USA > New Hampshire > Cheshire County > Gazetteer of Cheshire County, N.H., 1736-1885 > Part 4
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Eruptive rocks .- Rocks that have been erupted are not so largely devel- oped in Cheshire county as elsewhere. The most common is the granite of Fitzwilliam, Marlboro, Roxbury and Troy, which is similar to that of Con- cord, and is extensively employed for monumental and building purposes. It occurs in oval patches of comparatively limited dimensions, though inexhaustible so far as required for the needs of society. These areas are enclosed in the montalban schists, and suggest pockets filled with eruptive material, very likely formed beneath the surface and never ejected above ground like mod- ern lava. Other varieties of granite have been quarried at Westport, Mt. Cesar, Mt. Franklin, etc., in the town of Swanzey.
At the present day great use is made of the microscope in the determina- tion of the minute constituents of rocks. In this way it is easy to point out imperfections, not visible to the unaided eye, in certain varieties of granite of inferior quality, while the absence of the same in others demonstrates their superiority. Their imperfections are either foreign minerals which readily decompose when exposed to the atmosphere, or cavities which invite disin- tegration by allowing the percolation and subsequent freezing of water. The best treatise explaining the use of the microscope for this purpose ever published in America, is to be found in part IV. of the Geology of New Hampshire, a report prepared by order of the legislature and sent to every town in the State. From that we learn that the Cheshire granites contain both the black and light colored micas ; the feldspar is usually the common potash variety or orthoclase, but the crystals are often twinned and accom- panied by a closely related species called microcline. The Troy and Rox
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CHESHIRE COUNTY.
bury granites are remarkable for the large amount of microcline present. Minute crystals of zircon, apatite and rutile are frequently seen, though none of these minerals injure the granite for commercial purposes. In the course of ages, when the whole rock has crumbled to soil, the apatite renders an important service by supplying the much desired phosphate of lime, needful for vegetables. Agriculturists have always supposed the phosphates in our soils were derived from the decay of animals or from fertilizers applied arti- ficially, but the scientific study of our minerals proves that we possess in igneous rocks an immense supply of this valuable mineral. There are other eruptive rocks in the coarse granite veins, like those at Alstead, furnishing the merchantable mica and enormous beryls ; the muscovite granites in the Coös group ; dikes of trap; large veins of milk-white quartz and the metalliferous deposits of Surry, Westmoreland, Winchester, Richmond, Jaffrey and else- where.
BOTANICAL.
The following brief sketch of the Botany of Cheshire county, for which we are indebted to William F. Flint, B. S., of Winchester, will doubtless prove of great interest and pleasure to all, while to the many who are practi- cally ignorant of the county's resources in this direction, it must prove par- ticularly valuable. Most certain it is, at least, the compilation of this branch of information could not have been entrusted to more competent hands.
Cheshire county, because of its diversified surface, would naturally be expected to contain a flora rich in the number of its species. Altitude above the sea level, however, is the chief factor which determines the dis- tribution of plants. The fact, therefore, that much the largest part of the county has an altitude of more than 500 feet above the sea level, gives it a flora containing a less number of species than the region either south or east of it. The " back-bone of New Hampshire," which culminates along its southern portion in the peak of Monadnock, occupies with its outlying hills and spurs, the greater part of the area under consideration. Following the trend of this ridge, then, which along the eastern border of the county forms a part of the Connecticut-Merrimack water-shed. the vegetation is found to be in many respects similar to that of the White mountain region and northward, and accordingly may be termed Canadian in type. The areas containing the largest number of species are found to be the valley of the Connecticut and the narrow valleys of its tributaries. These restricted areas seldom more than 500 feet above the sea, have many species char- acteristic of Southern New England and the slopes of the Alleghenies.
The aborescent vegetation of the county originally formed a dense forest, composed of about forty species which were of sufficient size for timber or fuel. In this forest the shrubs found a place as under-growth, or along the banks of the lakes and streams, while the herbaceous vegetation found a place at their roots or in the opening made by the wind-falls and the borders of the
29
CHESHIRE COUNTY.
ponds, etc. Along the valleys of the Connecticut and Ashuelot, were dense bodies of the finest white pine timber, while the higher lands had an abun- dant growth of hemlock, with belts of heavy spruce timber on the highest por- tions, while the best drained tracts supported maples, beech, birches, and red oak.
