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1437
A
PRATT'S FALLS, POMPEY, N. Y.
1
-1615 .-
1 HISTORY -OF-
ONONDAGA COUNTY,
NEW YORK.
LAWITH
Illustrations and Biographical Sketches
SOME OF ITS PROMINENT MEN AND PIONEERS.
By PROFESSOR W. W. CLAYTON.
PUBLISHED BY D. MASON & CO., Syracuse, N. Y. -1878 .--
Truair, Smith & Bruce. Printers, Journal Office, Syracuse, N. Y.
--
-
---
-
iii
HISTORY OF ONONDAGA COUNTY, NEW YORK.
PAGE
Portraits of Dr. Elijah Park, and wife, .. Chas. W. Hort,
between 360, 361
360,361
' Albert Becker,
360, 361
llesidence of Jas. Becker, (with portraits)
" Luther Baker, "
facing
between 362, 363
378
Residence of Homer Case, (with portraits)
362, 363
Portrait of Lewis O. Hil!, .
facing 398
of Silas Bell, (with portraits) .
facing 39
MANLIC'S.
St. John's School for Boys,
facing 363
I.esidence of the late C. E. Scoville, (with portraits) .
364
Portrait of Robert Dunlop. .
between 1390, 387
Residence of Robert Dunlop,
386, 387
4. Mrs. Ann Mable,
between 366, 36%
Residence, etc. of Warren C. Brayton, (double page) Residence of Vliet Carpenter, (with portraits) .
= 358. 389
" Ambrose S. Mahie,
366. 367
facing 36.
392
Residence of Rufus R. Kinne, (with portraits) .. Setlı G. Palmiter,
392, 393
Residence of Anson Smith,
facing 370
'%' Dr. Judson H. Graves,
..
370
POMPEY.
Residence of David Hibbard, (with portraits)
facing 395
Residence of Edward French, (with portraits)
facing 372 Portrait of Daniel Gott.
895
Church of the Immaculate Conception, Fayetteville, 373
Portraits of Abraham Northrup and wife,
398
Residence of Chas. M. Cole. (with portraits) . 374
Homer Case's Monument, Pompey Cemetery,
398
Residence of Justin F. Gates,
400
between 374, 375
Portraits of Elijab and Maranda Weston,
400
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES.
Miles Adams,
Generel A. P. Granger,
facing 140
Parley Howlett.
141
George Stevens,
142
William Metcalf Clarke,
148
between 272, 273
Afbart G. Salisbury, .
149
272, 473
Jobn Wilkinson,
between 150, 151
Henry Shattuck,
facing
156
. 272
Jagon C. Woodruff,
=
160
Lyman Clary. M. D., .
161
.. Hon. Joshua Forman,
162
- General Ellas W. Leavenworth,
164
facing 274
J. M Wieting, M. D.,
facing 16h
Lewis H. Redfield,
192
274. 275
Hon Moses Summers,
193
Asa White.
199
Horace White,
199
between 226,277
Hamilton White,
200
276. 277
Nathan F. Graves,
201
=
278, 279
Hou. D. P. Wood,
facing
279
E. F. Rice,
facing 208
Hon. Daniel Pratt,
.
281
Winfam C. Ruger,
213
Hon. Elizur Clark,
213
Cornelius T. Longstreet,
214
John Greenway,
facing 218
between 282, 243
Sylvester P. Pierce,
=
Rangel S. Kenyon,
facing 293
Major William A. Cook,
323
Hon. Dan Bradley.
281
John C. ouse.
between 288, 289 -
Hon. Peter Buros.
.
Benoni Lee,
297
Johnson Hall,
facing
300
George J. Gardner, Esq ..
239
Chauncey B. Laird,
300,301
Major-General John J Peck,
facing 240
facing
302
Rufus Stanton,
21
Titus Merrinau, MI. D.,
303
Hou. Vivus W. Smith.
