USA > New Jersey > Salem County > History of the counties of Gloucester, Salem, and Cumberland New Jersey, with biographical sketches of their prominent citizens, vol. 1 > Part 29
USA > New Jersey > Gloucester County > History of the counties of Gloucester, Salem, and Cumberland New Jersey, with biographical sketches of their prominent citizens, vol. 1 > Part 29
USA > New Jersey > Cumberland County > History of the counties of Gloucester, Salem, and Cumberland New Jersey, with biographical sketches of their prominent citizens, vol. 1 > Part 29
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10S
HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER COUNTY.
The clanse of the county constitution relating to the marks on "hoggs" was not obeyed by all the in- habitants, and at this court the clerk was ordered "to warne in those who had made default, to his own house, and there take account and register their markes." The records of these marks are not the least curious parts of the archives of the county. To kill a marked hog, even though its owner was unknown, was a misdemeanor, punishable by fine, and at the December term, 1686, three of the most respectable citizens in the county were fined re- spectively twelve, ten, and seven shillings for so offending.
On the 1st of March, 1691, John Richards was convicted of perjury, and was sentenced by the jury
"to pay twenty pounds five, or stand in ye pillory one hour. To which ye bench assents, and ye prisoner chusing to stand in ye pillory they award and order the same to be in Gloucester on ye twelfth day of April next between ye hours of ten in ye morning and four in ye afternoon, ' the sum of two pence. And alsoe that all men, having neither lande or and condescend to take his owne bond for his appearance at that tyme, cattell, being sixteen years of age, shall pay for their owne heads one shilling a piece. under ye penalty and fortiniention of fifty pounds."
Two burglars were convicted at the September term, 1690, and were sentenced to be "burnt to the bone" in the hand with the letter T, or be sold for five years in the West Indies. They chose the latter.
--
Question of Jurisdiction .- The independence claimed by the county during the disturbances in the provincial government is illustrated by the subjoined extract from the minutes of the court. Gloucester and Burlington seem to have regarded the question of county boundaries as a proper subject for county legislation :
" At a court held at Gloucester on ye first day of 4th mo., 1659, the grand jury having information that theapersons formerly appointed hy ye propryetors for fixing ye line of division between ye counties of Burlington and Gloucester have agreed upon a course that shall deter- mine ye same, Doe, in pursnauce thereof, order that upon ye seven- teeuth of this instant ye said lives shall be run, and that Thomas Sharp shall be surveyor for ye doing thereof. That John Walker and Joho Heritage shall mark ye trees, and that Francis Collins, Richard Herit- age, John Key, and John Wills be appointed to see yt the same be duly performed and done. And also that it's judged that ye people in Bur- lington County may have advice hereof, that they may appear to see the thing completed, if they please. To all which ya Bench assents, and order tha procedure thereof in mander above said."
Two years previous to the above proceedings the Burlington people had given offense to Gloucester by holding pleas of crimes belonging to the jurisdiction of Arwames. The Burlington officers who had thus offended the dignity of Gloucester were promptly brought to account. At a court held at Gloucester on the 1st of December, 1687,
"The grand jury present John Wood and Will Warner for conveying forth of this county two prisoners thereof, namely Henry Treadway and Mary Driner, for their tryall at Burlington Court, contrary to the right and privileges of this county, and to the perverting of justice &c. The Bench orders this presentoient to be referred to the next court, at which tyme ye zd. John Wood is ordered to appear." At the next court "The presentment of the grand jury of the last court against Joho Woud. lur the conveying of Henry Treadway and Mary Driver, two notorious de- linquants, forth of this county &c. to the destroying of ye county's privileges &c. being read, the said John Wood -peaketh as followeth : Since I understand that this county hath taken offence at and with my
proceedling- concerning Henry Treadway and Mary Ininer I am heartily sorry that I ever gave them that cause of offence. fforasninch as I ile- signed ne " prejudice against the county, nor any thosein, but that it was my ignorance that occasioned the same, I doe desire the sd county Would be pleased to remit and pass by se sime."
