USA > New Jersey > Mercer County > Trenton > History of the city of Trenton, New Jersey : embracing a period of nearly two hundred years, commencing in 1676, the first settlement of the town, and extending up to the present time, with official records of the population, extent of the town at different periods, its manufactories, church history, and fire department > Part 1
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Gc 974.902 T72r 1533283
M
GENEALOGY COLLECTION
ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY 3 1833 02256 0228
Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2016
https://archive.org/details/historyofcityoft00raum_0
Rocky Hill
Kingston
Vy
Millstone
C
River
6
B
Stony Brook
G
lou's
Key to engagements on 2nd & 3rd Jan !. 1777.
G AAA Assunpink Creek & Campfireground 0 Bridge over ditto
B American near Five mile Run
C Maidenhead now Lawrenceville
D Cochranes
ccc Hand & Forest ut Shabbakong
dd Cornwallis in columnn
F
hhh St.Clair brigade at ford of the Assunpink Wilkinson's position
GGG Night March per Quaker Road
B Quaker Meeting House Stony Brook
f
5.5 William Clark's House
7. Thomas Clark's House
1.2 American line under Mercer
3.4. British under Mawhood
000 Moulders Battery
bbb Washington rallying Penna. tmops
h Hitchcock's Regiment rushing up
X 17 th British Regiment repulsed & running off towards Pennington
K
C 55 th Regiment hattiny Last stand made by the British
P Princeton College
yVY March of the Americans leaving Princeton Road to Brunswick
LLL Branch Turnpike
Scale 12 Mile to an Inch. 2 3
4 5
The Duval Steam Lith. Co.Philo
aker Fidge
> P
Rocky Hill.
Kingston
Millstone
C
River
D
Stony Brook
I. Meadow's
Eurht
Key to engagement s on 2 ud & 35 Jany 1777.
AAA Assunpink Circk & Campfireground
0 Bridge wer ditto American urar Five mile Kun
C Maidenhead now Lawriterville Coclunes
D
Hand &Forest at Shabbakm
dd Cornnullis in column
hlıh. St.Clair brigade ut fort of the Assunpink
F Wilkinson s position GGG Night March per Quuker Road
B Quaker Meeting House
f Stony Brook
7. 5.5 William Clark's House Thomas Clarks House
1.2 American line under Mercer
3.4. British under Hawhood
000 Moulders Battery
bbb Wieshinyton rallying Penna . Imops h Hitchouck 's Regiment rushing up
x 77 the British Regiment repulsed &running off towants Pennington
C 55 th Regiment hatinny
K Last stand made by the British
P Princeton College
vyy March of'the Americms leaving Princeton Roud to Brunswick
ILL Branch Turnpike
Scate '2 Mile toan Inch.
5
F Hessians surrender
G lands Ritle corps
Morrisville Fait
h Scott Luwson & the Parkers Virginia Troops
.
1\
": Dusel Stain Isn't to Phe"
PART OF NEW JERSEY embracing Trenton &-Princeton to exhibit the operations of the AMERICAN & BRITISH ARMIES Jan istzude 3rd 1777 with GENI WASHINGTON'S
previous movements against. the Hessians under Col. Rahl at Trenton
Dec254 & 26th 1776 Compiled by C.C. Haven In. 1859. Chefly from Wilkinson's Memoirs & Maps. Published 1816.
Bear Tavern
MOKonky's Ferry
8
A
Jacob's Creek
Five Mile Run 4
Bridge
CREEK
G
c
A
Cruel
Sandlowu f .---
Key to Battle of Dec! 26 /h 1776.
A
L
A Route of Gen! Washington
B Route of Sullivans division.
a Mº honky's ferryright & hall'miles to Trenton
Port Run
b Road to Bear lavern one mile
RTPER
e Cadwullader's d Gen! Dickinson
e Rutherfordls
Blooms bury
Shabbakony
Dec"26.1776
Route of Gien! Washington
DELAWARE
River Road " As Konte of Gen! Sullivan
Penninylon Road
B
c
Maulen+ Head
Mile Run
G
Meadows
ASSUNPINK
١
Stephen Wicker
HISTORY
1
OF THE
CITY OF TRENTON,
NEW JERSEY,
Embracing a Period of Nearly Two Hundred Years,
COMMENCING IN 1676, THE FIRST SETTLEMENT OF THE TOWN, AND EXTENDING UP TO THE PRESENT TIME, WITH OFFICIAL RECORDS OF THE POPULATION, EXTENT OF THE TOWN AT DIFFERENT PERIODS, ITS MANUFACTORIES, CHURCH HISTORY, AND FIRE DEPARTMENT.
