USA > New York > Warren County > History of Warren County [N.Y.] with illustrations and biographical sketches of some of its prominent men and pioneers > Part 1
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CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 3 1924 083 944 151
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1998
CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY
abbie Washburn Kendrick. Glene Falls. 1885.
HISTORY
OF
WARREN COUNTY
WITH ILLUSTRATIONS AND BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF SOME OF ITS PROMINENT MEN AND PIONEERS
EDITED BY H. P. SMITH
SYRACUSE, N. Y. D. MASON & CO., PUBLISHERS 1885 KC
14B
ITHACA
73
A768943
D. MASON & CO., PRINTERS AND PUBLISHERS, 63 WEST WATER STREET SYRACUSE, N. Y
INTRODUCTORY.
W HILE it may seem to the uninitiated a task involving but little difficulty to prepare for publication a work no more comprehensive in character than this volume, and containing merely the history of a single county, still it is not out of place here to assure all such readers that the work is one demand- ing a vast amount of labor and research, watchful care, untiring patience and fair discrimination. This need not be said to any person who has had experi- ence in similar work. In attempting the production of a creditable history of Warren county the publishers and the editor did not underestimate the diffi- culties of their task, and came to it fully imbued with a clear idea of its mag- nitude and determination to execute it in such a manner that it should receive the general commendation of all into whose hands it should fall. It is believed that this purpose has been substantially carried out, and that, while a perfect historical work has never yet been published, this one will be found to contain so few imperfections that the most critical readers will be satisfied.
It is a part of the plans of the publishers in the production of county his- tories to secure, as far as possible, local assistance, either as writers, or in the revision of all manuscripts; the consequence being that the work bears a local character which could not otherwise be secured, and, moreover, comes from the press far more complete and perfect than could possibly be the case were it entrusted wholly to the efforts of comparative strangers to the locality in hand. In carrying out this plan in this county the editor has been tendered such generous co-operation and assistance of various kinds that to merely men- tion all who have thus aided is impossible; the satisfaction of having assisted in the production of a commendable public enterprise must be their present
5
6
INTRODUCTORY.
reward. But there are some who have given so generously of their labor and time towards the consummation of this work, that to leave them unmentioned would be simple injustice. First, perhaps, should be mentioned Dr. A. W. Holden, of Glens Falls, from whose excellent history of Queensbury we have been compelled to draw so liberally ; to his generous co-operation we are also indebted for the chapter on the Medical Profession, the Press chapter, and other important work. To the Hon. Isaac Mott the work is indebted for the chapter on the Courts, the Beanch and Bar of the county. Others, who have generously aided the work, are T. S. Ketchum, for labor on the Masonic Order; H. M. Harris, of the Glens Falls Republican, and the press generally throughout the county, for use of files, etc. ; Henry Griffing, of Warrensburgh ; David Noble, of Johnsburgh; D. Aldrich, of Thurman; George T. Rockwell, of Luzerne; Daniel V. Brown, county clerk; Professor Farr, of Glens Falls Academy ; the town clerks of the county, and many others. To all such the gratitude of the publishers and readers is extended.
With this word of introduction the work is commended to its readers by the publishers and
THE EDITOR.
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER I.
THE SUBJECT. PAGE. The Historical Beginning - Formation of the County - Situation and Boundaries -
17 Area, etc.
CHAPTER II.
NATURAL CHARACTERISTICS.
General Topography - The Geological Survey .- Description of the Five Mountain Ranges - Recommendations to Lovers of Nature - Valleys of the County -- Lakes and Ponds - Falls and Cascades - Geology - Granite - Serpentine - Potsdam Sand- stone - Sand Rock - Black Marble - Trenton Limestone - Utica Slate . . 18
CHAPTER III.
INDIAN OCCUPATION.
