USA > New Hampshire > Hillsborough County > Bedford > History of Bedford, New Hampshire, from 1737 : being statistics compiled on the occasion of the one hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the incorporation of the town, May 15, 1900 > Part 55
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Gardner Nevins, treasurer.
NAMES OF MEMBERS.
Peter P. Woodbury, John Patten, Thomas Holbrook, John Adams,
William Patten, Ralph Holbrook, Samuel Patten, Isaac Gage,
551
SOCIETIES OF BEDFORD.
Samuel Chandler,
Leonard Walker,
Leonard C. French,
Gardner Nevins, Adam Chandler,
James Walker,
Brooks Shattuck,
Sherburn Dearborn,
Ebenezer Holbrook,
Elijah C. Stevens,
Stephen French, Jr.
H. C. Parker, William P. Riddle,
John Goffe,
Solomon Manning, George Whitford.
Thomas Savage,
Officers for 1846 :
Samuel Chandler, president.
John Adams, secretary. Brooks Shattuck, treasurer.
Thomas Holbrook, vice-presidents.
Officers for 1847 :
Samuel Chandler, president. 1 John Adams, secretary. Brooks Shattuck, treasurer.
James Walker and
Thomas Holbrook, vice-presidents.
Officers for 1848 :
Samuel Chandler, president.
Peter P. Woodbury, secretary.
Adam Chandler and
Solomon Manning, treasurer.
David Atwood, vice-presidents. Officers for 1849 :
Adam Chandler, president.
James Walker and
David Atwood, vice-presidents.
Stephen French, secretary. John Adams, treasurer.
In addition to the regular officers there was a viewing committee for the purpose of investigating farms of the town, either of mem- bers of the society or others, making a written report concerning the state of the same, condition of crops, etc., and they had the privilege of making any remarks or offering any suggestions which might be fitting.
At the regular quarterly meetings of the society, which were held at the town hall, the members transacted whatever business might come before them, listened to essays and took part in discussions, a few of the topics of which were "Manures," " Reclaiming Waste Lands," " Raising Vines and Garden Vegetables," " Raising and Fat- tening of Stock," "The Best Way of Preparing, Managing, and Preserving Hay." Addresses were given from time to time by the following members of the society: Dr. Peter P. Woodbury, Rev. Thomas Savage, Mr. Brooks Shattuck, Mr. James Walker, and Mr. Thomas Holbrook.
David Crowell,
Ephraim Snow,
James Walker and
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HISTORY OF BEDFORD.
Hon. Isaac Hill and Levi Bartlett, Esq., delivered lectures for the benefit of the farmers.
The object of " The Agricultural and Mechanical Society " was to increase the knowledge of the farmers in their occupation, as well as to cultivate their minds, improve their surroundings, and be a help to the community in which they lived ; and although the society was short-lived it paved the way for other societies with similar aims.
Late in the fifties there came to Bedford a man named Heywood with a recipe for making a fertilizer which he called "tafu." He opened a school of instruction in the town house, to which members were admitted who had bought his recipe. The price was five dol- lars. He claimed for his compound that its use would render farm manure entirely unnecessary. He would not cart it out for it. His plan was to save the liquid manures but to discard the solids. He sold a large number of recipes in the neighborhood. For a few years some of our farmers followed his teachings in this regard but do so now no longer.
After the formal and regular meetings of the "Agricultural and Mechanical Society " were discontinued, meetings of the Bedford farmers were held at various times under the auspices of the State Agricultural society. They were attended by farmers from neigh- boring towns, and were addressed by John D. Lyman of Exeter, Colonel Clough of Canterbury, Joseph Kidder and James O. Adams of Manchester, and others. Mr. John A. Riddle of Bedford pre- pared and read a paper on " Sterility is Laid."
Mr. Thomas G. Holbrook was a frequent speaker and contributed freely to the discussions of the meetings. Brooks Shattuck was also prominent as a speaker. At one meeting the attendance was so large that the upper floor of the town house gave signs of weakness. The company were at dinner and were obliged to leave the building for fear of its collapse. This was a moving cause for tearing down the old and erecting the new town house. When the old town house was torn down it was found that the tenons of timbers of the second floor were kept in their places by not over two inches.