First Tax .-- The first tax act passed by the Legis- lature of the county ( the grand jury ) was as follows :
"Gloucester, first of second mo., 16-7: The Comte dissolved, but the Grande Jury, having something under consideration that required a longer tyme to deliberate thereof, they now adjourned till the fourteenth day of the same month, at which time appearing they agreed and or- dered as followeth :-
"That for the public use and concerne of the County of Gloucester there should be a tax levyed and raised upon the inhabitants thereof, in the manner following :
"That every owner or possessor of lande shall pay, for every hun- dred of lande that shall be possessed, tiken up, or surveyed, the sum of one shilling. And that every person keeping cattell within the sử County of Gloucester, whether oxen, horses, or cowes, being two years of age, shali pay for every head of such cattel the sum of two pence. And alsoe that all free men, having neither lande nor cattell, shall pay
" The assessors appointed for the taxing of every man's estate as afore- said are Richard Heritage, Jolin Key, Thomas Sharpe, Andrew Robeson Jun , and Anthony Neilson ; whoe are to meet together, on or before the twentieth day of the third month next, in order to assess and levy the sail tax.
"The treasurers appointed are Henry Wood and Anthony Neilsou, to whotu every person concerned shall bringe in their several taxations by or before the twenty-ninth day of september next, either in silver money, or in corne at the prices following viz :
s. d. s. d.
Wheat, at $ 0: Oates, at 2 0;
Rye, 3 0; Indian Peas, 5 0;
Barley, 3 0: Buckwheat, 2 6;
Indian Corn, 2 6.
" And in case any person shall refuse or neglect to bring in their tax, as aforesaid, it shall be lawfull to distreina upon them for double the value, with all such charges as shall accrue for or by reason of distress sve made; and any one that findes himself wronged shall repair to the next justice, who hath power to redress their aggrievances. And the Treasurers are hereby ordered to bave for their receiveing and disposall of the pay two shillings in the pound;
" Aud that this tax, when rece. ved, shall not be disposed on but by the consent, knowledge, and appointment or approbation of the Grand Jury for the tyme being.
"This was seen and approved on the fourteenth day of April by the Justices aforesaid, aod the Jury was discharged."
Taxes continued to be levied by the grand jury, of its own accord, till 1694, when the power was vested by the Assembly in a quorum of the county justices, " with the advice, concurrence and assistance of the Grand Jury." In 1713 the prerogative was by statute vested in the justices and chosen freeholders, where it remained until the organization of the board of freeholders, as at present constituted, on the 13th of February, 1798. On the minutes of the county legislative board under the date of Dec. 11, 1733, ap- pears the subjoined act for repairing Timber Creek bridge :
" The justices and freeholders lave appointed George Ward, and Cou- stantine Wood to be managers to repair Timber Crick Bri Ige; and also that fifty pounds shall be raised to defray the charge of the said repair, abd for and towards other county charges, in the manner following, viz: Single men, one shilling and six pence pach ; servants, four pence each; Merchants as followeth, viz: John Brown of Gloucest-r, ten > hil- lings ; Sarah Norris, five; Timothy Matlack, ten; Michael Fisher, five; C. Tayles, tel. Mails a- folioweth, viz : Benniet's Mill, four shillings ;
109
GENERAL HISTORY.
Cafe's Mill, four: Child's Mill, four; Key's Mill, four: Andrew Ware's Mill, two; Richard Cheeseman's Mill, thice : Groige Ward'- Mill, five; Unititle's Mill, one and six pence; I. Cousen's Mill, two; Terael Ward's Mill, two ; S. shiver's Mill, four ; Somers' Mill, thire; Stileman's Mill, « tu and six pence ; Fisher's Mill, fom ; Breache's MiH, two Tarerus as 1 Howeth, viz: T. Perrywell's, ten shillings; Medcalf's, ten; Wheel- den's, ten; Griffith's, one; Sarah Bull's, two; E. Ellison's, five; Tatem's Frais, revel and six pence : Gerrard's, seven : Taylor's, ten ; Medcalf's Terry, twelve." From a similar act passed in 1750 it appears that there were then in the county fourteen stores and shops, twenty-seven mills, tive felties, and more than twenty-five taverns, and that single men tore taxed " Eight Shillings Each, Male Sarvents & Negroes above Six- ten Years of Age two Shillings Euch, flats & wood Poate two Shillings per Cord, Shalops and Sloops two Shillings per Tuun, Marchents Tun- hige. The Remainder to be levied on Ye Pound Valne."
