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Gc 974.702 N422pt 1425900
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GENEALOGY COLLECTION
ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY 3 1833 01150 3205
Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2015
https://archive.org/details/annalsofstmichae00pete
Annals of St. Michael's *
Being the History of St. Michael's Protestant Episcopal Church, New York, for
One Hundred Years 1807-1907
Compiled by Order of the Vestry
Edited by
John Punnett Peters, D.D.
Illustrated
G. P. Putnam's Sons New York and London The Iknickerbocker Press 1907
COPYRIGHT, 1907 BY JOHN P. PETERS
The Knickerbocker Press, new york
1425900
PREFACE
C OMMISSIONED by the Vestry to prepare a brief volume on the history of St. Michael's Church, in connection with the centenary of the parish, I have far overstepped the boundaries of brevity in this present work. My plea for pardon or at least sus- pension of sentence is the interest of the theme. The history of St. Michael's is intimately connected with the history and development, material, mental, and spiritual of the entire upper part of Manhattan Island. It was impossible to tell the story of the church without telling the story of the old families that built it, the old houses in which they lived, and the gradual changes through which the people and their homes have passed in the hundred years of the church's life. It was St. Michael's Church, its rectors, wardens, and vestrymen, who concerned themselves in the making of the new city on the West Side, with its schools and hospitals, its parks and playgrounds, its churches and asylums, its libraries and its transit facilities. The history of all these things is inextricably interwoven with the history of St. Michael's. She is the mother of a dozen churches, and almost as many institutions. Their story is a part of her history. The work of the Church among the miserable and abandoned in the hospitals, asylums, almshouses, and prisons, the work of the Church in the slums, the rescue work for fallen women and forsaken children,-these began in St. Michael's. From her went forth the first free church; she first
iii
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Preface
provided Christian burial for the poor. Here the first and greatest of our sisterhoods was founded; her Charity School became the first Public School of the West Side; she sent her rectors as missionaries to Oregon, Turkey, and Five Points; she entered the courts to fight powerful railroad corporations to protect the people's rights. Surely it is a tale worth telling, and worth taking the time and space to tell. Some of her rectors, too, have been, not only men of mark in the Church and the community, but men the story of whose lives is both interesting and profitable. One was the most famous scholar of the Church in his day, another a pioneer in missions, another a preaching friar, a firebrand of freedom, another a wise and prophetic organizer, whose organizations have made their impress on the whole Church. Of these men and their work this book tells the story.
I must return thanks to the Vestry, who authorized the publication of this volume; the members of St. Michael's staff, who have given me such ungrudging and unselfish aid; the parishioners and old parishioners and the descendants of still older parishioners who have communicated to me their recollections and their family traditions, and helped me to procure both facts and illustrations; and last but not least to the pub- lishers who have co-operated with me to deliver on time a book, worthy in appearance, I trust, of its theme, bearing with the vagaries and shortcomings of an editor who always, at the last moment, found more things to be told, " wanting to deliver his manuscript to-morrow, and receive his book printed and bound yesterday."
JOHN P. PETERS.
ST. MICHAEL'S CHURCH, NEW YORK,
Michaelmas, 1907.
CONTENTS
PART I
THE STORY OF ST. MICHAEL'S PARISH AND NEIGHBORHOOD
CHAPTER I PAGES
Old Bloomingdale: Its appearance; How the Yellow Fever Caused the Building of Two Churches; The Foundation of St. Michael's; The First Trustees, Vestrymen, and Pewholders, and Something about them, their Homes, and their Times . 3-18
CHAPTER II
A Record of the Growth and Development of the Church and Neighborhood, with Reference to Happenings Political, Economical, and Social, to the Close of Rev. Dr. Jarvis's Rectorship, in 1820 19-44
CHAPTER III
Covers the First Rectorship of the Rev. William Richmond and the Rectorship of the Rev. James Cook Richmond, 1820-1842, Including also the History of St. Michael's Charity School . 45-78
CHAPTER IV
The Second Rectorship of Rev. William Richmond, 1842-1858, with Some Account of the Strange Wilderness which Be- came Central Park 79-107
CHAPTER V
Old Bloomingdale and its Passing : Being a Chapter of Interest to Antiquarians only . 108-127
vi
Contents
CHAPTER VI PAGES
Covers the Rectorship of Rev. Thomas McClure Peters, 1858-1893; and Tells the Story of the Second Church with a Sketch of the Manner in which Bloomingdale was Swallowed up in the Great City . 128-176
CHAPTER VII
The Third Church : Telling the Story of the Present Rectorate, with Some Account of the Decoration of the Church, the Building of the Parish House, and the Development of Sociological and Neighborhood Activities in the Parish; and Including the Famous Amsterdam Avenue Fight 177-224
PART II
LIVES OF THE RECTORS OF ST. MICHAEL'S CHURCH
CHAPTER VIII
First Rector, Rev. John Vanderbilt Bartow, 1808-1810 . 227-229
CHAPTER IX
Second Rector, Rev. Samuel Farmar Jarvis, 1810-1820 230-233
CHAPTER X
Third Rector, Rev. William Richmond, 1820-1837, 1842-
1858
234-256
CHAPTER XI
Fourth Rector, Rev. James Cook Richmond, 1837-1842 257-278
CHAPTER XII
Fifth Rector, Rev. Thomas McClure Peters, 1858-1893 .