There were also meetings of the Bedford lyceum, a society com- posed of the younger people of the town who met to discuss topics of general interest aside from purely agricultural questions. No record is preserved of their organization. They discussed such topics as " Is theory better than practice ?"
With the outbreak of the war in 1861 meetings for purposes of
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SOCIETIES OF BEDFORD.
general discussion were succeeded by " war meetings," as they were called. They were devoted to speeches calculated to rouse and sus- tain patriotic sentiment in the town. They were usually held in the town house, sometimes in the church, and were very largely attended. When the war was over meetings of the lyceum were again held, and public discussions of various general topics not of agricultural interest only was had.
From some papers of the Lyceum association it is learned that in 1870 W. W. Wilkins was its president, and J. E. French secre- tary. In 1872 George W. Goffe was president, Mrs. F. R. French secretary, and W. C. Parker treasurer. Here is a partial, at least, list of members :
D. B. Barnard,
John Foster,
Mrs. J. T. Kendall,
C. E. Bursiel,
John Gillis,
Emily B. Kendall,
Hattie A. Bursiel,
T. Goffe,
T. F. Kendall,
Mary Cutler,
Stephen Goffe,
Ella F. Kendall,
S. C. Damon,
S. Gilmore,
I. H. Johnson,
Mary A. Damon,
E. Gault,
Henry M. Mathews,
Lewis A. Dudley,
Annie S. Goffe, H. C. Parker,
S. C. Duncklee,
G. W. Goffe, R. M. Rollins,
J. Ed. French,
Florence Goffe,
E. I. Sherburne,
A. J. French,
Mrs. Rob't Hawthorne, Lanette Spurling,
G. M. French,
Mr. Hadley,
Ira C. Tyson,
M. F. French,
Mrs. Hadley,
W. M. Wilkins.
T. Ferguson,
O. L. Kendall,
No thorough or distinctive organization of the farmers was made, however, until the National Grange came into existence in 1873.
NATIONAL GRANGE.
The National Grange was permanently organized at Georgetown, D. C., in January, 1873, by Brother O. H. Kelley of Minnesota, who was at one time secretary of the National Grange. The idea of a national organization was first crudely conceived more than five years before.
In its principles, the National Grange would endorse the motto : "In essentials, unity; in non-essentials, liberty ; in all things, char- ity." Objects : "To systematize work and calculate intelligently on probabilities; meeting together, talking together, buying together, selling together, acting together for mutual protection and advance- ment, as occasion may require; to induce friendly relations in busi- ness, remembering that 'Individual happiness depends upon gen- eral prosperity'; to advance the cause of education among its members and extend the same to associates."
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HISTORY OF BEDFORD.
The ultimate object of this organization is for mutual instruction and protection; to lighten labor by diffusing a knowledge of its aims and purposes, expand the mind by tracing the beautiful laws the Great Creator has established in the universe, and to enlarge views of creative wisdom and power.
The National Grange is composed of the masters and past masters of the state granges, and their wives or husbands, if fourth degree members in good standing who have taken the degree of Pomona, and the officers and members of the executive committee of the National Grange.
Any person engaged in agricultural pursuits and having no inter- est in conflict with the purposes of the order, may become a member, after having been proposed, elected (paying the usual fee) and com- plying with the rules and regulations of the order.
The object of the order is the promotion of agricultural and other kindred pursuits by inducing cooperation among farmers and those alike interested for their mutual benefit and improvement. The grange is in no way a political or party organization.
The first national officers after incorporation were as follows :
Master, Dudley W. Adams, Waukon, Iowa; overseer, Thomas Taylor, Columbia, S. C .; lecturer, T. A. Thompson, Plainview, Minn .; steward, A. J. Vaughan, Early Grove, Miss .; assistant stew- ard, G. W. Thompson, North Brunswick, N. J .; chaplain, A. B. Grosh, Washington, D. C .; treasurer, F. M. McDowell, Wayne, N. Y .; secretary, O. H. Kelley, Washington, D. C .; Flora, J. C. Ab- bott, Clarksville, Iowa; lady assistant steward, Miss C. A. Hall, Washington, D. C.
After five years' hard labor, and when efforts were being crowned with success, Mr. Kelley's associates, having lost their early enthu- siasm and interest, dropped off one by one and left him completely alone. But not to be discouraged by this he met the discourage- ments bravely until other associates in the work should appear. He organized and kept up the work, knowing no such word as fail.