216
Truman K. Wright,
304
Hon. Deunis McCarthy,
247
John A Stevens,
between
304. 305
Henry Gifford.
247
Ezekiel Skinner.
304, 305
Robert Gere,
248
Deacon Isaac Hill,
facing
303
Jacob Amos,
249
Jacob llalsted, .
306
MIfa. Ann M. T. Redfield,
250
Marvin W Hardy.
302
Milton H. Northrup,
251 -
Judge James Geddes, .
308
Jobn G. K. Truair,
251
John C. Munro, Esq ,
facing
309
General Jobn Ellis,
Derid Munro.
Carroll E. Smit.h.
Robert Hopkins,
310
Charles Tallman,
255
Enoa Peck,
311
H. N White,
facing 256
Sidney H. Cook.
facing 31:
Dwight H. Bi'nce.
.
Bennett Brothera,
B. Burton,
facing
Daniel Bennett,
between 319, 313
.+
377
Hotel and Residence of E. W. Woodward, Portraits of Seymour and Nancy Pratt,
379
Portrait of Joseph Thomas, + Avery F. Palmer,
362, 363
Residence of Myron Bangs. Fayetteville, = ". Ambrose Clark, (with portraits) "Wellwood," residence of Sam'l J. Wells,
PAOE
between 374, 375 facing 376
317
360, 361 362
Beach and Frances Beard, " Illustrious and Eunice Remington, Residence of E. A. Coe, (with portraits)
390
facing 391 Portraits of David S. Miller and wife, 11 .. " Elbridge, Emerson, Julius C. and Mason P. Kinne.
..
318, 319
and Farm Viewa of D. W. Gridley, (double page)
between 370, 371
John Paddock,
. 265
W. W. Porter. MI D.,
facing 268
Hon. Abner Chapman,
272
John F. Clark.
Leonard P. Field,
Jeremiah Everringham,
facing 273
1-Ephraim Webster,
Col. Comfort Tyler.
. 2:2
Gen. Asa Danforth,
Gen. Thaddeus MI. Wood,
274
Horace Hitchings,
.
Moses Fowler,
between 274, 275
Theophilus Hall,
.
Elias B. Bradley.
George T. Clark, M. D.,
facing 275 .. 276
Charles Carpenter,
George Hall,
Volney King,
Jared W. Parsous,
A. G. Wyckoff,
Theodore E. Clarke.
Deacon Jerathmael Hunt,
David Chafee, Sr ..
David Chafee, Jr ..
Judge Hezekiah Earll,
Daniel Kellogg.
249
Horace Bronson.
facing 230
.
..
Hon. Luke Ranney,
Captain Oliver Teall,
234
Fon. John D. Rhoades,
between 300, 301 ..
Jamea Rodger. .
309
212
W. W. Newman,
betweeu 392. 393
'Id Homestead of David Collin, (with portraits) esidence of Wmn. T. Avery, between 364, 369 Homestead of A. H. Avery. Sr., and residence of A. H. Avery, Jr., (with portraits) between 368. 369
" the late Reubeu 11. Bangs, (with portraits)
DE WITT.
378
1:esidence of Curtiss Twitchell, (with portraits) 365
264
iv
HISTORY OF ONONDAGA COUNTY, NEW YORK.
PAGE
Jonathan White,
facing :3
Dr. Eojah P rx.
between 500, 30
B. B Schenck, M. D ..
between S15, 319
Charles W Hoyt,
=
60. 50
Lyman Norton, .
300, 321
All Pit Per ker,
60.36
Dr J E llitta. .
faring
321
Tamos Becker,
361.31
Judge Otis Bigelow,
Joseph Thomas.
Wilson Family,
Avery F. Palmer,
I'rederick W. Fenuer.
Luther Unker,
John Halsterl,
Morris Baker.
John Von Derveer,
Homer Case.
Harvey HI. Riss,
:55
Reuben H Bangs,
Henry Daboll.
between
328, 829
Ambrose C ark,
Horace B Bingham,
328. 399
David Hibbard,
Moses Wormuth,
330
Samuel J. Wells,
George Ecker, .
