History of New Mexico : its resources and people, Volume I, Part 3

Author: Pacific States Publishing Co. 4n; Anderson, George B
Publication date: 1907
Publisher: Los Angeles : Pacific States Pub. Co.
Number of Pages: 670


USA > New Mexico > History of New Mexico : its resources and people, Volume I > Part 3


Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).


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Otero, Mariano S .. 544


Otero, Miguel


Antonio (Governor,


1897-1906). 536; describes "White


Sands." 986; on irrigated lands of


New Mexico


.991, 992


Otero, Page B.


645


Otero. Pedro


5.36


Otero, Vincente


536


Otero County-Area, natural features, fruits and vegetables, 820; live stock,


Mascalero Apache Reservation, coun- ty officers, 821 : Alamogordo, 821- 823; New Mexico Institute for the Blind, 823 . Tularosa and its water privileges, 823; Cloudcroft and other resorts 824


Otero County Advertiser


479


Otero Family


536, 537


Orr, Ed


965


Our Lady of Belon.


485


Owen, Frank


645


Owen, John W


752


Ownby, J. P.


744


Ownby, B. B. 744


Pace, George James


705


Page, Gregory


842


Palen, Rufus J. (Judge) . 304


Paradise Lodge No. 2 (Santa


Fe),


I. O. O. F.


503


Parker, Frank Wilson


(Judge)


312


Parker, Thomas S.


935


Parks, B F


764


Paschal


731


Patterson, Richard C. 620


Paxton, J. H ..


344


Pearce, Dr. J. F. (Major) 447


Pearson, John, Sr ..


679


Pearson, John, Jr.


680


Peck, John C.


808


Pecos Irrigation Company.


997


Pecos Irrigation


and Improvement


Company


769


Pecos River Forest Reserve .. 1008


Pecos River Timber Reservation. 579


Pecos Valley Argus.


474


Pecos Valley Railway-769; goes into receiver's hands 770. 787


Pecos Valley & Northeastern Railway Company-770: description of. 899


Pegram & McMillen.


980


Pelphrey, Samuel E.


825


Peña Blanca


890


Pendleton. Granville


344


Penitentes -- 519-522:


threatened


11p-


rising of at Fernando de Taos. .... .. 597


xxii


INDEX


Pennsylvania Development Company ... 903


Penrose, J. H .. 947


Peralta-Reavis Grant Case. 210


Perez, Albino


60


Perez, Demetrio


60


Petroleum


985


Phillips, Bert


597, 601


Physicians.


(See Medicine and Sur-


gery.)


Picard, Father J. A. 485


Pickard (W. E.) Company. 429


Picuries Indians 359


Pierce, Frank M. 872


Pierce, R H.


828


Pike, Zebulon


39


Pino, Boleslo A.


621


Pinos Altos


725


Pinos Altos Mining Company.


946


Pipkin, J. K ..


875


Placer Mines-Elizabethtown


district,


Colfax county, 926; Santa Fe county 929 Plan of Iguala. (See Spanish and Mexican Rule.)


Plaza (Santa Fé) 636


Plemmons, John C. 762


Poe, John


797


Poe, John W.


426


Pollard, Amos Weber


334


Ponget, Father H. C. 485


Pooler, R. L.


699


Pope, William H. (Judge) ..


. . 312, 389


Population of New Mexico-Close of


seventeenth century, 28; in the eighteenth century, 31; Gregg's esti-


mate for 1841, 51, 52; in 1900-1904 .. 163 Portales 886


Portales Lodge No. 26, A. F. & A. M. 498


Porterfield, M. W 932


Poultry


. 1017


Pradt, George H. 609


Pratt, Captain John. 520


Presbyterian Board of Home Missions. 261


Prewitt. Joseph


870


Prewitt, R. C.


432


Price, Joseph 617


Price, Colonel Sterling J., Commands American Troops at Santa Fe. 90


Prichard, Colonel George W. 3.36


Provencher, Demas


606


Prude, J. W


753


Pruit, A.


805


Public Printers 268


Pueblo Indians. (See Indian Tribes.)


