USA > New York > Disaster, struggle, triumph. The adventures of 1000 "boys in blue," from August, 1862, to June, 1865 > Part 1
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REYNOLDS HISTORICAL GENEALOGY COLLECTION
ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY 3 1833 00824 2163
Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2012
http://archive.org/details/disasterstruggle00will
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MARCA SHERRILL: COL. 126. N.Y.Vol. COMMANDING 3º BRIG. 3" DIV. 2ºCORPS.
Von hed by. no F Bachelia
5
.
Disaster. trugle; Triumph.
THE ADVENTURES
OF
1000 "BOYS IN BLUE,"
FROM
August, 1862, to June,=1865.
FORT SAYNE LE
BY MRS. ARABELLA M. WILLSON, AUTHOR OF "LIVES OF THE MRS. JUDSONST ETC., ETC.
Dedicated to the 126th Regiment of New York State Volunteers,
WITH AN APPENDIX, CONTAINING A CHRONOLOGICAL RECORD OF THE PRINCIPAL EVENTS IN THE HISTORY OF THE REGIMENT, AND THE PERSONAL HISTORY OF ITS OFFICERS AND ENLISTED MEN.
PREPARED BY THE HISTORICAL COMMITTEE OF THE REGIMENT.
ALBANY : THE ARGUS COMPANY, PRINTERS. 1870.
Entered, according to act of Congress, in the year 1870. by
C. A. RICHARDSON, 0 11 LHE STUFIG FIOS ISA
In the Clerk's office of the District Court of the United States for the Northern District of the State of New York.
1740450
NOTICE.
-
HO reads a preface ? Very few, doubtless ; and, therefore, we will not write one. And yet we have a prefatory word for the reader, to which we invite special attention.
While this book and the appendix give the experi- ence of a single regiment, it has been the aim of the. writer of the former, to include so much of the gene- ral history of the time as to make it instructive and entertaining to the general reader. With the same view, details of camp life and descriptions of army adventure are introduced. Young people, young ladies especially, are apt to have very crude ideas of what war is, and how it is carried on. We have endeavored in this work to give some insight into such matters ; and we are even presumptuous enough to hope that its perusal may excite sufficient interest in the subject of which it treats, to lead some who have hitherto neglected it, to study the whole history of the most stupendous rebellion this world has ever witnessed.
CANANDAIGUA, 1869.
٦
J NTRODUCTION.
" Good name, in man or woman, Is the immediate jewel of their souls." * * *
"He who filches from me my good name, Robs me of that which not enriches him, But makes me poor indeed."
HE checkered, eventful and stormy four years of the great conflict between loyalty and rebellion on this continent, from 1861 to 1865, are passing into history. Soon, their record will be incorporated, with more or less fullness of detail, into our school books, along with that of the wars of the Revolution and of 1812, and be studied by youth who will regard them as alike things of the past. That such records may be true, true not only in the facts stated but in the reputation they affix to individuals, it becomes us who have lived through this stormy period, to whom its sad events have been all too real, to gather up such valuable information as is scattered in the private correspondence and diaries of soldiers, and publish it in some form less perishable than the columns of newspapers. Memo- rial volumes thus prepared, besides greatly interesting the survivors of the conflict, and also serving as fitting and lasting tributes to the unforgotten dead, will thus furnish valuable material for the future historian. It
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INTRODUCTION.
is well to rear memorial columns, inscribed with the names of those young patriots who poured forth their generous life-blood in defense of that beloved flag which to them was the symbol of light, liberty and law ; and it is well also to perpetuate, by the written page, the worthy and heroic deeds of those who sur- vived the long struggle; who, through disaster and success, through partial defeat and final triumph, suffered, bled and triumphed for us.