Early Ferries .- In 1688 the first ferry between Gloucester and Philadelphia was licensed by the court. Under the date of January Ist in that year Clerk Sharp recorded :
" It is proposed to ye bench yt a ferry is very needfull and much wanted from Jarsey to Philadelphia, yt William Roydon's house is looked upon as a place convenient for, and the said William Roydon a person suitable for that employment, and therefore an order desired from ye Bench that a ferry may be fixed &c. To which ye Bench assents, and refers to ye Grand Jury to methodize ye same, and fix ye rates thereof."
A ferry over Timber Creek was proposed in 1693, but that and the one established in 168S across the Delaware probably became extinct before 1693, for under the date June Ist in that year appears the following :
" The Grand Jury consenteth to and presenteth the proposals of Daniel Cooper for keeping a ferry over the river to Philadelphia, at the prices following; that is to sty : for a mian and borse, oue shilling and six pence ; for a single horse or cow, one shilling and three pence ; for a single mao, teu pence, and when ten or more, six pence per head, and six pence per head for sheep, calfs, or hoggs. To which ye bench assents.
"The Grand Jury consenteth to and presenteth the proposals of John Reading for keeping a ferry over Glucester River, and from Glovester to Wickaco, at ye prices following. That is to say for a single man and horse, two shillings and six pence ; and four shillings per head for more than one horse or cow, &c., and one shilling and six pence for a single man, and one shilling per head when more than one, frum Glocester | to Wickacoe. And five pence per head for horses, cows &c, and two pence per head for man without horses or cattell over Glocester River. To all which ye Bench consents. "
The first regular ferry over Cooper's Creek was es- tablished Dec. 1, 1702. The record of that date says,-
"Juha Champioo makes great complaint of his great charge in set- fing people over Cooper s Creek at his house; whereupon ye Grand Jury propose that in case ye sd John Champion will find sufficient conveni- ences to putt peujde over at all seasons the said Champion may take for ferriage as follows viz: for two persons together, two pence per head ; for one single person, three pence ; and for a man and a horse five pence. | To which ye Bench assents."
No meution is made in any of these schedules of carriages. These were not in general use, even in Philadelphia, previous to the Revolution. In West New Jersey journeys were usually made on horse- back, and the daughters of the wealthiest men usually received for a marriage portion a cow and a side- saddle. Wheeled carriages would have been but little useful in a region where the road, were full of trees, and where the streams were seldom bridged.
More than a century later, or in 1821. the following rates of ferriage across the Delaware from the town-
ship of Newton and Gloucester Town were estab- lished by the board of frechoklers :
" For each passenger without baggage or marketing, from the 1st of May to Ist of September ...
80.61
" Single passenger in a whenty
" From let September to 24th December.
" From 20th December 1a 5th March 25
' Frin ath Maret to Ist May
"Market prople to have the privilege of carrying with them as manv avais bushel-la-kets, or what is equivalent thereto of any kind of marketing not hereinafter rated ..
121.
" A barrel to be rated equal to 2 baskets. Tube, chests, and -cow- baskets to be rated according to the number of bushels thev hold, and for every bushel-basket, or what is equivalent to one. over six, to pay one cent pach. All articles having contajura marketing to return free, if empty, otherwise to pay the usual Tates
" For a two-horse load, with or without the carriage, not other- wise rated ..
371
" Barrel of salt, four, plaster, sugar, liquor, meat, etc ..
" Empty
empty. 1
371
"Empty
" Stove of cast iron, 6 or more plates .. 6. less than G plates. 1
"Salt, plaster, grain, clover, and other grass-seeds, per bushel.
