USA > New Jersey > Atlantic County > Atlantic City > The Daily union history of Atlantic City and County, New Jersey : containing sketches of the past and present of Atlantic City and County > Part 15
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The membership of the church now numbers nearly three hundred persons, and the Sunday-school nearly four hundred. The annual receipts and expenses exceed $3,000.
The twenty ministers who have officiated at this church since Mr. Durrell preached his first sermon are the following:
1. W. B. CULLIS,
II. JAMES McDUGALL.
12. W. S. ZANE,
13. W. T. ABBOTT.
14 J. L. ROE.
5. W. S. BARNART,
6. R. M. STRATTON.
15. PHILIP CLINE. 16. J. H. BOSWELL.
7. A. M. NORTH,
17. J. B. DILKS.
8. A. J. GREGORY,
18. J. H. PAYRAN.
9. J. F. HEILENMAN.
19. HENRY BELTING.
IO. J. T. HUTCHINSON,
20. GEORGE S. MESEROLL.
The present official board comprises the following persons:
JOSEPH C. CLARK,
MRS. E. S. REED.
JOHN J. MASON,
ELLIOT REPP.
CLARENCE L. COLE,
MRS. MARY WOOTTON,
JOHN A. CLEMENT,
THOMAS RILEY.
MRS. MARY REPP,
THOMAS MATHIS,
F. H. BOWEN. HARRY PARSONS.
WM. G. LORE.
MRS. LEWIS EVANS,
JOB. G. MONROE.
LEWIS BARRETT,
S. P. DUBOIS,
LUTHER EDMUNDS.
ALBERT DOUGHERTY.
URIAH RILEY.
ELWOOD JOHNSON, JOHN W. PARSONS,
MRS. W. G. LORE.
18
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2. J. T. TUCKER, 3. R. J. ANDREWS. 4. MILLARD FOGG.
---
A. W. BAILY, M.D.
FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCHI.
first Presbyterian Church.
The first Presbyterian services ever held in this city were conducted in the house of the first Mayor, Chalkley S. Leeds, on January 21. 1855. Missionaries of the Presbytery conducted services for some years in private houses during the winter months and in hotel parlors during the summer. So carly as 1855 the Camden and Atlantic Land Company very generously gave to trustees the present site of the First Presbyterian Church. It was swampy ground at that time, a small part of a tract that cost the land company $17.50 per acre. It cost con- siderable to grade the property, but sand hills were not far away. At that time there was no building of any kind on Pennsylvania avenue, except the Mansion House.
The corner stone of the first edifice was laid August 21, 1856, on which occa- sion addresses were made by Rev. John Chambers, D.D., John Leyburn. D.D .. and Samuel Beach Jones, D.D. Rev. William H. Green, LL.D., of Princeton Seminary, also was present.
The first public services were held in the building July 26, 1857, with only temporary seats and unplastered walls. In the same month of July, 1857. the corner stone of the First M. E. Church was laid.
In 1858 the Presbyterian property was seized by the sheriff for outstanding debt and was extricated with considerable difficulty. Stock was issued in $50 shares, bearing six per cent. interest, to run five years. All were finally redeemed. For years the church was only occupied in summer, and preachers were secured by giving them free entertainment at the United States Hotel for their services. The building was too large and cold for winter use.
The church was dedicated June 23, 1859, when Dr. Charles Wadsworth preached from Luke 7:5.
On December 20, 1870, a regular church organization was effected by the following seven charter members: Mr. and Mrs. Lemuel Eldridge, Henry, son of Rev. W. W. McNair, Mrs. Henry MeNair. Miss Mary Scull, Mrs. Rachel Scull Turner and Mrs. Rebecca R. Townsend. Mrs. Turner is the only one of them living to-day.
Rev. Allen H. Brown, Rev. Dr. V. D. Reed and Rev. S. W. Pratt were the committee of the Presbytery on organization. Zealous missionaries in the early days of the church were Rev. Allen H. Brown and Rev. F. R. Brace, who are still among the living.
For years the church was dormant, till with increasing population it became self-sustaining.
Rev. W. W. McNair was the first stated supply. He continued about two years after the organization, when various ministers filled the pulpit irregularly.
Rev. A. G. Baker officiated about two years, till 1878, when Rev. 11. Martin Kellogg became the stated supply till February, 1880.
