USA > New Jersey > Passaic County > Paterson > History of Paterson and its environs (the silk city); historical- genealogical - biographical > Part 6
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Another aged Indian, called Hans, living near Bergen, said that "the first and great beginning of all things, was Kickeron or Kickerom, who is the origin of all, who has not only once produced or made all things, but produces every day. All that we see daily that is good, is from him; and everything he makes and does is good. He governs all things, and nothing is done without his aid and direction. 'And,' he continued, 'I, who am a Captain and Sakemaker among the Indians; and also a medicine-man, and have per- formed many good cures among them, experience every day that all medi- cines do not cure, if it do not please him to cause them to work'." Being told of what Tantaqué had said of the tortoise, how it had brought forth the world, or that all things had come from it: "That was true," he replied, "but Kickeron made the tortoise, and the tortoise had a power and a nature to produce all things, such as earth, trees, and the like, which God wished through it to produce, or have produced."
Living so close to nature as did these dusky sons of the forest, it is not strange that they looked upon the earth as their universal mother.
39
THE ABORIGINES
"THE INDIAN INTERPRETER."
A great deal of what is known at the present day of the language of the i_enâpé is taken from a document known as "The Indian Interpreter." This document has been studied by numerous students and a number of versions and attempted translations have been published. But it was not until 1912 that the difficult task was accomplished in a complete form, this work being the result of studies made by J. Dyneley Prince, of Columbia University. Dr. Prince prepared the following monograph on the subject :
While at Trenton as acting governor of New Jersey in 1912, the writer found in the vaults of the Department of State an old manuscript volume of deeds, pertaining to Salem county, N. J.1 In this collection, inserted next to a deed bearing the date 1684, is "the Indian Interpreter," a list of 261 words and phrases in the English of the period and in a mixed dialect of the New Jersey Delaware language, the arrangement being at random with no attempt at alphabetical order. The material given in this list was published without comment in Lossing's "Historical Record" (vol. I, 1872, pp. 308-311), but so faultily, with so many misunderstandings of the original orthography, and with such a quantity of typographical errors, that the reproduction is of no service whatever to students of the Lenâpé. The writing in the manuscript is somewhat difficult to read for one accustomed only to modern script. Thus, there are many ambiguous characters, such as the similar capitals S-L and R-K, and the almost identically written minuscule n-r-v-s; l-h, etc., so that a person entirely unacquainted with Lenâpé could hardly hope to make even an approximately correct transcription of the Indian words.
The list is of considerable philological interest, first, because it undoubt- edly represents a trader's jargon, used between the Delaware river whites and the Indians, almost grammarless and based chiefly on English construc- tion, like the Chinook and Eskimo traders' idioms of the North ; and secondly, because the Delaware material, broken and erroneous as it often is, is not entirely Minsi. There can be no doubt that we have here Unami and Una- lachtigo elements as well as Minsi. The following instances should be com- pared : nahaunum 'raccoon' (below nr. 76) ; miningus 'mink' (80) ; copy 'horse' (83) ; s for sch in singkoatam (97) ; s for tsch in singa 'when' (II0; JI4) ; r for l in ruti 'good' ( 125) ; raamunga 'within' (135) ; rhenus for leno man' (227-228) ; roanonhheen 'northwest wind' ( 180), none of which words or peculiarities is of northern origin.2
Strangely enough, Brinton, in his "Lenâpé and their Legends," makes no mention of this manuscript material in the Salem Records, although he knew of and commented briefly on the Traders' Jargon.3 The jargon of the Salem Records and that given by Thomas3 are identical, save that the former source is much fuller than the few specimens cited by Thomas. The jargon words given by Thomas, which are not found in or are noticeably variant from the language of the Salem Records, are comparatively few and are as follows :4
1Salem Surveys, No. 2; stiff paper. yellow with age, in original leather binding. 2Cf. J. D. Prince, The Modern Minsi Delaware Dialect, "Amer. Jour. of Philol.," xxi, pp. 295-302.
3Op cit., pp. 75 ff., as instanced by Gabriel Thomas in his "History and Geogra- phy; Account of the Province and Country of Pennsylvania and West New Jersey in America," London, 1698, a still accessible reprint of which appeared in New York in 1848.
