USA > Nevada > Washoe County > General History and Resources of Washoe County, Nevada, Published Under the Auspices of the Nevada Educational Association > Part 1
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D
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S
GENERAL HISTORY
AND RESOURCES
- OF -
-
WASHOE COUNTY, NEVADA,
PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUSPICES OF THE
NEVADA EDUCATIONAL ASSOCIATION.
COMPILED BY
N. A. HUMMEL,
Principal of Wadsworth Schools, and Secretary of Washoe County Exhibit Committee.
1 888 : EVENING GAZETTE JOB PRINT RENO, NEVADA.
STOP OVER AT RENO.
Ask the conductor for a lay-over check and stop over night at Reno. In the morning you can take the Virginia and Truckee train and go to the Comstock mines, Virginia City, or via Carson City go to Tahoe, Donner and Webber Lakes, and catch the western-bound train at Truckee and proceed to San Francisco.
R. W. PARRY.
J. A. FITZGERALD.
DEPOT HOTEL,
RENO, NEVADA.
STOP AT THE DEPOT HOTEL, RENO, NEV.,
The best in the town, and headquarters for all railroad and stage lines. Prices reasonable.
PARRY & FITZGERALD, PROPRIETORS.
All Trains Stop Half an Hour at the Depot Hotel, Reno, for Meals.
The Finest Brands of Wines, Liquors and Cigars at the Bar.
The only known surviving original of this early Nevada Imprint was recently uncovered by the staff of the Nevada Historical Society and made a part of their Nevada library. Its accurate portrayal of the early history of the Reno area, and the knowledge that few Nevada his- torians would be able to use the original, prompted the decision to reprint it. Grateful appreciation is given to Marion Welliver, Director of the Nevada Historical Society, for her complete cooperation in this endeavor.
1
Douglas McDonald Reno, Nevada September, 1969
This is copy number 204 of a special reprint edition, limited to 325 copies, of which 300 are offered for sale.
Printed by the SAGEBRUSH PRESS P. O. BOX 337 VERDI, NEVADA 89439
E45674
ADVERTISEMENTS.
Riverside * Flotel,
(FORMERLY LAKE HOUSE)
RENO, - - -
NEVADA.
Renovated and Remodeled, Rooms En-Suite or Single.
W. R. CHAMBERLAIN, Proprietor.
1@ Free coach to and from all trains.
H. J. THYES. W. R. CHAMBERLAIN.
CHAMBERLAIN & THYES,
-Wholesale Dealers in-
Wines, X Liquors X and * Gigars,
FIRST NATIONAL BANK BUILDING,
RENO, - - -
NEVADA.
Sole Agents for State of Nevada for Schmidt & Co.'s Sarsaparilla and Iron Water
1
ADVERTISEMENTS.
ANDREW BENSON,
PROPRIETOR OF
Livery, Feed and Sale Stables,
AND STOCK CORRALS,
RENO, NEVADA.
Wieland and Boca
Beer Depot and Lodging House,
J. J. BECKER, Proprietor,
COMMERCIAL ROW, - RENO, NEV.
-
-Finest Brands of-
WINES, LIQUORS AND CIGARS
-KEPT IN STOCK .-
Hot lunch served every day. Sandwiches of all kinds made to order.
M. S. ROSENTHAL, Prop. 8. EMRICH, Manager. NEVADA CASH STORE,
No. 27 Virginia St., Reno, Nev.
-
Dry * Goods, * Fancy * Goods,
CARPETS, SILCLOTH, AND LINOLEUM.
Gents' Furnishing Goods, Ladies' and Children's Winter and Summer Cloaks.
A large proportion of our goods are bought at Liquidation Auction Safes. Immense bargains are constantly offered. Send your orders and prompt attention will be given.
HARNESS AND SADDLERY EMPORIUM.
F. KLINE,
SIERRA STREET, - ·RENO, NEV.