The building was enlarged to its present size, in 1876, at a cost of $3.505. The chapel was erected in 1878 at a cost of $2.400, and was dedicated January 14.
OLIVET PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH.
ASCENSION EPISCOPAL CHURCH.
'STAR OF THE SEA' R.C. CHURCH
ST. PAUL M.E. CHURCH.
IST M. E. CHURCH.
BETH ISRAEL SYNAGOGUE
IST BAPTIST CHURCH.
GROUP OF CHURCHES.
277
FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH.
1879. It has since been twice enlarged and is an indispensable auxiliary of the church.
In March, 1880, Rev. Edward Bryan, a classmate of Mr. Kellogg, came and officiated acceptably till October, 1882. Various supplies and candidates filled the pulpit till the fall of 1883. when Rev. Dr. William Aikman was installed as the first regular pastor. He officiated ten years, till April 17, 1894. On November 21, 1894. Rev. F. J. Mundy, D.D., was elected pastor and served till March 31, 1896. He was never installed as pastor, but withdrew with seventy-four mem bers April 27, 1896, and organized the Olivet Presbyterian Church of Atlantic City.
January 20, 1897. Rev. Frederick Jonte Stanley, D.D., was elected pastor. He began his labors February 1, 1897, and was installed pastor by the Presbytery April 26, 1897, becoming the second regular pastor in the twenty-nine years' history of the church.
The church property is clear of debt and is valued at $30,000. It has an active membership of 253 persons. The scholars, teachers and officers of the Sunday-school number 314.
The annual receipts and disbursements by the last report amounted to $7.685.93. an increase of $1,606.66 over the previous year.
In November, 1898, this church started two mission chapels under the per- sonal direction of Rev. H. R. Rundall, one in Chelsea and one in the northern section of the city.
first Baptist Church.
The history of the First Baptist Church is a story of consecrated effort and abundant success. In February, 1880, a few earnest Baptists met one evening in the home of Mrs. Jane B. Shane, 225 Atlantic avenue, and after a good deal of discussion concluded that they would at least make an effort to organize a Sunday- school, and hold regular services on Sundays and a prayer meeting during the week. The thought of organizing as a church had not at that time been ex- pressed.
The Sunday-school was organized in the Pennsylvania Avenue School House. where it met for a few months. The school building not answering for preaching purposes, the hall at the corner of Atlantic and Chalfonte avenues, known then as Mehler's Hall, was rented. Here, for a few weeks, gathered the faithful found- ers of the church. They were not alone in their meetings, for many visitors to our city found them out and met with them.
Thus encouraged, the subject of organizing a church was talked of. Some of the Philadelphia visitors advised it, and a meeting was called for the 29th day of June, 1880. At this meeting were present the following clergymen: Rev. R. F. Young, of Haddonfield, who was really the father of the church: 1 .. P.
-
CHRIST MP CHURCH.
IST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH
ST NICHOLAS R.C.CHURCH
TRINITY M.P. CHURCH.
CENTRAL M E CHURCH
ENGLISH LUTHERAN CHURCH
GERMAN PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH.
GROUP OF CHURCHES.
279
FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH
Hornberger, George Cooper, C. C. Foote, W. B. Tolan, and J. G. Walker, of Philadelphia: T. L. Bailey, of Pottstown, Pa. . and .A. 11. Lung. of Camden. Rev Mr. Young presided, and Rev. Mr. Walker acted as clerk.
At this meeting the church was organized with the following members: J. H. Leedom, Mrs. Harriet Leedom, Edward Ross. Mrs. Emma Ross, Mrs. Maggie A. Peterson, Miss Mary A. McClees, Mrs. Adeline S. Lee, Mrs. Maggie Shinnen. Dr. A. W. Baily, Mrs. Jane Black (Shane), Mrs. May A. Borhek, Mrs. Laura . 1. Bewley, Jacob L. Peterson, Rev. T. L. Baily, Mrs. Caroline A. Baily, Miss Susan L. Baily, Mary A. Simes, Mrs. Esther A. Moore and Mrs. Margaretha Camerer.