4The following abbreviations have been used throughout this paper: B. = Brin- ton, "Lenâpé-English Dictionary," Philad., 1888; Z. = Zeisberger's "Indian Diction- ary," printed from the original manuscript, Cambridge, 1887; Pass. == Passamaquoddy ;
40
PATERSON AND ITS ENVIRONS
apecchi 'quickly' = SR. V hapitcha (117).
aroosise 'old' = Z. mihilúsis 'old man', from stem = 'decay'.
benoin (g) tid 'boys'; not a plural = Del. pilwin 'young (pil) one' (win) + the dim. V -tit. Note the interchange of / and n, Unalachtigo fashion.
beto 'fetch' = SR. petto (110).
chekenip 'turkey'; Unalachtigo form (Brinton, "Lenape", p. 37) = SR. sickenom (21).
chase 'skin' = SR. hayes (70). Palatalization of Del. ches. See below s. v. kachi.
chetena 'strong' = Z. tschitanne 'hard'; ntschitannessi 'I am strong'.
enychan 'children'; not a plural = Z. nitschaan 'my child'; Aben. and Pass. nijan. etka 'or' = etck 'where it may be'; used like the Germ. sci; Fr. soit for 'or'.
haloons 'shot' = SR. alluns (48).
hayly 'very' = B. cheli 'much'.
hita 'friend'; cf. SR. 58.
hodi 'farewell' = Eng. 'howdy'.
kabay 'horse'= SR. copy (58).
kachi 'how many' =Z. kechi; B. kecchi. This guttural must have been pronounced with a strong palatalization to be represented by Eng. ch! Cf. below, marchkec.
koon 'winter' = SR. coon (16).
marchkec 'red' = Z. mechksitschik 'red ones'.
megis 'sheep' = SR. mckis (87).
mogy 'yes' = SR. mochee (98). Note the use of g in Eng. for the palatal sound. moos 'cow' == SR. muse (85).
(kee) namen 'you see' = Z. nemen; common Algonquian stem.
neskec 'blue, black'; B. nescalenk or nesgessit lenape 'black men'.
nowa = Aben. nawa, a resumptive particle like Eng. 'now' at the beginning of a phrase.
ochqueon 'coat' = SR. aquewan (40). Was this palatal ch or a guttural? Most probably the latter owing to Dutch influence ( ?) on the notation.
opcg 'white' = SR. sepeck (41).
peo 'he will come'= SR. payo (133) ; poh (134).
squatid 'girls'. Not a plural; squa (w), on which see SR. 234 + dim. - tit.
tongtid 'young' = Z. tangeto 'little'; B. tangiti + dim. V -tit.
(nce ) weekin 'I live, dwell' = Z. wik 'house'; common Algonquian weesyouse 'meat' = SR. iwse (81).
Perhaps the most interesting phonetic feature of this jargon, of which the present paper gives all that is now extant, is the interchange of r and l. It will be observed that the writer of the Salem manuscript gives rhenus and leno for 'man' (227-228) ; ruti and olet for 'good' (123; 125), showing that, even as early as 1684, the whites could hardly distinguish between the Indian r and l. The r was no doubt similar to the old Aben. r of Rasles' Dictionary, which is now everywhere represented by l, and also to the Iroquois r which is at present beginning to become l on the St Regis reservation in northern New York; i. e., the old Delaware r was a thick palatal which permitted a ready permutation to both l and n, as was the case in Unalachtigo ( Brinton, Lenâpé, p. 38, and see just above s. v. bonoin (g) tid). It should be observed in studying the following comparisons, that both Brinton and Zeisberger used the German system of notation in writing the Lenâpé.
Aben. = Abenaki; A. = Albert Segaqkind Anthony, collaborator with Brinton in his "Lenâpé-English Dictionary ;" RW. = Roger Williams; SR. = Salem Records; OA. = Old Abnaki; P. = Prince. It should be noted that the phonetic system followed by the writer of the Salem Record is that of the English of the seventeenth century. Both Brinton and Zeisberger followed the German method of notation, with certain irreg- ularities on the part of Brinton.
41
THE ABORIGINES
THE INDIAN INTERPRETER. 1
I. cutte 'one'; B. nigutti; Z. gutti. The n is inherent; cf. Pass. neqt 'one'.
2. nisha 'two'; B. nischa; Z. nischi.
3. necca 'three'; B., Z. nacha.
4. neuwa 'four'; B., Z. newo.