Pyramid, or Leitendorf 731


Quay County-Organization and offi- cers, 881 : physical features, 881, 882; Tucumcari 882


Queres Indians (see Acoma and La- guna Indians), 366; first white gov- ernor of ( Robert G. Harmon), 371 ; legends of 371, 372


Railroads-Advent of railroad era, legislative action, 896; Governor Otero's report (1903) 011, 896, 897 ; first passenger train into New Mex- ico, 897; Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fé system, 897-899; Southern Pacific, Denver & Rio Grande, Colorado & Southern lines, 900; Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific system, 900, 901 ; miscellaneous lines, 901, 902; Santa Fé Central Railway Company, 902 ; railway development of recent years, 902, 903; "bluff" railroads, 904; in- corporated railroads .904, 909


Ralston


723


Ramirez, Jose Serafin. 176


Ranchos de Taos. (See Taos Pueblos. )


Randall, Major B. W. 940


Raton-Founding of, 669; waterworks, 669; town government, 669, 670; the city .670, 671


Raton, Bloody Tragedy at .. 2.10


Raton Building and Loan Association. 434 Raton Coal and Coke Company. .. . 975, 977 Raton Comet 480


Raton Reporter


480


Raynolds Brothers


414


Raynolds, Frederick A 414


Raynolds, Henry 419


Raynolds, James Wallace 293


Raynolds, Jefferson


414


Raynolds, Joshua


414


Raymond, Numa


564


Raymond, R. W.


974


Reavis, James Addison. (See Peralta- Reavis Grant Case.) Reclamation Service, District Office


Roswell


790


Reed, W. M.


787


Reeves, Charles M., on New Mexico


of Todav


1046, 1047


Reeves. Reuben A ..


300


Reid, Captain William C.


293


Renehan, Alois B ..


339


Revolt of 1680-Popè, chief Indian agi- tator, 20; Indians assault Santa Fé and abandonment of capital by Gov- ernor Otermin, 21; Bandelier's ac- count. 21 ; narratives of priests, 22; twelve years of Indian rule. .22,


24


Rhea, John W.


430


Rhea, J. E.


430


Richards, "Linn" J. C .. 780


Richardson, Granville A. (Judge) .


.301, 335, 792


Richey, John


771


Ridener & Baker


607


Ridgeway Encampment No. I (Santa


Fé), I. O. O. F.


503


Riley, William M.


754


Riley, W. P.


780


Ringer, Harvey A ..


761


Rio Arriba County-Original bound- aries and present arca, 603; physical


xxiii


INDEX


features and resources, 603, 604; towns 604


Rio Arriba County Coal Field ... 982 Rio Grande Dam and Irrigation Com-


pany . 100I


Rio Grande Valley Woolen Mills Com- panv I040


Rio Grande Republican 476


Rio Hondo (Twining) Mining Dis-


trict


965


Rio Mimbres Irrigation Company. 993


Ritch, William G .. 505


Robert, Mrs. Sallie L 775


Robertson, A. M ..


799


Rodev, Bernard S., Plea of, for Admis-


sion of New Mexico as a State. 167. 168, 290


Rohr. Charles


690


Rohr, Frederick 698


Rolland, F. C. 827


Romero, Benigno


457


Romero, Dr. Felipe B. 456


Romero, Eugenio


656


Romero, Margarito


589


Romero, Rafael


650


Romero, Vicente


650


Romero Drug Company. 457


Roosevelt County-Organization of,


Urton Lake reservoir, Portales for-


est reserve. 885: resources, 885, 886; officers. 886; towns. 886, 887


Rosedale Mine


963


Ross, Edmund G. (Governor) 273


Ross, M


5.56


Roswell-Village of. 788, 780: city of, 789, 700 : public schools. New Mexi- co Military Institute, postoffice and land office. 790; work of Reclamation Service. 790, 791 : Commercial Club .. 790 Roswell Commercial Club. 790


Roswell Register


479


Roswell Record


479


Roswell Lodge No. 18. A. F. & A. M ..


408


Roswell National Bank.


420


Roswell Tribune


479


Roth, Frederick


714


Rudiselle, L. H .. 477


Rutffner. William F. 704


Rinvan, David W.


777


Ruppe, Captain B ..


465


Rush. Josialı A.


693


Russell, H W.


627


Rynerson. Colonel William L ..


317


Ryther, H. B.


478


Sacramento Lodge No. 24 (Alamo- gordo). A. F. & A. M .. 498 Safford, C. V .. 434


Salazar. Manuel M .. 600


Salpointe, Rt. Rev. J. B.