Original Possessors of the Soil - Relative Positions of the Algonquins and Iroquois- A Great Battle-Field - Evidences of Prolonged and Bloody Conflict - The Eastern In- dians -Traditionary Origin of the Iroquois Confederacy - Peculiarities of the League - Personal Characteristics - Jesuit Labors among the Indians - Names of the Mis- sionaries - Their Unselfish but Fruitless Work -The St. Francis Indians - Indian Nomenclature 3I
CHAPTER IV.
EUROPEAN DISCOVERY AND OCCUPATION.
First European Colonists - Discoveries by Columbus and His Successors - Competitors
7
8
CONTENTS.
PAGE.
for the New World - Colonization of New France - Difficulties of the Scheme - Final Success- Champlain's Advent - His Enterprising Explorations - His Colony of 1608- Expedition against the Iroquois - The First Battle - Henry Hudson and Dutch Colonization - English Colonies at Plymouth Rock and Jamestown - Claims of Three European Powers - Subsequent Career of Champlain.
45
CHAPTER V.
FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR.
Antagonism between the Northern Indians and the Iroquois - Lakes George and Cham- plain the Highways of Hostile Elements - End of the Dutch Regime - Expedition against the Mohawks under De Courcelles - The Peace of Breda - Continued Hostil- ities of the French and Iroquois - Invasion of the Country of the Senecas - Revenge of the Indians - Montreal Sacked - Return of Frontenac - Three English Expedi- tions - Schuyler's Expedition against La Prairie - Extracts from His Journal - De- plorable Condition of the French - Frontenac Marches against the Mohawks - Peace Treaty of Ryswick - Neutrality between the French and Iroquois - The English at · Last Rendered Desperate - Failure of their Plans -Treaty of Utrecht - Its Provi- sions Broken by the French - Fort St. Frederic Built. 57
CHAPTER VI.
FRENCH AND ENGLISH RIVALRY.
Declaration of War between France and England - Destruction of Saratoga - Indian and French Atrocities - English Apathy - Events of 1747 - Treaty of Aix-la-chapelle- Operations by the English in 1754 - Hendrick's Speech - The Massachusetts Expedi- tion - Braddock's Campaign - The Movement Against Crown Point - Ticonderoga - Arrival of Dieskau and Vaudreuil - Engagement between Johnson and Dieskau - English Victory - Ephraim Williams's Death - Building of Fort William Henry. ... 67
CHAPTER VII.
FRENCH AND ENGLISH WAR.
Plans of the Campaign - Apathy and Indecision of the English - Brilliant Deeds of the Rangers - Arrival of Montcalm - Capture of Oswego - Campaign of 1757 - Marin's Operations - Montcalm's Preparation for the Capture of Fort William Henry - Coun- cil with the Indians - March of De Levis -Condition of the Fort - Webb's Pusil- lanimous Conduct - Details of the Massacre
84
9
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER VIII.
CONTINUATION OF FRENCH AND ENGLISH WAR.
PAGE.
Prospects for Campaign of 1758 - Discouragement in New France - England's Prepon- derance - Rogers's Rangers and their Deeds - Putnam - Three Expeditions by the English - Fall of Louisburg and Du Quesne - March against Ticonderoga - Howe's Death - The French Position - Assault by the English on the French Lines - A Bloody Battle - Abercrombie's Headquarters - Victory of the French - Engagement at Half-Way Brook - Three Military Posts Within the Present Limits of Warren County',
96
CHAPTER IX.
'EXTINCTION OF FRENCH POWER IN AMERICA.
Continuation of the Famine - Exigencies of the French - Montcalm's Prophecies - Pitt's Zeal and its Effect - The Proposed Campaign -- Abercrombie's Recall and Amherst's Appointment - His Extensive Military Preparations - Assembling His Army -- Montcalm Asks to be Recalled - Capture of Ticonderoga and Crown Point by Am- herst - Fort Gage- Destruction of the Indian Village of St. Francis - Rogers's Won- derful Expedition - Amherst's Fleet and its Operations- General Wolfe Before Quebec - Fall of the City - Montcalm and Wolfe Killed - Strengthening of Crown Point and Ticonderoga -Campaign of 1760 - Extinction of French Power in the New World 109
CHAPTER X.