The clearing of the forest, caused by the settlement of the country, gave larger areas adapted to the growth of shrubs and herbaceous plants ; but, the relative order of distribution of the forest trees remain essentially the same now as then. The old white pine forest is represented by tracts of thrifty saplings of the same species (Finus strobus) most abundant along the Con- necticut and Ashuelot rivers, yet common enough in all parts of the county. The hemlock ( Tsuga Canadensis) is the next most widely distributed coni- fer, while the black spruce (Picea nigra) and the balsam fir ( Abies balsamea) are distributed throughout the length of the eastern side of the county, ap- pearing only in cold swamps in the towns toward the Connecticut. The pitch pine (Pinus rigida) is mostly confined to the dry, gravelly, upper terra- ces of the river valleys, while the red or Norway pine (Pinus resinosa) may be met with in most of the towns, generally in groups of from a few individuals to tracts of several acres in extent.
The Tamarack or American Larch (Larix Americana) is usually confined to cold peat swamps and springy lands, and is found in the greatest abun- dance in the towns of Fitzwilliam, Rindge and Jaffrey.
The sugar and red maples, ( Acer saccharinum and A. rubum) are abun- dant in all parts of the county, the latter rather preponderating, while the river or silver maple (A. dasycarpum) is always found fringing the banks of the larger streams. The beech (Fagus ferruginea), while not infrequent in all parts of the county, attains its best development in the eastern half, especially about the foot of Monadnock. The grey birch ( Betula alba, var, populifolia) and the black birch (B. lenta) will be found mostly in the southern and south- western portions. The yellow birch (Betula lutea) and the paper, or canoe birch (B. papyrifera) are everywhere met with, but best developed along the highlands. The basswood, black cherry, and white ash, may be found in all deciduous forests, but nowhere in great abundance. The black ash is mostly" confined to cold, peat swamps and the borders of sluggish streams.
The American elm ( Ulmus Americana) is most common in alluvial soil. The chestnut ( Castanea vulgaris, var, Americana), the white oak ( Quercus alba), the black or yellow barked oak ( Q. tinctoria). the three species of hickory which come within our limits ( Carya alba. C. porcina and C. amara), are all con- fined to a strip of territory five to ten miles wide, bordering the Connecticut river ; The red oak ( Q. rubeus), on the other hand, being everywhere distri- buted. Two species of poplar, (Populus tremuloides and P. grandidentata), are everywhere abundant, while the two remaining species, the cottonwood, (P. monilifera) and the Balm of Gilead or Balsam poplar (P. balsamifera), are natural only to the alluvial soil of the Connecticut, the former here find-
30
CHESHIRE COUNTY.
ing its eastern limit. There are but two species of willows which become trees, the black willow (Salix nigra), and the white willow and its varieties, introduced from Europe and are well naturalized, (S. alba). The remain- ing willows are mostly large shrubs and may be found everywhere, in all varieties of soils, from the wettest to the driest, each kind having some species which is adapted to it.
The heath family represents a greater number of shrubby plants than any other order within the county, there being about twenty species, and they are of more importance for economic and ornamental purposes than the cther kinds of shrubs. Among the representatives of this family are two cranberries and three species of blueberry (Vaccinium), and a huckleberry ( Gaylussacia). The fruit of the blueberries finds its way into the markets, and is a source of considerable revenue, especially to the towns in the southern part of the county.