48.3


Salt


.985. 086


Sanchez, Patricia


661


Sanders, Jefferson J.


832


Sandoval, Antonio 177 Sandoval County-Creation of. popula-


tion, natural features, products, 889; officers, 800; towns 890 Sandoval County Coal Field. 983 Sangre, A. L .. 475


San Jose Mill


942


San Juan County-Area, natural fea- tures. 855, 856; irrigated and ir- rigable lands, irrigation ditches, 856- 858; resources, 858, 859; railroads and telephone connections, 860; scenery and ruins, 860, 861 ; county seat fight and county officers, 861, 862; school districts, 862: towns and villages, 862, 863; history of county, 863-867 ; Mormon settlements. 864


San Juan County Bank : 432 San Juan County Coal Field. 983 San Juan Lodge No. 25 (Aztec), A. F. & A M. 498


San Marcial Land and Improvement Company 173 San Marcial, Titles of, in Armendaris Land Grant 173, 614


. .


San Miguel Church (Santa Fè)


636


San Miguel County-Area, physical features and products, 579; Pecos river timher reservation, 579; original boundaries. 580: county officers, 580, 581 ; Las Vegas 581-589 San Miguel National Bank. 415 San Pedro and Cañon del Agua Com- pany 176


Santa Fé Central Railway Company. 902


Santa Fé Cathedral. 639


Santa Fé-Population (1630-1799), 16; capture of by Indians, 21; recapture by De Vargas, 25; population of, at last of eighteenth century, 35: estab- lishment of Santa Fé trade and "trail," 44, 45; Gregg's description of (1841), 51; schools in 1905, 252; first banks. (See Santa Fe County. ) 412, 413


Santa Fé County-Present area, orig- inal bounds, physical features and re- sources, 630, 631 ; turquoise mines, 631, 632 ; placer mining. 632; officials, 632-634; repudiated its railroad


bonds. 635; city of Santa Fé, 635- 640; Cerrillos, 640; coal mining, 641 ; meaning of name, 635: charter as city, 635: ancient buildings, 636; be- comes supply station for overland emigrants, 636; occupied by Gen- eral Kearney, 637; appearance of, when it first became the capital, 639; religious establishments. 639. 640 ; territorial library and penitentiary, educational institutions. 640


Santa Fé County Coal Field. 982


Ross. Robert L. M ..


591


Santa Aña County ..


523


xxiv


INDEX


Santa Fé Republican, First English


Newspaper in New Mexico. . . .. ....


467


Silver City-Jail escape, 243; first schools, 253; first banks. 420 Silver City Lodge No. 8, A. F. & A. M. 496


Silver City National Bank. 421


Silver City Tribune 474


Simpson, A. B .. 884


Sims, Charles H. 888


Sisters of Loretto 260


Slaughter (C. C.) Cattle Company I021


Slaughter, George M. I021


Sleyster, B. A 506


Slough, John P. 307


Sloan, Dr. John H. 453


Small, William H. 745


Smith, Dr. Charles D.


463


Smith, Hugh H .. 706


Smith, Hugh N., Elected by Santa Fé Convention First Delegate to Con- gress II2


Smith, Colonel Paschal 850


Smith, Thomas J. (Chief Justice) . 307, 314 Smithsonian Institution, Expedition of (1879), to Study Zuñi Pueblo. 374


Smyth. O. R .. 747


Snow, Oscar C. 1028


Snyder, Karl A.


342


Socorro Chieftain 478


Socorro (city)


.613, 614


Socorro County-First schools, 253; original bounds and present area, 6II ; officers, 611, 612; physical geog- raphy and resources. 612, 613; city of Sccorro, 613, 614; San Marcial, 614, 615 : other towns 615


Socorro County Coal Field. 982


Socorro Daily Sun. 478


Socorro Lodge No. 9, A. F. & A. M .. 497


Socorro State Bank. 424


Soda


987


Solicitors General


Southern


(Carlsbad)


Canal


Sys-


tem


.996, 997


Southern Canal, Eddy County. 768


Southern Pacific Railroad. .899, 900 Southwestern Coal and Iron Company 944 Southwestern Copper Company. 948 Southwestern Savings, Loan and Build- ing Association 434


Spanish-American War-"Rough Rid- ers" organized, 146; land near San- tiago de Cuba, 147; Colonel Leonard Wood assumes command, 148; battle of Fl Caney, 148; assault of San Juan hill. 149: roster of New Mex- ico Rough Riders, 150: "Big Four" Regiment 153


Spanish Conquest Under Oñate-Peti- tion to found colony of Rio del Norte, 12; preparations, 12, 13; con- vention of native chiefs, 14; final ex- ploration, 15; Benavides' report on missionary work among New Mexico Indians 16-


267


Shelton, William T. 874


Shepherd, Wilmer S. 479


Sheridan. Jo E.


