USA > New Hampshire > The history of New-Hampshire. Comprehending the events of one complete century and seventy-five years from the discovery of the River Pascataqua to the year one thousand seven hundred and ninety, Vol 3 > Part 12
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It is, however, in the power of the Americans to make more advantage of the cod fifhery than any of the European nations. We can fit out veffels at lefs ex- penfe, and by reafon of the wefterly winds, which prevail on our coafts, in February and March, they can go to the banks earlier in the feafon, than the Europeans, and take the beft fifh. We can dry it in a clearer air, than the foggy fhores of Newfoundland and Nova-Scotia. We can fupply every neceffary from among ourfelves ; veffels, fpars, fails, cordage, anchors, lines, hooks and provifions. Salt can be imported from abroad cheaper than it can be made
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160
HISTORY OF
at home'; if it be not too much loaded with duties. Men can always be had to go on fhares, which is by far the moft profitable method, both to the employ- ers and the fifhermen. The fithing banks are an inexhauftable fource of wealth ; and the fifthing bufinefs is a moft excellent nurfery for feamen. It therefore deferves every encouragement and indul- gence from an enlightened national legiflature.
The manufacture of pot and pearl afhes affords a valuable article of exportation. In the new town- fhips, where vaft quantities of wood are burnt on the land, the afhes are collected and boiled, and the falts are conveyed to certain places, where works are erected, and the manufacture is perfected. This, like many other of our articles of exportation, has fuffered much in its reputation, from an injudicious, or fraudulent furvey. It is a leffon which ought to be deeply engraven on the minds of Legiflators as well as Manufacturers and Merchants, that honefty at home is the only foundation for credit abroad.
An attempt has been made to manufacture fail cloth ; and the proprietor of the works, Thomas Odiorne, Efg. of Exeter, has received fome fmall en- couragement from the Legiflature of the State. Such a bounty as is allowed in Maffachufetts would give a fpring to this bufinefs, and encourage the erection of other works of the fame kind.
The manufacture of iron both in forges and fur- naces might be rendered vaftly more profitable than it is at prefent. This neceffary metal inftead of be- ing imported might become an article of exporta- tion.
Flaxfeed is produced in large quantities. Some of it is manufactured into oil ; and fome is exported.
The manufacture of leather and fhoes is not fo extenfive as to produce articles of exportation ; but may be confidered among the domeflic manufac- tures.
161
NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
In moft of our country towns confiderable quan- tities of tow-cloth are made, fome of which is ex- ported to the fouthern States, to clothe the Negroes, who labour on the plantations.
The manufacture of bricks and potter's ware may be extended to any degree. Several fpecies of clay being found in great abundance, in the towns, at the heads of the feveral branches of the river Pafcata- qua ; in places which lie very convenient for water carriage. Bricks might be carried as ballaft in eve- ry veffel which goes to ports where they are faleable. In this article, however, as well as many others, a regulation is needed ; moft of the bricks which are made are deficient in fize ; and much of the clay which is ufed in making them is not fufficiently mellowed by the froft of winter, or by the labour of the artificer.
$
1
162
HISTORY OF
TABLE of Exportation from the port of Pascataqua, from October 1, 1789, to October, 1, 1791.
Articles exported
To Europe. W.Ind.N.Sco.Africa. Tut.
1000
feet of Pine Boards
6247 |11622| 96
69
18034
Do.
feet of oak plank
378
25
401
Do.
staves and heading.
1317
1603
44
2969
Do.
clapboards
2
19
21
Do.
shingles
2689
2689
1)o.
hoops
791
7
864
Fect of oar rafters
47000
950
47950
Tons of pine timber
882
86
1741
Do. oak timber
25]
20
271
Frames of houses
12
12
Pine masts
41
4
45
Spruce spars
13
72
85
Shook hogsheads
2079
2079
Waggons
2
2
Pairs of cart wheels'
14
14
Sets of yokes and bows
28
28
Boats
30
30
IFandspikes
80
80
Quintals of dry Fish
250
26,207
26,457
Barrels of pickled fish
501
501
Do. Whale oil
120
120
Do.
Tar
1613
60
1673
Casks of Flaxseed
1798
1798
Barrels of beef
2775
2
2777
Do.
pork
9
1
10
Do.
rice
2
2
Bushels of Indian corn
391
2000
2391
Oxen and cows
577
33
610
Horses
207
2
209
Sheep
261
229
490
Gallons of N. E. rum
150
1449
1599
Do.