And not alone as a tribute to our soldiers, dead and living, should such records be made. Perhaps those of us who were not called upon for any sacrifice in our country's cause, are in danger of forgetting our debt to her brave defenders. Their scars and maims and other disfigurements of war, which, with our pre- sent vivid recollections of the battles in which they were gained, are, in our eyes, honorable and even glo- rious, are, after all, sad companions for a lifetime. A hand, a foot or an eye, is, next to a life, the most precious sacrifice which can be laid on any altar. To lose in life's very morning one of these inestimable possessions, to go through life deprived of the cunning of the right hand or the exceeding service of the foot or the eye, is, no doubt, a great calamity. To recon- cile one to such loss, he needs not only the conscious- ness of having suffered in a good cause, but the consolation of having his scars esteemed by others as badges of distinction. For this reason, it is well to keep alive the memory of the deeds of our soldiers, that in their privations they may feel the support of our more abundant honor.
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INTRODUCTION.
But when a man or a body of men has, from any cause, received an unmerited reproach ; when malice or carelessness has cast a blot on reputation which influences present opinion and will continue an inefface- able stigma, there is the strongest motive for writing a plain, "unvarnished tale," which may take away the reproach from the memory of the dead, and restore to the living that which is the very light of life, the "immediate jewel of the soul," GOOD NAME.
To do this tardy justice to the brave 126th Regiment New York Volunteers, to develop the true nature of the circumstances which tarnished their fame in the outset of their career, and to trace their subsequent history, is the principal object of this volume.
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER I.
President Lincoln's Call for Troops in July, 1862- Response in New York State- War Committee of Twenty-sixth Senatorial District - Recruiting of the One Hundred and Twenty-sixth Regiment-Colonel Sherrill and other Officers of the Regiment - Gift from H. B. Gibson - Camp Swift - Letters front Dr. Hoyt-Harper's Ferry - Description of it and its Sur- roundings-Its Importance- John Brown's Raid - Burning of Harper's Ferry, in 1861, to save it from the Rebels-The Regiment reaches it- Camp Prouty.
CHAPTER II.
Effect of First Bull Run Disaster on the Public- Army of the Potomac- Geo. B. McClellan - President Lincoln's Order for the Advance of the Army-Glance at the Victories in the West and the South -Lincoln's Plan of Operations in Virginia- McClellan Opposes it - Mcclellan's Plan Adopted - Yorktown - Rebel Trick - Chickahominy - Sickness of. the Soldiers-Thirty-eight Thousand Absent on Furlough - Recall of the Army - Delays-Pope Called to Command the Combined Armies - Glance at Pope's Campaign in Virginia - Second Bull Run Battle - Washington in Danger.
CHAPTER III.
The Whole Country aroused by the Tidings of this Disaster - Immense Supplies for the Sick and Wounded - Maryland and Pennsylvania in Danger - McClellan again takes Command- Lee Invades Maryland- His Disappointment There-The Army of the Potomac Pursues Him - Good Fortune of Mcclellan -Battle at Turner's and Crampton's Gaps - Our Army Victorious, but an Hour too Late.
CHAPTER IV.
Reflections on the Surrender of Harper's Ferry - Accusations against the One Hundred and Twenty-sixth New York Volunteers - Why this Nar- rative is Written - Sources of Information - One Hundred and Twenty- sixth Regiment at Harper's Ferry - Condition of Things There - Import- ance of Maryland Heights-Insufficient Defense - Colonel Miles.
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CONTENTS.
CHAPTER V.
Lee's Movements for the Capture of Harper's Ferry - One Hundred and Twenty-sixth Regiment Ordered to Maryland Heights - Spirited Action There-Fight at the Breastworks- Sherrill Wounded-Fight Con- tinued-Mysterious Order to Abandon the Heights - Order reluctantly Obeyed - Acting Adjutant Barras' Conduct and False Accusations of the One Hundred and Twenty-sixth - Statements of Officers and Enlisted Men - Officers' Protest -- Major Hewitt -Remarks on the Surrender of the Heights.
CHAPTER VI.
Harper's Ferry- Troops Concentrated there- The Enemy makes Vigor- ous Preparations -Enemy's Guns Planted in every Available Position, and all pointed Toward Harper's Ferry - Union Cavalry Cut Their Way Out, and Escape- Deplorable Condition of the Infantry - The Enemy pour Shot and Shell into the Devoted Garrison - Surrender Inevitable - Conduct of Colonel Miles - He is Fatally Wounded-Twelve Thousand Men Surrendered- Stonewall Jackson - Condition of Rebel Soldiers - Their Mistaken Ideas - Slave Hunters - Destruction of Harper's Ferry by Rebels - Colonel Miles' Conduct -His Death -New York Times' Correspondent -Letter from Lieutenant Seamans.