330
Judson H Graves, MI . D.,
Nathaniel (Ornell,
230
Charles M. Cole,
331
( E. se wville.
C'ol Gabriel Tappan
:31
Allen H Avery.
37
Moseley Dunham,
326
Edward French.
38
Ell A. Coe.
fac ng 310
David Collin, St.
Si As Bell.
Orsamuy Johnson,
310. 341
E W Woodward.
Isaac t'nonley.
facing .311
Robert Dunlop,
between
M Il Blynu, M. D.,
between 312, 313
Rufus R. Kinne,
C'npt Valentine Dunham,
943
Vl'et ('arpenter,
30
David 11 Hoyt,
813
Dairy Farm of W. C. Brayton.
392
Samuel HI Stanton,
317
David S. Miller,
facing
3500
1. Tyler Frisbie.
35
The Kinne Family,
Willis (' Fish, .
35
Daniel Gott,
facing
George W C'ard,
352
Dr. Hezekiah Clarke,
401
James L. Niles,
352
Abraham Northrup,
41 4
James H. Redway,
353
MISCELLANEOUS.
Warren Kinney,
351
Myron Hillyer,
25-1
List of Citizens who assisted in the publication of the History
111
Hou. samnel Willis.
between 356, 357
of Onondaga County with Personals,
325
Russel Foster, .
Stewart Saott, .
J. Beach Beard.
French Fairchild,
Samuel En mons,
HIom Asn Eastwood.
between 310, 241
Alfred J Niles.
352
Elijah Weston.
Roster of Soldiers. .
.
PAC F
362. 301
302. ...
INTRODUCTION.
tempting to compile a History of Onondaga the writer is well aware of the interest and ·hiect both to the historian
adaya has always been a in the prehistoric period, before nu vi the white man to its territory, it was 're of a great Indian Confederacy-that of lois or Five Nations- and when the Jesuit se. ries penetrated the solitudes of its forests, it became the theatre of events in which the two leading nations of Europe became directly interested
The French and the English began the coloniza- tion of North America at nearly the same period. The jeal, usies and rivalries which had long made them les in the Old World were trans- planted re New Continent. The French, by settling c St. Lawrence, whose waters head in of the Northwest, within a few miles
the great
of the trit s of the Mississippi, which flows
across half ontinent to the Gulf of Mexico, had the ad of the most direct means of access to 11 ... of the country, and to the rich nificent valleys and prairies of the Great in a few years they had ascended the St. e to the Upper Lakes ; had crossed over to sissippi and descended it to the Gulf of , they had explored the vast fertile regions the Alleghanies and Texas, and visited every tribe from the Gulf of St. Lawrence to Mobile Bay.
The French avowed the deliberate purpose of keeping the English out of all this territory, and of confining them to the narrow strip of country along the Atlantic coast. In this scheme of empire they sought the friendship and alliance of the Indian tribes. They first secured the friendship of the Hurons and Algonquins of the North and West,
establishing among them missions and trading posts : first in the forests of Canada, then on the Straits entering Lake Superior and Lake Michigan, and finally along the Mississippi, the Wabash and the Ohio. In 1641, a great convention of Red Repub- licans of the Northwestern viddlerness was called at Sault Ste. Marie, which was attended by all the tribes far and near, anu by officers both civil and ecclesiastie of the government of New France ; and it was proclaimed to the assembled tribes that they were placed under the protection of the French nation. In 1671, Nicholas Perot, the agent of Talon, the Intendant of Canada, convened a similar great council at Green Bay, on Lake Michigan. Not only were the vast multitudes of dusky warriors, sáchems and braves there assembled brought into alliance of friendship with the French, but Perot, paddled in a bark canoe by friendly Pottawattomies, visited the Miamis at Chicago, and secured from them similar conditions of friendship and alliance.