NEW HAMPSHIRE STATE GRANGE.
The New Hampshire State Grange was organized Tuesday, De- cember 23, 1873, and incorporated December 22, 1875. There had been seventeen granges organized in the state, and the State Grange was composed of representatives of fifteen of the subordinate granges.
Officers were elected as follows:
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SOCIETIES OF BEDFORD.
Master, Dudley T. Chase ; overseer, Charles H. De Rochment ; lecturer, John D. Lyman ; steward, L. T. Sanborn; assistant stew- ard, I. A. Reed ; chaplain, J. F. Keyes ; treasurer, David M. Clough ; secretary, C. C. Shaw; Flora, Mrs. A. B. Tallant; lady assistant steward, Mrs. L. T. Sanborn.
C. C. Shaw was appointed general deputy for the state, which position he held by reappointment until December, 1879. The first subordinate grange in New Hampshire was organized at Exeter in August, 1873, with the late Brother John D. Lyman as first master.
The voting membership of the State Grange consists of masters, with their wives or husbands, of seventeen Pomona and 257 subor- dinate granges. If the master of any grange is unable to attend the annual meeting, a delegate is chosen, who, with wife or husband, attends in his stead.
POMONA GRANGE.
The Pomona Grange is a county institution composed of masters and past masters of subordinate granges, and their wives or husbands who are fourth degree members, and such fourth degree members as may be recommended by the subordinate granges as qualified to membership in the county grange.
County granges have the oversight of education and business interests of the order in their respective districts, and encourage, strengthen, and aid the subordinate granges.
Hillsborough County Pomona Grange, No. 1, was organized April 17, 1883, with 242 charter members, for the above-named purposes. Previously there existed the Hillsborough county council, which was a semi-public institution, and not strictly a branch of the order of Patrons of Husbandry.
There are thirty-six subordinate granges represented in Hills- borough County Pomona Grange, and by meeting frequently with the several subordinate granges the Pomona has increased the in- terest in grange work, and has made its power and influence felt in many ways.
NARRAGANSETT GRANGE.
January 16, 1875, several persons met at the vestry in Bedford Center and formed an association, to be called Narragansett Grange, No. 46, Patrons of Husbandry. The grange had thirty-three charter members, fourteen of whom are members at the present time.
556
HISTORY OF BEDFORD.
Charter members :
Solomon Manning,
Milton N. Flint,
Samuel E. Morrison,
Mrs. Anstrice P. Manning,
Hugh R. Barnard,
Mrs. Abby Conner,
Willard C. Parker,
Mrs. Cornelia B. Flint,
John Ferguson,
Mrs. Sarah L. Parker,
Stephen Goffe,
Mrs. Annie S. Goffe,
William F. Conner,
Mrs. Fannie Flint,
Albert L. Flint,
Mrs. Nancy Barnard,
George Flint,
Mrs. Susan S. Campbell,
Henry Brewer,
Horace Townsend,
Mrs. Mary Parkhurst,
George H. Wiggin,
Mrs. H. L. Barnard,
Elbridge J. Campbell,
Miss Martha Barnard,
Quincy Barnard,
Miss Eunice Stevens,
Joseph S. Parkhurst,
Miss Eliza Barnard,
David R. Barnard,
Henry T. Barnard,
Silas A. Riddle.
The following named persons were elected to office, and District Deputy C. C. Shaw of Milford instructed the members in the work of the order :
Master, Solomon Manning; overseer, Samuel E. Morrison ; stew- ard, Joseph S. Parkhurst; assistant steward, Quincy Barnard; lady assistant steward, Mrs. Sarah L. Parker ; chaplain, Willard C. Parker ; treasurer, Henry T. Barnard; secretary, Hugh R. Barnard; gate- keeper, Stephen Goffe; Ceres, Mrs. Annie Goffe; Pomona, Mrs. Anstrice P. Manning; Flora, Mrs. Susan S. Campbell.
