USA > New Hampshire > Cheshire County > Swanzey > The history of Swanzey, New Hampshire, from 1734 to 1890 > Part 8
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In June, 1765, a powerful hurricane passed over the town. The meet- ing house on the hill was turned one quarter around and considerably damaged. The repairing of these damages and some other repairs on the house were done nominally by the town, or by the proprietors, the leading and substantial men among them doing the work for which the sum of £214 was paid.
There was a large increase of inhabitants in the town between 1762 and 1777. This was largely made up of young men who came and established permanent homes, and many of whom eventually became prominent and influential citizens.
The following are names of persons who settled in the town during this period :
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HISTORY OF SWANZEY.
Thomas Applin, John Applin, Timothy Brown Applin (the first person on record in town with more than two names), Isaac Applin, Daniel Bishop, Timothy Bishop, Joseph Cummings, Ephraim Cum- mings, Thaddeus Cummings, Enoch Cummings, Nehemiah Cummings, Caleb Cook, Nathaniel Dickinson, Joseph Dickinson, Benjamin Day, Joshua Durant, Levi Durant, John Follett, jr., Benjamin Follett, Stoddard Frazy, Calvin Frink, John Frazy, Asa Freeman, Thomas Greene, Joseph Greene, Abraham Griffith, Moses Griffith, Edward Goddard, Edward Hazen, Benjamin Hazen, Michael Hefferon, Den- nis Hefferon, Simeon Howes, Kimber Harvey, Timothy Harvey, Eph- raim Harvey, Benjamin Hewes, Benjamin Hewes, jr., Charles Howe, Theodore Howe, Uriah Howe, Willard Hunt, Pelitia Kazey, Jethro Kimball, Eli Kimball, Elkanah Lane, Elkanah Lane, jr., Samuel Lane, Justus Lawrence, Henry Morse, Jonathan Nichols, jr., Andrew Nichols, Elijah Osgood, Aaron Parsons, Samuel Page, John l'lane, Amasa Parker, Nathaniel Patten, Josiah Prime, Simeon Puffer, Amos Puffer, Josiah Read, Cornelius Roberts, John Rugg, Penticost Stanley, Benjamin Starkey, Enoch Starkey, Joseph Starkey, John Starkey, John Starkey, jr., John Thompson, Roger Thompson, Samuel Thomp- son, Ebenezer Thompson, Annanius Tubbs, Daniel Warner, James Wheelock, Ezekiel White, David White, John Whitcomb, Moses Boardman Williams, Joseph Whitcomb, jr., Jonathan Whitcomb, Elisha Whitcomb, Philemon Whitcomb, Abijah Whitcomb.
At the commencement of the Revolutionary war there were in the town a number of men able to do military duty who came to the town when lads with their parents, or who had been born in the town. Of this number were Elijah Belding, David Belding. 2ª, Moses Belding, Samuel Belding, 2ª, Eleazar Brown, Wright Brown, Thomas Cressen, 2ª, Nathan Cressen, Joseph Day, Amos Day, Jonathan Day, Daniel Day, Joshua Graves, Abner Graves, Elijah Graves, William Grimes, 2ª, James Grimes, Isaac Hammond, Benjamin Hammond, Joseph Hammond, 2ª, James Heaton, 2ª, Samuel Heaton, Nathaniel Heaton, Nathaniel Hills, Nathaniel Hills, 2ª, Samuel Hills, 2ª, Samuel Hills, 3ª, Ebenezer Hills, Nathan Woodcock, Samuel Wright.
March 4, 1766, the town "voted to build a good and sufficient pound thirty-five foot square in the highway at the end of John Frazy's house lot." This pound, or one that replaced it, is remembered by our older citizens as standing on the east side of the old road near the south- east corner of the present cemetery.