5. palenah 'five'; B. palenach; Z. palénachk.
6. cuttas 'six'; B. guttasch; Z. guttaasch.
7. neshas 'seavon'; B. nischasch; Z. nischâsch. The -asch-element corresponds to the -ôs of the Aben. in nguedôz 'six'; tôbawôs 'seven'. It must have denoted 'five', as guttasch-nguedôz 'six' = 'one', plus -asch-ôs; i. e., the first element is gut-ngued = Pass. ncqt 'one'; while nischasch-tobawoz 'seven' = nisch and Aben. tôba-, Pass. taba 'two', + -asch-ôs; viz., 'one and five, two and five', etc. 8. haas 'eight'; B., Z. chaasch.
9. pescunk 'nine'; B. peschgonk; Z. peschgunk.
10. tellen 'ten'; B., Z. mctéllen.
II. tellen oak cutte 'eleven' ='ten and (oak) one'; Z. attach gutti; i. e., attach = 'more'; it denotes -teen. Cf. nr. 183.
12. tellen oak nishah 'twelve'; Z. tellet woak nische; attach nische.
13. tellen oak necca 'thirteen'; Z. tellet woak nacha; attach nacha.
14. tellen oak newwa 'fourteen'; Z. attach newa.
15. tellen oak pallenah 'fifteen'; Z. attach palénach.
16. tellen oak cuttas 'sixteen'; not given by Z.
17. tellen oak neshas 'seventeen'; not given by Z.
18. tellen oak haas 'eighteen'; Z. attach chaasch.
19. tellen oak pescunk 'nineteen'; Z. attach peschgunk.
20. nissinach 'twenty'; Z. nischinachke.
21. sickenom 'turkey'; B., Z. tschikenum (A. "archaic").
22. kahake 'goose'; B., Z. kaak 'wild g.' (A. kaág).
23. quing quing 'duck'; B. quiquingus. Onom.
24. neckaleekas 'hen'; seems onom. The nearest equivalent is B. quekolis; A. wekolis 'whip-poor-will'. Mod. Del. kikipisch; Z. gigibis; probably a reduplication of the Dutch kip (pen) 'chicken (s)'.
25. copohan 'sturgeon'; RW. kauposh; Aben. kabasa; connected with Z. copachcan 'thick, stiff'. Note OA. kabasse 'closed in'; same stem as Del. kpahhi 'close'; see below nr. 138.
26. hamo 'shad'; I cannot place; B., Z. schawanámmek.
27. hwissameck 'cattfish'; B. wisamek (A. = 'fat fish'; archaic; at present wahlheu 'mud-fish') ; Z. wísameek.
28. sehacameck 'eele'; B. schachamek; Z. schachameek (lit. 'it is a straight one').
29. cakickan 'pearch'; I cannot place. Perhaps should be read cakiclan, same stem as B. machkalingus; Z. moechkalingus 'sun-fish' ( ?).
30. lamiss 'fish'; B. names; Z. namees.
31. weeko 'suet, tallow'; B. wikul 'fat in animal's belly'; Z. wikull.
32. pomee 'grease, fať'; B. pomih; Z. pomi.
33. kee mauhulome 'wilt thou buy'? Z. mahallammen; B. mchallamen 'buy'. Cf. nr. 99.
34. kecko kee wingenum 'what wilt thou have'? kecko =Z. kocu; B. kolku 'what, something'. The root wing- appears in B. winginamen 'delight in'; Z. wingil- endam; Aben. n'wigiba-losa 'I should like to go', etc.
35. keck soe keckoc kee wingenum 'say what hast thou a mind to'. The -soc is clearly identified with the indefinite Pass. - ws in ke'kws 'what, anything'.
36. ne wingenum 'I have a mind to'.
37. kake 'wampum'; Z. gequak; B. gock., but A. (Mod. Del.) keekq.
38. sewan 'wampum'; perhaps Z. schejeek; B. schejek 'string of w'. (A. 'edge, borer'). 39. alloquepeter 'cap, hat'; B .. Z. alloquepi.
42
PATERSON AND ITS ENVIRONS
40. aquewan 'coate, cloak or wollen cloak'; B. achquiwanis 'blanket'; Z. achqurwanes. 41. wepeckaquewan 'a white match-coat'; the element wopeck 'white'= B. wapsu 'white'; Z. woapsu. "Matchcoat" meant 'leather coat'; Z. machtschi-lokces = 'leather string'.