BY JOHN O. RAUM.
TRENTON, N. J .: W. T. NICHOLSON & CO., PRINTERS ..
1871.
51
1533283
INDEX.
CHAPTER I.
PAGE
Letters patent of Charles II. to the Duke of York, 1664-Con- sideration for the grant-Power and authority-Seal of the province of New York affixed-James, Duke of York, re- leases to Lord John Berkley and Sir George Carteret, June 24th, 1664, the province of Nova Cæsarea or New Jersey- Consideration money-Concessions or agreements of the Lords Proprietors-Powers of the Governor-Powers of other officers-Allegiance to the Crown and fidelity to the Lords Proprietors-Courts-Levy taxes-Establish militia- Naturalization-Land grants to settlers-Highways and streets-First Governor-East and West Jersey 1
CHAPTER II.
First Legislature-Laws of first Session-Every Male to furnish himself Arms and Ammunition-Punishment for Arson- False Swearing-Kidnapping-Burglary-Stealing-Pun- ishment of Witches-Smiting or Cursing Father or Mother -Night-walking, Drinking, and frequenting Tippling-houses -Defraying the Public Expenses-Licenses for Marriage- Runaway Apprentices and Servants-Fine for Transporting or Harboring the Same-Drunkenness, how Punished- Brand-mark for II orses and Cattle-Ordinary-Trading with Indians prohibited-Working on Sunday, how punished- What Goods exempt from destraint-Weights and Measures to be sealed-Leather to be sealed-First Day of Public Thanksgiving in the Province-Governor's Salary-Division of the Province into Four Counties-General Assembly, Courts, Public Records removed from Elizabethtown to Amboy Perth-Division of the Counties-School-masters established -Schools regulated-Concessions and Agree- ments between East and West Jersey, etc., etc.
15
iv
INDEX.
CHAPTER III.
PAGE
First Patent-When granted-Extent of Land contained therein -Reservations made by the Crown-Pretended claim of the Dutch and Swedes-New Jersey-When set off from New York-Extent of East and West Jersey-First Purchases- Consideration paid for Lands-First Settlement at Burling- ton-Flood at Delaware Falls-Littleworth, the original name of Trenton
29
CHAPTER IV.
First Settlers of Yorkshire Tenth, northern part of Hopewell Township-When taken up-Trenton and Ewing-Location -Population-Religious Institutions, etc .- Lands in Tren- ton and Hopewell
41
CHAPTER V.
The places of Public Worship-Friends-Episcopalian-Presby- terian-First houses in Trenton-William Trent's purchase -Boundaries of Burlington-Creation of Hunterdon County -Mrs. Penelope Stout shipwrecked, and attacked and badly wounded by the Indians-Iler recovery and Descendants- First Courts in Hunterdon-Where held-First Judges- Grand Juries, etc .- High Sheriff's complaint of the Jail- Trial of the Rev. John Rowland for Theft, and of Rev. William Tennent for Perjury.
50
CHAPTER VI.
First Courts in Trenton-Original Boundaries of the Town- Place of the first Court-IIouse of the County of Hunterdon -Trenton Bank-The town named Trenton-Colonel Wil- liam Trent-First Families-Mr. Trent's first Residence- Naming the Town-Builders of Friends' Meeting-House- First Borough Charter from George II., including from Crosswicks Creek to Amwell-First Borough Officers- Division of the town and country Congregations-Trenton made the seat of Government.
67
V
INDEX.
CHAPTER VII.
PAGE
Second Charter of the city-First Officers-Market Houses- Mayors-Recorders-Aldermen-The Pillory and Whipping- post-Prevalence of the Yellow Fever-The Government Office removed to Trenton-President Adams' residence here-South Trenton-Its incorporation with the city- Boundaries of the city
74
CHAPTER VIII.