" Flour, beef, pork, iron. etc., per cwt ...
" Coffre, per bag. large irunk. etc.
" Soup, candles, chocolate, glass, etc., per box.
" Windsor a hatis, per dozen ...
" Bureau, bedstead. clock-ase.
" Lumber, per 100 feet.
" Live calves, fat nugs, per head.
" Sheep, and store hogs, per head.
871.
" Fat cattle. per head.
" (hw and valf.
" Store cattle, horses, mules, etc.
" Desk, secretary, etc ...
"' Laige talde
" Small table, -tand, feather bed, matrass, large chest for tea.
" V'rate or tierce of earthenware, hamper of bottles ...
" Fresh shad, per 100, or bering, per loot ..
" Carriages of pleasure, and drivers :
1.00
" Market carriages with their drivers, including fish wagons, going to or retmming from market :
371 27
5ul
"All passengers in carriages, except the driver, to pay the same as other passengers
" Carriages of burden to include charcoal, tin wagons, pedlars, ete , with their drivers :
2 horses, loaded ...
= uuloaded ..
1 horse, loaded .. unloaded ...
"For carrying hay, straw, hemp, flax, and other bulky articles : 2-horse load.
321
Unloaded ... 1 horse loaded.
1 " unloaded ...
" Each additional horse, ox, or mule
1.3
"Every load of lumber exceeding 16 feet in length to pay 3 cents per foot for such excess. Bricks on carriages $1.25 per thou- sand, empty carriages to return free. Not more than 500 htick on two wheels. A load for each horse not to exceed half a ton. Carriages carrying cardwood or manure to cross free, when empty, by returning at the same ferry.
" The above rates to be taken spring, summer, and Fall."
Another schedule prescribed the rates on certain articles between December 20th and March 5th of each year.
Weights and Measures Regulated .- At the ses- sion of the court held Sept. 2, 1695, the following de- cree was recorded :
" WHEREAS, There hath bin of late very great abuses and Irregulari- ties Committed by ye vse and vndue practice of Selling by small and unlawful measures, for ye preventing of weh mischiefs for ye future The Bench Orders that a person be appointed to be ye Sester and Recti- fier of weights and Measures for ye County of Gloucester, who shall take Care that all weights and measure, within ye County aforesat l be made according to ye standard of England," etc. The decree prescribed
25 1.8% 25
"Sideboard
7.6.5
10
Every 4-wheel carriage drawn by 4 horses,
Stage wagon $ 4
.6
" 1
1
371
371 ..
With 4 wheels drawn by 2 horses .. 1
"Market wagons taking in merchandise ou their return, to be charged as carriages of burden ...
3
121 1
" logsheads of liquor, molasses, sugar, lime, etc ..
1
!
:
110
HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER COUNTY.
the fees of the officer, and provided that persons selling by short weights or measures should " be severely tined for their so doing."
March 1, 1700,-
"The Grand Jury present Thomas Kendall and Daniel Couper for sell- ing liquors by small measures without Lycence, and ye bench Order that they do forthwith Cease selling, or take to do ye samic under penalty of being prosecuted necording to Law."
Foreigners, Vagrants, Servants, etc .- June 2, 1701,-
"The Grand Jury present Amos Nicholson as being a man of ill fume, and under all circumstances as Hepnted guilty of Ruberys, felonys &c. Is lately come to Inhabitt in ye township of Greenwich, wch is like to be of a Dangerous Consequence to ye Inhabitants, and a troublesome neigh- bour. That he shall give satisfaction that he hath satisfyed ye Law Concerning these things that have been laid to his charge from ye places of his last residence, and allso to give security that he will not becotne Burthensome to ye County, ns being no ffreeholder.
"The Bench assents hereto, and order that a Justice of peace do send his warrant to apprehend ye sd. Amos, and that he shall give sufficient security to Indemnify ye township, or else to be sent back to ye place of his last Residence."
Sept. 1, 1701 "The Grand Jury present that Thomas Gardiner may be paid ye sume of five pounds one shilling and nine pence half penny ffor wolves and Panthers heads."