279-361
CHAPTER XIII
Sixth Rector. Rev. John Punnett Peters, 1893 362-373
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Contents
PART III
CHURCHES AND INSTITUTIONS FOUNDED WHOLLY OR IN PART THROUGH ST. MICHAEL'S CHURCH
CHAPTER XIV PAGES
Churches: I. St. Mary's, Manhattanville. II. St. Ann's, Fort Washington. III. St. Matthew's, Yorkville. IV. St. Andrew's, Harlem. V. All Angels'. VI. St. Timothy's. VII. Bethlehem Chapel. VIII. Church of the Archangel. IX. Trinity Church. Portland, Oregon 377-409
CHAPTER XV
Institutions: I. The New York Protestant Episcopal City Mission Society. II. House of Mercy. III. St. Bar- nabas's House and Midnight Mission. IV. New York Infant Asylum. V. The Sheltering Arms. VI. Sisterhood of St. Mary. VII. Bloomingdale Clinic. VIII. Blooming- dale Day Nursery. IX. Bloomingdale Free Circulating Library. X. Neighborhood Social and Industrial Club. XI. Bloomingdale District Nurse Association 410-437
CHAPTER XVI
St. Michael's Cemetery: St. Michael's Churchyard; Old Burying Ground for Poor; New Burying Ground in Central Park; Cemetery in Astoria 438-459
APPENDICES
A. List of Original Pewholders . 463
B. List of Wardens of St. Michael's Church 463 ·
C. Vestrymen of St Michael's Church 464 .
D. Secretaries or Clerks of Vestry · 465
E. Treasurers · 466
F. Clergy of St. Michael's Parish · 466
G. Various Officials of St. Michael's Church . 467
H. Vital Statistics of the Parish
I. Delegates to the Diocesan Conventions Representing St. Michael's Parish · 470
468
INDEX
475
ILLUSTRATIONS
PAGE
"THERE WAS WAR IN HEAVEN." CHANCEL WINDOWS OF ST. MICHAEL'S . Frontispiece THE RT. REV. BENJAMIN MOORE, S. T. D., CON- SECRATOR OF FIRST ST. MICHAEL'S CHURCH 6
FIVE ORIGINAL PEWHOLDERS OF ST. MICHAEL'S CHURCH: FREDERICK DEPEYSTER, PETER SCHER- MERHORN, JACOB SCHIEFFELIN, BARON JOHN CORNELIUS VANDENHEUVEL, OLIVER H. HICKS . I2
THE FIRST CHURCH, CONSECRATED JULY 27, 1807 . 20
TWO CLERKS OF THE VESTRY: I. FREDERICK DE- PEYSTER, JR., 1825-1839; 2. DR. A. V. WILLIAMS 1841-1862 . 80
RT. REV. HORATIO POTTER, D.D., D.C.L., CONSE- CRATOR OF SECOND CHURCH NOV. 25, 1854 · IO2
THE WEYMAN PLACE: I. FRONT VIEW OF HOUSE; 2. VIEW OF RIVER FROM HOUSE . 108 .
TWO OLD MANSIONS. I. ELMWOOD, THE APTHORPE AND JAUNCEY HOMESTEAD; 2. BURNHAM HOTEL, FORMERLY BARON VANDENHEUVEL'S COUNTRY HOME . II2
FREDERICK DEPEYSTER HOUSE.