CHAPTER VII.
March of the Paroled Prisoners to Annapolis - Stay at Annapolis- Colonel Bull Joins the Regiment - Passage to Baltimore- Take Cars to Chicago - Glorious Record for Pittsburg- Journey - Arrival at Camp Douglas - Condition of Camp.
CHAPTER VIII.
Further Account of Camp Douglas- Soldiers Unwilling to Drill until informed of the Terms of their Parole- Sickness Consequent on Enforced Idleness-Terms of Parole Published - The Men Feel more like Soldiers again-Letter From Lieutenant Lincoln-Charges Against Our Soldiers' Conduct at Camp Douglas Refuted - Incendiarism.
CHAPTER IX.
Exchange of Paroled Prisoners- Joy in Camp-Journey Back to Washing- ton - Pittsburg Again - Baltimore - Washington - Arlington Heights - Regiment Ordered to Union Mills, on Bull Run, to Guard the Outer Deferses of Washington -Sufferings and Sickness.
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CONTENTS.
CHAPTER X.
Description of Union Mills-Exploit of Colonel D'Utassy - Routine of Soldiers' Life-Cleanliness and Order of Camp- Stewart's Raid - Cap- ture of General Stoughton - Confidence in the One Hundred and Twenty- sixth Regiment - Centreville - Splendid Situation - Letter from Dr. Hoyt - Beauty of the Camp - Refugees from Rebeldom.
CHAPTER XI.
Glance at Military Operations in Virginia - Burnside - Hooker -Chancel- lorsville- Lee's Designs -Pennsylvania Threatened - Martinsburg, Ber- ryville and Winchester Fall into the Hands of the Enemy- Supineness of Pennsylvania Farmers- They are Aroused by the Presence of the Enemy among them- General Hooker in Command of Our Forces - Divisions of the Army - By Whom Commanded - Hooker Resigns Com- mand-Meade Succeeds Him- Extracts from Letters of Officers and Soldiers describing the March Northward of the Grand Army of the Potomac-Hays' Brigade, Including the One Hundred and Twenty-sixth, N. Y., join Hancock's Corps -Forced Marching - Arrival of the Regi- ment at Gettysburg on the 2d July, 1863-Further Account of the March to Gettysburg.
CHAPTER XII.
Gettysburg - Preliminary Movements - Glance at First Day's Battle - Disaster - Arrival of Hancock - Skillful Arrangement of Our Troops on Cemetery Ridge for the Second Day's Battle- Night Before the Battle - Forenoon of the Second Day-Sickles Advances His Corps Beyond the Prescribed Defensive Line-Furious Attack of the Enemy on Sickles' (Third) Corps-Other Corps Called to Assist the Third - Terrible Strug- gle for Little Round Top-The Third Brigade, including the One Hun- dred and Twenty-sixth Regiment, Called into Action - The Valley of Death -" Remember Harper's Ferry" - Fierce Struggle at Culp's Hill.
CHAPTER XIII.
Council of War-Letters from Officers (Recapitulatory) - Culp's Hill - Skirmishing-Death of Shimer, Wheeler and Herendeen-Third Day's Fight at Gettysburg - Preliminary Artillery Duel - General Meade's Head-quarters -Extract from a Lecture on Gettysburg- Grand Charge of the Rebels - Death of Colonel Sherrill - Extract From Hancock's Testimony -Extracts from Letters.
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CONTENTS.
CHAPTER XIV.
The Sanitary Commission - Letter from J. H. Douglass, its Secretary, to Frederick Law Olmstead - Unrequited Toil of Surgeons and Nurses - Vast Supplies of Comforts to be Distributed-Chaplain Harrison's Letter - Treatment of Our Prisoners by the Rebels.
CHAPTER XV.
Intentions of Meade after Three Day's Fighting at Gettysburg - Why Foiled - Retreat of Lee Commmenced Noiselessly - Skirmishing on the 4th of July-Pursuit of the Rebel Army Commenced-Censures on General Meade-Defense- Excessive Disappointment at Lee's Escape across the River- Army of Critics.