Madeira wine
845
845
Thousands of bricks
129
129
Tons of pot ash
883
881
Do.
pearl ash
30.11
30}
Boxes of candles
28
28
Total value of exportation for two years
296,839 dollars 51 cente.
163
NEW-HAMPSHIRE,
TABLE of Importation into the port of Pascataqua, from October 1, 1789, to October 1, 1791.
Articles imported from
Europe. WV.Indies. N. Scotia. Total.
Gallons of rum
138,911
138,911
Ditto
Gin
221
221
Ditto
Molasses
~70,785
270,785
Ditto
wine
4721
from Madeira
5
Ditto Porter
457
457
lbs of unrefined sugar
546,648
546,648
Ditto loaf sugar
77
Ditto coffee
68,633
68,633
Ditto cotton
17,564
17,564
Ditto cocoa
27,944
27,944
Ditto cheese
1056
1056
Ditto tea
2696
86
2782
Ditto twine
2204
2204
Ditto nails
16890
16,890
Hundreds of cordage
17,1,7
17,1,7
Ditto
hemp
940 ---
940 .-
Bushels of salt
(hart)
(hart)
98,336
Ditto
sea coal
3131
3131
lbs of steel unwrought
16527
16,527
Ditto bar and sheet lead
4336
4336
Grindstones
(a few not ascertained)
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N. B. " What comes coast ways from any of the United States can- not be ascertained ; as no regular entries are made where only the pro- duce of the United States is on board ; except accompanied with more han two hundred dollars value of foreign articles. The value of import- d'articles is generally governed by the Boston market."
77
164
HISTORY OF
PRICES CURRENT at Pascataqua, A. D. 1791.
Pine Masts hewn
Spruce and Pine Yards hewn in 8 square. inches price.
Pine Bowsprits hewą in 8 square. inches trice
inches price
36
6 147
24
£ 34
38
64
35
117
23
27
37
56
34
96
22
23
36
48
33
75
21
20
35
44
32
60
20
16
34
42
31
47
19
12
33
32
30
38
18
9-10
32
31
29
30
17
8
31
27
28
25
16
6
30
21
27
20
15
1-10
29
16
26
17
14
1- 8
28
9
-25
14
13
1- 6
27
7
24
12
12
1- 4
26
6
23
10
11
1. 2
25
22
91
10
1-
and all below
21
8
9
-18
at 3s p. inch.
20
6
and all below 20 at 6s per inch.
TIMBER. Quality, dimensions and price.
Oak ship timber measured ? at the end of the arm. $
inch.
Ash timber per cord Lath wood per cord 24s
24s
BOARDS, PLANK AND JOIST.
20s to 24s Each superficial square foot, one inch 12sin thickness is called a foot.
black
16s to 18s Pine per 1000 feet 20s|Hemlock generally
36s to 42s
Maple
2s less.
Beech
16s.N. B. The price of these articles is
Black birch
16s to 18s frequently varying.
White pine
12s to 13slOak plank per ton
£
PINE
V
SPRUCE
Oak from 15 to 50 fect in length and from 10 to 20 inches square, each forty cubic feet white Oak red
1s her
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NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
165
PRICES CURRENT Continued.
Other species of LUMBER. Quality, and price.
ARTICLES AND PRICE.
Merch.
18s
Clapboards per thousand
48s
Shingles ditto
10s
Pork per barrel
£ 3 12s
Hoops ditto
£ 4
Beef ditto
£ 22s
Corn per bushel
3s
Ditto hogshead
£ 4
Ditto barrel ditto
£ 2
Flax seed ditto
3s to 4s
Red oak hogshead ditto
£ 2
Oxen, each
£ 4 10s
Ditto barrel ditto
£ 1 10s
Cows
£ 28s
Anchor-stocks per inch at
Horses
£ 6 10 30
diameter of the nut
Is
Sheep
6s to 93
Handspikes in the rough
Is
Bricks per thousand 20s
Shook hhds § white oak
6s
Cider per barrel 58
2 red ditto
3s Seamen's wages per month 7 dolls.
Spruce spars per inch
4d
Chartering vessels per ton,
Oar rafters per 1000 feet
£ 4
per month
1 dol.
