USA > New Hampshire > Cheshire County > Gilsum > History of the town of Gilsum, New Hampshire, from 1752 to 1879 > Part 21
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The Factory lay idle till 1844, when it was bought by Milton Silsby of Acworth, who con- tinued to run it till 1852. During this time it was burned, and rebuilt. (Page 47.)
When the Silsbys came they bought an additional water privilege up the river, where they built the present dam, in 1844. In the first mill they manufactured about 600 yards of Cassi- mere per week. In the new one they doubled the amount. Tlic first mill stood facing the north. The new one faced the west, having the tower in front of its center, with a small bell costing only $100. In 1855, the Silsbys sold to Solomon Dean who continued business till it was again burned in 1858. (Page 47.) He then sold to the Tannery company.
In 1833, Joseph Upton and Harrison G. Howe hired the Starch Factory of Luther Abbot, and putting in machinery began the manufacture of colored flannels. Mr. Howe sold the next year to John Fletcher, and went into company with David Brigham. Upton and Fletcher continucd business till 1838. John Townsend then hired the Factory and carried on the same business till 1845, when George Learoyd and Thomas Townsend bought. They kept on making flannels till 1847. John Scribner and Jonathan Winch hired it in 1849, and made flannels for a little more than a year.
In 1865, Wright, Cornell and Lyman proposed to build a large woolen mill where Dart's saw- mill now stands, and induced the citizens to form a Stock Company for that purpose. Some of the timber was got out and the foundation partly laid, but as they neglected to give the security which the company required, the work stopped, the citizens who were engaged in it losing about three dollars on a share.
The same parties then took down the old Abbot Factory and built the present structure. They made flannel there about three months, when they failed and the work eeased.
In 1867, the firm of Cuthbert, Gould and Minor bought, and have carried on the flannel business here ever since. The firm is now Cuthbert and Minor, Mr. Gould having left in 1872. In the year ending June, 1873, they manufactured 127,125 yards of flannel. In 1878, they inade extensive repairs, putting in new and improved machinery, and are now turning out about 50,000 yards of flannel per week, and employ from 15 to 20 hands. Sinee 1867, the establish- ment has been known as " The Granite Mill."
In 1836, John Thurston and Lyman Gerould hired a small mill where Collins's Factory now is, and set up the flannel business. About two years after, Isaac Wallis and Arnold B. Hutchin- son were in the company. In 1840, it passed into the hands of Faulkner and Colony of Keene.
140
GILSUM.
Charles S. Faulkner personally superintended the business for two years. Gerould and Weth- erby began business there in 1842. In 1845, they removed the old mill to the river bank across the road, for a Boarding House, and built the mill now in use. In 1848, the company to whom their goods were consigned at Boston failed, and they were obliged to suspend business for about two months. Parks, Baldwin and Parks of Boston took the property, and employed Lyman Geronld and Kendall Nichols to work up the stock on hand. In 1849, Ebenezer Jones eame from Acworth, and soon after bought the Factory, and continued the manufacture of woolens for nearly eight years. He employed from 16 to 20 hands. In the Census of 1850, he reported $15,000 eapital invested, and a yearly production of 14,000 yards of Broad Cloth valued at $24,500.
In 1857, Joshua and Thomas Ward bought, and began business, but soon failed, and sold to Seth and William Ward, who kept on for about three years, under the name of the Ashuelot Manufacturing Co., when it fell into the hands of Henshaw Ward of Boston. During the war, army blankets were manufactured here by Lewis Wright.
In 1867, the Wards sold to Stephen Collins and Sons. They put in new machinery, and manufactured Doeskin, Beaver, and Trieot, to the amount of about $100,000 annually. Since 1872, it has been run by John S. Collins, produeing Cassimeres, all wool and worsted suitings. He employs 35 hands, with a monthly pay-roll of about $1500, produeing the present year the value of $125,000.
About 1830, Aaron Day put a earding machine into the upper part of his mill, where he did "eustom work " for nearly ten years. The same set of eards was then put into Luther Abbot's old mill, and run by him till he removed to Stoddard in 1846.
TANNERIES.