At this meeting Jacob H. Leedom was elected Deacon and Treasurer, and Dr. A. W. Baily, Clerk. During the summer of 1880 the church worshipped in the Presbyterian Chapel, returning to the hall in the fall. They were without a pastor, depending upon supplies from Sabbath to Sabbath, and also without a church home, but an active building committee at work.
In the summer of 1881 the Presbyterian Chapel was again secured. During the summer of 1881 Mrs. Isaac Ford presented to the church the lot on which the building now stands, and on the 8th of September ground was broken for the foundation. On the 20th of the same month the cornerstone was laid, and during the fall the work of erection was pushed along slowly, for the church went upon the plan of "paying as they went." One of the noted events in this history occurred October 31st of this same year. That day Rev. Sidney Dyer, of Wood- bury, was elected the first pastor, and from that date to January 1. 1885, he served most faithfully. Under him the building was completed and paid for. In the June following his election the building had been pushed forward to the point when it could be occupied. It was little more than a barn, though, for there was no plaster on the walls and nothing but muslin in the windows. But if ever there was a happy congregation it was the one that worshipped for the first time in that incompleted building.
Dr. Dyer was compelled to resign on account of ill health. U'nder his pas- torate the membership increased to fifty-five.
After three months the church called Rev. William E. Boyle to the pastorate. March 4. 1885. He remained pastor until the close of 1800. Under his care the membership was increased, but no special work was accomplished, except or- ganizing the Young People's Society of Christian Endeavor, the first society formed in the city.
Rev. T. J. Cross began supplying the church in 1801. He was then a student. In June of that year he became regular supply for four months, at the expiration of which time he was elected pastor. Under his care the church has had its most successful period. The congregations grew till the building became too small and it was enlarged. There is no debt upon the church, and at the present time it is united and harmonious, and has always been so.
Bethany Baptist Chapel. a flourishing mission, at present located on Atlantic near Florida avenue, is the healthy child of this church.
M. L. MUNSON, M.D.
241
EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF THE ASCENSION.
Episcopal Church of the Escension.
A movement to establish all the year round religious ministrations gained headway among the Episcopalians of Atlantic City during the later Seventies and resulted in the purchase of a lot at 2015 Pacific avenue. The late Mrs. E. t. Taylor was chiefly instrumental in the erection of a frame chapel, which was formally opened by Bishop Scarborough. August 10, 1879. Rev. J. Rice Taylor. the first rector, began regular services in June, 1880, which have been maintained without intermission ever since. Under his direction, the parish was duly incor- porated January 3. 1881, entering legally and canonically into possession of the church property.
Rev. Wm. H. Avery succeeded to the Rectorship in February, 1882, and continued in charge for some years.
In 1886, the vestry, seeking a more central and convenient location, bought ground at Pacific and Kentucky avenues, and with the advice and consent of the canonical authorities removed the frame chapel thither, adding an annex for Sunday-school purposes.
Rev. J. H. Townsend became rector December 1. 1891, and laid the corner stone of the present edifice April 27. 1893, which was completed by the liberal offerings of resident and transient worshippers and opened for use May 13. 1894.
This structure was designed by Mr. Lindley Johnson, is in the Spanish Renaissance style, and is a good example of a commodious, yet inexpensive hard material building, well adapted to the varying needs of this population and climate.
St. Paul's M. E. Church.
The St. Paul M. E. Church was organized from the small beginning known as the Union Sunday School, in October. 1870, by Rev. E. C. Hill, presiding eller of the Bridgeton district, who appointed John MI. Hartley as pastor.
The following were members of the quarterly conference: J. 11. Hartley. pastor; Thomas Sovereign, superintendent; Elwood M. Hadley, local preacher : Solomon Mason, exhorter; Obadiah Reed, James Ireland. John Brown, William Eldredge and John A. Jeffries.
The services were held in Union Chapel, corner of Baltic and Michigan avenues. Mr. Hartley served as pastor until March. 1881, when Rev. Z. T. Dugan was appointed by the Bishop presiding over the New Jersey Conference of that year. The Union Chapel soon became too small for the growing congregation under Mr. Dugan's pastorate, and it was decided to build a new church. Accord- ingly. a lot was purchased at Ohio and Arctic avenues, and the church erected. The basement story only was completed under the pastorate of Mr. Dugan, who served the church faithfully for three years.
In the spring of 1884. Rev. George S. Meseroll was appointed pastor. During
ROBERT E. STEPHANY, ESQ.