ON SITE OF PRES-
ENT ST. LUKE'S HOSPITAL
II6
·
THE SECOND CHURCH, ABOUT 1860
I28
.
ix
X
Illustrations
PAGE
PERIOD OF TRANSITION: CUTTING THROUGH OF 94TH STREET, SHOWING OLD BARN AND HOUSE ON MOTT LANE . · I44
THE SECOND CHURCH, AFTER THE CLOSING OF BLOOM- INGDALE ROAD AND THE OPENING OF TENTH AVE- NUE, ABOUT 1880 . ·
148
INTERIOR OF SECOND CHURCH, ABOUT 1880 · 152
TWO TREASURERS OF ST. MICHAEL'S: I. JAMES FER- GUSON DEPEYSTER, 1818-1874; 2. WILLIAM RICHMOND PETERS, 1874- · I56
BUILDING OF THIRD CHURCH. LYCEUM HALL TO LEFT; SECOND CHURCH BEHIND I62
RT. REV. H. C. POTTER, D.D., D.C.L., CONSECRATOR OF THIRD CHURCH . I68
THE THIRD CHURCH, CONSECRATED DEC. 15, 1891
·
I76
INTERIOR OF THIRD CHURCH, LOOKING TOWARD CHANCEL
182
INTERIOR OF THIRD CHURCH: I. CHAPEL OF THE ANGELS; 2. VIEW FROM CHANCEL . I84
THE MEMORIAL PARISH HOUSE. CONSECRATED ALL
SAINTS DAY, 1902 . I88
PARISH HOUSE WORK: I. GIRLS' FRIENDLY SOCIETY ;
2. GYMNASIUM CLASS 192
ST. MICHAEL'S CHOIR
·
222
ST. CECILIA GUILD, SUNDAY SCHOOL AND SPECIAL
CHOIR .
.
224
REV. JOHN VANDERBILT BARTOW, FIRST RECTOR,
1808-1810
226
xi
Illustrations
PAGE
REV. SAMUEL FARMAR JARVIS, D.D., SECOND RECTOR,
1810-1820 · 230
REV. WILLIAM RICHMOND, THIRD RECTOR, 1820-1837, 1842-1858 · 234
GARRIT VAN HORNE HOUSE, MR. RICHMOND'S "REC-
TORY." I. REAR VIEW. 2. FRONT VIEW OF SAME AFTER OPENING OF BOULEVARD AND 94TH STREET 244 ·
REV. JAMES COOK RICHMOND, FOURTH RECTOR, 1837- 1842
· 258
REV. THOMAS MCCLURE PETERS, S.T.D., FIFTH · 278
RECTOR, 1858-1893
HOUSE FORMERLY OCCUPIED BY DR. A. V. WILLIAMS, IN PERIOD OF TRANSITION, AFTER CUTTING THROUGH OF 95TH STREET · 322
REV. JOHN PUNNETT PETERS, D.D., SIXTH RECTOR, 1893- .
· 362
LOOKING NORTH FROM BLOOMINGDALE HEIGHTS: IN FOREGROUND, BLOCK HOUSE OF 1812 WAR; IN DISTANCE, CLAREMONT . 374
I. ST. JAMES'S CHURCH, HAMILTON SQUARE. 2. ST. TIMOTHY'S PARISH, HALF A CENTURY SINCE. LOOKING SOUTH FROM COLUMBUS CIRCLE . ·
400
THE RECTORY OF DR. T. M. PETERS. HOUSE IN WHICH The SHELTERING ARMS WAS FOUNDED . 418
THE PRESENT RECTORY. HOUSE IN WHICH BLOOM- INGDALE NURSERY WAS FOUNDED · 426
PART I THE STORY OF ST. MICHAEL'S PARISH AND NEIGHBORHOOD
I
CHAPTER I
Old Bloomingdale: Its Appearance; How the Yellow Fever Caused the Building of Two Churches; The Foundation of St. Mi- chael's; The First Trustees, Vestrymen, and Pewholders, and Something about them, their Homes, and their Times.