Fish per quintal
Jamaica
13 to 14s
Scale
10s
White cak pipe staves per thousand £ 9
Rye ditto
3s6
Barley ditto
4s
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166
HSITORY OF
TABLE of ENTRIES at the port of Pascataqua from October 1, 1789, to October 1, 1791.
[ Ships & Snows
| Brigantines
L scrochers
/ Sloops
Total of vessels.
American
tonnage
French ditto
British ditto
Total of
tonnage
France
French West Indies
12 42 :3
5 72
5
5
192
264 34
9666
St. Peter's and Miquelon
226
England
12
15
27
4119
570
4689
Scotland
4
4
461
464
Ireland
1
4
5
859
2005
2005
Nova Scotia
1
14
1 10 15
856
856
Portugal
1
1
293
293
Portuguese Islands
1
- 15
1
3
0
25
341 2996 155
2996
Denmark and Islands Africa
1
2
155
Coasting & cod fishery
40 10
50
1166
1166
Total
34 87 84 18 223 207 19 298 3431 24448
859
British West Indies
6
2
1
-
3
4
732 9402
732
341
Holland and Plantations
1 1
167
NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
TABLE of CLEARANCES at the port of Pascataqua ; from October 1, 1789, to October 1, 1791.
/ Ships and Snows
Brigantines
Schooners
Sloops
Total of vessels
American
tonnage
French ditto
British ditto
Portuguse ditto
Total of
tonnage
France
French West Indies
St. Peter's and Miquelon
16
25
1
42
4.4.1
7166
England
4
4
616
616
Scotland
1
3
4
666
666
Ireland
8
3
1
1
16
3134 502
50%
Portugal
1
1
162
162
Holland and Plantations
2
2
233
233
Denmark and Islands Africa
1
1
110
110
Coasting and cod fishery
40 10
50
1166
1166
Total
43 107 105 22 277
26560 298 4077 162 31097
---
17
70
39
10
136
8
1
9
16616 264 34 428 6725
3134
British West Indies
12
12
Nova Scotia
Portuguese Islands
--
16880
462
168
HISTORY OF
TABLE of the VALUE of SILVER in the currency of Newhampshire, since the beginning of the present century.
Silver per oz.
Silver per oz.
Silver per oz.
DOLLARS.
years. value.
years. value.
years. value.
years. value.
d
1700
10
1732
20
6
1745 } 36
1752
55
1705
10
21
37
1753
57
1710
8
1733
25
37
1754
60
1711
8
4
26
38
1755
70
1712
8
6
27
40
80
1713
8
6
24
45
1756<
90
1714
9
25
48
100
1715
9
26
50
100
1716
10
( 27
58
1757
10
1717
10
1735
27
6
55
110
1718
11
527
6
1747
58
1758
120
1719
12
26
6
60
1759
120
1720
12
4
1737
26
6
58
1760
120
5
12
6
S 27
6
56
1761
to
13
6
1738
28
55
1762
130
1722
14
6
1739
29
6
55
140
1723
15
6
28
6
58
1765 (
1724
16
6
1740
29
56
to
< 6
16
1725
15
1741
S28
6
60
1726
16
28
58
1727
28
51
6
(16
6
1742
23
:
217
1)
1729 S
19
6
1743
,30
20
1730
21
S
32
18
6
17443 33
1731
19
d
d
S
d
8
6
1704
7
519
6
35
1751
5l
(14
29
1748
54
1763
&
14
6
29
56
1764
120
16
28.
56
1776
29
58
1749
-
27
6
1750
50
1728
54
29
58
120
1721
227
1746
1754
1736
34
4-
S
169
NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
TABLE of the VALUE of SILVER continued.
Scale of depreciation of one hundred dollars.
yours. months equal to years.
months equal to years.
months equal to
L Jan. 100
Jan.
742
Jan. 7500
Feb. 104
Feb.
868
Feb. 7500
March 106
March
1000
March 7500
-
April 110
April
1104
April 7500 May 7500
June 190
June 12000
17775
July
125
1779
July
1477
Aug.
150
Aug.
1630
dol. value.
Sept.
175
Sept.
1800
Oct.
275
Oct.
2030
Nov.
300
Nov.
2308
(Dec.
310
Dec.
2393
to
1 6s.
1791
Jan.
325
1 Jan.
2934
Feb.
350
Feb.
3322
March 375
March 3736
April
400
April
4000
May
400
May
4800
June
400
1780
July
6000
Aug.