The Rhododendrons, which are considered among the most showy of orna- mental shrubs, are represented by three species, one of which, the great Rose Bay (R. maximum), has been detected in only two places ; one, a swamp containing some two acres in the northwestern part of Fitzwilliam, and the . other, a patch containing a few square rods in a swampy spruce wood in the southeastern part of Richmond. The other two are deciduous species, the most widely distributed of which (R. nudiflorum) is commonly known as June Pink or Pink Azalea. The other, the Rhodora (R. rhodora), is espe- cially abundant on the sides of Monadnock, and common in the southeastern part of the county. This family contains the Kalmias, the largest of which (K. latifolia), or Mountain Laurel, is being sought after for ornamental plant- ing, and is common south of Monadnock and westward to the Connecticut river, having its northern limit in Westmoreland. The Sheep Laurel (K. an- gustifolia) has a somewhat wider range, and is found throughout the Connec- ticut valley. The Pale Laurel (R. glauca) is rare and local, grows in a cold bog at Keene, and in like soil on Monadnock.
The rose family contains the next greatest number of shrubs, then follows the honeysuckle, willow, cornel, holly, and sumach families, which make up the bulk of our fructescent vegetation. Monadnock has a few sub-Alpine plants, the cowberry, or mountain cranberry, (Vaccinium Vitis Idaea), the Alpine cinquefoil, (Potentilla tridentata), the European golden-rod (Solidago virga-aurea), Greenland sandwort, (Arenaria Grænlandiea), and Labrador tea (Ledum latifolium.)
The greatest number of species of herbaceous plants will be found in the valleys of the principal streams, and probably nine-tenths of the flora of the county is represented by the vegetation of the Connecticut valley, within five miles of the river. After rising to an altitude of six hundred feet above the sea-level, a great falling off is observed in the number of species, those which remain occupying relatively greater area. The space allotted to this subject will not allow of entering more into details, which might be interesting. The
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CHESHIRE COUNTY.
accompanying catalogue shows the flora of the county, as placed under the natural orders, or families, and is necessarily technical. . Those who wish to ascertain the common names and specific description of the different plants are referred to Gray's " Manual of Botany," or Wood's "Class-book of Bot- any." The catalogue may be considered approximately correct. All the species mentioned have been collected within the limits of the county, so that if change should be made it would be by the discovery of species which have been overlooked, become recently naturalized, or escaped from cultivation.
This catalogue includes the ferns, in addition to the flowering plants. There are also within the county about fifty species of mosses and licliens, and many fungi ; but as their discriptions are not easily accessible to the general public, nothing is attempted with them in this connection.
CATALOGUE.
(The natural orders are printed in SMALL CAPITALS, the indigenous species in Roman, and the introduced species in Italics. Rare, or very local species are marked thus .* )
RANUNEULACEÆ. (Crowfoot Family.)
I. Clematis Virginiana.
2. Anemone Cylindvica.
3. A. Virginiana.
4. A. nemorosa.
5. Hepatica triloba.
6. H. acutiloba.
7. Thalictrum dioicum.
8. T. Cornuti.
9. Ranunculus aquatilis.
IO. R. Flamula, var, reptans.
II. R. abortivus.
I2. R. recurvatus.
13. R. Pennsylvanicus.
14. R. bulbosus.
15. R. acris.
16. Caltha palustris.
17. Coptis trifolia.
18. Aquilegia Canadensis.
19. A. vulgaris.
20. Actæa alba.
MENISPERMUMACEÆ. (Moonseed Family.)
21. Menispermum Canadense.
BERBERIDACEÆ. (Barberry Family.)
22. Berberis vulgaris.
23. Caulophyllum halictroides.
24. Podophyllum peltatum .*
NYMPHÆACEÆ.
(Water Lily Family.)
25. Brasenia peltata.
26. Nymphæa odorata.
27. Nuphar advena.
SARRACENIACEÆ.
(Pitcher-plant Family.,
28. Sarracenia purpurea.
PAPAVERACEA. (Poppy Family.)
29. Chelidonium majus.
30. Sanguinaria Canadensis. FUMARIACEAE. (Fumitory Family.)
31. Corydalis glauca.
CRUCIFERÆ* (Mustard Family.)
32. Nasturtium palustre.
33. N. Armoracia.
34. Dentaria diphylla.
35. Cardamine hirsuta.
36. Arabis lævigata.
37. Barbarea vulgaris.
38. Sisymbrium officinale.
39. Brassica nigra.
40. Capsella Bursa-pastoris.
41. Lepidium Virginicum.
42. Raphanus Raphanistrum
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CHESHIRE COUNTY.