283
ST. PAUL'S M. E. CHURCH.
the three years of Mr. Meseroll's pastorate the audience room was completed and the membership increased largely.
In the spring of 1887 C. K. Fleming was appointed as pastor. He served the church faithfully and with great success for three years, when Rev. S. S. Weath- erby was sent to succeed him. During his three years the parsonage adjoining the old church was built. To Mr. Weatherby is due the credit of suggesting and frequently urging a new church on Pacific avenue.
Rev. J. Ward Gamble followed Mr. Weatherby and remained two years in the pastorate. He did much to create a sentiment and zeal in favor of a new church. At the close of his second year the Central Church of this city was organized, when about twenty of the St. Paul members left and joined that.
In the spring of 1895 Rev. George L. Dobbins was appointed. After nearly four years of united and hard toil of pastor and congregation they were able to occupy their new stone edifice, which represents an investment of $45,000.
It is Gothic architecture. The frontage on Pacific avenne is sixty-five feet and the Ohio avenue portion one hundred and twenty feet. The building is of Holmesburg granite with trimmings of Indiana stone. The main entrances are on Pacific avenue, two in number, and both are reached by a high flight of stone steps, over which a hood is placed, which adds to the appearance of the structure. It was designed by Architeet J. Cather Newsome, and was dedicated Sunday, November 20. 1898.
The New Jersey Conference held its annual session in this handsome edifice in March, 1800. Rev. J. Morgan Reed succeeded Mr. Dobbins as pastor at this conference.
German Presbyterian Church.
The German Presbyterian Church, at Pacific and Ocean avenues, was built in 1884. The congregation then numbering forty or fifty, had been organized two years before. Rev. Arnold W. Fismer. now pastor of the Hopkins Street Church, in Brooklyn, N. Y., was the first pastor. The lot. 60 by 120 feet, was purchased for $4.000 and the church built for $3.000 before he left, in November. 1885. The corner stone was laid February 28, 1884. After him came Rev. P. 11. Schnatz, who labored acceptably four years. till 1800, the membership steadily increasing. Rev. H. Hortseh was pastor for a short time after Mr. Schnatz was called to the Martha Memorial Church of New York City.
On the fourth Sunday of advent. 1891. Rev. A. K. Staiger came to be in charge of the little church, where he was installed as pastor June, 1892, and has served faithfully up to the present writing. During the pastorate of Mr. Schmatz. a portion of the lot was sold for $500 and the mortgage reduced to $1.500. This has been paid off since Mr. Staiger came, the church enlarged, a parsonage added at a cost for all of $6,000. There is at present a debt of $3.500 against the property which is worth $15,000. The membership of the church has grown to 100 and the Sunday School to 110 pupils and 12 teachers. There is a very active Ladies'
JOHN W. WESTCOTT.
285
OLIVET PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH.
Aid Society, under the leadership of Mrs. Matilda Stadler, and an excellent choir of young voices, under the direction of Robert Kirscht.
The present officers are: President of the Board of Elders, Ferd Stadler; Secretary. Emil Werner; August Steuber, Jacob Scherer, Charles Speidel and Henry Obergfell.
Olivet Presbyterian Church.
On April 27, 1896, seventy-four members of the First Presbyterian Church of Atlantic City withdrew from that church, and at their request the Presbytery of West Jersey organized the Olivet Presbyterian Church, of Atlantic City, and installed Rev. F. J. Mundy, D.D., pastor. At the same time three persons united with the church by letter from other churches. At that time they had neither a Bible or a Hymn-book, nor an abiding place. Soon thereafter Odd Fellows' Hall was engaged in which to hold services, and the lecture room of the German Pres- byterian Church, in which to hold prayer meetings. In the summer of 1897 services were held in the Academy of Music on the Boardwalk.
On November 6, 1896, the lot at the southeast corner of Pacific and Tennessee avenues was purchased and the following September members and friends assem- bled and broke ground for the foundation of a new church home. Contributions and assistance were liberally made for the handsome stone structure which, on Sunday March 27, and April 3, 1898, was duly dedicated.
Following are the names of the charter members of Olivet Presbyterian Church :
MARY H. PORTER.
PHILIP G. SMALLWOOD,
LULU S. SMALLWOOD.