N Holland, near Haarlaem, lies the beautiful little town of Bloemendael, always famous for its flowers. When the Dutch settled Manhattan Island they brought with them the names of their old home towns. New Amsterdam was the first settlement, at the lower extremity of the island, and then Haarlaem on the great plain in the northeastern part of Manhattan. In those days the shore line along the Hudson, or North River, was the most beautiful part of the island. The river bank rose in a bluff, at some places quite abruptly, at others sloping more gently, broken at irregular inter- vals by dales, through some of which streams ran down to the river, forming small bays. The shore of the river and the plateau above were originally heavily wooded, while the dales or valleys of the streams formed veri- table jungles, rich in flowers and vines. No wonder that, mindful of the beautiful flower town so near Haarlaem, the early settlers of Manhattan gave to this stretch of land along the Hudson River from Manhattanville southward the name of Bloomingdale. Irving, describ- ing this region as it existed toward the middle of the
3
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Annals of St. Michael's
first half of the nineteenth century, gives a charming picture of one of these beautiful dales, but which, it is now impossible to determine, for there were several strikingly similar in their physical characteristics. So far as the description goes, it might have been Striker's Bay valley, the last of these dales to preserve its identity, as it existed in my childhood. Here, a bay of some extent set in from the river, and down the wooded valley behind coursed a charming stream, which had its origin in a pond and springs in the neighbor- hood of 104th Street, thence following in general the line of Broadway to 96th Street, where it turned down to the river. Even in my early manhood this valley was a natural wild-flower garden, and I remember no region where, in my botanical excursions, I used to find more varieties of wild flowers than here. There was still at that time another lesser bay about 89th Street, and a dale at 86th Street. Earlier other such dales existed all along the shore of the river, which grew lower the further one went southward.
The name Bloomingdale in the earlier time applied to the whole district from 34th Street or a little below, northward to the top of the great hill at about 120th Street. Beyond this a deep depression cut the high- land in two, while a more considerable bay, called Harlem Cove, set in from the river. In the early part of the nineteenth century an attempt was made, by carrying a canal through this natural depression, to connect the East and North rivers, and sections of this canal still existed toward the middle of the century, in one of which a boy was drowned. Beyond Manhattan- ville were highlands similar to those below, only narrower and more rugged.
There was no village or settlement of Bloomingdale,
5
Bloomingdale Road
the name applying originally merely to the district. At the beginning of the nineteenth century this region was occupied by the summer homes of well-to-do New Yorkers. The only means of communication with the city was the old Bloomingdale Road, which followed in general the present line of Broadway. Originally this road extended to 114th Street, where stood the house of Nicholas DePeyster, but toward the close of the eighteenth century it was continued onward down the great Manhattanville hill into the valley and up again for about a mile, until it formed a junction with the old Albany or Kingsbridge Road. During the War of 1812, as a defence against the British, a breastwork was thrown up along the edge of the high land above the Harlem plain and the Manhattanville valley, from river to river, while across the Bloomingdale Road, at the top of Manhattanville hill, a strong gate was erected which remained in position until the year 1824. From Bloomingdale Road private lanes, bearing the names of adjacent property owners, ran off right and left, giving access to the various country seats. Here and there one of these lanes found its way down to the river; or meandered across to the Post Road on the eastern edge of what is now Central Park. Many of these lanes still existed within my recollection. DePeyster, after- wards Asylum Lane, leaving Bloomingdale Road at 112th Street, ended at the bluff at 113th Street, above the Harlem plain; Goodever's, afterwards Clendening Lane, starting at about 103d Street, slanted up to the high land at 105th Street and 8th Avenue, then zigzagged down to Harlem plain and the eastern Post Road below McGowan's Pass; Apthorpe's, afterwards Jauncey's Lane, at 92d Street, formed a medium of communication between
6
Annals of St. Michael's
Bloomingdale and southern Harlem; while Harsen Road, at 7Ist Street, led over to Hamilton Square and Yorkville. Among the more important lanes to the west of Bloomingdale Road were Kemble's, afterwards Abbey Lane at 102d Street; Striker's Bay Lane at 96th Street and Mott's Lane just below 94th Street, both of which debouched finally at the river near 95th Street; and the Livingston or Waldo Lane at about 9Ist Street. All of these were narrow country lanes, generally lined with trees. Altogether Bloomingdale was, even in my boyhood, when most of the old country places were already deserted or destroyed, a very rural and a very beautiful region. It must have been an earthly paradise in the still older time when it was a neighborhood of comfortable country houses, with their accompanying farms and gardens.