Manufacturer and Dealer in
Light and Heavy Harness, Spanish Bits and Spurs, Saddles, Whips, Collars, Chaparejos, Quirt», Etc.
FULL LINE OF HORSE GOODS.
Repairing Harness, Saddles and Spanish Bits and Spurs promptly attended to.
ADVERTISEMENTS.
FOLSOM & WELLS,
Importers and dealers in
Hardware and Agricultural Implements,
Groceries, Crockery, Liquors, Cigars, Etc.
MASONIC BUILDING,
RENO,
NEVADA.
GOLDEN EAGLE HOTEL.
-A H. BARNES, Proprietor .-
PACIFIC PRESS
The Leading Hotel of Nevada, RENO, - - NEVADA
This Will Remind You
That you can always save THREE DOLLARS in every TWENTY DOLLARS by buying your
Dry Goods, Carpets, Cloaks And Fancy Goods
Of us. We unquestionably exhibit the largest and best stock in all our branches.
OUR MOTTO-We Lead and are Never Undersold.
F. LEVY & BRO., RENO, NEVADA.
RICHARD HERZ,
-DEALER IN FINE-
Watches, Diamonds and Jewelry, RENO, NEVADA.
Plain and Ornamental Engraving done on short notice. Designs furnished on application.
-TIME TAKEN BY TRANSIT.
Fine and Complicated Watches Carefully Repaired AND ADJUSTED.
Low Prices, Fine Work, Prompt Attention.
1
ADVERTISEMENTS.
-THE-
Leading * Stationer,
85 COMMERCIAL ROW,
RENO,
NEVADA.
Reno Livery Stable,
J. A. POTHOFF, Proprietor,
OPPOSITE DEPOT HOTEL,
-RENO, NEVADA .-
Horses, Buggies and Saddle Horses
TO LET.
BEST TURNOUTS CONSTANTLY ON HAND.
orses Boarded By The Day, Week or Month.
S. J. HODGKINSON,
Druggistik
-AND-
*Apothecary,
Perfumery and Tollet Articles.+
VIRGINIA STREET, - RENO, NEVADA.
G. W. LARCOMBE. E. B. COFFIN.
COFFIN & LARCOMBE,
-DEALERS IN --
Groceries, Fruit, Vegetables,
ETC.,
ETC.
North Side of the Railroad Track,
SIERRA STREET, RENO, NEV.
ADVERTISEMENTS.
he
Bank of Nevada,
RENO, - NEVADA.
CAPITAL STOCK FULLY SUBSCRIBED,
-
-
$300,000.
Will buy and sell exchange on San Francisco, New York and the principal Eastern and Eur. ~ n cities.
OFFICERS :
M. D. FOLEY, President,
M. E. WARD, Vice-President,
M. MEYER, Cashier, R. S. OSBORN, Assistant Cashier.
DIRECTORS :
DANIEL MEYER, of San Francisco, M. D. FOLEY, of Eureka, GEORGE RUSSELL, of Elko, M. E. WARD, J. N. EVANS, C. C. POWNING, L. ABRAHAMS, of Reno.
STOCKHOLDERS :
Daniel Meyer, M. Brown, L. Brown and Wm. Fries, of San Francisco; Russell & Bradley, of Elko; M. D. Foley, B. Gilman, H. Donnelly, R. K. Morrison, W. E. Griffin, John Torrey, H. Johnson and W. J. Tonkin, of Eureka; Frank Golden, of Virginia City; Mat Healey, of Susanville; Theo. H. Winters, of Washoe Val- ley; R. M. Clarke, of Carson; J. H. Whited, of Wadsworth; C. C. Powning, J. N. Evans, A. Benson, B. F. Bobo, L. Abrahams. A. Abrahams, W. H. Gould, Sol. Levy, M. E. Ward, R. S. Osburn, R. H. Lindsay, W. D. Phillips, E. Cohn, T. V. Julien, L. J. Flint, of Reno.
Will Transact a General Banking Business. Mining' and other Stocks Bought and Sold on Commission.