The specific objects of the grange are to develop a better and higher manhood and womanhood among its members; to foster mutual understanding and cooperation; to act together for mutual protection and advancement; to secure entire harmony, good will, and brotherhood; to suppress personal, local, and national preju- dices, all unhealthy rivalry, and selfish ambition ; to reduce expenses, both individual and corporate ; to promote the welfare and increase the influence of patrons by daily example, and not by precept only ; to cultivate the intellectual tastes, and promote the sociability; to relieve any of the oppressed and suffering brotherhood by any means at its command ; to inculcate a proper appreciation of the abilities and sphere of woman; thus, united by the strong and faithful tie of agriculture, to mutually labor for the good of the order, our country, and mankind.
Narragansett Grange has tried to accomplish these objects by a proper adherence to the rules and regulations, and has endeavored
Mrs. Emeline Townsend,
557
SOCIETIES OF BEDFORD.
to arouse a greater interest in the grange, its work, and the work of its individual members.
Knowledge has been increased by the discussion of different questions pertaining to farming interests; members of the grange have been benefited morally, socially, and intellectually by social intercourse ; they have lengthened their chain of friendship by acquaintance with other granges. Thus the grange has become a school where all deserving persons of the town may come, if they will, for improvement.
Officers are elected at the first meeting in December, and installed in the month of January following.
It is customary in case of death of a brother or sister of the order for the master to appoint a committee whose duty it is to draft reso- lutions, which are read before the grange, adopted, copied in the record book, and a copy sent to the bereaved family.
The time of meeting was in the beginning twice a month, on Thursday evening, but was afterward designated as once a month, Thursday evening, on or before the full of the moon, and the time was subsequently changed to two weeks thereafter, the reason for this being a desire to get together more frequently, and the time was finally changed to the first and third Thursday evenings of each month, also the fifth if there is one, and so it remains at the present time.
During the year 1875 the membership was increased by sixteen new applicants, making a total of 49, December 31, 1875.
Officers for the year 1876:
Master, Solomon Manning; overseer, Albert L. Flint ; chaplain, George H. Wiggin; steward, Joseph S. Parkhurst; assistant stew- ard, William F. Conner ; lecturer, Samuel E. Morrison ; treasurer, Henry T. Barnard ; secretary, Silas A. Riddle; gate-keeper, Stephen Goffe; lady assistant steward, Mrs. Emeline Townsend; Ceres, Mrs. Annie Goffe; Pomona, Miss Martha Barnard; Flora, Miss Lizzie Wiggin.
On the evening of January 30, 1876, Past Master Ward Parker of Merrimack installed the officers, and all partook of the Harvest Feast, the first of which there is any record.
The first record of a discussion is found in the minutes of Novem- ber 23, 1876, the disputants being Hugh R. Barnard, Freeman R. French, Mrs. Annie S. Goffe, and Mrs. Sarah L. Parker, affirmative ; George H. Wiggin, Henry T. Barnard, Mrs. Emeline Townsend, and Solomon Manning, negative.
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HISTORY OF BEDFORD.
The question was: Resolved, That the right of suffrage should be conferred upon the ladies.
The officers for 1877 were :
Master, Solomon Manning; overseer, Albert L. Flint; lecturer, George H. Wiggin ; steward, Joseph S. Parkhurst; assistant stew- ard, William F. Conner ; chaplain, Freeman R. French; treasurer, Henry T. Barnard; secretary, Silas A. Riddle; gate-keeper, Stephen Goffe; lady assistant steward, Mrs. Emeline Townsend ; Ceres, Mrs. Annie Goffe ; Pomona, Miss Martha D. Barnard ; Flora, Miss Lizzie Wiggin.
During the third year of the grange great progress was made in a financial way. The first few years that the grange existed the officers were exceptionally faithful to their duties, and few were absent from the meetings.
In 1877 the members discussed such questions as were helpful to the farmers. Some of them were,-" The Potato Beetle," "Hard Times," etc. Theodore Goffe delivered a lecture in the grange, "Overland Route from Missouri River to California," which was interesting and instructive. George W. Goffe gave a lecture on Robert Burns, which was a studied and interesting production.
Twenty-one members had been added to the roll and one had been lost by death, leaving a total membership of 77, December 31, 1877.
The grange was first called upon to mourn the loss of a com- panion in the spring of 1877, the occasion of this sorrow being the death of Brother James T. Kendall.