935


Sherry, Judge Byron


332


Sheridan, T. J ..


629


Shipley. James A.


737


Shoemaker, Ed. W. I30


Shoemaker, Samuel E .. 130


Shoemaker, Captain William R. 129


Shuler, Dr. J. J .. .. 449


Sierra County - Area, population,


formation, physical features, 757;


mining history, 757, 758; officials, 758; towns .759, 760


Sierra County Advocate 480


Sierra County Bank 424


Sierra Blanca Lode. 952


Sierra Grande Mining Company


069


Silva, Jose Felipe


891


Silver Cell Mines 946


Silver City


727-730


Silver City Bank. 421


Silver City Eagle. .


474


School of Mines. (See New Mexico School of Mines.) Schools. (See Education.)


Schwarten, John 878


Schweizer, Herman 550


Scott, Owen L.


740


Scully, James


678


Seaberg, Hugo


332


Seay, E. S ..


Secretaries (Territorial) 809


Sedillo, Antonio Abad 266


337


Seeds, Edward P. (Judge)


Seligman, Arthur 300


Seligman. Bernard 642


642


Sellers. Colonel


558


Sena, Major Jose D. 295


Sena. Mariano F.


295


Seven Rivers 771


Sewell, Captain Thomas C. 958


Shakespeare


723


Shakespeare. George L .. 474


Shamrock Gold and Silver Company ... 946


Shaw, John 429


Sheep and Wool (see Stock Raising by Counties) 013


Santa Fé Trail (original)-Gregg's table of distances, 45; trade over, I822-43 (statistics from Gregg's "Commerce of the Prairies"), 47; overland freight trains described. . 47, 49


San Felipe Hotel, Albuquerque. 535


Santistevan, Juan


600


Santa Rita .


731


Santa Rosa


817


Santa Rosa Sun.


475


Sayers. Joseph D., Account of Con-


federate Invasion of New Mexico ... Scheurich, Aloys IOI


I28


Silver City Enterprise


474


19


INDEX


XXV


Spanish and Mexican Rule-Spanish


constitution proclaimed in Mexico


(1812), 56; Iturbide and Mexican independence, 57, 58; plan of Iguala. 57 Sparks, Isaac 646


Spechmann, P. A. 480


Spence, Charles A .. 756


Spiess, Charles A., Proceedings Against for Unprofessional Con- duct


323


Springer


671


Springer, Frank 300


Springer, Manuel R .. 543


Stackpole, Richard


625


Stalcup, William K ..


827


Stapleton, Colonel Robert. 173


Stapleton, Edward S .. 623


Statehood Movement (See Territorial


Organization, 112-115)-Later at-


tempts to form state government, 156; petitions to Congress, 156, 157; state constitutional convention, 158, 159; renewed efforts in Congress, 159, 160; joint statehood for Arizona and New Mexico, 160-163; New Mexico and Arizona compared, 163- 167; plea of Congressman Bernard S. Rodey. 167, 168; Arizona votes against joint statehood 169


State National Bank of Albuquerque .. 418


Stein's Pass 950


Stephens, Dwight B. 848


Stephens, Henry F. 50I


Stephenson, Horace F ... 563


Stephenson-Bennett Consolidated Min- ing Company 951


Stephenson-Bennett Mines.


950


Sterry, Captain Clinton N 327


Stevens, Chester D. 705


Stevens, J. E.


875


Stevens, N. E.


506


Stewart, Donald 883


Stinson, Alfred


810


Stinson, Joseph, Killing of. 235


Stitzel, Dave


966


St. John, Orestes 958


St. Louis, Rocky Mountain & Pacific Company 975


St. Michael's College, Santa


Fé- Founding of, 246; sketch. 259


St. Vrain, Ceran 136


Stock Raising-Persons engaged in


and value of live stock, 1013; sheep and wool, 1013; Angora goats, 1014- 1017; horses, 1017 ; live stock interests hy counties, 1017-1024; cattle organ- izations and "White Caps" 1026


Stockton, Mathias Broyles. 707 Stockton Brothers 863 Storms 1011-1012


Stover, Elias S. 530


Street, J. A ..