AGENTS FOR SEVERAL FIRST-CLASS INSURANCE COMPANIES.
ADVERTISEMENTS.
How the Snakes Came on Pyramid Rocks Twenty-five Years Ago.
Twenty-five years ago one bright morning in the early spring Lem Savage and Dave Scott started down the Truckee in a flat-bottomed scow for the purpose of having a glorious jollification on the blue waters of Pyramid Lake. They were not exceptional pioneers, and, as a matter of course, they fortified themselves against the dangers of the journey by taking with them a ten-gallon jug of whiskey. They made the lake all right but their "lightning" was all gone. They concluded they could not have any pleasure without some of that "stuff," so they sent an Indian back to Glendale for another supply. When that had also disappeared they went down to the shore for a bath and when through went to put on their boots. But they didn't-they were full of squirming snakes the boots we mean-the boys put for the hills and traveled as fast as they could go until they reached home. The 20 gallons started a colony of "rattlers" which has gained a world-wide celebrity. They are there in the millions and the rocks in the center of Pyramid Lake, where Lem and Dave pulled off their boots, will stand as a warning to drinkers of poor whiskey. Don't credit Tom Hymers with this yarn, because he tells nothing but the truth.
T. K. HYMERS,
(Successor to HYMERS & COMSTOCK)
-PROPRIETOR-
Truckee Livery, Feed and Sale Stables.
Horses, Buggies and Saddlo Horses To Lot and Bearded by the Day, Wock or Mouth.
-TERMS TO SUIT THE TIMES .- -
1
-- 1
A fine set of scales has been added to the stable , and the stock corrals put in first-class condition. Hay, cattle horses or hogs correctly weighed and certificates given. The stables have been renovated throughout, and now offer the best accommodations in Reno.
HEARSE TO LET.
ADVERTISEMENTS.
FIRST NATIONAL BANK,
RENO, - - NEVADA.
Capital Paid In, $200,000.
Surplus, $70,000.
Collections Carefully Made and Promptly Accounted For.
Accounts of Merchants, Banks, Bankers and Individuals Solicited.
OFFICERS:
D. A. BENDER, President,
G. W. MAPES, Vice-President.
C. T. BENDER, Cashier, GEO. H. TAYLOR, Assistant Cashier.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS :
W. O. H. MARTIN, A. H. MANNING, GEO. W. MAPES,
D. A. BENDER, C. T. BENDER.
STOCKHOLDERS :
D. A. Bender, Mrs. H. Yerington, Carson, Nevada; D. B. Lyman, Richard Kirman, Virginia City, Nevada; J. P. Woodbury, Empire, Nevada; Allen A. Curtis, John A. Paxton, F. D. Stadtmuller, Thomas Holt, San Francisco, California; F. M. Rowland, Long Valley, California; Charles Kaiser, Stillwater, Nevada; Adam Schrieber, Winnemucca, Nevada: O. W. Ward W. O. H. Martin, Geo. W. Mapes, Samuel Brown, F. M. Lee, Geo. H. Taylor, A. H. Manning, C. T. Bender, Estate John Johnson, Mrs. Jennie Lewis, Reno, Nev.
--
-
ADVERTISEMENTS.
-THE -
+Palace Dry Goods and Carpet House,
CARRIES THE-
LARGEST STOCK, THE FINEST GOODS
AT LOWEST PRICES.
Ladies from the surrounding country who are visiting Reno are respectfully invited to pay a visit to our establishment, where an extensive assortment of the latest fabrics and novelties in Fancy Goods, such as
Fine Laces, Gloves, Mitts, Collars and Cuffs, Ruchings, Handkerchiefs,
RIBBONS, PARASOLS, ETC., Will be seen displayed throughout the house.
We aim to supply our Dress Goods Department, which is one of the leading ones in the house, with all the latest novelties as soon as they appear in the best markets, and are prepared to offer them at most popular prices.
OUR ASSORTMENT OF CARPETS AND WALL PAPERS
Are of the most stylish designs and latest patterns, and will be found to be second to none in the State.