VIOLACEA.
(Violet Family.)
43. Viola rotundifolia.
4-1. V. lanceotata.
45. V. blanda.
46. V. cuculata.
47. V. sagittata.
48. V. canina.
49. V. canina, var, sylvestris.
50. V. pubescens.
CISTACEA.
(Rock Rose Family.)
51. Helianthemum Canadense 52. Lechea major.
DROSERACEÆ.
(Sundew Family.)
53. Drosera rotundifolia. 54. D. longifolia.
HYPERCACEÆ.
(St. Johnswort Family.)
55. Hypericum ellipticum.
56. H. perforatum.
57. H. mutilum.
58. H. Canadense.
59. H. Sarothra.
60. Elodes Virginica.
CAROPHYLLACEÆ.
(Pink Family.)
61. Saponaria Officinalis.
62. Silene inflata.
63. S. Ameria.
64. Lychnis Girthayo.
65. Arenaria Grænlandica .*
66. Stellaria media.
67. S. longifolia.
68. Cerastium viscosum.
69. C. arvense.
70. Spergularia, rubra, var, camp- estris.
71. Mollugo verticilata.
PORTULACACEÆ.
(Portulaca Family.)
72. Portulaca oleracea.
73. Claytonia Caroliniana.
MALVACEÆ. (Mallows Family.)
74. Malva rotundifolia.
75. M. sylvestris.
76. M. crispa.
77. M. moschata.
TILIACEA. (Linden Family.)
78. Tilia Americana.
GERANIACEA.
(Geranium Family.)
79. Geranium maculatum.
8o. G. Robertianum.
81. Impatiens fulva.
82. Oxalis Acetosella.
83. O. stricta.
RUTACEÆ. (Rue Family.)
84. Zanthoxylum Americanum.
ANACARDIACEA. (Sumach Family.)
85. Rhus typhina.
86. R. glabra.
87. R. copallina.
88. R. venenata.
89. R. Toxicodendron.
VITACEA. (Vine Family.)
90. Vitis Labrusca.
91. V. æstivalis.
92. V. riparia.
93. Ampelopsis quinquefolia.
RHAMNACEÆ. (Buckthorn Family.)
94. Rhamnus catharticus.
95. R. alnifolius .*
96. Ceanothus Americanus.
CELASTRACEÆ. (Staff-tree Family.)
97. Celastrus scandens. SAPINDACEÆ. (Soap-berry Family.)
98. Staphylea trifolia .* 99. Acer Pennsylvanicum.
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CHESHIRE COUNTY.
100. Acer spicatum.
101. A. saccharinum.
102. A. dasycarpum.
103. A. rubrum.
POLYGALACEÆ. (Milk-wort Family.)
104. Polyglala sanguinea.
105. P. verticillata. 106. P. polygama.
107. P. pauciflora.
LEGUMINOSÆ.
(Pea Family.)
108. Trifolium arvense.
109. T. pratense.
IIO. T. repens.
III. T. agrarium.
112. T. procumbens.
II3. Melilotus alba.
114. Robinia Pseudacacia.
115. Desmodium nudiflorum.
116. D. acuminatum.
117. D. rotundifolium.
118. D. Canadense.
119. Lespeda violacea.
120. L. hirta.
12I. L. capitata.
122. Apios tuberosa.
123. Amphicarpea monoica.
I24. Cassia Marilandica.
ROSACEA.
(Rose Family.)
125. Prunus Americana.
126. P. pumila.
127. P. Pennsylvanica.
128. P. Virginiana.
129. P. serotina.
130. Spirea salicifolia.
131. S. tomentosa.
132. Agirmonia Eupatoria.
133. Geum album.
134. G. Virginianum.
135. G. rivale. 136. Potentilla Norvegica.
137. P. Canadensis.
138. P. argentea. 139. P. fruticosa. 140. P. tridentata.
141. Fragaria vesca.
I42. F. Virginiana. I43. Dalibarda repens. 3*
144. Rubus odoratus,
145. R. triflorus.
146. R. strigosus.
147. R. occidentalis.
I48. R. villosus. .