The first tanning in town was done by Obadiah Wileox, who had some vats near the brook southwest of his house. Having no means for grinding bark, he prepared it for use by threshing it with a flail.
In 1827, John Taylor set up the business on Mill Brook, a little northeast of the house now owned by the widow MeCoy. In 1838, he sold out and went West. Elcazer M. Poor followed him in the same business, but failed and left in 1840.
In 1841, Jonathan Rawson of Alstead hired the place and carried on the business two years.
In 1849, George B. Rawson bought the saw-mill of George W. Newman, and established a Tannery. He and his brothers continued the business for about fifteen years, having bought out the whole privilege after the Factory was burned in 1857. Their Tannery was burned in 1860, (Page 47,) after which they rebuilt and enlarged the business. Nelson, Rice, and Rawson took the establishment in 1864. Mr. Nelson having died, the firm is now Riee and Rawson. When business is aetive, they employ about 15 hands, with a monthly pay-roll of $6700, and turning off about 13,000 hides yearly.
BRICK-YARDS.
At first, the chimneys were built of stone. Old eellars are now marked by a large pile of stones which formed the chimney. One such is still in use, in the house of John Davis. As they began to build framed houses, the early settlers sought out clay, and burned briek. The enormons size of the old chimneys warranted the setting up a brick-yard to build a single house.
It is altogether probable there were a number of such briek-yards of which all traee and remembranee is lost. John Bingham had one southeast of Mason Guillow's orehard. There was a brick-yard on the flat near the brook, southwest of Darius Porter's, probably owned by one of
141
INDUSTRIES.
the Darts. There was another just south of Mrs. Dean's. About 1806, Silvanus Hayward made brick where Newman's store now stands. There was a brick-yard for many years on the flat south of the road just east of the Dart Brook, near Mr. Kingsbury's, where he made the brick for his own house and for the School House. The last brick made in town was about 1830, by David and Elijah Ware, Jr. Their yard was near where Herbert E. Adams's new house stands.
BLACKSMITHS.
The number of Blacksmiths in Gilsum has been very large, and it is not probable that the following list is complete. The first was probably Theodore Preston who settled on a five-acre lot near Dr. Hosmer's. The use of this lot was given by the Proprietors. A Boynton worked there a short time after Preston. Daniel Wright was one of the early blacksmiths and liad his shop near wliere Edward Loiselle lives.
Ziba Ware, Levi Hardy, Theophilus Eveleth and still later Silas Woods carried on the busi- ness at the same place. Ziba Ware afterwards lived where Milton J. Stearns now resides, and had a shop just north of the road to George Wright's. (Map 110.) Timothy Dort liad a shop a little south of his house where he did a large business. (Map 362.) His son Timothy, known as Capt. Dort, followed the same business, both here and afterwards at the village.
Early in the present century, Solomon Woods carried on blacksmithing at the lower village, and afterwards on the old Pease place in the south part of the town. His shop stood west of Day's store, and he had a trip-hammer on the brook below Mrs. Gates's. I have found no tradi- tion or remembrance of this trip-hammer, but the passage to and from it is reserved in decds of 1806-7.
The Days built a shop near the same placc, (Map 352,) which was used by many workmen, among whom were a Boynton, Thomas T. Wetherbee, John Parmenter, and Zenas D. Metcalf.
John Burroughs was a blacksmith in the Factory Village, about 1821-4. He had a shop near Mrs. McCoy's house, which he moved to where Jacob Nashi's house is, and put in a wheel to blow the bellows. He had another shop a little north of the elm between the roads at the head of the street.
Thomas T. Chapin bought out Mr. Burroughs and employed Tower Spear, Benjamin Eaton, and perhaps others. Tower Spear made " potato diggers," being assisted by Thomas T. Wether- bee and others. Nathaniel Trask was a blacksmith here about the same time.
John Harris had a shop a few rods north of Smith's Tavern. (Map 80.) He was probably the most skilful of Gilsum blacksmiths, easily keeping time with another workman, while shift- ing his sledge so as to strike alternate blows with each hand. He employed Phinehas Moor and others.