While all this was going on, the Iroquois or Five Nations, the most powerful confederation of Indians on the continent, were holding the ground between the English and the French in the State of New York, the Long House, as they called it, reaching from the Hudson to Lake Erie : not as neutrals, although they sought at times to preserve a sort of neutrality, but as enemies of the French and ulti- mately as friends and allies of the English. The French had wantonly provoked their hostility at the beginning of the colonization of Canada ; by forming an alliance with the hereditary enemies of the Iroquois, tribes whom the latter had beaten back beyond the lakes and held in awe and subor- dination. They were so antagonistic to the French along the northern border of New York that Lake Ontario and the Niagara River could not be naviga- ted by them, and for many years their only avenue
2
INTRODUCTION.
of access to the West lay by the Ottawa River, through which they paddled their bark canoes to Lake Nippissing, crossed over to French River, by which they descended to Lake Huron.
The first visit of the Jesuits to the Mohawks and Onondagas had its origin in the necessity for con- ciliating the Iroquois, whose geographical position between the English and the French, and whose strength and prowess in war, made them the natural arbiters of the destiny of which ever nation they chose to assist in the struggle. Those who regard the mission of the Jesuits in this country as purely religious, having for its exclusive object the conver- sion of the heathen to Christianity, mistake very gravely its import and character. It had evidently a politico-religious significance. Not alone to ex- tend the dominion of the Church, but through the Church to extend the power and dominion of France, came these zealous, devoted and self-sacri- ficing disciples of Ignatius Loyola to the wilds of North America.
In Onondaga their mission-field was the most important on the Continent. For, while it was com- paratively easy to make friends and converts of the unbiased tribes of other sections of the country, here they had a strong, wily, skillful, though often a magnanimous foe, to contend with and to con- ciliate. Other tribes were less dominating-the Iroquois were the proud lords of the domain, the heroes of a thousand battles. Besides, at Onondaga, there was that in the situation which made the work of the Jesuits vastly important. This was the center of the Confederacy or League of the Five Nations, the Capital, at which all their great National Councils were held, where the sachems and chicfs, from the Hudson to the Niagara, assem- bied to attend to the business of State, where the national policy and all the great questions of peace and of war werc decided. If, therefore, the Five Nations were to be influenced and brought over to an alliance with the French against their English enemies, where could his be so well accomplished as at Onondaga, in the heart and capital of their confederacy ?
This made Onondaga a famous locality, not only during the period of the Jesuit Missions, but equally famous during the wars which followed, when the
French, failing in ecclesiastical diplomacy, re to the arbitrament of war. Thrice was this invaded by the French. Tu . came the struggle known as the " Old French War," w. in 1759 culminated in the downfall of the French colonial power in America : the Iroquois fighting on the side of the English and turning the scale against the common foe.
It has been seriously doubted by some best statesmen and casuists whether the E colonists would have been able to . " French without the assistant
and whether, in the absence o.
which they rendered, this country mi? be a part of the French dominions. Certair their great strength, skill and advantage of turned against the English, the fate of th would have been very different from what it
Nor has Onondaga been less noted as an org. .. civil division of the State of New York. Her cen- tral location in the great State of which in' is a part ; her connection with the great lines of com- munication both of the early and more . crit fines ; her peculiar topographical and geologica the variety and richness of her resour .vres ; ed pro- ductions : and, above all, the character, quished talents and reputation of her emine en, have
rendered her one of the most noted 'ies in the interio: of the Empire State. A any time, when the character of this great und Nation had to be formed and its policy nd direc ted,
Onondaga men, at the bar, on the bench fields of enterprise and in the halls of leg bore a conspicuous part, and rendered the Onondaga famous throughout the country. were the great advocates and projectors of t Canal-that great State enterprise which, cc
ing the early stage of the country's progress in which it was begun and completed, eclipsed all the marvels of the oldest nations of Europe. The men who believed in the practicability of this great undertaking, so far in advance of the rest of their fellow-citizens that their ideas were regarded as the dream of visionary enthusiasts and treated with: derision ; who first brought the subject before the Legislature, first explored and surveyed the route, and who stood by the enterprise till it was finally
3
INTRODUCTION.
crowned with success, were men of Onondaga ; and by their identification with this great work made the name of Onondaga famous throughout the land.