450
- Aug.
6300
Sept.
475
Sept.
6500
Oct.
500
Oct.
6700
Nov.
545
Nov.
7000
Dec.
634
Dec. 7300
TABLE of the weight and value of GOLD and SILVER established by law 1785.
COINS
weight. value. dwt. gr. £ s d
: d
English
Crown
6
8
or French S
6
Silver per ounce
6 8
English Guinea
5 6 -1
8
French ditto
5
6 -1
7
4
Johannes
18
-4
16
Cop-
3 far- things
Half ditto
9
-2
8
per
of Eng-
Moidore
6
18-1
16
lish coin
Doubloon
16
12-4
8
Pistole
3-1
2
5700
1778
July
425
In American national currency, one dollar is equal to 100 cents.
V
---
1781
May 114
Muy
1215
June
1312
17817
Gold per ounce
5
6 8
Spanish Dollar
June
10488
170
HISTORY OF
Statement of the FISHERY at Pafcataqua and its neighbourhood.
Schooners 27]
Boats
20
Employed in the Cod and
Tonnage 630 Scale Fifhery annually.
Seamen 250
The Schooners, Boats, and Seamen belonging to the Ifles of Shoals are not included in the above efti- mation.
Product of the Fifhery in the year 1791.
Merchantable fifh 5170 Quintals made ? Jamaica ditto 14217
S scale ditto 6463
total, 25850
The fifh made at the Ifles of Shoals are included in this ftatement.
The fuccefs of the fifhery in this feafon has been uncommonly good.
Eftimate of feamen belonging to New-Hampfhire in 1791.
In foreign trade 500
Coafting do. 50
Fifhery 250
N. B. Some of the feamen who in fummer are employed in the fifhery, are in the winter employed in the coafting bufinefs, or in foreign voyages.
1
171
NRW-HAMPSHIRE.
CHAP. XIV.
Effect of the climate and other causes. on the human constitution. Re- marks on population. Tables of Births, Deaths and Casualties.
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IT has been confidently afferted by Euro- pean writers, and by fome of great reputation, that the climates of America, under fimilar latitudes to thofe of Europe, are unfriendly to health and lon- gevity ; that the general period of human life is from forty-five to fifty ; and thefe pernicious effects are afcribed to putrid exhalations from ftagnant waters ; to a furface uncleared, uncultivated, and loaded with rank vegetation, which prevents it from feeling the purifying influence of the fun .*.
If fuch remarks were intended to be confined to the low plains in the fouthern States, the propriety of them might not perhaps be difputed ; but a dif- tinction ought to be made between thofe parts of America and others in far different circumftances. If authors profefs to write as philofophers they fhould feek for information from the pureft fources, and not content themfelves with theorifing on fub- jects, which can be determined only by fact and ob- fervation ; or with forming general conclufions from partial reports. If they write as politicians, their aim may indeed be anfwered by ftating facts in a delufive light ; and by reprefenting America as a grave to Europeans, they may throw difcourage- ment on emigration to this country. It is at the fame time amufing to obferve the inconfiftent con- clufions of thefe theorifing philofophers ; for whilft one condemns the air of woodland as deftructive to
* Robertson's History America, Vol. II. p. 17.
King's thoughts on Emigration to America, Political Magazine, 1783, p. 261.
172
HISTORY OF
life and health, another celebrates it as containing nutritive particles, and afferts that men who live in the woods confume lefs food than thofe who dwell in open countries .* But notwithftanding the dreams of European philofophers, or the interofted views of European politicians, America can beft be defcribed by thofe who have for a long time refided in it. Thofe who have not feen it at all, and thofe who have paffed through it with the rapidity of a travel- ler, can be very inadequate judges ; yet unhappily there are many of both thefe claffes of writers whofe accounts have gained more credit than they deferve.
In that part of America which it falls to my lot to defcribe, an 'uncleared and uncultivated foil,' is fo far from being an object of dread, that there are no people more vigorous and robuft than thofe who labour on new plantations ; nor in fact have any people better appetites for food. This is true not only of the natives of the country, but of emigrants from Europe. It has been a general obfervation that the firft planters in new townfhips live to a great age. It is alfo true that the air of our foreft is remarkably pure. The tall and luxuriant growth which an European might call ' rank vegetation,' not only indicates ftrength and fertility of foil ; but conduces to abforb noxious vapours ; and when the foil is once cleared, if man neglect his duty, nature, with her bountiful hand, produces a fecond growth of ' rank vegetation,' for the fame benevolent pur- pofe. A profufion of effluvia from the refinous trees impart to the air a balfamic quality which is ex- tremely favourable to health, and the numerous ftreams of limpid water, fome of which fall with great rapidity from the mountains, caufe currents of frefh air which is in the higheft degree falubri- ous, to thofe who refide on their banks. To thefe
...