LILLIAN R. MILLER,
HARRIET A. DONNELLY.
ELIZA A. MESSICK.
S. MARIE JOHNSON.
IDA E. KNAUER,
SARAH A. JOHNSON.
LILA R. WOODRUFF.
JESSIE MAUDE BENDER.
MALVINA TOWNSEND,
JEMIMA MCINTYRE.
JESSE L. TOWNSEND, EVA V. ARMSTRONG.
JAMES MCINTYRE, SARAH N. WEIDEMER.
HATTIE H. ARMSTRONG.
HENRIETTA EILER.
GEORGE P. EINWECHTER.
BENJIE E. BOWMAN,
MRS. GEO. P. EINWECHTER,
VALERIA MARSH.
GEO. EINWECHTER, JR.,
C. R. RAITH. D. D. S ..
ARTHUR KNAUER, JOS. L. SHANER.
LOTTIE C. WOODRUFF.
HELEN C. FAIRBAIRN.
MRS. F. J. MUNDY.
JOSEPH R. WOODRUFF.
JOSEPH S. STINSON.
JULIA C. KEFFER,
WILLIAM N. MILLER.
MIRS. C. B. WHITNEY.
EMMA E. BOWMAN.
C. B. WHITNEY. MARTHA B. FAIRBAIRN.
ESTELLE M. LIPPINCOTT,
JAMES C. FAIRBAIRN.
SALLIE J. RAITH,
HENRY L. FAIRBAIRN.
E. A. REILEY, M. D ..
MIRTIE R. NORRIS.
NELLIE M. LIPPINCOTT. C. K. LIPPINCOTT.
MARTHA LIPPINCOTT,
HELEN H. LONG. MARY LOGAN REILEY.
MARIAN MUNDY.
MRS. MARY A. WILLITS.
HOWARD A. STOUT.
HANNAH C. PORTER. ELIZABETH H. PORTER.
SALLIE D. FARTHING. LIZZIE BOSTLE.
JENNIE S. MALONEY,
NINA E. SHANER.
SALLIE J. FREEMAN.
CORA S. RAITH.
MARTHA M. MARSH.
GEN. ELIAS WRIGHT.
Early Church history.
In 1676 Wm. Penn and his associate Friends brought 400 families to settle in West Jersey. Some of these located on lands now included in Atlantic County. As early as 1728 there were three selected places for holding Friends' meetings; at Leed's Point, at Absecon and at Somers' Point.
The old Richard Somers' mansion at the latter place is still standing where Friends' meetings were held. Persons still living can remember the old Friends' Meeting House at Bakersville, opposite Central M. E. church. The house recently occupied by Absalom Highee at Leeds' Point, since the services were discontinued in 1843, was the second and better Friends' Meeting House that succeeded the first crude, small building which stood for many years adjacent to the present Smithville M. E. church.
For one hundred years or more the Quakers predominated in this sparsely settled region. Rev. Allen H. Brown, who for more than forty years has been a missionary of Presbyterianism in South Jersey and Atlantic county in particular. has collected much data on the early church history. In the Woodbury Constitu- tion of September 3, 1850, he published several columns of early church history which gives an excellent idea of the civil and religious life in this section just previous to the Revolution. The following are some of the extracts given from the journal of Mr. Philip V. Fithian, who was licensed to preach by the Presbytery of Philadelphia, November 6, 1774, and who visited "Egg Harbour" (Atlantic county) in 1775.
"Friday, February 3. 1775 .- Early in the morning, in company with Dr. Elmer I left Cohansie for Egg Harbour. We arrived at Mr. Thomas Stites' at Great Egg Harbour, about 4 P. M. Sermon was appointed for Sunday at Mr. Champion's (near Tuckahoe), a half brother in the cause .- Sunday 5. Many straggling. impertinent, vociferous swamp men accompanied me this morning: they however, used me with great civility. At 12 began service. There were present between forty and fifty persons, who were attentive without any impro- priety of behaviour and seemed to have some solemnity. I spoke with great free- dom of spirit, yet I hope with a real reverence of the universal presence and awful majesty of the great God.