Churches and their Pastors-Presbyterian-Episcopal-Church at Lawrence-Church in Ewing-Separation of the city and country Congregations-Evangelical Church-German Re- formed Church-Reformed Dutch Church-Baptist Churches -Methodist Churches-Roman Catholic Churches-Evan- gelical Lutheran Church-Universalist Church, etc 87
CHAPTER IX.
First Presbyterian Church-New Building-Mysterious Vault- Church in Maidenhead-Ewing-German Reformed Church -Evangelical Society-Reformed Dutch Church-St. Mi- chael's Church-St. Paul's Church-Trinity Church-Metho- dist Episcopal Churches, etc., etc. 104
CHAPTER X.
Trenton in 1776-Extent of the town-Queen street-Front street-Second street-King street-Route taken by the American Army-Generals Washington, Greene, Sullivan, Dickinson, Ewing, Sterling, Mercer, Stevens, Cadwalader, Mifflin-Colonels Baylor and Brearley-Captains William Washington, Forrest, and Morris-Lord Cornwallis, British Commander-in-Chief-Colonel Rahl, Hessian Commander- Crossing the Delaware-Washington's guides to the city- Commencement of the battle-Lieutenant Monroe-Bravery of Mrs. Clarke-Council of war-Retreat of the American Army by the Sandtown road across Quaker bridge to Stony Brook-Death of General Mercer
152
vi
INDEX.
CHAPTER XI.
PAGE
Second battle, or Cannonading of Trenton-Battle of Princeton -Eagle Tavern-Council of war-Retreat of the Americans by the Sandtown road, across Quaker bridge, to Stony Brook -Death of General Mercer-Major Trent-Obituary notice of the death of Judge Trent-Destruction of the bridges in Warren and Greene streets-Destruction of Trent's old mill by flood-H. McCall's purchase-Destruction of the Ameri- can Inn by fire. 168
CHAPTER XII.
Washington's Reception at Trenton in 1789-An unpublished note of General Washington to the Ladies of Trenton -- Population of the city in 1810, '20, '40, '50, '55, '60, '70- Capital invested in Arts and Manufactories-Roads, Travel- ing, etc .- Blazing Star Ferry-Delaware and Raritan Canal and Camden and Amboy Railroad. 182
CHAPTER XIII.
Literary Institutions -- Newspapers-New Jersey Gazette-State Gazette -- True American-Emporium-People's Advocate -Union-Argus-Plaindealer-Sheet Anchor-New Jersey Temperance Herald-Weekly Visitor -- Daily News-Clay Banner-Trentonian-Republican Privateer-Reformer and New Jersey Temperance Advocate-Mercer Standard-Free Press-Trenton Academy-Public and Private Schools- Libraries-Apprentices Library-Trenton Library-Consti- tutional Library-Trenton Institute-Irving Institute-Me- chanics Institute-Trenton Lyceum 210
CHAPTER XIV.
Manufactories-Stacy's Mill erected in 1680-Steel Works of Stacy Potts in 1776-Fithian's Cotton Mill-Converted into a Paper Mill-Subsequent Owners of Paper Mill-Coxe's Mill, 1756-Steel Works built in 1769-Betts and Parmly's Nail Factory, 1800-Hall and Anderson's Distillery, 1800 -- Billing's Carding Machine in 1817-Mill of Lawrence Huron in 1814-Sartori's Calico Factory, 1817-Brister's Mills, and the various Manufactories on the Trenton Water Power, etc., etc.
234
vii
INDEX.
CHAPTER XV.
PAGE
New Jersey State Prison-First Opening in 1798-Its Builder- The Guard-house, or Sentry Box-Two Men Shot in an Attempt to Escape-One Killed, the other badly Wounded -Enlargement of Old Prison-Inscription on Old Prison- Commencement and Completion of New Prison-New Jer- sey Arsenal-New Jersey Lunatic Asylum. 258
CHAPTER XVI.
Miscellaneous-First Post-Office in Trenton, where located and by whom kept-Each subsequent Postmaster under the dif- ferent Administrations to the Present Time-Quartering of Troops at Trenton, in 1755, by King George II .- Charter of Bridge across the Delaware-To whom Granted-Erection of Bridge-Floods in the Delaware-Destruction of Bridges on the Same-Trenton Water Works-Charter, to whom Granted-Charter Transferred to the City-Officers Ap- pointed by the City-Banking Institutions-Trenton Bank -- State Bank -- Mechanics and Manufacturers Bank-America Bank-Trenton Saving Fund-Lodges, Masonic and Odd Fellows
268
CHAPTER XVII.