John Borden made nails in a shop near number 391. Enoch B. Mayo built the shop (Map 348,) now owned by Capt. Chandler, and worked there for about six years. Marvin Bigelow and others worked with him.
David Dcan made nails and edge-tools on the place where Harvey Bates lives.
Eleazer Wilcox had a shop near his house where he did his own blacksmithing. (Map 353.)
Chilion Mack built a shop where he made awls, about 1830. It stood a little northeast of Dea. Brigham's barn, and was afterwards moved, and made into the house now owned by the widow Beckwith.
Zenas D. Metcalf carried on blacksmithing at various places for many years. He had a shop for a time, just south of Mrs. Dean's. (Map 361.)
142
GILSUM.
Luke Houghton had a shop near the maple tree by the road north of the old Hendee house. (Map 360.) He worked here from 1856 to 1866 when he removed to where he now resides.
Philip R. Howard was a blacksmith and worked in various places. He and his brother George had a shop where they made hammers, a little west of the house where Samuel W. Dart lives. (Map 196.)
George S. Howard also had a hammer shop near Collins's Factory. (Chap. 37.)
About 1840, Luther Abbot put up a shop below the road near the Learoyd Brook and let it to Philip R. Howard. (Map 372.) About 1858, Mr. Howard had a shop on Mill Brook, above Alpheus Chapin's, ( Map 185,) and still later at the north end of Kansas. (Map 168.)
George Stevens worked for several years in Capt. Chandler's shop. In 1876, he built the shop opposite Brake Hill, now occupied by Eugene Carpenter. (Map 346.) Byron J. Mullins now carries on the business in Capt. Chandler's shop,
In 1876, George W. Newman built a shop. (Map 347,) where his son Dudley carried on blacksmithing and carriage-making for a year or two, and then let it to Byron Alexander and his son Frank. In 1879, Charles H. Lamphere hired the upper part for a wheelwright shop.
Among other blacksmiths have been Amos Weeks, Samuel Ham, Alvin A. Beckwith, and James Bates.
CARPENTERS. - Of carpenters and joiners there have been a large number. Many who never served any regular apprenticeship have worked at the trade. Only a very imperfect list can be given. Moses Belding is the first whose name has been mentioned to me as a carpenter. Daniel Day of Keene built a good many houses in Gilsum before 1800. Others are Stephen White, Gilbert Carson, Stephen Mansfield, Stephen Cross, Abram C. Wyman, Joseph Clark, Calvin C. Bingham, Thomas Howard, F. A. Howard, David A. Roundy, Allen Hayward, James Pickering, J. Q. Pickering, Lucius R. Guillow, John J. Isham.
SHOEMAKERS. - The early shoemakers went from house to house, mending old shoes, and making up the year's stock of new ones. This was called " whipping the cat," and was kept up to considerable extent till within about forty years of the present time. It was not uncommon for men who owned farms, to make shoes in the Winter, both at their own homes and at their neighbors'. Of this class was Israel Loveland and probably many others. His brother Aaron Loveland was a shoemaker by trade. He had but one hand, and his wife did the sewing for him. Another still earlier shoemaker was William Lamb. The first shoe shop in Gilsum was built about 1822, by William Banks, a little north of where Day's store stands. When the store was built about 1833, this shop was moved to the south side of the road opposite Stephen Day's. In 1877, it was again moved to the north side of the road near the barn, and turned into a carpen- ter shop.
In 1828, John Taylor built a two-story shoe shop in what is now S. W. Dart's garden, just south of Dr. Webster's house. (Map 194.) The lower part was used as a currier's shop by Samuel White from Alstead. It has been moved to the Marlow road and is now occupied as a dwelling house by Byron Alexander. (Map 269.) Willard Hassall was Taylor's forcman in shoemaking. Levi Gates was a well-known shoemaker here for many years. He worked in the Banks shop, when it stood south of the street. Loren Loveland worked at shoemaking in the chambers of what is now N. O. Hayward's store. A. W. Kingsbury came here from Sullivan in 1835, and Amherst Hayward built for him that year, the shop in which he and his son Samuel still carry on the shoe business. (Map 201.) This was long known as "the red shop." Its
upper story has been occupied by various tenants.
143
INDUSTRIES.