All orders from the country receive prompt attention. Samples for- warded by mail upon application. Respectfully,
THE PALACE DRY GOODS AND CARPET HOUSE,
Agents for Harper's Bazaar Patterns. MORRIS & LEVY, Proprietors.
GENERAL HISTORY
AND RESOURCES
- OF -
WASHOE COUNTY, NEVADA,
PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUSPICES OF THE
NEVADA EDUCATIONAL ASSOCIATION.
COMPILED BY
N. A. HUMMEL,
Principal of Wadsworth Schools, and Secretary of Washoe County Exhibit Committee.
SPV
1888: EVENING GAZETTE JOB PRINT RENO, NEVADA.
.
.
PREFACE.
N collecting data we were assisted by many of the old pioneers, and use was made of the files of the RENO GAZETTE, Reno Journal, Reno Crescent and the Democrat. Among the authorities we consulted were J. Boss Browne, Wm. Wright (Dan De Quille), Thompson and West, Jno. C. Fremont, Clarence King, Washington Irving, De Witt. C. Peters, J. W. Bonneville and State Controller's Reports.
Special articles were furnished by Hon. H. L. Fisk, R. L. Fulton, Gen. C. W. Irish, Hon. W. C. Dovey, Mrs. M. S. Doten and T. V. Julien.
F847 Wetz 1969
- - - -
;
General History and Resources
- OF -
WASHOE COUNTY, NEVADA.
HEN Lieutenant Fremont journeyed overland to the Pacific and crossed the vast interior country lying between the Rocky Mountains and the Sierra Nevada, he named the region the Great Basin. The name is well ap- plied, as. scientists have since ascertained that this region was, during the Quartenary Age, filled with broad and deep inland seas. That portion of this immense country now occupied by Washoe County, and with which we have to do, was filled by ancient Lake Lahontan. It ex- tended from parts of Northern California and Southern Oregon south to present Walker Lake, a distance of 250 miles. In its widest part it was 200 miles broad. In its center it inclosed a mountainous island 140 miles long and 70 miles broad, or an area of 10,000 square miles. Its depth ranged from 250 feet to 1,000 feet. There are many existing proofs of the former presence of such a body of water as scientists picture Lake Lahontan; and that Washoe County was once one immense lake, and after a series of smaller lakes, which dwindled to the present chain, is not to be doubted by the most obtuse observer. The foot of the mountains to the west of Washoe City consists to a depth of several feet of a strata of sand piled upon each other with a regularity that no agency but standing water could accomplish. The mountain side to an altitude of . 150 feet shows every indication of having been the lake shore. The hills that approach each other near the old Temelec Mill mark plainly the northern
boundary of the lake that once covered Pleasant Valley. The chain of hills that runs easterly across the valley from Huffaker's as plainly marks the northern limit of the lake that covered Steamboat Valley. The hills along the Truckee from its source to its mouth furnish like evidence. In many places along this water line millions of minute shells can be found. As Lake Lahontan never overflowed, its waters became saline and alkaline and deposited large quantities of calcium, carbonate, common salt, sodium sulphate, potas- sium, magnesium, and many other less soluble salts. It is not certainly known what became of all this mineral matter, but from the following evidence we conclude that much of it was buried by the sand, clay and marl, brought into the basin by other agencies at different periods. At several places in Churchill County, a few miles to the east of Wadsworth, immense beds of salt are found good even' on the surface. For an un- known depth pure rock salt is found as clear as ice and as white as the driven snow.