Onondaga became noted at an early time for her mineral resources-her Salt, Gypsum, and Water- Lime. The Salt Springs of this locality were known throughout the French and English colonies and in Europe more than two hundred years ago. After the Revolution, their fame attracted hither visitors and settlers, and their partial development formed the nucleus of flourishing villages which have grown into a center of more than sixty thousand population.
The first discovery of water lime in America was made in Onondaga at a period most opportune, when it was needed for the permanent locks and culverts in the construction of the Erie Canal; and, in consequence, from 1819 that great work went forward to its completion, and has since had the materials at hand to keep it in a permanent state of repair. Here, too, the first discovery of gypsum in the United States was made in !792, which has since become as noted and valuable as the famous plaster of Paris.
The history contained in the following pages covers all the ground over which we have thus cursorily glanced, giving each step of the progress of the county in detail from the earliest discoveries. The plan of our work, of course. is very different from that of Mr. Clark's two volumes. While we have condensed the history of the Indians into three or four chapters, adding considerable original matter, we have extended the history of the Military Tract, the Salt Interest, the Civil Record, and other matters, deemed of most importance, far beyond anything that has yet been published.
Our History of the City of Syracuse is almost entirely original matter, embracing the inception and progress of industries and institutions which either did not exist or were in their infancy when Mr. Clark published his Onondaga, such as the Public Schools, Churches, Institutions of Learning, Libraries, Manufactories, Banking, Railroads, and the various Industrial and Commercial interests of the modern city. Also in the various Towns of the County, the histories have been brought down from the point where they had been left by the former
historian. The Military Record of Onondaga in the War of the Rebellion-a history not hitherto attempted-has been added, forming one of the most valuable and interesting features of the work.
The sources of information to which we have had access in compiling this volume are the Jesuit Relations : Colonial and Documentary Histories of New York : Clark's Onondaga ; Bancroft's History of the United States ; Smith's New York ; Park- man's Jesuits in America ; Champlain's Journal ; Charlevoix's History of New France ; Parkman's Old Regimé in Canada ; Davidson & Stuvė's His- tory of Illinois : Turner's History of the Holland Purchase ; Geological Reports of the State of New York ; Transactions of the State Agricultural Society ; New York Civil List ; State Census for 1875; Local, County and Town Records, Maps, Pamphlets, Files of Newspapers, and various other documents of a local character. For local matters we have consulted the Pompey Re-union and Van Schaack's History of the Village of Manlius.
For valuable assistance we are indebted to Hon. ·· George Geddes, not only for materials and sugges- tions embodied in various portions of the general history, but for the matter on geology, agriculture, &c., drawn from his valuable Report published in the Transactions of the State Agricultural Society for 1859 ; to Moses Summers, Esq., of the Onondaga Standard, for aid in the use of books and papers, and the History of the 149th Regiment ; to Col. J. M. Gere, Col. Jenney, Major Poole, Gen. Sniper, Capt. W. Gilbert, Lieut. Estes, Gen. Richardson, and others, in making up the history of the regi- ments from this county engaged in the late war. We also acknowledge indebtedness to Hon. E. W. Leavenworth, Messrs. J. Forman and Alfred Wilkinson, Hon. Thomas G. Alvord, George J. Gardner, Esq .. and others, both in the city and country. Many clergymen have kindly assisted us with data for the History of the Churches, and prominent Masons and Odd-Fellows have court- eously aided us in the histories of their societies.