Sept. 1, 1701. " The Sher. brings into Court a vagrant Negroc, taken up at Michael Buffins house at little Egg harbour, not giving an account of his masters name or place." The sheriff's charges amounted to nine pounds eight shillings and two pence.
"The Bench orders that to any person who shall Disburse ye st Ex- pence and Charge The Negro shall serve ye term aud time of two years, to Commence from ye time that such person so disbursing ye Charge shall take him into their Custody, and to be made to work for his men- feynence, and if in ye mean time his master shall Come and claim, making proof his Right to him, he shall then be Delivered to his said master, he Defraying of ve said Charge."
March 2, 1701. "Grilhth Morgan makes Complainst agst. a servant woman of his Deserting of her service ye lot of Instant. The servant appearing and alleging That her passage was paid in scotland she came ffrom, and that she was not any servant, upon which ye said Grif- fifth produces an order of Che-ter Court, in pensilvania, for her serving of five years to one E. Evan &c, and his assignment to ye said Griffith : whereupon ye Bench order that ye så Servant perform ber time of servi- tude according to ye said assignment."
First Capital Crime in Gloucester County .- The first murder in Gloucester County occurred in 1701. It was a ease of infantieide, but the record does not show what penalty, if any, was inflicted on the guilty mother. The case was tried by Governor Lord Corn- bury in person,1 and on the 19th of December the following record was made :. .
" We the Grand Jury of the County of Gloucester doe order eighteen pence to by twelve bushels of charcoal for the prisoner, and two pounds two shillings to by three in itch coats, for the prisoner's nse so long as she hath occasion for it, and then to be reserved for the county's use. We allow seven shilling- and six pence to the clerk for five warrants to the collector to gather the above tax. We further allow Matthew Med- calfe twelve shillings and six pence for defraying the Lord Cornbury's retinue's expenses when he was lately at Gloucester, and six shillings to John Siddlon for a cothu for the minrthered child, and six shillings more we allow him by discount of his old tax in 1694 for bringing the Justices and Coroner to Gloster. We abo allow eight pounds twelve shillings and four pence for defraying the Lord Cornbury's and his al- tendance's expenses when he was lately at Gloucester."
Records of Marriages and Births .- One of the
1 Governor Hanloke held the Gloucester court in March and Decem- ber terms, 1602, and September, 1694. Governor Jeremiah Basse pre- sided at September terim, 1698, and Governor Andrew Hamilton in March, 1700.
duties of the clerk was to keep a registry of the mar- riages and births. The following are copies of some of these records :
" The thirteenth of ge first month A.mo 1687. Samuel Taylor and Eliz- alith Ward now then married together, according to the good und land- alde rules and laws of the province of West Jarsey in that ense made, before Francis Collins, one of ye King's ningistrates for ye county of Gloucester, and in the pre-ence of John Richards, Phillis Richards, James Ward, Thomas Thackara, John Hugge, George Goldsmith, Jona- than Wood &c.
"JonN READING Record. +"
" Province of West Jersey.
"Jolin Burroughs, the sou of John Burroughs and June his wife of Glocester River, in ye County of Gloce-ter, was born ye fourteenth day of March, Auno IGs7. Entr. pr. me
" JOHN REAMING, Pe. " Testis
" John Ashbrook"
" The sixteenth of November, Anno 1697. This may certify whom it may concern, that I, George Ward, of ye town of Upton and county of Gloucester, and Hannah Waynwright, of Woodbury Creek, have been published according to Law, and nothing appearing contrary in any wise to hinder them they have proceeded at a public place appointed for that purpose as followeth : ye sd George standing up and taking ye sd Han- nah by ye hand sarth ns followeth: I George Ward, in ye presence of God and this assembly, take Hannah Waynwright to be my wife : prom- ising to be a louerng Husband untill Death sepperate ; and She, ye ad llantah, in like manner saith, 1 Hannah Waynwright, in ye presence of God and this Assembly, take George Ward to be my husband, promis- ing to be a loneing ffaithfull wife till Death sepperate.
his "GEORGE X WARD, mark her " HANNAH X WAYSWRIGHI." mark
"Persons present were
"John Brown, Israel Ward, William Ward, John Tatum, Thomas Gib- son, Isaac Wood, Chartes Crossthwait, John Ashbrook, Thomas Ball, James Whitall, Samuell Taylor, John Euno, Elizabeth Tatum, and Su- rannah Wayiwright.