There have been many transient shoemakers working for A. W. Kingsbury or others, the list of whom it is now difficult to give. Oliver B. Kent learned the trade of Loren Loveland in 1836-7. Charles Newman worked with Mr. Kingsbury in 1848.
TAILORS so far as ascertained, have been Mrs. Lucy Hammond, William Parker, Gideon W. Huntress, and Eliza Bragg.
STORES. - Probably the first " store " in Gilsum was kept by John Mark. (Chap. 32.) The following extracts from his account books will be of interest. The first is the account of Pela- tiah Pease, dated November, 1792 : -
1 Book for to learn to fife .
6s 8d 2d
1 qt Cider
3 needles
1d
quoir of paper .
7d
1 glass of rum
2d
1 mug of tody
1s 2d
1 bole of tody
6d
1 pare of verses
6d
James Ballard, Dec. 1792 £
Suit of trooping clothes
1 4/
1 Coat
4/
1 Coat & breaches
6/6
3 jackets
66
From other accounts about this time we find that Beef was £1 per hundred, "Turkeys, 2/6 pr Peace," West India Rum, 8s. per gallon, Brandy 1s. a quart, Tea 2/ 10 to 3/ a pound, " Ribing 1/8 a yard," " Codfish fresh / 3" a pound, "Shugar 1/" a pound, Butter /7 a pound, &c. Salt varied from 1 4 to 8/6 a bushel.
One charge I have been able to find no explanation of. It is to Elijah Bond, Nov. 1792. "1 rate for the poor man 1/1/1 qr "
It is probable that a store was established very early at the " Mills," but the first of which any certain knowledge is now at hand, was by Stephen Griswold, early in the present century. His account books show that at least three-fourths of his trade was in rum.
He charged 20 cts for " a mug of flip or toddy." In 1809 half a yard of "Callico " is charged at 30 cts. Flour was 4} cents a pound - " a Shall, 5/" - Maple sugar ninepence a pound. A glass of rum was 4 cents - a Gill, 8 cents -- Wool 2/ a pound-"half an ounce of Camphire " 21 cents - Corn 50 cents a bushel, - Wheat 84 cents.
Jonathan Pease also had a store in the upper part of the Mill. Lemuel Bingham kept store for a time in Dea. Pease's house, and afterwards in the house where Dr. Webster lives. There were probably others of which we have no account.
About 1826, Samuel Woodward had a store in Smith's Tavern for a short time.
In 1829, Jehiel and Daniel Day opened a store in the Factory Village. They carried on an extensive business for several years, till they removed to the West.
In 1833, Franklin W. Day & Co. built the store at the Lower Village, and had a large amount of custom not only in Gilsum, but from the neighboring towns. At Mr. Day's death in 1849, this store was closed, and has not since been opened. These stores, as indeed all others, till as late as 1840, made their principal profit from the sale of New England Rum. This was the grand staple, and one of the greatest obstacles to the Temperance movement was that no merchant thought he could live by trade, without selling rum.
Amherst Hayward bought the stand of J. and D. Day, and in 1839, let it to Luther Abbot. About a year later, Ezra Webster hired it, and continued in trade here for seven years. The store remained closed for two years, when Dr. Webster and Ebenezer Jones took the business. After six years Mr. Jones sold to N. O. Hayward and F. A. Howard. This firm traded two years, when Dr. Webster withdrew, and the others continued the business six years. Then A. D.
144
GILSUM.
Hammond bought out Mr. Howard. Since 1872, the firm has been N. O. Hayward and Son. In November, 1879, they sold out to John A. Smith.
Davis H. Wilson had a store at the upper end of the village, in the house built by Lemuel Bingham on the east side of the street, where N. O. Hayward now lives. He continued trade herc from 1852 to 1857.
About 1841, Luther Abbot built the house where Mrs. Hathhorn now lives, opened a store, and continued business there till he went to Stoddard in 1846.
In 1864, L. W. F. Mark opened the store which he still occupies.
In 1870, George W. Newman built the store and house on the corner of Sullivan Strect. His sons carried on business here till 1878, when A. D. Hammond began the trade which he still continues.