88.2


Strickler, Willard S ..


417


Stringfellow & Tannehill. 805


Strong, Richard Parr


662


Strong, Charles Ulick. 663


Strong, Dr. S. Merideth 852


Stroup. A. B .. . 265


Stubbs, George W.


964


Stump, A. F.


868


Sulphur


988


Summers, James A.


546


Summers, Melville R.


547


Sunnyside Sun


475


Superintendents of the Penitentiary 267


Superintendents of Public Instruction. 267


Superior Lumber


and Planing


Mil


Company


1040


Surgeons.


(See Medicine and Sur-


gery.)


Swartz, A. C.


$38


Swartz, J. W.


.837, 838


Swastika


406-4II


Swislier, Dr. Edwin 460


Taliaferro, Jones


755


Tamme, Charles


590


Tannehill, C. C.


805


Tanner, O. R ...


814


Tansill, Robert Weems.


780


Taos - Population of,


at


last


of


eighteenth century, 37; its annual record, 596, 597; description of ...... 598 Taos County-Present area and popu- lation and original boundaries, 594; records open with revolution, 594; officials, 594, 595; turbulent Taos valley, 595, 596; pioneer settlers, 596; erection of church at Fernando de Taos, 596; physical features and re- sources .597, 598


Taos Indians


358, 359, 598


Taos Revolution-Governor Bent's at- tempted pacification, go; is assassi- nated, 92; killing of other Ameri- cans, 92, 03: relief expedition under Colonel Price, 93; Father Martinez, one of its chief authors, 95; indict- ments . for treason against Antonio Maria Trujillo and Juan Antonio Garcia, 100, IOI; Taos county rec- ords, regarding .. 594


Taos &' Mora Mountain Road Com- pany 1039


Taxable Property


165


Taylor, John C .. . 700


Temke, Arthur A .. 344


Temple Lodge No. 6 (Albuquerque), A. F. & A. M. 497


Tenney, W. A. 74I


Territorial Capitol 638


Territorial Organization - Status of Mexican under, 109; petition to Congress for, III; convention at Santa Fé (September, 1849) adopts plans and elects congressional dele- gate, 112; agents for formation of state government, 112; state constitu-


xxvi


INDEX


tion framed and election held, 113; meeting of New Mexico State Legis- lature, 115: Congress passes act es- tablishing Territory, and conflict be- tween state and military governments ends. 115; boundaries of new Terri- tory, 117; John S. Calhoun, first gov- ernor, 118; first militia, 118; list of military commanders, 120; Gadsden purchase 120


Territorial Penitentiary, Provided for. 638 Terry, John W 616


Texas Santa Fé Expeditions-Inva- sion of New Mexico under Colonel


William G. Cooke, 63; surrenders to overwhelming force of Mexicans, 65 : second expedition, under Colonel


Snively


67


Thayer, Benjamin B. 937


Thayer, Charles Lawrence 642


Thompson, George 863


Thompson, W. O. 480


Thornton, William T. (Governor) 277 Three Bears Mining Company 972 Tierra Amarilla 604


Tight, Dr. W. G., 255, 918; geological history by. . 910-918


Tilton, Harry H.


556


United


States


Registers


of


Land


Tipton, Jesse E.


665


Offices


268, 269


Tipton, S. E. 664


Tipton, Will M. 216


Tipton, W. D. 831


Tison, Albert 660


Tolby, Rev. Mr., Murder of. 235


Tomlinson, Dr. James A. 883


Topham, Thomas J. 989


Torpedo Mine


951


Torrance County-Organization, Es-


tancia valley, 892, 893 ; railroads, offi- cials, 893; towns .893, 895


Torrance (town) 894


Torres, Jose E. 618


Towndrow, John Henry 702


Tracy, James H.


848


Traveling Auditor and Bank Ex-


aminer


268


Treadway, John A ..


214


Treasurers (Territorial) 267


Truitt, J. T.