The following is the record of the annual March meeting in 1771 : " At a meeting of the inhabitants of Swanzey legally meet at the
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meeting house in said Swanzey on Tuesday the fifth day of March, 1771, the meeting being opened, Capt. Joseph Hammond was chosen moderator, then the meeting was adjourned for the space of half an hour to meet at the house of Lieut. Jonathan Whitcomb. Re-assem- bled at the time and place appointed. Thomas Applin was chosen Town Clerk. Thomas Applin, Samuel Hills, Benjamin Brown, David Belding and Elijah Graves chosen selectmen. Voted that the select- men be assessors. Caleb Sawyer was chosen constable ; Capt Joseph Hammond chosen Town Treasurer; Thomas Hammond and Amasa Parker chosen Tythingmen ; Lieut. Joseph Whitcomb, Joseph Cum- mings, Henry Morse, David Belding, Roger Thompson and Benjamin Brown chosen Surveyors of High Wayes. Elisha Scott and Elijah Belding chosen Fence Viewers ; John Starkey Sen. Dear Reef ; Wyat Gunn. Ebenezer Hills and Jonathan Woodcock jr. chosen Hog Reaves ; Nathan Scott and Gardner Duston chosen Field Drivers ; Samuel Belding chosen Sealer of Leather. Voted to accept of the settlement of accounts with Capt. Jonathan Hammond as Treasurer for the year 1768 and 1769 as presented to the town by the Selectmen.
Voted to raise forty pounds lawful money to make and repair roads.
Voted that labor at the roads be set at two shillings and eight pence per day from the first day of Apr. to the first day of Oct., and the rest of the year at two shillings per day.
Voted, that swine may go at large on the common yoked and ringed according to law, from the first of April to the last day of October.
JOSEPH HAMMOND, Moderator."
The common practice in those early days of adjourning for one- half or one-fourth of an hour from the meeting house to some dwell- ing house was doubtless occasioned by the fact that the meeting house was cold, there being in it neither stove nor fireplace nor any other apparatus for warming it. Some of the more uncharitable, however, think it was another kind of fire which our forefathers indulged in that was the occasion of these adjournments.
At a town meeting Nov. 8, 1771, it was " voted to allow Capt. Jonathan Hammond two pound eight shillings lawful money for going twice to Worcester to Mr. Putnam's on the town's business."
Nearly all the men in the town rendered some kind of service for the revolutionary cause during the years, 1775-76-77. Men that were too old for military service and had the means hired men for the army or loaned to the town to enable it to hire soldiers. The follow- 5
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ing votes passed at different times indicate the feeling in this town in regard to the impending struggle.
May 8, 1775. " Voted that Samuel Hills be appointed a Deputy to represent this town at the Convention of Deputies proposed to be held at Exeter on the 17th day of this instant, and that he be fully im- powered and authorized in behalf of this town to join with Deputies of other towns in adopting and pursuing such measures as may be judged most expedient to pursue to restore the rights of this and the other colonies, and that he be impowered as aforesaid to act for the space of six months if the said Convention of Deputies shall judge it to be necessary."
Dec. 18. " Voted, That it is the opinion of the town that Col. Joseph Hammond, Maj. Elisha Whitcomb, Capt. Joseph Whitcomb, jr., Capt. Jonathan Whitcomb, Mr. Thomas Hammond, Mr. Benja- min Brown, and Lieut. Daniel Warner be chosen a Committee of Safety agreeable to the advice of the Continental Congress, and we acknowl- edge them a Committee of Safety for this town, and we approve of what they have acted in that capacity."
March 4, 1777. " Voted to dismiss the present Committee of Safety and choose a new one, and accordingly made choice of Samuel Day, Calvin Frink, Capt. Jonathan Whitcomb, Lieut. Elisha Whitcomb, and Lieut. Elijah Belding."
The Committee of Safety was composed of some of the most influ- ential and enterprising men of the town, and to them were confided matters of great public interest.
The commencement of the year 1778 found the people of the Amer- ican colonies, who had revolted from the British government, much en- couraged for the success of their cause. Burgoyne with his splendid army had surrendered and become prisoners of war. Measures were being taken to unite the colonies in a general government, and to ma- ture plans for state and local governments. The action of the voters of Swanzey, Jan. 22, 1778, was such as to show that the public sen- timent of the town was in full sympathy with those who were engaged in planning systems of federal and state governments. At a special town meeting it was " voted that this town approves of the Articles of Confederation and perpetual union between the United States of America as proposed by the Continental Congress, and desire that the same may be ratified and confirmed."
" Voted, that our representative at the General Court be instructed tto concur with the representatives of the other towns in this state for
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the sole purpose of forming and laying a permanent plan or system for the future government of this state agreeably to the vote of the General Court."
May 12, 1778. " Voted to send one man to meet with the Conven- tion at Concord the tenth day of June next, and Calvin Frink Esq. was chosen."