Officers for 1878 :
Master, George H. Wiggin; overseer, William F. Conner; lec- turer, Hugh R. Barnard; steward, Horace Townsend; assistant steward, Byron T. Atwood; chaplain, Samuel Seavey; treasurer, Milton N. Flint; secretary, Silas A. Riddle; gate-keeper, Theodore A. Goffe; lady assistant steward, Mrs. Annie S. Goffe ; Flora, Mrs. Emeline Townsend; Pomona, Miss Lizzie McAffee; Ceres, Mrs. Mary Parkhurst.
Installation took place January 3, 1878, the ceremony being conducted by Past Master Solomon Manning, assisted by Willard C. Parker.
This was a prosperous year, and beside paying all expenses new supplies were added in the kitchen. Much interest was taken in essays and discussions, and the sisters edited several papers during the year.
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SOCIETIES OF BEDFORD.
Officers of 1879 were installed by State Master Dudley Chase of Claremont, as follows :
Master, Solomon Manning; overseer, William F. Conner; lec- turer, Nathaniel B. Hull; steward, Horace Townsend; assistant steward, Clinton Bixby; chaplain, Samuel Seavey; treasurer, Milton N. Flint ; secretary, Silas A. Riddle; gate-keeper, E. Camp- bell; Ceres, Mrs. Augusta French; Pomona, Adeline C. Leland ; Flora, Mrs. Addie E. Hull; lady assistant steward, Mrs. Sarah E. Parker.
During the first few years of the grange it was customary to have social functions at the homes of different brothers and sisters, some- times by invitation, and at other times going to surprise their friends. Usually supper would be served, followed by a real old- fashioned good time.
Past Master George A. Wason installed the officers for 1880, as follows :
Master, Hugh R. Barnard ; overseer, Willard C. Parker; lecturer, Quincy Barnard; steward, Clinton H. Bixby; assistant steward, George H. Wiggin, Jr .; chaplain, Solomon Manning ; treasurer, Mil- ton N. Flint; secretary, George H. Wiggin ; gate-keeper, Timothy Townsend; Ceres, Mrs. Anstrice P. Manning; Pomona, Miss Mary E. Manning; Flora, Mrs. Sarah L. Parker; lady assistant steward, Mrs. Annie H. Farley.
Memorial day, 1880, the members of the grange formed a pro- cession and marched to the cemetery to assist in decorating the soldiers' graves and taking part in the exercises. This was the first time the grange had observed the day in a creditable manner.
Much interest was taken in the discussions of the year, some of the subjects being: "Planting and Grafting Trees," "Raising, Har- vesting, and Marketing Fruit," "Corn," "Potatoes, Butter, and Cheese."
This year closed with a membership of 105, eight having been gained and one lost by death.
Officers for 1881 :
Master, Willard C. Parker; overseer, Nathan W. Brown; lec- turer, Quincy Barnard ; steward, Charles P. Farley; assistant stew- ard, George H. Wiggin, Jr .; chaplain, Solomon Manning ; treasurer, Milton N. Flint; secretary, George H. Wiggin ; gate-keeper, Tim- othy Townsend; Pomona, Mrs. Anstrice P. Manning; Flora, Mrs. Sarah L. Parker; Ceres, Mrs. C. P. Farley; lady assistant steward, Miss Etta L. Mace.
This installation was private. Until this time the installations
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HISTORY OF BEDFORD.
had been public to friends and the members of patrons' families. Worthy State Master George A. Wason, assisted by State Secretary William H. Stinson, installed the officers.
Narragansett Grange held its first fair Thursday evening, March 10, 1881.
Some of the questions for discussion were : "How Can We Best Support the Principles of the Order?" "How Best to Prepare the Products of the Farm for Market?" "Deep and Shallow Plough- ing." "Can the Bearing Year of Fruit Trees be Changed ?" "Poul- try on the Farm as a Source of Income; What Breeds to Keep." " Pears for Home Use and for Market."
Officers for 1882 were installed as follows:
Master, Willard C. Parker; overseer, Nathan W. Brown; lec- turer, Quincy Barnard; steward, Charles P. Farley ; assistant stew- ard, George H. Wiggin, Jr. ; chaplain, Solomon Manning; treasurer, Milton N. Flint ; secretary, Mrs. Sarah L. Parker; gate-keeper, Tim- othy Townsend ; Pomona, Mrs. C. P. Farley; Flora, Miss Ella D. McAffee ; Ceres, Mrs. Nathan W. Brown ; lady assistant steward, Miss Hattie F. Manning.