772


Trujillo, Luciano 597


Tucumcari


882


882


Virden Brothers


866


Wade, E. C .. 326


Wade, Edward Clemens. 575


Wagner, Peter 946


Wagon Mound 651


Waldschmidt. Dr. Charles H. 464


Wallace


890


Walling, Wayne


873


Walters, Price


876


Walton, W. B.


340


Turquoise Mines-Santa Fe County,


931; Burro mountains, near Silver


City, 931, 932, 948; Jarilla moun- tains, Otero county 971


Twitchell, Ralph E.


300


Twitty, Eugene G.


675


Uhlfelder, Julius 509


Ulrich, George L. 433


Union County-Area, population, rail- roads, formation of county and nat- ural features, 716; stock raising and agriculture, 717; chief towns. ... . 717, 718 Union Lodge No. 4 (Watrous), A. F. & A. M. 496


United States Attorneys 271


United States Bank and Trust Com- pany 414 United States Collectors of Internal Revenue 268


United States Court of Private Land Claims, Creation of, and Work. . 200, 209 United States General Hospital. .. . .... 443 United States Marine Hospital Sana- torium for Tuberculosis 444


United States Marshals 271


United


States


Receivers


of


Land


Offices


268, 26¢


United States Surveyors General. 268 University of New Mexico. 254


Upson, M. Ashe 530


Upton, James N. 854


Urton, George R .. 1022


Utes. (See Apaches) 390


Utton, John


701


Valencia


County-Original bounds,


present area, population and re- sources, 605-606; towns, 606; early settlers 606


Van Houten, John 1027


Van Patten, Colonel Eugene. 127


Vann, Samuel 505


Vanghan, Boone C. 876


Vaughn, J. H. 325


Vert, Dr. Edmund J. 256


Victorio Mining District. 731, 966


Troy, Oscar


708


Victorio.


(See Apaches)


392


Vigil, Donaciano


III


Vincent, Hon. William A .. 299


Voorhees, Abram Crawford 345


Tucumcari Commercial Club


Tucumcari Lodge No. 27, A. F. & A. M. 498


Tucumcari News 478


Tucumcari Wool Scouring Mills. 1040


Tularosa 823


Tularosa Land and Cattle Company. .1008


Tuley, Murray F. (Judge) . 326


Turner, John W. . .


1027


Turner, R. Marvin 333


Turner, W. P.


802


Ward, A. G ..


957


INDEX xxvii


Warren, Henry L. (Judge) 327


Warren, Orange Scott 735


Warren, W. E. 826


Water Users' Association of Dona Ana County 568


Watrous 651


Watson, Dr. T. W. 459


Weber, Frank 652


Webster, John M. 763


Wedgewood, Tom


1015


Weightman, Richard H .- First regular delegate to Congress I18


Weltmer. Jacob 643


Welch, Dr. J. W. 944


Werner, Major Melchior 529


Westlake, Dr. O. J. 459


West, Noah S.


813


Wharton, S. M. 477


Wheaton. Theodore 321


White. Elza


804


White, Dr. W. H. 459


White Mountain mining district. (See White Oaks.)


White Oaks 752


White Oaks Outlook 477


White Oaks mining region 95I


White Sands


986


Whitehead, E. S. 344


Whitehill, Cornelius C .. .. 734


Whitehill, Harvey Howard .. 732


Whiteman. William Henry (Judge) 317


Whiting, Major Harry Rees. ..


5.30


Whitney, James G. and J. P .- Canada de Cochite grant assigned to. 174


Willard


894


Willburn, W. P. B.


779


Williams, Frank


810


Williams, Col. William H 432


Williams, W. W. 970


Willson, Col. J. W 258


Wilson, Andrew


832


Wilson, George


952


Wilson, Percy 342


Wilson, Thomas-On the Swastika. .


406, 41I


Winters, D. C. 590


Winters, Jack


952


Wiseman, S. A. 694


Wolf, Michael


628


Wolford, J. A .. 749


Wolford, John F .. 718


Woods, Robert H .. 873


Wooster, Henry S. (Judge) 592


Wootton, Richard L .. 102


Wright, Frank J. 344


Wrigley, William Courtland 301, 330


Wroth, Dr. James H ..


447


Wylder, Dr. Meldrum Keplinger.


462


Wyman, Dr. Walker


445


Yarberry, Milton J.


240


Yater, Dr. C. M ..