Dec. 3, 1778, the legal voters of Swanzey and Fitzwilliam, which towns were classed together, having been duly notified, met at the house of Lieut. Henry Morse to choose a person having a real estate of two hundred pounds lawful money in this state, to represent them in the General Assembly to be held at Exeter on the third Wednesday of December, and " to empower such representative for the term of one year from this meeting to transact such business and pursue such measures as they may judge necessary for the public good, and par- ticularly to impower such representative to vote in the choice of Del- egates to the Continental Congress." Major Elisha Whitcomb was the person chosen, who was likewise authorized to vote for delegates to the Congress. Mr. Morse, at the time the foregoing meeting was held at his house, resided in that part of Swanzey which was subse- quently disannexed to help form the town of Troy. At the time of the meeting much of the travel from Cheshire county and the Connec- ticut valley for Boston went down through Swanzey Centre and up over the hill where Mr. Morse kept a public house. An old cellar hole now marks the place where the meeting was held.
During the " Vermont Controversy," relative to the boundary and status of that territory, 1777-1783, the western part of New Hamp- shire was much agitated and public sentiment very much divided be- tween those that wished to unite with Vermont and those that wished to continue their connection with New Hampshire. In many towns a majority of the voters were in favor of uniting with Vermont. Among them were Alstead, Charlestown, Claremont, Chesterfield, Gilsum, Hinsdale, Marlow, Richmond, Surry and Westmoreland.
Belknap in his history of New Hampshire says - "The state of society within the seceding towns at this time was very unhappy. The majorities attempted to control the minorities ; and these were not disposed to submit, but to seek protection of the government with which they had been connected. At the same time and in the same place Justices, Sheriffs and Constables, appointed by the authority of both States, were exercising jurisdiction over the same persons. Party rage, high words and deep resentment, were the effects of these clashing interests."
Swanzey remained loyal to New Hampshire, but it will be seen by
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HISTORY OF SWANZEY.
the following documents that it contained a disturbing secession el- ement.
SELECTMEN'S STATEMENT OF AFFAIRS ADDRESSED TO THE GENERAL COURT, 1871.
"The Selectinen of the town of Swanzey, in behalf of themselves and the Town Humbly show-That under the Present unhappy Situ- ation of our affairs in this part of the State, when most in many, and many in all the Towns have Revolted from under the Government and Jurisdiction of the State, bidding defiance to the Authority and Laws of the same; Absolutely Refusing to pay Taxes, or to contrib- ute any thing in any way or manner towards Raising men for the Con- tinental Army, or Providing Supplies for the same - We find it Ex- tremely Difficult for us to Comply with the Requisitions of the State, for altho' the greatest part of the People in this Town, Remain firm in their Allegiance to the State ; Utterly averse to the late and present factions and seditious conduct of a great (if not the greatest) part of the People in this Western part of the State, yet our affairs are extremely Embarrassed, for if Taxes are Assessed they cannot be. Collected, as some will Refuse to pay, and if Constables or Collectors should Distrain such Delinquents for their Rates, Mobs would Arise, and perhaps the power of the State of Vermont would be employed for their protection. We have exerted ourselves as much as we could in order to Raise our Quota of Men for the Continental Army, and Also for Six months, but have not been able to complete the former nor to Raise any part of the latter, which Inability is owing princi- pally if not Solely to the confused Situation of this part of the State ; And unless Something can be done for our Assistance it will be Abso- lutely Impossible for us to Raise Men or money for the Service of the State. We consider ourselves as Subjects of the state of New Hamp- shire, and are firmly Resolved to persist in our Allegiance, and ex- pect the protection of the State, without which we shall not be able to stand against the opposition that will be made. We humbly pray that your Honors would take the matter into your Wise consideration, and make such provision for our protection and Safety as that we may not be Obliged to Yield to unreasonable Men and Measures.
Thomas Applin, Calvin Frink, Elijah Belding, Isaac Hammond, Elisha Whitcomb,
Selectmen of Swanzey."
.Swanzey June 9th, 1781.
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RELATIVE TO THE BEEF TAX, 1784.
FEBRUARY, 1785.
"The Petition of the Selectmen and Assessors of the Town of Swan- zey in said State for the year 1784 ; Humbly sheweth.