The whole of this does not contain a single streak of any deleterious matter or rubbish, and is ready tor quarrying and sending to market. Great blocks of the pure stuff can be raised the same as if it were stone. On exposure, however, it admits of being closely packed in sacks. One man can quarry and wheel out five tons a day, ready for mill use, or to offer for sale in the store. In the same district is Soda Lake, a body of water of about seven acres, which is a veritable lake of soda. This substance in its crude state forms on
2
GENERAL HISTORY AND RESOURCES
.
the shore of the lake as fast as it is removed, and the supply is inexhaustible, Many tons of the crude article are shipped to San Francisco to be manufactured into bi-carbonate of soda and sal- soda. Borax is held in solution in the waters of Hot Springs and other places in the vicinity. The borate of lime is condensed, the dirt washed away and the water evaporated. Borax is man- ufactured from the acids and borates thus ob- tained. Borax is frequently found in crystals the size of a pea. There are some extensive borax fields within a few miles of Wadsworth, which is the principal shipping point. The Central Pacific Railroad Company spent nearly $100,000 in bor- ing a six-inch artesian well at White Plains, Nev. The matter from this well proves beyond a doubt that Washoe County and the adjacent territory is the bed of an ancient inland sea, and upholds other statements and theories. Following is the result: Five] hundred feet of drift, 600 feet of lava, 160 feet of volcanic ash, or block slate; next comes 600 feet of fine sand rock, which looks as much like a sea sand deposit as possible. There is no salt below the 1100-foot level, although the whole top of the ground is a bed of salt. Within 180 feet of the bottom of the sandrock was a layer of soft blackwood of rapid growth 90 feet thick. Below the sandrock the drill struck the original country rock, into which it went 300 feet. It is a hard, dark gray rock looking like basalt, but differing in many respects.
-
Sulphur is found on the shore of Winnemucca Lake, but as this bed is some 70 miles from the railroad it will probably remain .undisturbed for some years, although experts pronounce it of su- perior quality. Some months ago a San Fran- cisco corporation discussed the feasibility of marketing it, and went so far as to contract for 20,000 tons annually. The company was refused the privilege of hauling over the Indian Reserva- tion road and bridge, and we opine that is the reason nothing further has been done. The vast quantities of calcium carbonate, tufa, or' coral- call it what you will-deposited from the waters of Lake Lahontan still remain to add to the picturesqueness of the regions in which they are found, and to afford us our last great and con- clusive proof of the former presence of a large body of salt water. On a trip to the region here
mentioned we were accompanied by Miss Taddie Doane, Col. W. D. C. Gibson and Hon. W. C. Dovey, State Superintendent ot Public Instruc- tion. "Thej field was given to the latter, and he writes as follows:
"The lover of nature who delights to view her handiwork in sculptured rock and curiously chis- eled stone, will do well and be a hundredfold re- paid for trouble and expense, by taking a drive of three hours from Wadsworth to Pyramid Lake and vicinity of the Indian Agency. The Agency is distant about twenty miles from Wadsworth, "and when you have driven about ten miles on the journey, by the desert route, you will come upon reef after reef of old coral, extending along the sides of the canyon, marking the shoreline of an ancient sea. Fragments are strewn along the wayside, and by their strange forms and beauti- ful resemblance to vegetable growths will attract attention and excite curiosity. This coral is in a wonderful state of preservation considering the immense lapse of time since it was placed in its . present position by the coral polyp. The"cab- bage. turnip, cauliflower, and many indescribable shapes are here represented in coral. Many have suffered but little loss of beauty by the wear and tear of the elements except the loss of their pristine snowy luster, which has faded into dull gray or brown. Extending across the point of the peninsula that divides the waters of the Truckee, turning a portion into Lake Pyramid," is a lofty hill (Mt. Echo) that rises abruptly like a wall to a hight of nearly a thousand feet above the surface of the lake. The mountain is isolated and a team can be easily driven around it. and at every point of view the beholder is filled with astonishment. From its base, which is buried in the sands of the lake, to its summit its sides are lined with huge masses of coral, that seem to be twisted or carved into many 'strange and fantastic forms. Sometimes it rises in dome-shaped masses that would weigh thous- ands. of tons; at other points it resembles great fountains of water, rising up near the summit of the mountain in columns twenty 'or thirty feet high, the overflow of which seems to be falling into huge urns or basins, that group themselves in curious clusters near the crest and at lower alti- tudes. There are in other. places grottoes and
1
3
OF WASHOE COUNTY, NEVADA.
caves, into which the roaring breakers dashed thousands of years before the foundations of Babylon were laid. It must be seen to be appre- ciated. and, like nearly all of nature's great won- ders, it cannot be accurately described.