* Abbe Raynal. History Indies. Vol. III. p. 278.
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173
NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
obfervations it may be added, that the northweft wind is the grand corrector of every noxious quali- ty which can exift in the air of America ; and whilft that wind prevails, it diffufes health and imparts vig- our to the human frame,
-
There are, indeed, fome few fituations, even in New-Hampfhire, where vapour arifing from land overflowed with frefh water, produces bilious and nervous difeafes, and the inhabitants are fubject to an early laffitude and debility ; which is often in- creafed by an injudicious ufe of fpiritous liquors for medical purpofes ; but by the removal of fuch per- fons to the purer air of the mountains, and a change to a more temperate regimen, thefe complaints ceafe, and the conftitution is reinvigorated.
«, There have alfo been fome inftances in the neigh- bourhood of Connecticut river, of fwellings in the throat fimilar to the goîtres among the inhabitants of the Alps. Women have chiefly been affected in that way. A removal to the fea fhore, and conftant bathing with falt water have contributed to reduce thefe tumours. A free ufe of falted fifh and vege- table acid, particularly cyder, has alfo been found beneficial, and by the beft and lateft information which I have been able to obtain, this diforder is now lefs frequent, and more eafily controled than it , was a few years paft.
From the tables of mortality which I have col- lected and which are here exhibited, it appears that a very large proportion of people live to old age, and that many of them die of no acute difeafe but by the gradual decay of nature. The death of adult perfons between twenty and fifty years of age is very rare, when compared with the bills of mortality from European countries. It is computed that near- ly one twentieth part of the inhabitants of London
174
HSITORY OF
perifh, one year with another ;* it is certain that not more than one in feventy of the inhabitants of New- Hampfhire dies in a year unlefs when fome epidem- ic diforder prevails, which very feldom happens.
From the tables of cafualties it alfo appears that the moft mortal of the prevailing diforders of this coun- try is the pulmonary confumption. This inalady is univerfally allowed to be more frequent of late years than formerly. I cannot find that it is lefs common in the new, than in the old towns. It is certainly in fome inftances hereditary ; and it is be- lieved by many to be contagious. Fevers of feveral kinds are much lefs malignant than formerly. The chronic rheumatifm is very common, but feldom proves mortal. It is often caufed by the changes from heat to cold, to which people who labour and travel in all weathers, are expofed.
Patients from the fouthern States and the Weft India iflands with bilious complaints and intermittent fe- vers, foon recover their health on their arrival to our fhores. A regular intermittent, or what is com- monly called the fever and ague is extremely rare, unlefs it be contracted in fome other climate.
It is thought by fome that the exhalations from falt marthes are injurious to health. This may be the cafe where the air is prevented from circulating freely, by the vicinity of high ridges of land ; but the town of Hampton, which is almoft uniformly level, though it contains a very extenfive marfh, is as healthly and as favourable to longevity as any town in the State, as may be evident from an infpec- tion of the tables of mortality for that place.
The natives of foreign countries who remove to " this part of America, generally live to a great age ; if they do not impair their conftitutions by fpiritu-
* Rush's Medical Observations, page 47.
L
175
NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
ous liquors. There are, indeed, fome veteran fots, natives of this as well as other countries ; who ren- der themfelves burdenfome to fociety, and contempt- ible in their advanced age. The purity of our air, and plenty of food, are doubtless the caufes of their furviving fuch frequent draughts of liquid poifon.
Attempts have been made at feveral times to af- certain the number of people in New-Hampfhire. The late Governor Wentworth was ordered by the Britifh miniftry to take an exact furvey ; but 'hav- "ing no fund to pay the expenfe, and no law to compel obedience' to the order, he was fubjected to the inconvenience of delay and difappointment. The number of the people however, in 1767, was eftimated at 52,700. Another eftimate was made in 1774, of which I have met with no official ac- count ; but have been informed that it was 85,000. This was too high. The eftimate given to Congrefs by the delegates of New-Hampfhire, at the commencement of the revolution, was ftill more extravagant. A furvey taken in 1775, partly by enumeration and partly by eftimation, for the pur- pofe of eftablifhing an adequate reprefentation of the people, made the whole number 82,200.