That whereas in the year 1781 the General Court of this State Or- dered and directed the Selectmen of said Swanzey, to Assess the In- habitants of said Town, their Quota of Beef for the Continental Army, which was accordingly done, and the greatest part of said Beef was paid by said Inhabitants, Yet some were delinquent, Refusing to pay their State Tax, occasioned principally by the Union of the Grants (so called) with Vermont, by reason of which, agreeably to an Act of the General Court said Swanzey was Ordered to pay the Deficiency of said Tax, and a fine for their Delinquency, both of which amount- ing to £137, which the Treasurer of this State by his Warrant directed to the Selectmen of said Town has ordered to be assessed, which has not yet been complied with, Because your petitioners think it very un- just to Assess, Levy and collect the aforesaid sum of those Persons who paid their Tax in due Time, and your Petitioners have no war- rant to Assess said Sum on those that were Delinquent and dare not venture to Assess said Sum either on the whole or part of the Inhab- itants, lest it should make great confusion, murmuring and Complain- ing among the People of Said Town. - Your Petitioners therefore most Humbly and earnestly pray that this Honorable Body would take the above stated Case into their Serious Consideration, and make such Order thereon, as in their Wisdom they shall think most Just and Equitable.
And as in Duty Bound shall ever pray :
David Belding Isaac Hammond
Selectmen & Assessors of Swanzey."
RELATIVE TO THE BEEF TAX.
ADDRESSED TO THE GENERAL COURT, DEC. 13, 1786. -
"The Selectmen of Swanzey in the County of Cheshire humbly beg leave to lay before this Honorable Body their Embarrassments as to Assessing the Doomage for this Town's Deficiency of Beef in the Year 1781. Your Petitioners immediately on Receiving Orders for collecting Said Beef, Assessed the Inhabitants of Swanzey, Setting the Beef at twenty Seven Shillings pr. Hundred weight, and as your
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Petitioners were Sensible of the Importance of the Order of the Court being complied with, they exerted themselves and collected a consid- erable part of the Beef by the Set time ; and would undoubtedly Col- lected the whole, had it not been for a number of Political Heretics in this and Adjacent Towns who by their Instigations and artful in- sinuations Shook the Allegiance of the ignorant and unprincipaled part of the community from the State of New Hampshire and Attached them to the usurped State of Vermont; and the Imbecility of Gov- ernment was so great at that Day that your Petitioners thought it not wise to compel or use Coercive measures with those who would not freely pay their proportion of Said tax ; and since the energy of Gov- ernment has increased, and this Town has been called upon to pay Said Tax with a Doomage, the Selectmen have taken up the Matter, and find it Difficult if not Impossible to make an Assessment for said Doomage in any way which will not blow up an unquenchable fire in this Town- for if we should Assess it on the Delinquents only, who in Justice ought to pay the Same, we should, in so doing, do injustice, for a number of said Delinquents are Removed out of the Town, and consequently out of the Reach of an Assessment and should an As- sessment be made on the whole Town, it would be to make the Right- eous be as the Wicked, which the Patriarch of the Hebrews Saith is far from the Almighty.
Your Petitioners therefore most Humbly pray this Honorable Body to take the Matter into their wise Consideration, and either accept of the twenty Seven Shillings on the Hundred weight which is already Assessed and which may be collected without Difficulty ; or Direct your Petitioners in what manner to proceed that they may escape the Publick Odium. And as in Duty bound Shall ever Pray.
Isaac Hammond ) Selectmen of Calvin Frink Swanzey."
[In House of Representatives January 16, 1787, Voted that "as there is great difficulty respecting the assessment for the deficiency of Beef in the Town of Swanzey, the Treasurer be directed so far as respects said Beef Tax, to stay the Extent against said Town until the first Wednesday of June next."]
The paying taxes in beef was resorted to because there was not money with which to pay them. The Continental money had become worthless ; the specie had been depleted in prosecuting the war, and no financial system had been devised by which the people could be
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relieved from their embarrassed circumstances. The people were heavily taxed to meet indebtedness occasioned by the war.
SCALE OF DEPRECIATION OF CONTINENTAL MONEY, 1777.
January, 100; February, 96; March, 94; April, 90; May, 87; June, 83 ; July, 80 ; August, 66 ; September, 57; October, 36 ; No- vember, 33 ; December, 32 ; January, 1778, 30 ; February, 28 ; March, 26 ; April, 25 ; May, 25 ; June, 25 ; July, 23 ; August, 22 ; Septem- ber, 21 ; October, 20 ; November, 18 ; December, 15 ; January, 1779, 13; February, 11 ; March, 10; April, 9 ; June, 8; July, 7 ; August, 6 ; September, 5; October, 4; November, 4 ; December, 4 ; January, 1780, 3; February, 3; March to June, 2; July to June, 1781, 1; July, 0.