Up to the year 1805 there were no churches between St. Mark's in the Bowery and St. John's, Yonkers. It was the prevalence of yellow fever to which may be ascribed primarily the provision for the spiritual needs of the population of the intervening territory. In the last years of the eighteenth and the first years of the nineteenth centuries, New York was repeatedly visited by epidemics of yellow fever. There are records of such epidemics in 1791, '94, '95, '97, '98, '99, 1801, '03, and '05, and the mortality in proportion to the population was enormous. Business was seriously interfered with. All who could fled the city, at least during the summer months, the period of prevalence of the disease, and sought suburban homes. Men were even fearful of congregating for the prosecution of business. The banks were removed to Greenwich and their sojourn there is commemorated in the name Bank Street. Villages like Greenwich grew rapidly at the expense of the city
THE RT. REV. BENJAMIN MOORE, S.T.D. Consecrator of First St. Michael's Church, Bishop of New York, 1801-1816 From a History of the Parish of Trinity Church by Rev. Dr. Morgan Dix. By permission of Trinity Corporation
7
Organizing a Church
proper. The Dutch Reformed Church, which was still at that period the leading denomination in the city, was the first to endeavor to meet the new situation, establishing a church in Greenwich village in 1803. Two years later steps were taken to provide a church for the more scattered population farther northward, the result of which was the formation and incorporation of the Bloomingdale Reformed Church in 1806, origi- nally located at 69th Street and Broadway, but now, after several removals, occupying a site on Blooming- dale Square, 107th Street and Broadway. At about the same time a number of gentlemen living somewhat farther northward organized for the purpose of erecting an Episcopal church. Money was collected, and, in 1806, Trinity, where most of the organizers of the proposed church were regular worshippers, promised $2000 if, and when, a church building should be erected. Three trustees were appointed to hold the property until a church should be built: Robert T. Kemble, William Rodgers, and William Jauncey. A plot of land 150 feet by 75 just north of 99th Street, and east of the Bloom- ingdale Road, beautifully situated above the valley of the little stream which emptied into Striker's Bay, was deeded to these trustees by a prominent merchant of New York, Oliver H. Hicks and Julia his wife, in con- sideration of $150, paid for the same, on condition that the property should be used for the erection of a church ; and here they proceeded to erect the first church edifice. This was completed the following year, and consecrated July 27, 1807. It would be interesting to know just why this church was named St. Michael's; but of that there is no record. Doubtless it represented some early associations of some of the founders, but what, or of whom, we do not know.
8
Annals of St. Michael's
The first entry in the minute-book of the Vestry con- tains the record of the consecration, as follows :
I Benjamin Moore by divine permission Bishop of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the State of New York, do hereby declare that the House, by the name of St. Michael's Church, is consecrated to the service of Almighty God, for the administration of the Sacraments, and other rites and ceremonies, according to the use of the Protestant Episco- pal Church in the United States of America.
In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand and seal this 27th day of July in the year of our Lord one thou- sand eight hundred and seven, and in the Sixth year of my Consecration.
BENJAMIN MOORE, Bishop of the P. E. Church, in the State of New York.
The next entry records the meeting for incorporation held August 17, 1807 :
IN THE NAME OF GOD, AMEN. We the Subscribers do Certify, that a meeting of the male persons of full age, in communion with the Protestant Episcopal Church in the State of New York, who belong to the Church or Congregation of St. Michael's
Which said Church is situate at a place called Blooming- dale in the Ninth Ward of the City of New York, in the County of New York, for the purpose of Incorporating themselves, under the act entitled an Act to provide for the Incorporation of religious societies, was holden in the said Church on this seventeenth day of August, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and seven, pur- suant to a legal notice for that purpose given. And we further certify that at the said meeting Garrit Van Horne (there being no Rector) was called to the Chair and pre- sided. And thereupon the said meeting did by a majority of voices duly elect Robert T. Kemble and William Rodgers
9
The Incorporation
to be Church Wardens, and Valentine Nutter, Edward Dunscomb, Michael Hogan, William A. Davis, Oliver H. Hicks, Jacob Schieffelin, Thomas Cadle and Isaac Jones to be Vestrymen of the said Church or Congregation. And the said meeting did then and there determine, that on Wednesday in Easter week the said offices of Church Wardens and Vestrymen shall annually cease, and their successors in office be chosen. And we do further certify that the said Church or Congregation is to be known in law by the name and title of St. Michael's Protestant Episcopal Church.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF we have hereunto affixed our hands and seals the day and year first above written.