42. himbiss 'cloath. lynnen'; cf. Z. hembsigawan 'tent'; lit. 'a cloth dwelling'; or 'where one dwells in cloth' (wig 'dwell').
43. sackutackan 'breeches'; Z. sackutáckan; B. chessachgutackan 'leather br'.
44. cockoon 'stokings'; B., Z. gagun.
45. seppock 'shoes' : root appears in Z. nemach-tschipachquall 'Indian shoes'.
46. piackickan 'gun'; B. paiachkikan 'gun'; lit. 'one fires it off'; from paiach-kammen 'fire off'. Contains Eng. 'fire' = paia; cf. Chinook Jargon word piah 'fire'. The consonant f is foreign to many Indian languages.
47. punck 'powder'; B. ponk 'dust' (A. 'ashes, powder') ; Z. atta neponggomiwi 'I have no powder'.
48. alunsc 'lead'; B. alluns 'arrow' (A. first 'arrow'; then 'bullet'). Proper word for 'lead' was tákachsin 'soft stone' (P.).
49. assin 'stone, iron, brass' (i. e., 'anything hard'; P.) ; B. achsin; Z. achsiin. In Del. 'iron' was sukachsin 'black stone' (P.) ; Z. sukachsin.
so. assinnus 'kettle. pot'; a jargon word from assin 'stone, iron', etc .; B., Z. hoos 'kettle'.
51. tomohickan 'ax'; Z. t'mahican; B. temahikan.
52. quippeleno 'hoe'; B. achquipelawon.
53. pocksucan 'knife'; A. pachschikan.
54. tocoshicta 'pair of sissers'; contains root of B. kschikan 'knife'.
55. shauta 'tobacco'; B. kschatey.
56. hapockon 'pipe'; Z. hopoacan; achpiquon. A. "archaic".
57. brandywyne 'rum'; proper word; lilenowokgan; Z.
58. netap 'friend'; really 'my friend'; cf. Pass. nitap, kitap 'my, thy f.' The full phrase here in the ms. seems to be hiyotl netap 'good be to thee friend', or 'thou good friend'. This hiyotl appears to be a part of the verb 'to be' = hiyo; cf. yu in Aben. and Pass. 'it is', and probably the root of wul- 'good'. The sentence is indistinct.
59. tackomen 'whence camest thou' = ta 'where' + k, 2 p. + omen 'come from'; cf. Z. tacúmen ; same meaning.
60. tacktaugh matcha 'whither goest thou' ?; Z. matchil 'go home'; but in Pass. mach, maj is the common root 'to go'. Tacktaugh = ta 'where' + k =2 p. + ktaugh, same element seen in Pass. future kti.
61. tana ke-matcha 'whither goest thou'? Cf. Pass. tan 'where, whither'. Cf. nr. 221. Tana = 'when', 119.
62. Undoque 'yonder' (little way) ; B. undachqui 'whereabouts'; undach 'here this way'. Cf. 113-222.
63. kecko lweuse 'what is thy name'? Really = 'his name'. B. luiwunsu 'he is called'; Aben. liwviso; Pass. w't-lewis. Cf. nr. 206.
64. hickole 'yonder'; Z. ikalisi; B. ika talli.
65. kecko kee hatta 'what hast thou' ?; B. olhatton 'have, possess'. Cf. nr. 194.
66. matta ne hatta 'I have nothing'; B. matta 'no, not'. Cf. nr. 95.
67. nce hatta 'I have'.
68. cutte hatta 'one buck'; lit. '(I) have one'; 'buck' = ajapcu; B. and Z.
69. nonshuta 'doe'; B. and Z. nunschetto.
70. hayes 'skin' (not dressed) ; B. ches; Z. choy.
"1. tomoque 'beaver'; B. ktemaque; Aben. tama'kwa.
72. hunnikick 'otter'; B. and Z. gúnamochk.
73. mwcs 'elk': B. mos; Z. moos.
43
THE ABORIGINES
74. mack 'boar'; I cannot place; B. gives welchos 'stallion, boar'. It is possible that the writer meant to write wack which might be a corruption of welchos.