CHAPTER XVI.
Expected Attack at Manassas Gap-Disappointment - The Regiment at Elk Run - Letter of Lieutenant Lincoln - Great Fatigue of Our Soldiers - Reduced Condition of the Regiment - Ordered to Falmouth to Sup- port Cavalry - March to Culpepper Court House- We Take Possession of Culpepper-Camp on Robertson's River- Whole Brigade out on Picket - Reduction of Meade's Forces-Lee's Designs on Washington - Parallel Movements of Both Armies Toward Washington - Battle at Auburn Ford-General Warren's Critical Situation - Battle of Bristow Station - Signal Victory -Colonel Bull's Modest Report-Compliment- ary Orders-Our Army Proceeds to Centreville-Lee Destroys the Orange and Alexandria Railroad - Rebuilding of it by our Forces.
CHAPTER XVII.
Advance of Our Army-Crossing the Rappahannock - Gallant Actions at Kelly's Ford and Rappahannock Station - Letter from Dr. Peltier - The Army's Advance Toward Mine Run-News of the Glorious Successes at the West read to the Army - A Race with the Enemy for the Position at Robertson's Tavern- We Win it-Delay - Causes of the Delay - Fortifications at Mine Run - Attack Reluctantly Abandoned - Chagrin of Our Troops -Their Return to Camp - Winter Quarters - Captain Bassett's Description - Order from the War Department to Recruit the Second Corps to Fifty Thousand Men to be Employed on Special Service- The One Hundred and Twenty-sixth Regiment Appreciate this Compli- ment to their Corps- Efforts to Recruit the Regiment-Social Life in Camp in the Winter of 1863-4.
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CONTENTS.
CHAPTER XVIII.
Reconnoissance at Morton's Ford - Report of General Joshua T. Owen - Extracts from a Private Letter - Colonel Bull's Report-Complimentary Orders-Grand Review of the Whole Corps - Consolidation of Army Corps-The One Hundred and Twenty-sixth Regiment with the Third Brigade- Transferred from the Third Division to the First Division of the Second Corps - General Grant Appointed to the Command of All the Armies-Farewell Addresses of General Hays and General Owen to Their Commands.
CHAPTER XIX.
Condition of the One Hundred and Twenty-sixth Regiment - Provost Guard Selected from this Regiment-Tremendous Gale-Operations in the Spring of 1864- Grand, yet Simple Plans of General Grant - His Head- quarters with the Army of the Potomac- Disposition of Forces - Army of the Potomac Breaks up Winter Quarters and Crosses the Rapidan - Battle of the Wilderness-Po River - Spottsylvania- Grant's Dispatch to Washington- Gallant Charge of the Second Corps, and Capture of Johnson's Division, May 12th -Letter from Adjutant Lincoln - Meade's Complimentary Order - Comparison of Grant and Lee-Extracts from Diaries.
CHAPTER XX.
Grant's Plans - North Anna -Tolopotomoy -Cold Harbor -Flag of Truce to Remove the Wounded and Bury the Dead- Life in the Rifle- pits- General Grant Changes his Tactics- Butler Directed to Capture Petersburg- Sad Error at Petersburg-Second Corps at Petersburg- Charge of the Corps, June 16th - Colonel Baird Killed - Description of Petersburg - Statement of Losses of the One Hundred and Twenty-sixth during the Spring Campaign.
CHAPTER XXI.
Last Act of the Great Drama Opened - Recapitulatory - Grant - Meade - Glance at Sherman's "Smashing" March to the Sea - Sheridan -- Con- tinuous Fighting Before Petersburg- Attempt on South-side Railroad - Deep Bottom - Pause in Operations -Mine Explosion - Partly Success- ful, but Ended in Failure - Last Attempt of the Rebels to Invade Penn- sylvania- Chambersburg Burnt- Phil. Sheridan's Success - He is made Major-General, U. S. A .- Ruse to Divert the Enemy's Attention - Ream's Station - Capture of Our Cattle-Letter from Captain Geddis - Addi- tional Account of the Provost Guard-Letter from Dr. Hoyt - Greeley's Compliment to Grant.