TAVERNS. - Formerly, taverns were much more numerous in country towns than at the present. One of the earliest was kept by John Mark. In 1792, his charge for lodging was 6d, for keeping a Horse over night, 9d. Samuel Bill also kept tavern about the beginning of the century, in the south part of the house now occupied by his son David. There was a tavern for many years, where Edouard Loiselle lives. It was first kept by Daniel Wright and afterwards by Fortunatns Eager. Ziba Ware and after him William Baxter kept it for a few years.
Ebenezer Dart was licensed to keep tavern in 1795. He lived on the Hendec placc.
James Grimes had a tavern opposite the old Meeting House, as early as 1804. In 1806, he sold to Dudley Smith, who continued the business here for nearly thirty years.
Stephen Griswold kept tavern at " the Mills " for some years, and after him Jonathan Pcase. Stephen Day, Jr., kept tavern at the same place from 1837 to 1840. Probably there were others here earlier.
In 1830, Jehiel Day opened the " Ashuelot Hotel " in the Factory Village. When he left ill 1837, the tavern remaincd closed for about three years. In 1839, Timothy Dort bought the stand and kept public house there for eight years.
In 1848, Ezra Webster opened the " Village Hotel " which he managed till his death in 1864. Hervey E. Rawson next took it for three years, after which he sold to Albert Hubbard who still owns it.
MISCELLANEOUS. - On May Brook, a little above the river road, (Map 106,) John Bingham, Jr., built a shop about 1800, the foundation of which can still be seen. Here he turned wooden bowls, plates, and like utensils.
On the same brook, (Map 365,) the Mays built a dam and put in a " lazy saw."
Thomas T. Chapin built a dam for a mill just below the Village in 1827. After his death, (Chap. 26,) Luther Abbot bought the privilege and built a Starch Factory, (Map 219,) which he run about five years.
In 1861, A. D. Hammond and Milon Loveland hired the Abbot mill and put in machinery for manufacturing chair backs. They carried on the business about five years.
Luther Hemenway built the shop on the brook near his house in 1830. (Map 271.) Hcre he and his sons carried on the awl business for more than twenty years.
A few rods below on the same brook, (Map 272,) may be seen the ruins of an old dam and foundations for a mill. This was begun by Joseph Foster of Sullivan, 1830-1, but never finished.
About 1832, Solon W. Eaton built a shop where Collins's Factory stands, for wood-turning and making awls. Zenas D. Metcalf was in company with him for a time. The next year,
145
CENSUS RETURNS.
Alfred Beckwith put a shingle mill into the same building. In 1836 it was taken by Thurston & Co. for the flannel business. (Page 139.)
About 1836, Chilion Mack built a shop on the brook east of his house, where he carried on the awl business for several years.
About 1846, Linus and Jacob Nash built a turning shop on the brook near Josiah Guillow's. (Map 370.) Wishing to divide the property, they sawed it in two in the middle, and it was afterwards made into a house. (Chap. 38.)
In 1834-5, a wheelwright and paint shop was built a little south of where Taylor's Tannery stood. It was carried on by Jerome B. Aldrich, till 1841. After that it was used for various purposes.
About 1830, Chilion Mack built a wheelwright shop southwest of his house, where A. W. Kingsbury's garden now is. He carried on the business here only a few years. It was after- wards occupied as a tenement. (Chap. 36.)
Money being scarce, Potash and Pearlash were formerly used as a standard of exchange. (Page 102.) The manufacture was carried on in many places, a large part of which are now forgotten. One of the earliest was on the Fuller place a little west of Daniel Smith's house. Another was north of the road about 20 rods east of Harriet Swinton's, and still another at the upper end of the village near Henry McCoy's barn.
A man named Thompson, afterwards of Peterboro', kept a jeweler's shop in the room north of J. and D. Day's store, for a year or two about 1835.
CHAPTER XXIV.
CENSUS RETURNS.
THE first Census of the State was taken in 1767. The returns from Gilsum were as follows.
Unmarried men from 16 to 60
Married Do. Do.
7 22
Boys from 16 years & under .
36
Men 60 years & above 1
Females unmarried .