149. R. Canadensis.
150. R. hispidus.
151. Rosa Carolina.
152. R. lucida.
153. R. blanda.
154. R. rubiginosa.
155. Cratagus coccinea.
156. C. Crus-galli.
157. Pyrus arbutifolia.
158. Pyrus Americana.
159. Amelanchier Canadensis, var, Botrypium.
160. A. Canadensis, var, oblongifolia. SAXIFRAGACEÆ. (Saxifrage Family.)
161. Saxifraga Virginiensis.
162. S. Pennsylvanica.
163. Mitella diphylla.
164. Tiarella cordifolia.
165. Americanum Chrysosplenium.
CRASSULACEA. (House Leek Family.)
166. Penthorum Sedoides. 167. Sedum Telephium.
HAMAMCLACEA. (Witch Hazel Family.)
168. Hamamelis Virginica.
HALORAGEA.
(Water Milfoil Family.)
169. Proserpinaca palustris.
ONAGRACEÆ. (Evening Primrose Family.)
170. Circaa Lutetiana. 17I. C. alpina.
172. Epilobium angustifolium.
173. E. palustre, var, lineare.
174. E. coloratum.
175. Œnothera biennis.
176. Œ. pumila.
177. Ludwigia palustris. MELASTROMACEÆ.
(Deer Grass Family.) 179. Rhexia Virginica.
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CHESHIRE COUNTY.
LYTHRACEÆ. . (Loosestripe Family.)
180. Nesæa verticillata.
CUCURBITACEÆ. (Gourd Family.) 181. Echinocystis lobata. UMBELLIFERA. (Parsnip Family.)
182. Hydrocotyle Americana.
183. Sanicula Marilandica.
184. Daucus Carota.
185. Carum Carui.
186. Heracleum lanatum.
187. Pastanaca sativa.
188. Archangelica atropurpurea.
189. Thaspium aureum.
190. Cicuta maculata.
191. C. bulbifera.
192. Sium lineare.
193. Cryptotænia Canadensis.
194. Osmorrhiza brevistylis.
195. O. longistylis.
ARALIACEA. (Ginseng Family.)
196. Aralia racemosa.
197. A. hispida.
198. A. nudicaulis.
199. A. quinquefolia .*
200. A. trifolia.
CORNACEA. (Cornel Family.)
201. Cornus Canadensis.
203. C. florida.
204. C. circinata.
205. C. sericea.
206. C. paniculata.
207. C. alternifolia.
208. Nyssa sylvatica.
CAPRIFOLIACEA.
(Honeysuckle Family.)
209. Linnea borealis.
210. Symphoricarpus racemosus.
211. Lonicera parviflora.
212. L. cillialta.
213. L. cœrulea.
214. Diervilla trifida.
215. Sambucus Canadensis.
216. S. pubens.
217. Viburnum Lentago.
218. Viburnum nudum.
219. V. dentatum.
220. V. acerifolium.
22I. V. Opulus .*
222. V. lantanoides.
RUBIACEÆ. (Madder Family.)
223. Gallium asprellum.
224. G. trifidum.
225. G. triflorum.
226. G. ciræzans.
227. Cephalanthus occidentalis ..
228. Mitchella repens.
229. Houstonia cærulea.
COMPOSITE. (Composite Family.)
230. Eupatorium purpureum.
231. E. perfoliatum.
232. E. ageratoides.
234. Nardosmia palmata .*
235. Tussilago Farfara.
236. Sericocarpus conyzoides.
237. Aster corymbosus.
238. A. macrophyllus.
239. A. lævis.
240. A. undulatus.
241. A. cordifolius.
242. A. multiflorus.
243. A. 'T'radiescanti.
244. A. miser.
245. A. longifolius.
246. A. punice us.
247. A. nemoralis.
248. Erigeron Canadense.
249. E. bellidifolium *
250. E. Philadelphicum.
251. E. strigosum.
252. Diplopappus linarifolius.
253. D. umbellatus.
254. Solidago squarrosa .*
255. S. bicolor.
256. S. cæsia.
257. S. Virga-aurea, var, humilis.
258. S. aguta, var, juncea.
259. S. nemoralis.
260. S. Candensis.
261. S. serotina.
262. S. lanceolata.
263. Inula Helenium.
264. Xanthium strumarium.
265. Rhudbeckia hirta.
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CHESHIRE COUNTY. 1281029
266. Helianthus strumosus.
267. H. decapetalus.
268. Helianthus tuberosus. 269. Bidens frondosa. 270. B. connata.
27I. B. cernua.