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CONTENTS.
CHAPTER XXII.
Pushing the Enemy Toward his Capital - Action at Hatcher's Run - Glance at the Capture of Fort Fisher -at General Butler's Canal at Dutch Gap- at General Sherman's Triumphant March Northward - at Thomas' and Sheridan's Operations -" The Circle of Fire is being Drawn around the Scorpion Secession " - Operations at Petersburg - Union Line extended Westward to Hatcher's Run-General Lee almost Shut up between the Armies of the Potomac and James-How to Prevent his Escape- Delicate Tact of General Grant - The Army of the Potomac to have its Reward -Interesting Meeting of General Officers and the Presi- dent- Fort Steadman -Extract from Journal of A. S. Andrews-One Hundred and Twenty-sixth Regiment Ordered to March -Five Forks - General Sheridan's Account of the Action-The Enemy in Flight- Our Army in Pursuit-The Battle of Sutherland's Station - Gallant Conduct of Herman Fox, Brigade Flag-bearer - Extract from an Officer's Account of the Night of April 1st -Pursuit of the Enemy Continued - General Grant's Correspondence with Lee, entreating him to spare further Bloodshed by Surrender -Final Surrender of General Lee-Closing Ope- rations.
CHAPTER XXIII.
General Rejoicings - Terrible Revulsion - Assassination of our Beloved President - Concluding Remarks.
APPENDIX.
Chronological History - List of Battles -History of the Regimental Colors - Biographical Sketch of Brigadier-General Alexander Hays - Personal History of the Officers and Enlisted Men of the One Hundred and Twenty- sixth New York Volunteers- Register of Officers of the Thirty-ninth New York Volunteers-Register of Officers of the One Hundred and Eleventh New York Volunteers - Register of Officers of the One Hund- red and Twenty-fifth New York Volunteers.
HAPTER PTE
HE first of July, 1862, was a dark period in the history of the great struggle between loyalty and rebellion, at least as far as Virginia was concern- ed. Circumstances had hitherto seemed greater than the men who had to deal with them. Still, amid all her reverses, arising from ignorance and inexperience, the nation "bated not one jot of heart or hope," as was shown by the address signed by seventeen loyal Governors of States, recommending to the President to fill up all military organizations now in the field reduced by the unavoidable casualties of the service, and create new regiments for the defense of positions gained, by calling on each State for its quota of a body of men sufficient for such purposes, so that the rebellion might be "speedily crushed !" The address ended with the following sentence, which, alas, was not prophetic : "All believe that the decisive moment is now at hand ; and to that end the people of the United States are desirous to aid promptly in furnish- ing all reinforcements that you may deem needful to sustain the government."
To this the President replied :
" GENTLEMEN-Fully concurring in the wisdom of the views expressed to me in so patriotic a manner by you in the communi-
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THE ADVENTURES OF
cation of the 28th June, I have decided to call into the service an additional force of 300,000 men. I suggest and recommend that the troops should be chiefly of infantry. I trust they may be enrolled without delay, so as to bring this unnecessary and inju- rious civil war to a speedy and satisfactory conclusion.
" (Signed)
A. LINCOLN."
Three hundred thousand more brave young hearts and stalwart forms to take the places of those whose bones were bleaching on scores of battle fields, or whose living skeletons were languishing in the slaugh- ter-pens called Rebel prisons! But great as was the sacrifice called for, it was cheerfully made in the ser- vice of our COUNTRY.
On the 2d of July, as soon as the telegraph flashed the President's proclamation to the different States, the Governor of New York issued his proclamation, appealing to State pride; announcing that as soon as the quotas for each State should be issued from the War Department at Washington, the State would be divided into regimental districts, conforming to the senatorial districts, and that war committees must be appointed and camps organized in each of them, to aid in forming volunteer regiments. The twenty-sixth senatorial district war committee having charge of the recruiting in the district selected Camp Swift, at Geneva, as the rendezvous of the regiment, and Hon. C. J. FOL- GER as the commandant of the post. He declining, and also D. A. OGDEN, Esq., ELIAKIM SHERRILL, Esq., who had had considerable experience as a militia officer, was elected, and after the organization of the regiment was commissioned as its Colonel. Large and enthusiastic war
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ONE THOUSAND BOYS IN BLUE.