456


Young, Daniel-Murder of. 235


Young, E. M ..


741


Young, John R.


865, 879


Y. M. C. A. of Las Vegas


587


Yunker, P. N.


626


Zunis-Religion and superstitions of, 375-378; dances, 378; government, 378; houses and domestic life, 379; blankets, 380; fraternities, 381 ; his- toric summary of 381, 384


History of New Mexico.


EXPLORATION AND DISCOVERY


It was the "impious lust for gold" that brought the region that forms the territorial basis of this volume into the light of history. The succession of events preceding the discovery is interesting. In 1519 Alvarez de Piñeda, a Spanish explorer, having followed the gulf coast from Florida to Mexico and thence back to the mouth of the Mississippi, was, as it seems, the first European to sail upon that broad river, but more important than that to our present discussion is the fact that he was author of the report that the Indians dwelling on the banks of that river wore gold orna- ments. No doubt this statement was a fiction, but, without regard to its truth or the subsequent career of its author, the report became an origin of a series of historical incidents.


Panfilo de Narvaez, aroused by Piñeda's mention of gold ornaments on the Mississippi Indians, and eager to outrival the conquest of the great Cortez, obtained permission to conquer and govern all the northern coast of the Gulf of Mexico. His expedition, which left Cuba in March, 1528, resulted in complete failure, the ships being wrecked and scattered and all but four men losing their lives. One of these four was Cabeza de Vaca, whose narrative of his wanderings has preserved his name and deeds to history. After many strange wanderings and terrible sufferings, he and his companions-namely, two other Spaniards, Dorantes and Castillo Mal- donado, and a negro, named Stephen or "Little Stephen," crossed Texas and Chihuahua and Sonora, finally reaching the Spanish settlement at Culiacan, in May, 1536.


According to Donaldson, Cabeza de Vaca passed in his journey through Taos, Laguna, Acoma and Zuñi, and thence to the Gila, touching almost all the now known pueblos. However, Donaldson's authority for this line of march is quite vague, even if it be admitted that he has any authority whatever. De Vaca made no notes during his journey, and the stories told by him and his company did not agree in many essential particulars. The stories of the experiences of de Vaca and his companion are now regarded by the true student as grossly exaggerated, possibly for some personal reason. They had been made slaves by the Indian tribes among whom they sojourned. and for years had suffered from all sorts of privations. That they were the first Europeans to cross the continent is unquestioned ; but there is absolutely no evidence to show that they traveled further north in the Rio Grande Valley than the site of El Paso, and it is ex- tremely improbable that they struck the Gila. Why, when they were in search of their own race, should they select a mountainous rather than a comparatively level country? The most natural course for them to have


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HISTORY OF NEW MEXICO


taken in their search for the Pacific Coast was through the northern part of Sonora.


De Vaca did not pass through New Mexico, but his journey disclosed the existence of a vast unexplored territory north of the land of the Monte- zumas. This territory at once became the land of mystery and the seat of all the fabled kingdoms which the widening course of exploration and discovery was continually disproving and pushing across the bounds of the known into the domain of the unknown, where the unbaffled romanticism of the age would reconstruct anew its cities of golden splendor. De Vaca and his companions to quote the narrative of Castañeda, historian of Coronado's expedition, gave the viceroy an extended account of some powerful villages, four or five stories high, of which they had heard a great deal in the countries they had crossed, and other things very different from what turned out to be the truth. In this vague region imagination placed the Seven Cities of Cibola, whose luxuriance and wealth invited to spoliation. These Seven Cities, about which rumor had come to Spanish cars, were probably none other than the seven pueblos of Zuñi in New Mexico. The mystic number seven had long figured in historical romance, and while discovery was still at the borderland of the western world the existence of seven inland towns would naturally excite the wildest specula- tion. Even before de Vaca returned to civilization, bearing his wonder tales, the Spaniards of Mexico had heard of these cities to the north. An Indian in the possession of the governor of New Spain, Nuño de Guzman, often told of some very large villages to the north which he had visited in company with his father. "He had seen seven large towns which had streets of silver workers. It took forty days to go there, through a wilderness in which nothing grew except some very small plants about a span high." In search of this country, already named "The Seven Cities," de Guzman had arranged an expedition, but in consequence of the obstacles interposed by the mountains and desert, got no further than Culiacan.




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