75. hoccus 'fox'; Z. woakus 'gray fox'. Note the mod. N. J. place-name Hohokus, still translated "many foxes". This is probably an abbreviation of hôkusak 'foxes'.
76. nahaunum 'raccoon'; Z. náchenum. The Minsi word was cspan (cf. A. in Brin- ton), a word which still lives in the Jersey Dutch of Bergen County häspân; cf. J. D. Prince, The Jersey Dutch Dialect, Dialect Notes, vol. III, part vi, p. 479.
77. linqwes 'wild cat'; Z. tschinque. In the Minsi of the north, a form similar to the Pass. lox 'wolverene' must have existed, as we find the word katelos for 'wild cat' in Jersey Dutch (Prince, op. cit., p. 484).
78. hannick 'squirrel'; Z. anicus 'fence-mouse' = 'ground squirrel' or 'chipmunk'.
79. tumaummus 'hare'; Z. tschemammus.
80. miningus 'a minks' ='mink'; Z. winingus. This seems to show the derivation of the Eng. mink; Swed. mänk from the Delaware dialects.
81. Iwse 'I use meat' or 'flesh'; really 'meat'; B. ojoos; Z. ojos.
82. kush-kush 'hog'; B. and Z. goschgasch; onomatopoeia.
83. copy 'horse'; I cannot place. The proper word was B. nenajungus; Z. nechnajun- gees. Kabay is given by Thomas (see above Introduction).
84. ninnenuggus 'mare'; Z. nechnaungési ochquechum = 'horse female'.
85. muse 'cow'; B. mos; now = 'deer' and 'elk' (A.).
86. nonackon 'milk'; I do not believe there ever was a Delaware word for 'milk'. This word in B. = nonagan; Z. nunagan 'nipple, mamma'.
87. makees 'sheep'; B. mekis, onom. from memekis 'bleat'.
88. minne 'drink' or 'ale'; B. menen 'drink'; menewagan 'drinking'; Z. menewoacan 'drink' (n.).
89. pishbee 'small beer'; Z. mbîl 'beer'. Contains the root -bi 'water'.
90. hosequen 'corne'; Z. chasqueem; B. mesaquem 'ear of c.'
91. pone 'bread'; B. and Z. achpaan; B. nd-apponhe 'I make br.' This word survives in the Amer. South for 'corn-bread'.
92. hoppenas 'turnips'; B. hobbin 'potato'; Z. hobbenis 'turnip', with dim. - s.
93. seckha 'salt'; Z. sikey (A. "archaic").
94. kee wingenum une 'dost thou like this'; une = B. won 'this'.
95. matta 'no'; B. and Z. matta 'no, not' = the neg. atta with m-prefix.
96. me matta wingeni 'I don't care for it'; note the Eng. me in the jargon for Del. ne-ni and also the neg. - i.
97. singkoatum 'I do not care'; 'I will cast it away'; B. schingattam 'be unwilling, dis- approve'.
98. machee 'ay, yes'; Z. moschini 'clearly'; Z. gives bischi 'yes, indeed'.
99. Me mauholumi 'I will buy it'; again Eng. mc as above; Z. mahallammen; B. mehal- lamen 'buy'. The -i here may be a relic of the I p. - i = 'I will buy it for my- self' (?).
100. ke manniskin une 'wilt thou sell this'? The stem mahal = 'sell'; cf. Z. na (sic != ne-) mahallamagentsch 'I will s. it'. In Aben., however, manahômen = 'sell'; clearly same stem as here.
IOI. kecko gull une 'how many guilders for this'? On kecko, see nr. 34; gull 'guilder'; Dutch gulden.
102. kako meele 'what wilt thou give for this'? The root mil is common Algonquian for 'give'; cf. Pass. ke'kw k'milin wechi ni 'what wilt thou give me for this'? 103. cutte wickan cake 'one fathom of wampum'; cf. B. newo wikan 'four fathoms'.
104. nee meele 'I will give thee'; should be k'milen, Z .; cf. Aben. k'milel. Cf. nr. 144. 105. cutte steepa 'one stiver'; Dutch stuiver.
106. steepa 'farthing' = 'stiver'.
44
PATERSON AND ITS ENVIRONS
107. cutte gull 'one guilder ; sixpence'.
108. momolicomum 'I will leave this in pawn'; must contain root mol, seen in Z. wulat- schi-mol-sin 'trcat about peace'.