272. Maruta Cotula.
273. Achillea Millefolium.
274. Leucanthemum vulgare.
275. Tancetum vulgare.
276. Gnaphallium decurrens.
277. G. uliginosum.
278. Antennaria margaritacea.
279. A. plantaginifolia.
280. Erechthites hieracifolia.
281. Senecio aureus.
282. Cirsium discolor.
283. C. pumilum.
284. C. arvense.
285. Lappa officinabis.
286. Cichorium Intybus.
287. Kirgia Virginica.
288. Hieracium Canadense.
289. H. scabrum.
290. H. Gronovii.
29I. H. venosum.
292. Nabalus albus.
293. N. altissimus.
294. Taraxacum Dens-leonis.
295. Lactuca Canadensis.
296. Mulgedium leucophæum.
297. Sonchus oleraceus.
298. S asper.
CAMPANULACEÆ.
(Bell-wort Family.)
299. Lobelia cardinalis.
300. L. inflata.
301. L. spicata.
302. L. Dortmanna.
304. Campanula rotundifolia.
305. C. aparinoides.
ERICACEA. (Heath Family.)
306. Gaylussica resinosa.
307. Vaccinium oxycoccus.
308. V. macrocarpon.
309. V. Vitis Idæa .* 310. V. Pennsylvanicum. 31I. V. vacillans.
312. V. corymbosum.
313. Chiogenes hispidula.
314. Arctostaphylos uva-urs
315. Epigæa repens.
316. Gaultheria procumbens.
317. Cassandra calyculata.
318. Andromeda polifolia.
319. A. ligustrina.
320. Kalmia latifolia.
321. K. angustifolia.
322. K. glauca.
323. Rhododendron nudiflorum.
324. R. Rhodora.
325. R. maximum .*
326. Ledum latifolium.
327. Pyrola rotundifolia.
328. P. elliptica.
329. P. secunda.
330. P. chlorantha.
331. Moneses uniflora.
332. Chimaphila umbellata.
334. Monotropa uniflora.
335. M. Hypopitys.
AQUIFOLIACEÆ. (Holly Family.)
336. Ilex verticillata.
337. I. lævigata.
338. Nemopanthes Canadensis. PANTAGINIÆ. (Plantain Family.)
339. Plantago major.
340. P. lanceolata.
PRIMULACEÆ (Primrose Family.) 341. Trientalis Americana.
342. Lysimachia stricta.
343. L. quadrifolia.
344. L. cilliata.
LENTIBULACEÆ. (Bladder-wort Family.)
345. Utricularia inflata.
346. U. vulgaris.
347. U. minor.
348. U. intermedia.
349. U. cornata.
350. U. purpurea .*
351. U. resupinata .*
OROBANCHACEA. (Beechdrops Family.) 352. Epiphegus Virginiana.
36
CHESHIRE COUNTY.
SCROPHULARIACEÆ. (Fig-wort Family.)
353. Verbascum Thapsus.
354. Linaria Canadensis.
355. L. vulgaris.
356. Chelone glabra.
357. Mimulus ringens.
358. Gratiola aurea.
359. Veronica Americana.
360. V. scutellata.
361. V. serpyllifolia.
362. Gerardia tenuifolia.
363. G. flava.
364. Schwalbea Americana .*
365. Pedicularis Canadensis.
366. Melampyrum Americanum.
VERBENACEA. (Verbena Family.)