Meeting of Congress at Trenton-Visit of Lafayette-Congres- sional Buildings on the Delaware-Robbery of the State Treasury -- Professor D'Ossiere-Contraband Goods Seized- First Almanac-Court of Admiralty-Judge Trent's Planta- tion-Stage Boats-Dialogue between Satan and Arnold- United States National Bank-Ferries-Isaac Collins' Quarto Bible-Church Lottery-Sand-Bar. 290
CHAPTER XVIII.
State House-State Library-State Librarian-Government House-Encroachment upon State Property by Citizens of Trenton-Water Works-John Fitch, the Inventor of the Steamboat "City of Trenton"-Wards-Borough of South Trenton-Congress-Elections-Model Message of the Gov- ernor-Resolution Fire Company-Trenton and New Bruns- wick Turnpike Company-Lottery to remove Obstructions in the Delaware.
311
viii
INDEX.
CHAPTER XIX.
PAGE
The Old Jail-State Bank-Trenton Aqueduct Company-War of 1812-Trenton Library Company-Mayor's Court-Manu- facturing Companies-Mercer Cemetery-Riverview Ceme- tery-Temperance Beneficial Society-Trenton Insurance Company-Evangelical Reformed Church-Trenton Monu- ment Association-Nottingham Schools 340
CHAPTER XX.
Trenton Iron Company-Trenton Mutual Life and Fire Insur- ance Company-Trenton Gas Light Company-Union Health Insurance Company-Trenton and Lehigh Transportation Company-Pacific Mutual Insurance Company-Locomotive Works-Widows' Home-Patent Promoting Company- Trenton Boat and Dockyard Company-Horse Railroad- City Bridge-Union Industrial Home Association-Masonic Hall Association 349
CHAPTER XXI.
Trenton Arms Company-Trenton Car Works-Normal and Model Schools -Trenton Chain Manufactory - Normal School Boarding-House-Trenton Co-operative Benefit So- ciety-Soldiers' Children's Home-Trenton Lock Company -- Delaware Manufacturing Company-Trenton Hall and Building Association-New Jersey Silver Mining Company -East Trenton Land and Building Association 355
CHAPTER XXII.
Trenton Skating Park Club-Trenton Gold and Silver Mining Company-Ransome Patent Stone Company-Trenton Vise and Tool Company-Yuma Silver Mining Company-Cen- tral Market-Mercer Gold and Silver Mining Company- National Pottery Company-Trenton Agricultural Works- New Jersey Pottery Company-Union Pottery Company- Trenton Woolen Company-Trenton Ice Company-Conti- nental Saw Company-Washington Market Association- Merchants and Traders Protective Union 358
ix
INDEX.
CHAPTER XXIII.
PAGE
Swearing by the Uplifted Hand-Trenton Academy-Two Crimi- nals pardoned under the Gallows-Sale of Stills at Beatty's Ferry-Lower Trenton Ferry-Association to Prevent Trade with the Enemy-Ratification of the Treaty of Peace. ..... 362
CHAPTER XXIV.
Every Man a Soldier-To Provide Himself a Musket, and all the Necessary Ammunition-First Organized Military Com- panies-Names of the Different Military Companies and their Officers, from 1776 to 1870-The Late Rebellion- Number of Men Liable to do Military Duty in the State- Number of Men Sent into the Field-Excess Over all Calls Made by the Executive of the United States-Expenses of Fitting Them Out-Soldiers' Children's Home. 376
CHAPTER XXV.
Fire Department-Fire Association for the Relief of Disabled Firemen-Firemen's Beneficial Association-Fire Compa- nies - Union-Restoration - Hand-in-Hand -Resolution- Eagle-Delaware-Good Will-Harmony - Trenton Hose, No. 1-America Hose, No. 2-Hook and Ladder Companies -Protection-Trenton Hose. 389
CHAPTER XXVI.
Additional Manufactories Omitted under their Appropriate Heads-Shoemaker's Almanac-Thomas Chalkley's Narra- tive of Travel-Blazing Star Hotel-Bull's Head Hotel- Indian King and Indian Queen Hotels-Trenton Directories -Veto of Mayor Hamilton-Indigent Widows' and Single Women's Home
441
PREFACE.