After the continental money had become worthless, and gold and silver had gone out of the country to pay for importations occasioned by the war, the people were without money. They were heavily taxed by the federal and state governments to meet the expenses of the war. Private debts had become embarrassing as money could not be obtained for meeting engagements. Many believed that relief could be obtained by the State emitting paper money and loaning it on land security. The Assembly called upon the towns for an expres- sion of their views upon the subject. The following is Swanzey's in- structions to its representative.
At a meeting of the inhabitants of Swanzey in the County of Ches- hire and State of New Hampshire, Aug. 28, 1786 :-
"Voted to choose a Committee to give instructions to the Represen- tative of said Town for the Rule of Conduct at the next Session of the General Court Respecting the Emission of paper money."
To Mr. Abraham Randall, Representative of the Town of Swanzey :
SIR :- Your constituents, Reposing confidence in your integrity, ability and zeal for the publick good, Chose you to Represent them in the General As- sembly of this State the present year. This is a day we are sensible when the greatest Wisdom, patriotism, firmness, Unanimity, Publick Spirit and freedom be detached from selfish and Mercenary views, and when all the above-named virtues are requisite, and ought to be the governing principles in all our Publick Councils. We, therefore, having a Constitutional Right so to do, think it expedient to express our Sentiments to you respecting our dis- tressed situation for want of a Circulating Medium. We therefore instruct you to use your influence in the Assembly that as soon as may be there be an Emission of paper Currency, as being in Our Opinion the best Remedy left us for Relief, and it is the minds of your Constituents that the Emission of
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HISTORY OF SWANZEY.
paper Currency be applied Solely for the purpose of Redeeming the State Securities, which we conceive will be a great easement by stopping the in- terest of those securities; but we mean not to dictate the General Court, but only to hint our desires, confiding in the wisdom of the Legislature of this state if they shall see fit to Issue a paper Medium that it be Emitted on such foundation as they shall think best for the Community.
HENRY MORSE, ¿ Committee in the name and
DAVID BELDING, S behalf of the Town.
The returns of the actions of the towns showed that the public sen- timent was opposed to emitting paper money, and the Assembly voted that it had not the constitutional right to do it.
Some of those in favor of having the state issue paper money were so determined that they organized an armed mob, marched to where the Assembly was in session at Exeter, and endeavored to gain their ends by coercive measures. They were unsuccessful ; the militia were called out and a number of the leaders arrested.
Going back to March 14, 1781, we find the town "voted to sell that part of the town Common lying west of the road now travelled from the Meeting-house to Mr. Goddard's dwelling-house, extending south to the land of Greenwood Carpenter, and north as far as the highway leading from said common to James Grimes'."
The meeting-house mentioned was that standing on the hill, and the road to James Grimes' went west from the common, by the David Parsons' place over the hill north of Mt. Cæsar. It was also voted that Maj. Elisha Whitcomb, David Belding and Dea. Thomas Ham- mond be a committee to make an exact survey of the land, appraise it atits just value, and offer it for sale to the Rev. Edward Goddard, who should have the privilege of purchasing it, but if he declined then it might be sold to any other person.
May 2ª, Rev. Edward Goddard was chosen a delegate to a Conven- tion to be holden in Concord on the first Tuesday in June following, for the purpose of forming and laying a permanent plan or system of government for this State.
Dec. 31, at a meeting duly called to see if the town would accept of the constitution or plan of government agreed upon by the Con- vention at Concord the vote was as follows : "Thirty-one voted to accept it ; five declined voting at all; two said they had not perused it sufficiently and did not know whether they belonged to the state of New Hampshire or to Vermont. One objected to one article respect- ing the Governor, that no man shall be eligible as Governor more than three years in any seven."
The above vote was passed during the time of the "Vermont Con-
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GENERAL OUTLINE HISTORY.
troversy," when it appears that a few in this town sympathized with Vermont.
A town meeting was held May 28, 1783, at which seventy-three voters were present. They voted to reconsider the vote passed in regard to the adoption of the State Constitution, and, feeling their own inability to determine rightly in regard to the matter, they voted to " confide in the wisdom and justice of the Legislature of the State to act as they shall think most just and equitable." Thomas Applin, Calvin Frink and Aaron Parsons were chosen a committee to draft instructions to the delegate in the General Court.
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