39
Females married
23
Slaves
0
Widows
0
Total
128
In the "List of Rateable Estates of the Several Towns as settled by the General Assembly for a new Propor- tion which each Town pays to £1000," the following is set down to Gilsum : -
Amount of Rateable Estate .
£800
Proportion to £1000
£1:18
Number of Polls .
31
In a similar List for May, 1773, we find for Gilsum :
Rateable Estates
£38
Proportion to £1000
£1:16
Number of Polls .
37
·
At the same time Surry is reported as having 47 Polls and Rateable Estates, £55.
The " Rateable Estates " are cvidently given on a reduced scale. The increase of population in these six years is very great, certainly not less than 100 per cent, and probably more. 10
146
GILSUM.
By order of Gov. John Wentworth, a Census was taken in 1773. The returns from "Gil- som " were the following : -
Unmarried men 16 to 60
17
Married Do. Do.
21
Boys 16 years and under
32
Men 60 years and upwards
4
Females ummarried
37
Females married
22
Widows
2
Slaves
0
Total
Surry returned a total of 208.
In 1786, the Legislature ordered a new Census, and Gilsum made this return :- - The Number of the souls that are in Gillsom are as followes
females from 16 and under
females from 16 too 21
16
females from 21 and upward
72
males from 16 and under
78
males from 16 too 21 '
7
males from 21 and upward
78
One Black. (Chap. 37.)
364 JONATHAN ADAMS - TIMOTHY DIMMUCK & Selectmen EBENEZER BILL
In 1767, Gilsum included all of Surry except "Westmoreland Leg," and the whole number of polls was 31, but in 1773, Gilsum alone had 37, and the two towns, including " Westmore- land Leg," 84. In 1775, Gilsum reported a total population of 178. (Page 34.) In 1777, Gilsum made return of "51 male polls eighteen years old & upward," 16 Horses, 32 Oxen, 47 Cows. In 1784, Gilsum reported 71 Ratable Polls. Surry made no return.
Sullivan having been set off in 1787, the first return from Gilsum in its present form, is 47 Ratable Polls, 18 Horses, 21 Oxen, and 86 Cows.
In 1790, the population was 298, males 134, females 164.
An Inventory of taxable property in Gilsum returned to the State 1793, is as follows.
Number of Polls between 18 and 70 years 59.
Orchard Land
0
Arable or tillage land
68 acres.
Mowing Land
252 acres.
Pasture Land
367 acres.
Horses & Mares
26.
Oxen
34. 94.
Cows
Horses & Cattle 2 [prob. 3,] years old 43.
2 years old
35.
1 year old
37.
Sum total of all buildings and real estate unimproved and owned by the inhabitants at half per cent, £9. 11 sh. 4 d.
Sum total of value of real estate not owned by inhabitants, £276. 10 sh.
This indicates a total value of buildings and unimproved Real Estate of nearly $7,300.
Census returns for 1800 have not been found. In 1810, there were 133 persons engaged in Agriculture and 18 in Manufacturing. The population was 267 males and 246 females, 513 in all, of whom 165 were under ten years of age.
In 1820, population 601, males 287, females 314, under ten 171.
In 1830, population 642, males 323, females 319, under ten 180, of whom 93 were under five. There were 14 persons over 70, of whom one is reported to be over 100. This was prob-
139 113
.
147
CENSUS RETURNS.
ably a mistake, as the oldest person at that time is said to have been Mrs. Nash, who died that year aged 95.
In 1840, population 656, males 323, females 333, over seventy 28, between five and ten 89, under five 106, pupils in schools 218. 172 persons engaged in Agriculture, and 41 in Manufac- turing. There were 91 horses, 555 neat cattle, 1,529 sheep, 126 swine, and $161 worth of poultry. There were raised 578 bushels of wheat, 573 of barley, 4,076 of oats, 787 of rye, 2,288 of Indian corn, 15,858 of potatoes, 1,237 tons of hay, 3,602 pounds of wool, 90 of flax, 15,835 of sugar, $4,559 worth of dairy products, $451 worth of fruit, and 299 cords of wood sold. There were $1,427 worth of home manufactures, and $2,000 worth of hardware and cutlery.
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