109. singa kee natunnum 'when wilt thou fetch it'? Z. tschinge 'when'; B. naten (A. 'go after something') ; Z. n'natammen 'I will fetch'.
IO. singa kee petta 'when wilt thou bring it'? Z. petoon 'bring'.
III. necka couwin 'after three sleeps; 3 daies hence'; Z. gauwin 'sleep' (cf. nr. 183).
112. tana kee natunum; see 109.
113. undoque 'yonder'; see 62.
114. singa 'when'; Z. tschinge.
115. iucka 'day'; really B. juke 'now'; juke gischquik 'to-day'. Cf. nrs. 129; 257.
116. kis quicka 'this day ; a day'; B. gischquik; Z. idem.
117. hapitcha 'by and by'; Z. pecho; B. apitschi.
118. alloppan 'to-morrow'; Z. alappa; A. ajappa.
119. tana hatta 'when hadst thou it'? Tana 'whither' (61) = Pass. tan 'what, where, when'.
120. quash matta diecon 'why didst thou lend it'? B. and Z. quatsch 'why'; note Z. k'nattemihi 'lend me.' The ms. form must be for k'nattadikon 'he lends it to thee'; cf. Aben. k'mil'gon 'he gives it thee'.
121. kacko pata 'what hast thou brought' ?; B. peton; Z. petoon 'fetch'. Note the absence of the personal prefix.
122. cuttas quing quing 'six ducks'; cf. nrs. 6 and 23.
123. olet 'it is good'; B. and Z. wulit.
124. matta olet 'it is bad'; lit. 'it is not good'.
125. matta ruti 'it is good for nothing'; matta 'not'; ruti= luti = the stem wul- + the neg. - i.
126. husco seeka 'it is very hansom'; B. and Z. husca 'very'; Z. schiki 'handsome'. 127. husco matit 'it is very ugly'; Z. machtit 'ugly'.
128. ke runa matauka 'thou wilt fight'; quite a wrong translation; ke runa = kiluna, the incl. 'we'. The plural 'you' would have been kiluwa; 'thou' = ke -.
129. Iough matcha 'get thee gone'; lit. 'now go'; iough= B. juke 'now'; cf. nr. 115; matcha 'go depart'; cf. nrs. 60; 61.
130. undoque matape 'sit yonder'; Z. bemattachpil 'sit'.
131. ne mathit wingenum 'we will be quiet'; really 'I will', etc .; mathit must be a cor- ruption of Z. clammieche 'be still, lie quiet'; B. klamachpin (?). Note the ap- parent use of wingenum 'wish', for the future. The jargon reproduces the guttural by th; cf. nrs. 235; 260.
132. noa 'come hither, come back'. Probably from B. nawochgen 'follow', seen also in the resumptive nawa.
133. payo 'to come'; B. paan; Z. peu 'he comes'.
134. match poh 'he is come; coming'. This use of match- to denote the present action is common in Aben. and Pass. Note Z. peu 'he comes'.
135. raa munga 'within'; Z. allamunque. raa-m = lam in Aben. and Pass. lami 'within, inside'.
136. cochmink 'without'; B. kotschemunk; Z. kotschmunk; Pass. kotchmek.
137. tungshena 'open'; Z. ntunkschememen 'I open it'; B. tenktschechen; tonktschen- emen. -
138. poha 'shuť'; B. kpahi; A. kpahhi; Pass. k'baha.
139. scunda 'the door'; Z. esquande = Eingang.
140. ke cakeus 'thou art drunk'; Z. achkienchsu 'a drunken man'.
141. opposicon 'beyond thyself' = 'drunk'. Probably = B. achpussin 'broil, roast'; here = achpussikan 'he broils him; he is broiled'; slang (?).
142. husko opposicon 'much drunk'.
143. mockorick 'a great deal' = B. mechakgilik 'great'; macheli; mecheli 'more'.
45
THE ABORIGINES
144. maleema cacko 'give me something'; mil 'give' (see nr. 104) ; the form should be milil 'give me'; Aben. milin.
145. abij; bee 'water'; Z. m'bi; B. mbi; Aben. nebi.
146. minatau 'a little cup to drink in'; men is a common Algonquian stem 'to drink'. B. menachtin 'drink together'.
147. mitchen 'victuals'; B. misewagan; Z. mizewoagan.