I have taken much pains to collect from the fev- eral towns the numbers loft by means of the late war. By accounts received from twenty-feven towns in different parts of the State, the num- ber loft amounts to 377. Thefe twenty-feven towns, according to the furvey in 1775, contained 22,749 inhabitants. If a comparifon be made, by the rule of proportion, between thefe and the other towns in the State ; the number loft out of the whole, will amount to 1362 ; and if a farther allowance be made for the maritime towns, the number may fairly be eftimated at 1400. As thefe were moftly men in the prime and vigour of life, we ought to
-
176
HISTORY OF
take into the account not only the fimple lofs of fo many lives, but a decreafe of population, equal to the increafe which probably would have been made, had they lived to this time. If we reckon this in- creafe in the proportion of three to one, it will pro- duce the fum of 4200, which, added to the original number, will make 5600. But allowing the 600 for cafualties, we may moderately compute 5000 per- fons, lefs than the number would have been, had the laft fifteen years been all years of peace.
The cenfus taken by order of Congrefs in 1790, is the moft correct account which has ever been made. The whole amount is 142,018. If this be compared with the number in 1775, and the differ- ence divided, by the number of intervening years, without any reference to the lofs fuftained by the war; the average of increafe will be 3987 per annum, for the laft fifteen years. If the number in 1775 be compared with the number in 1767, and the differ- ence divided by the number of intervening years, the average per annum, for thofe eight years, will be 3687. If a mean between thefe two, viz. 3883, be taken for the increafing ratio per annum, fince the year 1767, it will produce a number very nearly correfponding with the number taken by the cen- fus in 1790. If this mode of computation be juft, the number of people in New-Hampfhire has actu- ally doubled in lefs than nineteen years, notwith- fanding that feven of thofe nineteen were years of war.
This may more clearly appear from the following table ; in which the firft column contains the years ; the fecond column thews the number in each year, by the ratio of 3883 ; and the third the numbers by the ratio of 3687 for the firft eight years, and 3987 for the laft fifteen.
177
NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
TABLE OF POPULATION.
1767
52700
52700 7
· 68
56583
56387
69
60466
60074
1770
64349
63761
71
68232
67448
increafing by 3687.
72
72115
71135
73
75998
74822
74
79881
78509
0
75
78364
82196
776
87647
86183
77
91530
90170
78
95413
94157
79
99296
98144
1780
103179
102131
81
107062
106118
82
110945
110105
88
114828
114092
increasing by 3987.
84
118711
118079
85
122594
122066
86
126477
126053
87
130360
130040
88
134243
134027
89
138126
138014
1790
142009
142001
In both columns, the half of the number taken by the census, viz. 71,009, falls betwee the years 1771 and 1772 ; a period short of nineteen years, from 1790.
This rapid increafe of population, is partly natur- al and partly adventitious. The diftinction between thefe two caufes is evident ; but to afcertain the precife limits of their refpective operations, is im- practicable, without a more minute furvey than has ever yet been taken. Large emigrations have been made fince the peace of 1763, from the neighbour- ing States, into the new townfhips of New-Hamp»
W
-
08
W
178
HISTORY OF
fhire. Thofe from the old towns to the new, have been alfo very confiderable ; and though at firft view thefe latter may not feem to have augmented the number of the people ; yet upon a more clofe attention to the fubject, it will be found that even in them there is a productive caufe in increafe. Where land is cheap, and the means of fubfiftence may be acquired in fuch plenty, and in fo fhort a time as is evidently the cafe in our new plantations, encouragement is given to early marriage. A young man who has cleared a piece of land, and built a hut for his prefent accommodation, foon begins to experience the truth of that old adage, 'It is not ' good for man to be alone.' Having a profpect of increafing his fubftance by labour, which he knows himfelf able to perform, he attaches himfelf to a fe- male earlier than prudence would dictate if he had not fuch a profpect. Nor are the young females of the country averfe to a fettlement in the new plan- tations ; where, after the fecond year's labour, by which the land is brought into pafture, there is a neceffity for beginning the work of a dairy ; an em- ployment which always falls to their lot, and is an object of their ambition, as well as intereft.
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