367. Verbena hastata. 368. V. urticifolia. 369. Phryma Leptostachya. LABIATA. (Mint Family.)
370. Trichostema dichotomum.
371. Mentha viridis.
372. M. piperita.
373. M. Canadensis.
374. Lycopus Virginicus.
375. L. Europæus.
376. Pycnanthemum lanceolatum.
377. Hedeoma pulegioides.
378. Monarda didyma.
379. Nepeta Cataria.
380. N. Glechoma.
381. Brunella vulgaris.
382. Scutellaria galericulata.
383. S. lateriflora.
384. Leonurus Cardiaca.
BORRAGINACEÆ. (Borrage Family.)
385. Cynoglossum Morisoni. HYDROPHYLLACEAE. (Water-leaf Family.) 386. Hydrophyllum Virginicum, CONVOLVULACEÆ. (Morning-glory Family.)
387. Calystegia sepium. 388. C. spithamæ.
389. Cuscuta Gronovii.
SOLANACEA. (Night-shade Family.)
390. Solanum Dulcamara. 391. S. nigrum. 392. Datura Stramonium.
GENTIANACEÆ. (Gentian Family.)
393. Gentiana Crinita. 394. G. Andrewsii.
395. Menyanthes trifoliata.
386. Limnanthemum lacunosum.
APOCYNACEÆ. (Dogbane Family.) 397. Apocynum cannabinum. 398. A. androsæmifolium. ASCLEPIADACEAE. (Milk-weed Family.)
399. Asclepias Cornuti.
400. A. phytolaccoides.
401. A. purpurascens.
402. A. incarnata.
403. A. quadrifolia.
404. A. tuberosa.
OLEACEÆ. (Olive Family.)
405. Fraxinus Americani. 406. F. sambucifolia.
PHYTOLACCACEÆ. (Poke Family.)
407. Phytolacca decandra.
CHENOPODIACEÆ. (Goose-foot Family.)
408. Chenopodium album. 409. C. Botrys.
AMARANTACEÆ. (Amaranth Family.)
410. Amarantus retroflexus. 411. A. albus.
POLYGONACEÆ. (Joint-weed Family.)
412. Polygonum Orientale.
413. P. Pennsylvanicum.
414. P. Persicaria. 415. P. Hydropiper. 416. P. amphibium. 417. P. aviculare. 418. P. arifolium.
37
CHESHIRE COUNTY.
419. Polygonum sagittatum.
420. P. Convolvulus.
421. P. dumetorum.
422. Rumex crispus.
423. R. obtusifolius.
424. R. Patientia.
425. R. Acetosella.
LAURACEÆ. (Laurel Family.).
426. Sassafras officinale.
427. Lindera Benzoin.
THYMELEACEA. (Mezereum Family.)
428. Dirca palustris.
SANTALACEÆ. (Sandal-wood Family)
429. Comandra umbellata.
CALLITRICHACEÆ. (Starwort Family.)
430. Callitriche verna.
EUPHORBIACEÆ. (Spurge Family.)
431. Euphorbia polygonifolia.
432. E. maculata.
433. E. hypercifolia.
434. E. Cyparissus.
URTICACEÆ. (Nettle Family.) 435. Ulmus fulva.
436. U. Americana.
437. Celtis occidentalis.
438. Morus alba.
439. Urtica gracilis.
440. U. dioica.
441. Laportea Canadensis.
442. Pilea pumila.
443. Cannabis sativa.
444. Humulus Lupulus. PLATANACEÆ. (Plane tree Family.) 445. Platanus Occidentalis.
JUGLANDACEÆ. (Walnut Family.) 446 Juglans cinerea, 447 Carya alba. 448 C. porcina. +49 C. amara.
CUPULIFERÆ. (Oak Family.
450 Quercus alba.
451 Q. Prinus, var, monticola.
452 Q. ilicifolia.
453 Q. coccinea, var, tinctoria. 454 Q. rubra.
455 Costanea vulgaris, var, Ameri cana. 456 Fagus ferruginea.
457 Corylus Americana.
458 C. rostrata.
459 Ostrya Virginica.
460 Carpinus Americana. MYRICACEÆ. (Sweet Gale Family.)
461. Myrica Gale.
462. M. cerifera .*
463 Comptonia asplenifolia. BETULACEA. (Birch Family.)
464. Betula lenta.
465. B. lutea.
466. B. papyrifera.
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