148. mets 'eat'; Z. misin; and cf. Aben. mits 'eat'.
149. poneto 'let it alone'; Z. ponih 'leave off, let it alone'; B. ponemen 'let go, leave off'. Cf. Pass. pon'mont'hag'n agwed'nuk 'put the paddle in the canoe'.
150. husco lallacutta 'I am very angry'; seems to mean 'irritated'; Z. lalha 'scrape'; B. lalhan. Properly 'angry' was B. manunxin.
151. ke husko nalan 'thou art very idle'; Z. nolhandowoagan 'idleness'; B. nolhand 'lazy'.
152. chingo ke matcha 'when wilt thou go'? tschinge 'when'; cf. nr. 109.
153. mesickecy 'make hast'; schauwessin; Z. schauwessi; probably mesickecy is for wesickecy, a corruption of the -wessin element in the above words (?).
153a. shamahala 'run'; B. kschamchellan 'fast'.
154. husko taquatse 'it is very cold'.
155. ne dogwatcha 'I am very cold; I freeze'. With these words, cf. B. tachquatscho 'he is cold, shivering'; Z. tachquatschúwak 'they freeze' (see 156).
156. whinna 'snow, hail'; Z., B. wincu 'it snows'; same stem seen in Z. guhn 'snow' (see just below). Whinna cannot mean 'hail', which was tachsigin.
157. ahalca coon hatta 'have abundance of snow, hail, ice'; ahalea = B. allowiwi 'more'. Coon =Z. guhn 'snow' (156).
158. take 'freeze'; B. taquatten 'frozen'; taquatschin 'freeze'.
159. suckolan cisquicka 'a rainy day'; B. sokelan 'it rains'; Z. socelantsch 'it will rain'; Aben. soglôn 'it rains'.
160. loan 'winter'; Z. lowan; B. loan. Cf. 180.
16oa. sickquim 'the spring'; B., Z. siquon; Z. siequangge 'next spring'; Pass. siguak 'in spring'.
161. nippinge 'summer'; really 'next summer'; B., Z. nipen.
162. tacockquo 'the fall'; B. tachquoak.
163. tana ke wigwham 'where is thy house'; B. wikwam; Z. wiquoam.
164. hockung kethaning 'up the river'; B. kittan 'great (tidal) river'. The last element -tan is the same as that seen in manhattan = m'na'tun 'an island surrounded by tidal water' =- tan. The word hockung must have meant 'down (the river)', as it = hakink 'on the earth, down, under'. Upstream = nallahiwi, B.
165. tana matcha ana 'where goes the path'? B. aney 'road, walking road, path'. Cf. nr. 200.
166. iough undoque 'go yonder'; lit. 'now there'; cf. nr. 115.
167. hitock 'a tree'; Z. mehittuk.
168. hitock nepa 'there stands a tree'; Z. nipu 'he stands'.
169. mamanhiikan
170. mamadowickon 'peach or cherry'; I cannot place.
171. manadickon
172. virum 'grapes'; both B. and Z. wisachgim; probably should read visum ( ?).
173. acotetha 'apple'; must be the same stem as Z. achquoací-lennees 'blackberries'; no doubt a misapplication. Both B. and Z. give apel for 'apple'.
174. hosquen 'corne'; Z. chasqueem; B. chasquem.
175. cohockon 'mill'; B. tachquahoakan; Z. tachquoahoácan.
176. locat 'flower or meale'; B. lokat; Z. lócat.
177. keenhammon 'grind it'; B. kihnhammen.
46
PATERSON AND ITS ENVIRONS
178. nutas 'bag, basket'; B. menutes; the ending -notey occurs in Z. hembinotey 'bag of linen'. This nt-root is seen in Pass. b'snud; Aben. abaznoda 'basket', lit. 'a wooden bag' (Pass. epus; Aben. abazi = 'wood, tree').
179. poquchero 'it is broke'; B. poquihillcu.
180. roanonhhcen 'a north-west wind'; Z., B. lowanachen 'north wind' lit. 'winter-wind'; cf. nr. 160.
181. ruttehock 'the ground will burn and be destroyed'; B., Z. luteu 'it burns'; haki 'earth'.
182. hockcung 'a chamber'; lit. 'on the ground'; cf. nr. 164. B. gives wikwamtit 'chamber'; lit. 'little (-tit) house'.
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