" December ye first, Anno 1897, the within certificate was ordered to be recorded
" By Tho. GARDENER, " Justice." " December 8th, 1697 Entr. Exam. and Recorded pr. me
" Testis John Reading"
"JOHN READING R. C.
Miscellaneous Extracts from Court Records. - The subjoined miscellaneous extracts will be read with interest :
"At a Court held at Red Bank on the tenth of ye Tenth mouth, 1656, the Grand Jury present the neglect of magistrates for theire not making a full Bench on ye first day of this instant, for which cause ve Conit was yn adjourned till this present tenth day.
" At ye court held at Gloucester (for ye jurisdiction thereof), on ye first day of ye fourth mouth, Anno 16-6, Divers Complaints being made to ye Grand Jury of ye great loss and damage winch the County suffers by reason of wolves, they, with ye concurrence of ye Bench, to encourage ve destroying of them doe order ye severall Treasurers within this county to lay ten shillings for every wolfe's heul, to them brought forth, of ye ellects of ye county tax ; and ye clerk is ordered to write papers to publish ye same."
December, 1701, the grand jury at the court in Gloucester presented
" Thomas Wills, of Gloucester, for selling beer by wine measure, and allso that John Hoe and George Lawrence be paid for two wolfe's head-, by them killed. To which ye Bench .o-ents."
June 1. 1702,-
" The Bench ffine Nathanie! Zane for his affront, Ahuse, and under-
111
GENERAL HISTORY.
talluring of ye foreman of ye grand Jury ye sume of Tenn Shillings, aud or sollte Is ordered to be Levyed by warrt of Distress."
Dec. 1, 1702, --
"Jeremiah Bate, for Severall Contemptuose and Reflecting abusive Expressions used towards ye Bench, he is fined for ye sime je some of thirty shillings, and that a warrt be given forth to levy ye same Dys- tres; in case he shall not make payment. But upon his humble sub- mission to ye Bench, and desis of fforgefulness, ve same is remitted and forgotten."
After the record for the term of June 1, 1703, the following entry appears : " Here ends the Proprietary Government of ye Province of West New Jarsie in America."
Justices and Freeholders .- The first recorded meeting of justices and frecholders was held on the " flifth day of the Second month, called Aprill. Anno Domini 1715." The justices present at this meeting were Richard Bull, John Inskeep, George Lawrence, and John Rambo. The freeholders were John Kaighin, Peter Long, John Ladd, Jacob Clement, Jan. 15, 1736, the justices and freeholders ordered Joseph Cooper, Jacobus Collin, and John Shivers. " Abraham Chatten to receive ten shillings for treating the workmen at building the work or watch house, and that John Kaighn receive forty shillings for treating the said workmen." The business transacted at this meeting consisted in providing for the building of a new prison and court- . house by a tax of eighty pounds, as elsewhere stated, Tavern-keepers' Priees Prescribed .- The follow- ing ordinance will be read with interest, for it shows not only the watchful care that was exercised to pre- entertained in olden time : to which was added fifteen pounds "ffor Wolves, Panthers, and Red floxes." The sum of thirty pounds was ordered to be " Raysed," in 1716, for the same . vent extortion, but the manner in which people were purposes, and in 1717 the board ordered a tax of ten pounds for completing the prison, twenty for wolves, "AN ORDINANCE panthers, and red foxes, and seventy for Timber " Of the rates of Liquors and of Eatables jur Man, and Provender ond Pasture for Horses, t. be open'd and kept by all the Public House Keepers, Inn Keepers, or Tareru Keepers in the county of Gloucester, for the following year- as followreth riz : Creek bridge. Assessors, collectors, and commission- ers were appointed to carry into effect the action of the board.
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