"THERE is no city but has its local interests, which, when collected together and placed before its citizens, call up recollections of many things long since forgotten, and which, but for the historian, would never again, per- haps, have been called to mind. The time and development of its resources, its public improvements, when and where constructed, and its public institu- tions, when and where erected, are all matters of local, if not general interest. The compiler of this work has labored to lay before the public the origin, first settlement, its manufacturing interests, from the earliest day to the present time, together with all matters that he thought would be of interest, not only to the citizens of Trenton, but to many who have been residents, but now removed to other parts.
He does not claim that the work contains everything that has transpired during nearly two centuries of our existence as a village, borough, town, and city. He has, nevertheless, culled from the voluminous matter that has come to hand such things as he supposed would be of peculiar interest to our present inhabitants, as it would be an impossibility to present in detail, in a single volume, all matters of an interesting nature that have occurred in our city during the period covered by this history.
This volume is mainly compiled from authentic sources, as the compiler has had full and free access to all documents contained in the State Library, from which most of the information herein presented has been obtained. It is intended to show the origin and first settlement of a city which, in its revo- lutionary history, is second to no other city on our continent, and which con- tains within itself the elements of everything that should make it a thriving and prosperous city. Its facilities for manufacturing purposes are unsurpassed, being so contiguous to the great markets of the western world; the cheapness of its lands, its extensive water power, and facilities for shipping to all parts
xii
PREFACE.
of the world, render it truly a desirable place for all kinds of manufactories. Yet, while it possesses these great advantages, it is at least twenty-five years behind the age in those elements which tend to make a city great. Possessing the facilities which we do, there is nothing to prevent our city achieving greatness, except the want of enterprise in its present inhabitants, and particu larly in the kind of material of which the legislative branch of our city is at present composed. Instead of encouraging enterprise, they seem to desireto throw every obstacle in the way. Our streets, instead of being paved, present the appearance of a country village; our city is poorly lighted, and police regulations bad. Thousands of dollars are annually spent upon the streets, and no one can see where the money is expended. If, on the contrary, the amount of money now expended in putting on a few loads of gravel, to be washed down the hills the first rain that occurs, should be used in paving at least one street in each year, we would, in a few years, find all our streets handsomely paved, with no additional expense to the tax payers, and they would then present a neat city appearance, free from dust and mud, and not that of a hamlet of the olden time, as they now do. There is no city better located for paving than ours; it requires no sewerage, as nature has amply provided all the drainage necessary. All we want is enterprise, and until we get this we cannot even boast of being a city in appearance.
Hoping this history, which has been compiled with great care, but which the author does not claim as being perfect, and regrets that it was not gotten up by some abler hand, will be an acceptable offering, and prove satisfactory to all who may read it, is the earnest wish of
TRENTON, August 1, 1871.
THE COMPILER.
T HISTORY OF T RENTON.
CHAPTER I.
Letters patent of Charles II. to the Duke of York, 1664-Considera- tion for the grant-Power and authority-Seal of the province of New York affixed-James, Duke of York, releases to Lord John Berkley and Sir George Carteret, June 24th, 1664, the province of Nova Cesarea or New Jersey-Consideration money-Concessions or agreements of the Lords Proprietors- Powers of the Governor-Powers of other officers-Allegiance to the Crown and fidelity to the Lords Proprietors-Courts- Levy taxes-Establish militia-Naturalization-Land grants to settlers-Highways and streets-First Governor-East and West Jersey.
A LTHOUGH this work is intended as a history of Trenton, I have taken the liberty of inserting at the commencement a few pages of state history, believing the same will be interest- ing to the general reader, giving him an insight into the first formation of our state, its habits and customs. Besides, the boundaries of our city have been so often changed, that in order fully to set them before the public, it is necessary to show the original bounds of the entire state.
Trenton, at one time, was in Monmouth county, then in Bur- dington and Hunterdon counties, and now in Mercer. At one time it was in Hopewell, Ewing, and Nottingham townships; it
A
2
HISTORY OF TRENTON.
now comprises an entire township, not designated as such, but known as the city of Trenton.