It is hoped that this contribution to local history will be the means of rescuing much historical material from oblivion that would otherwise perish. Records are liable to be destroyed : in many in- stances they are very imperfectly kept ; many of the
4
INTRODUCTION.
most important events of daily occurrence in every community are never recorded at all : if they find their way into the daily papers and files are kept, there are usually no duplicates of the same, and the likelihood that they will be preserved is as one against a thousand compared with a book of history in which these facts and events are gathered up and distributed among thousands of readers.
Moreover, much of the most valuable part of our local history exists only in the memory of those who have been witnesses of the events or partici- pators in them. And these are rapidly passing from the stage of action. Scarcely a week passes but some early settler, whose experience reached back to the beginning of our present improvements and institutions, and whose memory was replete with interesting facts and incidents connected with the country, is numbered no more among the living. Happy for the interests of local history if such citi- zens had been interviewed, and the contents of their
1
interesting knowledge and experience put upon record. Surely he who preserves these valuable traditions from perishing, and commits them to the hands of the descendants of our worthy pioneers in an authentic and readable form, is doing a kind office to present and future generations.
No one but he who has attempted to compile such historical collections, is aware of the difficul- ties, even now, attending the collection of such materials. The meagreness of the records and the incompleteness of the best recollections that can be elicited, are constantly compelling the local historian to modify his plan or to leave it imperfectly execu- ted. Links are wanting which the utmost labor and research cannot supply. While painfully con- scious of this fact, we have striven to make the following pages as accurate and complete as possible under the circumstances, and we submit our humble labors to the indulgent criticism of the public.
CONTENTS.
HISTORY OF ONONDAGA COUNTY.
PAGE 1
C'HAPTER YX .-- Onondaga in the War of the Rebellion-Capt. But- ler's Company-Pettit's Battery,
CHAPTER XXI .- Jenney's Battery. etc ..
CHAPTER XXII .- The 12th Regt. N. Y. Vols .. 91
CHAPTER XXIII .- 12th Regt., continued-The 101st Regt., .
CHAPTER XXIV .- The 122d N. Y. Vols., 103
CHAPTER XXV .- The 1221 N. Y. Vols .. continued, 107
CHAPTER XXV1 .- The 122d N. Y. Vols .. continued-15th Cavalry,
111
CHAPTER XXVII -The 149th N. Y. Vois., 11-
('UAPTER XXVIII .- The 149th N. Y. Vols., continued, 122
CHAPTER
XXIX .-- The 1 3th N. Y. Vols ..
127
(CHAPTER XXX .- The 165th N. Y. Vols., continued. 131
CITY OF SYRACUSE.
Introduction. 135
Railroads.
150
Education.
152
Syracuse University,
167
Churches.
172
C'EAPTER VIII .-- Antiquities -- Relics of European Intercourse with the Indians -- The Monumental Stone of 1:20, discovered Press. in Pumpey-Other curious Relics. 81 Banks. 203
215
Commercial Interests,
Mason4 Odd- Felows. ke ..
311
HISTORIES OF THE TOWNS.
Town of Saline, 25%
" Geddes.
266
Quondaga.
2:1
Marcellus,
283
skaneateles.
244
Elbridge,
295
C'ami lus.
.30h
..
Lysander,
315
Van Buren
Clay,
332
ficero. Spafford,
344
Otisco.
Tully.
35.5
.. La Fayette.
359
Manlius.
303
Fabius,
352
.. De Witt,
Pompey.
.. 95
ILLUSTRATIONS.
Pratt's Falls. Pompey, N. Y. Frontice).
facing title page.
facing 5
Court House, Syracuse,
..
Pemtertiary.
-1
Onondaga County Poor-House,
41
SYRACUSE.
Clinton Square,
facing
155
Residence of Patrick Lynch,
13
Po trait of Gen. A. P Granger,
140
Parley Howlett,
111
· George Stevens,
.. 142
Resilence of John Greenway,
. .
144
Portraita of W MI Clarke and wife,
1-14
" A. G. Salisbury and wife.
1-1.3
John Wilkinson. steel)
between :1 . 151
Residence of John Moore. Portrait of Ilenry Shattuck.
facing 152
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