Mrs. Dora Green, vice- president; Mrs. Mattie Rhoades, junior vice- president; Mrs. Louisa Kirby, treasurer; Mrs. Angelina Whitmarsh, secretary; Mrs. Sophia Rawitzer, chaplain; Mrs. Anna Craw- ford, conductor; Mrs. Mary Mckinney, guard. George Crook Post, No. 88, meets on the second and fourth. Friday evenings of cach month, at Goodrich Hall, on North Twenty-Fourth Street. Mrs. Anna E. Ask- with is president; Mrs. Anna Tnle, senior vice-president; Mrs. Amelia E. Drake, junior vice-president; Mrs. E. A. IFull, chap- lain; Mrs. Sophia M. Bennett, treasurer; Miss Nellie Askwith, secretary; Miss Mamie Mulhall, conductor; Mrs. Nellie Clements, assistant conductor; Mrs. Addie M. Rhoades, guard. U. S. Grant Post, No. 104, meets on the second and fourth Tuesday after- noons of each month, at Clark's Hall, 107

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South Fourteenth Street. Mrs. Ella S. Col- lins, president; Mrs. Eliza S. Adamsky, sen- ior vice-president; Mrs. Juliette A. Rhoades, junior vice-president; Mrs. Roanna E. Ben- son, secretary; Mrs. Sarah M. Christie, treas- urer; Mrs. Helen B. Jeffcoat, chaplain; Mrs. Laura Landergren, conductor; Miss Nettie Haverly, guard; Miss Emma Adams, assistant conductor; Miss Alice A. Sreeves, assistant guard.

George A. Crook Camp No. 1, Division of Nebraska, Sons of Veterans, meets on the first and third Mondays at G. A. R. Hall. W. K. Jacobs is captain; John L. Gideon, first lieutenant; C. E. Burmester, second lieutenant; John B. Cultin, first sergeant.

Thurston Division, No. 2, O. R. T. of N. A., meets at G. A. R, Hall, 114 Northı Fif- teenth Street, on the second and fourth Sat- urdays of each month. J. H. Flannagan, C. T .; E. C. Mangrum, secretary and treasurer; W. E. Travis, A. C. T .; A. M. Wood, P. C .: N. Crenshaw, S. T .; W. G. Meelens, J. T .; Charles L. Pond, I. S .; A. L. Beechler, O. S.

The Nebraska Commandery of the Mili- tary Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States has its headquarters in Omaha. It was organized at the Paxton Hotel, De- cember 17, 1885, a charter having been ob- tained by a number of residents of Ne- braska, who were admitted to membership August 5, 1885, in the California Command- ery. The following named were elected to fill the various official positions, and served

without change until May 4, 1887: Com- mander, Col. James W. Savage; senior vice commander, Capt. William J. Broatchi; junior vice commander, Gen. Amasa Cobb; recorder, Major J. Morris Brown; registrar, Capt. William II. Ijams; treasurer, Lieut. William Wallace; chancellor, Capt. Frank E. Moores; council, Lieut. E. S. Dundy, Capt. Ilenry E. Palmer, Capt. Church Howe, Ensign W. II. Michaels, Capt. George M. Ilumphrey. The membership November 1, 1892, is 153. The officers elected at the annual election, 1892, were: Brevet Maj. Gen. John R. Brooke, commander; Lieut. John B. Furay, senior vice commander; Brevet Major Chas. W. Pierce, junior vice commander; Major Horace Ludington, re- corder; Capt. II. E. Palmer, registrar; Capt. Jas S. France, treasurer; Lieut. Jas. T. Kin- sler, chancellor; Capt. E. C. Jackson, Lieut. W. F. Bechel, Lieut. Geo. E. Pritchett, Lieut. Thos. Swobe, Brevet Brig. Gen. V. Vifquain, council.

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History of the city of Omaha, Nebraska, Part 56

Author: Savage, James Woodruff, 1826-1890; Bell, John T. (John Thomas), b. 1842, joint author; Butterfield, Consul Willshire, 1824-1899 Publication date: 1894 Publisher: New York, Chicago, Munsell & Company Number of Pages: 1020

Author: Savage, James Woodruff, 1826-1890; Bell, John T. (John Thomas), b. 1842, joint author; Butterfield, Consul Willshire, 1824-1899
Publication date: 1894
Publisher: New York, Chicago, Munsell & Company
Number of Pages: 1020