And also, because, as stated by Dr. Hall, in his History of the Presbyterian Church, "the territory embraced in the present bounds of the city of Trenton lies so near the boundary between the Berkley and the Carteret grants, or the eastern and the western sections of the provine, that its history is connected with that of both the original divisions."
The first discoveries made in this country were in 1497, on the twenty-fourth of June, by John Cabot, a native of Venice, under a commission given by Henry VII. of England. He discovered what is now known as the Island of New Foundland.
His son, Sebastian, made a second voyage to this continent, and in the month of May, 1498, discovered a large extent of this country.
Many years subsequent, Sebastian made a third voyage, under the direction of Henry VIII. of England, and discovered the most southern section of the country, which he named Florida. He did not attempt to establish a settlement, but took posses- sion of the country on behalf of the crown of England.
In 1500 two voyages were made to this country by the Portuguese.
In 1508 the coast was visited by Normandy fishermen, and in 1523 a more formidable undertaking was entered upon by the French, to establish colonies in this country, under command of John Veranzo, a Florentine navigator of high repute. Francis I. fitted out four ships and placed them under his command.
In 1606, during the reign of James I., a patent was issued by that monarch dividing Virginia, which at that time included nearly the whole country, into two equal parts. In the second part was included what are now the states of Maryland, Dela- ware, Pennsylvania, and part of New Jersey.
The following grants and concessions will more particularly designate the founding of our state :
Among the grants and concessions in Carteret's time, between 1664 and 1682, published by Aaron Leaming and Jacob Spicer, and printed by William Bradford, of Philadelphia, printer to the King's Most Excellent Majesty for the province of New
3
HISTORY OF TRENTON.
Jersey, containing the acts of the proprietary government before the surrender of Queen Anne, the instrument of the surrender, and her formal acceptance thereof.
In Lord Cornbury's commission and instructions consequent thereon, published by virtue of an act of the legislature of the said province, we find, among a number of other things, the following :
"Anne, by the Grace of God of Great Britain, France, and Ireland, QUEEN, defender of the faith, &c. To all whom these our present letters shall come, greeting : know ye, that among the records remaining in our secretary's office of our province of New York, in America, at our fort at New York, in America, we have inspected certain letters patents granted unto his late Royal Highness, James, Duke of York, deceased, which fol- loweth in these words :
" Charles II., by the Grace of God, King of England, Scotland, France, and Ireland, defender of the faith, &c. To all to whom these presents shall come, greeting : know ye, who for divers good causes and considerations us thereunto moving, have of our especial grace, certain knowledge, and mere motion, given and granted, and by these presents for us, our heirs, and successors, do give and grant unto our dearest brother, James, Duke of York, his heirs and assigns, all that part of the main- land of New England, begining at a certain place called or known by the name of St. Croix, next adjoining to New Scot- land in America, and from thence extending along the sea coast unto a certain place called Petuaquine or Pequamaquid, and so up the river thereof to the farthest head of the same as it tendeth northward ; and extending from thence to the river of Kenebeque, and so upwards by the shortest course to the river of Canada, northward. And also, all that Island of Islands, commonly called by the several name or names of Matowacks or Long Island, situate, lying, and being towards the west of Cape Cod and the Narrow Higansetts, abutting upon the main land between the two rivers there, called or known by the several names of Connecticut or Hudson's river ; together, also, with the said river called Hudson's river, and all the lands from the west side of Connecticut to the east side of Delaware bay. And also,
4
HISTORY OF TRENTON.
all these several islands called or known by the names of Martin's Vineyard and Nantukes, or otherwise Nantuckett; together with all the lands, islands, soils, rivers, harbors, mines, minerals, quarries, woods, marshes, waters, lakes, fishings, hawkings, huntings, and fowlings; and all other royaltys, profits, com- modities and hereditaments to said several islands, lands, and premises belonging and appertaining, with their and every of their appurtenances; and all our estate, right, title, interest, benefit, advantage, claim, and demand of, in, or to the said lands and premises, or any part or parcel thereof, and the reversion and reversions, remainder and remainders ; together with the yearly and other rents, revenues, and profits of all and singular the said premises, and of every part and parcel thereof. To be given and granted unto our dearest brother, James, Duke of York, his heirs and assigns, forever ; to be holden of us, our heirs and successors, as of our manor of East Greenwich, in our county of Kent, in free and common soccage, and not in capitie, nor by knight service yielding and rendering."
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