The pyramid-shaped islands that suggested the name of the lake, and which rise to an altitude of several hundred feet, are chiefly huge masses of coral. The formation is found all along the shores of both lakes. on the mountain sides and along on the sides of the canyon for fifteen miles above the mouth of the Truckee. It skirts with a level watermark the sides of the mountains that hem in the Sinks of Carson and Humboldt rivers, and marks the shoreline of an arm of the sea that might have been and probably was a pro- longation of the Gulf of California. The depth of the water at the time here spoken of, as indi- cated by the hight of the coral on the mountain at the head of the lake, must have been at least eight or nine hundred feet above its present sur- face. The Truckee River, from Wadsworth to Pyramid, has cut its way through the old sea-becl, leaving nearly perpendicular walls of mud and sand along its banks, in many places rising to a hight of more than two hundred feet. The salt marshes of Black Rock Desert, Humboldt Des- ert, Carson Desert, and also the deserts in Es- meralda and Nye Counties, are simply the residue of this inland gulf or sea. Its shores were lined with active volcanoes, and nearly every island that dotted its surface was a volcano that poured forth its fiery flood for centuries. The black and forbidding mountains that everywhere wall in the shores of this inland sea attest the truth of this theory, and confirm the rule established else- where all over the globe, that volcanic action is confined to the sea coasts or islands of the ocean.
At this time Nevada and the great basin en- joyed a tropical climate, for it must be remem- bered that the coral builders only work in tropi- cal waters. and in sea-water and never in bodies of water entirely cut off from the ocean. That Nevada then enjoyed a tropical climate is further proven by the tracks and fossil bones found in the State Prison yard at Carson. The fauna and flora of Africa were here then in rich and varied profusion. The elephant, rhinoceros, lion and saber-toothed tiger mingled their harsh voices
with the thunder of tropical storms, the, roar of the surf, and the deep mutterings of burning mountains.
It is not improbable that the prehistoric man whose giant footprints still remain in the rock in the State Prison yard, maintained a precarious existence in his ceaseless warfare upon the huge and terrible wild beasts which then infested this region. This age of coral in Nevada, though re- mote from us, was a comparatively recent geo- logical period which is clearly manifest in the ex- cellent state of preservation in which this coral is found. Perhaps no other lakes in America pos- sess the attractions and charms for the tourist and student of nature and of science as those two wonderful sheets of water known as Pyramid and Winnemucca Lakes.
Space will not allow us to pursue this subject any further, but enough has been presented to show that it was once a lake and that it has been subject to changes of climate. As this great sea did not have an outlet. where did the water go? Scientists generally concede that the Great Basin was elevated by the agents of nature and most of the water expelled over the southern barriers, to cut the rocky canyons of the .Colorado and find repose in the Pacific. Partly preceding and partly contemporaneous with the elevation of the Great Basin and the expulsion of the waters of Lake Lahontan came the vulcanism which left so many traces of its work, and gave us our thermal springs. On the mountain summits and hill tops are found huge masses of trachyte or lava, weigh- ing many tons. On the plains and in the ravines are found scoria or ashes scattered lavishly for miles. The great frowning ridges of gray and black which tower above us on every side are part of the largest volcano trap known. On the side of Mt. Rose is an immense fissure, which was given birth during this period, which per- formed an important part in the convulsions of nature, and which even now hangs threatening over our heads. Buried in Lake Tahoe is the crater of a once powerful volcano, which, should it come into action again, would hurl the water, the fish and the gallant boats thousands of feet skyward. It would bury our towns under sixty feet of molten lava, and the people would suffer the fate of Pompeii and Herculaneum.
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