Monday 6. 1 rode to the Forks at Little Egg Harbor (Pleasant Mills) and put up according to direction at Elijah Clark's, Esq. Mr. Clark is a man of fortune and taste. He appears also to be a man of integrity and piety, an Israelite indeed. And O Religion, thou hast one warm and unfeigned advocate in good and useful Mrs. Clark. I had rather have her spirit with the condition of a starving beggar. than destitute of it to have the wealth of worlds. She has more than the form,-she has the spirit of religion. This peaceful, friendly, heavenlike spirit is breathing from her in every sentence .- Wednesday, February 8. According to appointment
(2×7)
7
JAMES RYON.
289
EARLY CHURCH HISTORY.
I preached in Mr. Clark's little log meeting house. Present about forty. 1 under- stand the people in this wild and thinly settled country, are extremely nice and difficult to be suited in preaching. One would think that scarcely any but a clamorous person who has assurance enough to make a rumpus and bluster in the pulpit would have admirers here. It is however, otherwise. They must have be- fore they can be entertained good speaking, good sense, sound divinity and neat- ness and cleanliness in the person and dress of the preacher. This I found from the remarks which several of them freely made upon gentlemen who had formerly preached here .- Sunday, 12. We had at the small log house a large assembly. The day snowy. 1 preached but once .- Monday, 13. I rode by appointment up to Brotherton (near Atsion) and preached to Mr. Brainard's Indians. Present about thirty and as many white people." Mr. Fithian then proceeded to Greenwich and returning on the 21st to Egg Harbour writes thus:
"Saturday, 25th. From the Forks of Little Egg Harbour I rode to the sea shore to Mr. Price's (later the estate of Gen. Enoch Doughty), an English young gentleman of fortune and breeding, with a design to preach still lower down .- Sunday, 26. I preached to a thin assembly at Cedar Bridge meeting house (Black- man's meeting house, now Zion M. E. church, near Bargaintown). At 2 P. M. I preached at Absecon, at one Mr. Steelman's; a full house .-- Monday, 27. At
ZION CHURCH.
II I preached at Clark's Mill meeting house (near Port Republic). The assembly very attentive. Here they gave me a dollar. Afternoon: I returned to the Forks, found Mr. and Mrs. Brainard there .- Sunday, March 12. Our little meeting house almost filled. Most of the people from the furnace, almost every one from Mr. Clark's little settlement and Mr. Wescott's, and, blessed be God all seemed attentive. I preached twice .- Monday, 13. After dinner I rode over to the furnace" at Batsto, "and visited friendly and agreeable Mrs. Richards. Toward evening with Mr. and Mrs. R- and Mrs. B --- called to see Mrs. P- where we had some useful conversation. In the evening rode from the furnace to the singing school. We had not however the greatest harmony. On our return, at
19
W. A. CORSON M.D.
291
EARLY CHURCH HISTORY
my lodgings was pious Mr. Brainard arrived for the serions exercises appointed for to-morrow. I sat with him and listened to his pious and useful discourse till eleven, when I went reluctantly to bed .- Tuesday. 14. A solemn fast, the day rainy. We have yet a good number. At Mr. Brainard's request I preached first from Lamentations iii. 40, composed for the occasion. Mr. B. afterwards preached an excellent discourse on the happiness of a strong and special reliance on the merits of the Redeemer.
I have said that the people here are nice in their taste concerning preaching. It is not without reason. They have had subjects for comparison. Mr. Brainard and Mr. Clark enumerated the following gentlemen who had occasionally, and some of them very often, preached here as supplies. Messrs. Brainard, Tennent. Smith, Benj. Chestnut, Hunter, Spencer, Dr. James Sproat, Charles Beatty, Win. Ramsey, Nehemiah Greenman, Green, J. Clark, S. Clark, MeKnight, McCracken, Mitchell, Watt, Boyd, Gravis, Brockway. Van Artsdalen, Hollinshead, MeClure, Frisby, Keith, and . Andrew Hunter, Jr."
SALEM CHURCH, SMITH'S LANDING.
Here are the names of twenty-six Presbyterian ministers, besides Mr. Fithian. who left their flocks in Cape May, Philadelphia and other places, and travelled long distances on horseback that they might seek and feed the few scattered sheep in the wilderness. Mr. Greenman at one time left his congregation at Pilesgrove. now Pittsgrove, and spent six months on the shore and almost made an engage- ment to settle there.
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