meetings were held in the various towns of the district, where the most distinguished speakers among us exerted all their eloquence to induce immediate enlistment. Men eagerly enlisted, only stipulating that their families should be cared for. JAMES M. BULL, an active and energetic member of the war committee, was appointed Lieutenant-Colonel. At his country's call he left a good law practice, but being engaged in settling up his affairs, did not reach his Regiment until after its surrender at Harper's Ferry. . CHARLES A. RICH- ARDSON, also a lawyer, entered the service as Lieu- tenant. Of him it was said in the papers at the time, "industrious, of the strictest moral habits, ener- getic and resolute, his friends may look for him to make his mark." He was First Lieutenant in Com- pany D, of which the Captain was PHILO D. PHIL- LIPS, who "early enlisted in the service, was soon promoted to the rank of Captain, was wounded at Bull Run, and afterward discharged from the ser- vice for disability, but took this opportunity to enter the army again. CHAS. WHEELER, a recent gradu- ate from college, a young man of high character, religious and moral, recruited a Company (K) and went as its Captain. S. F. LINCOLN, of Naples, N. Y., a young law student of great promise, was Second Lieutenant in Capt. PHILLIPS' Company. Capt. O. J. HERENDEEN raised a Company (H) with great . promptness. WINFIELD SCOTT, a preacher in Syracuse, was Captain of Company C, and a brave one too. But we must refer the reader to the Appen-
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THE ADVENTURES OF
dix of this work for a complete list of the young men who, under authorizations from the Governor, raised. companies for the 126th Regiment, and were commis- sioned Captains and Lieutenants of the same; and also of the men who enlisted under them. It was a. Regiment to be proud of, comprising many men of principle and of thought ; men who comprehended the situation of the country and had counted the cost of its redemption ; and pledged to it, as did their fore- fathers of the revolution, their lives, fortunes and sacred honor. Indeed what is said here of the 126th might be said of scores, perhaps hundreds of Regi- ments, that they were cool, brave and intelligent to a remarkable degree. Had there been one great com- mander, capable of understanding the mighty problem and planning and executing the great campaigns, the strife would probably have been soon ended. Peace might have come perhaps, with everything settled on the old basis. It was not so to be. It seems that the counsels of Heaven could only be fulfilled by our passing through a long and bitter experience. North and South had participated, although not equally, in a common guilt, and both must be scourged ; both must reach a higher plane of national civilization by the loss of what was dearest; even by the "sacrifice of the first born."
Few of the 126th now survive. All their letters and diaries written at the time are full of patriotism and enthusiasm. One young fellow, GEO. IRVING ROSE, under date of August 20th, 1862, writes : "Our Company (D) received to-day, by the hand of Judge
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ONE THOUSAND BOYS IN BLUE.
LAPHAM, $200 for being the first Company raised and entering the service in Ontario county, under the call for 300,000 men ; it being a present from H. B. GIB- SON, of Canandaigua." The same artless pen records receiving State, Government and County bounties, besides one month's pay, $13, in advance; making $108, of which he adds, "sent home by brother FLOR- ENCE, $105, to father." (No stimulus of drink urged such lads into the army.)*
On the 20th of August, the Regiment, which was called the 126th N. Y. Volunteers, was full ; and on Friday, the 22d, it was drawn up in line at Camp Swift and mustered into the service by Lieutenant ALFRED FOOT, U. S. A. Then follow in the journals, the account of the sad leave-takings, the pleasant sail of the troops through Seneca Lake, and the railway journey to Baltimore by way of Elmira. Dr. HOYT, Assistant-Surgeon of the Regiment, writes from Balti- more : "Our departure and journey to this place were like an ovation. Flags and handkerchiefs waving, and at many points, booming cannon greeting us along our route. God bless the dear ones we leave behind ; and while you perform the duties you owe to each other, we will try to do ours. It will interest our friends to know that not a case of drunkenness has occurred among us. To this cause we may attribute our freedom from accident and sickness."
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