Witness
JAMES P. VAN HORNE, GARRIT VAN HORNE, Chairman.
ROBERT G. L. DE PEYSTER, DAVID M. CLARKSON,
JOHN C. CLARKSON. FREDK. DE PEYSTER.
As an incorporation, therefore, the birthday of this church was August 17, 1807. The first church was consecrated, however, on the 27th of July of that year, the corner-stone was laid in 1806, and the incep- tion of the undertaking dates from 1805. The Corpora- tion of St. Michael's Church, consisting of the wardens and vestrymen, held its first meeting on the 20th of August, three days after the incorporation, when there were present the two wardens, Robert T. Kemble and William Rodgers, and six of the vestrymen, Edward Dunscomb, Thomas Cadle, Valentine Nutter, Michael Hogan, Isaac Jones, and William A. Davis. Robert T. Kemble was chosen chairman of the meeting and also made first treasurer of the church. William A. Davis was the first secretary. The business of the first meet- ing was to elect a rector, and the Rev. John Henry Hobart, at that time an assistant at Trinity Church,
IO
Annals of St. Michael's
later rector of that church and Bishop of New York, was appointed rector of St. Michael's Church. He was at that period the coming man, and St. Michael's was one of a number of churches which elected him as its rector, only to have the call declined. At the same meeting it was resolved to sell the pews "on Thursday next, the 27th inst., at four o'clock, for three years, subject to an annual rent of $5 per pew, except num- bers I and 53, which are rated at $10 per annum." This was not a low rental for those days, pews in St. Paul's and elsewhere renting at the same figure. Pews I and 53 seem to have been the two large double pews on either side of what served as the chancel. At this meeting the trustees of the property, Robert T. Kemble, William Rodgers, and William Jauncey were requested to convey the property held in trust by them to the cor- poration of St. Michael's Church; the secretary was directed to procure an appropriate seal for the use of the corporation; and the chairman was authorized to call meetings of the wardens and vestrymen "whenever in his opinion the occasion shall require." The sale of pews took place as directed on the 27th of August of the same year, and the list of the first pewholders, with the prices paid by them, is recorded in the minutes. 1 Oliver H. Hicks and John Jackson secured the double pews, I and 53, at a rental of $10. The other pews, instead of renting at $5 each, or $15 for the period of three years, as expected, fetched prices varying from $8 for three years, paid by Dr. Hammersley for pew 2, to $25 for the three years paid by Peter Schermer- horn for pew 47. All told, the amount realized from the sale of pews for three years amounted to $577, or a little less than $200 a year.
1 See Appendix A.
II
Hamilton and Schieffelin
The first pewholders were summer residents of Bloomingdale and adjacent sections, occupying their houses from May to November and attending during the winter Trinity or one of its chapels. A perusal of the list shows that among them were the most promi- nent citizens of New York; while some of the names on the list remind us that the period of the Revolution was not yet remote. Pew 3 was bought by Mrs. Hamilton, the widow of the famous statesman. She lived at about 142d Street and what is now Convent Avenue. All the land thereabout, from above 144th Street to and including the Manhattanville valley, and from St. Nicholas Avenue westward to the North River, originally belonged to Mr. Jacob Schieffelin and his brothers-in-law, Lawrence and Buckley. A considerable piece of this land Mr. Schieffelin sold to his dear friend, Alexander Hamilton, that he might have him for a neighbor, and on this land General Hamilton built a residence known as Hamilton Grange. Mr. Schieffelin's own country seat stood on what was until recently the site of the Colored Orphan Asylum, about 144th Street and Broadway, and was known as Roccoa Hall. During the Revolution Mr. Schieffelin, of German origin but a Philadelphian by birth, had been a Royalist, serving on the staff of the British General, Henry Hamilton. After the war, like so many other Royalists, he emigrated to Canada, engaging in business in Montreal. Later, having mar- ried a young Quaker lady from New York, he removed to this city and in conjunction with his brother-in-law, John B. Lawrence, established in 1794 the drug firm of Lawrence & Schieffelin, which, after 113 years, still continues to exist as W. H. Schieffelin & Co.
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