Discussions this year were of especial interest to the farmers : "Cattle, Breeds for the Dairy, the Butcher, and for General Pur- poses." "What Advantages have Farmers Derived from Adopting New Machinery and New Methods ?" "Building and Repairing of Roads." "Does it Pay for New Hampshire Farmers to Invest in Commercial Fertilizers ?" "A Farmer's or a Mechanic's Life,- which Offers the Most Inviting Prospects and which is Most Profit- able ?" "The Game Laws,-Are they what the Farmer Needs ?"
Officers elected and installed for 1883:
Master, Willard C. Parker; overseer, Nathan W. Brown ; lec- turer, Mrs. Maria J. Mitchell; steward, Charles P. Farley ; assistant steward, Reuben P. Stevens; chaplain, Henry L. Peaslee; treasurer, Milton N. Flint ; secretary, Mrs. Sarah L. Parker ; gate-keeper, Tim- othy Townsend; Pomona, Mrs. Mary A. Gove; Flora, Mrs. Sarah L. Barnard ; Ceres, Mrs. N. W. Brown ; lady assistant steward, Miss Hattie F. Manning.
Officers for 1884 :
Master, Charles P. Farley; overseer, George F. Barnard; lec- turer, Mrs. F. Plummer; steward, Newton I. Peaslee; assistant steward, Reuben P. Stevens; chaplain, Henry L. Peaslee; treasurer, Milton N. Flint; secretary, Mary A. Gove; gate-keeper, Timothy Townsend; Pomona, Mrs. Della Shepard; Flora, Miss Ella D. Palmer; Ceres, Mrs. C. P. Farley; lady assistant steward, Miss Hattie L. Stevens.
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SOCIETIES OF BEDFORD.
Installation by past state master, assisted by Past Master Willard C. Parker of this grange.
Discussions of the year were of the following subjects : "Fruit and its Adaptation to Bedford." "Feeding of Stock." "Is a Far- mer's Organization Necessary ?" "What are the Financial Pros- pects of the Farmers of Bedford for the Next Five Years?"
Officers for 1885 :
Master, Charles P. Farley ; overseer, Eddy W. Stevens; lecturer, Mrs. Annie S. Goffe; steward, Frank E. Manning; assistant stew- ard, Frank W. Tolford; chaplain, Henry L. Peaslee; treasurer, Mil- ton N. Flint; secretary, Mary A. Gove; gate-keeper, George F. Shepard; Pomona, Mrs. Della Shepard ; Flora, Mrs. William P. Shepard ; Ceres, Mrs. C. P. Farley; lady assistant steward, Miss Mattie Cutler.
The tenth anniversary of the organization was observed by a meeting for the purpose, January 16, 1885, at which time the officers were duly installed by District Deputy Kimball Webster, assisted by State Secretary N. J. Bachelder.
Questions for discussion were : "How shall we Best Improve the Hours Spent Here ?" "Silos and Ensilage."
Officers for 1886 were installed by District Deputy Kimball Web- ster, assisted by Past Master C. P. Farley of this grange :
Master, Eddy W. Stevens; overseer, John F. Gove; lecturer, Mrs. Addie E. Hull; steward, Frank E. Manning ; assistant steward, Frank W. Tolford; chaplain, Nathaniel B. Hull ; treasurer, Solomon Manning; secretary, Mary A. Gove ; gate-keeper, Wilder J. Prince ; Pomona, Martha J. Prince ; Flora, Martha D. Barnard ; Ceres, Nella A. Stevens ; lady assistant steward, Hattie F. Manning.
Officers for 1887 :
Master, Eddy W. Stevens; overseer, John F. Gove; lecturer, Mrs. Addie E. Hull; steward, Frank E. Manning ; assistant steward, G. Allen Putnam; chaplain, Henry L. Peaslee; treasurer, Charles P. Farley ; secretary, Willard C. Parker and William F. Conner ; gate-keeper, Timothy Townsend; Pomona, Mrs. Angeline Camp- bell ; Flora, Martha D. Barnard ; Ceres, Mrs. Nella A. Stevens ; lady assistant steward, Mrs. Hattie L. Esterbrooks.
State Master Charles McDaniel, assisted by Past Master R. D. Gay of Amoskeag Grange, installed the officers.
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