. EARLY SETTLEMENTS.
Pioneers of Northern New York - Governor De Lancey's Proclamation - Its Effect on Settlements - Jeffrey Cowper - Queensbury Surveyed - Abraham Wing's Advent - His Family - The Queensbury Patent -Names of the Original Proprietors - Their Early Meetings and Action - Division of Lots - Steps Toward Permanent Settle- ment 119
CHAPTER XI.
FROM 1763 TO THE REVOLUTION.
The New Hampshire Grants Controversy - English Oppression of Colonists -- The Sons of Liberty - The Stamp Act - Its Repeal - Obnoxious Parliamentary Action -- The Liberty Pole Assault - Signals of the Revolution 131
IO
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER XII.
FROM 1770 TO 1775.
PAGE.
Governor Colden's Successor - Old Troubles Renewed - A Large Cup of Tea - Congress and its Declaration of Rights - Impending War - The British March to Lexington - Paul Revere's Ride - The Battle on the Green - Retreat of the British -- Prepara- tions for the Capture of Crown Point and Ticonderoga - Ethan Allen's Command- Arnold's Arrival and its Consequences - Plan of the Expedition - Capture of l'icon- deroga - Surrender, of Crown Point -- Reassembling of Congress - Congressional Vacillation - Allen and Arnold's Naval Exploit -- Indian Action in the Revolution - The Canadian Invasion - Montgomery's Initial Movements - Allen's Capture - Carleton's Plan for Relief of St. Johns - Its Failure - Capture of St. Johns and Mon- treal by Montgomery - Arnold's Wonderful Expedition - Montgomery before Quebec - Demand for its Surrender and the Reply - Montgomery's Death and Failure of the Attack - A Disastrous Retreat - Charlotte County Created - Militia Affairs. 135
CHAPTER XIII.
CLOSE OF 1776.
The Canadian Mission- Its Failure - Hostilities Near New York -Battle of Long Island - Small-Pox at Crown Point - Carleton's Pursuit of the Americans - Dr. Thacher's Journal -Building a British Fleet for Lake Champlain - Counter-Action by Arnold - Sailing of the British Fleet -- Respective Positions of the American and British Vessels - The Engagement - Retirement of the Americans - Rapid Pursuit - Arnold's Bravery - Burning of a Portion of the Fleet - Escape of the Remainder to Crown Point-The British Retire to Canada for the Winter - Campaign of 1777 - Burgoyne's Operations - Assault Upon and Evacuation of Ticonderoga - The Jane McCrea Incident - Burgoyne's Surrender 149
CHAPTER XIV.
TO THE CLOSE OF THE REVOLUTION.
Effects of Burgoyne's Defeat - The Gates-Conway Cabal - Appointment of Lafayette to Command of the Northern Department - Closing Events of the Revolution - An In- sult to General Schuyler - Garrisons at Fort Edward and Vicinity -Events of 1778 -79 - Sir John ; Johnson's Invasion -- The Sammons Incident - Capture of Fort Anne- Attack Upon Fort George - A Bloody Engagement - Evacuation of Fort Edward - The Vermont Mystery - Close of the Revolution
163
II
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER XV.
FROM THE REVOLUTION TO 1815.
PAGE.
Advancement of Civil Government- Political Divisions - Renewed Difficulties with Eng- land - The Non-Intercourse Act-Its Repeal - Troubles Relative to Improvements - Declaration of War - Offensive Measures - Canada to be Invaded - Three Move- ments and the Results Thereof - The Northern New York Measures - Naval Opera- tions on Lake Ontario- Attack on Sackett's Harbor by the British - Battle of Platts- burg - American Victory - Close of the War 177
CHAPTER XVI.
TO THE PRESENT TIME.
Early Settlement - Subdivision of Albany County - Formation of Charlotte County - Change of Name - Formation of Towns within Present Limits of Warren County -. Pioneer Experiences - Warren County Organized - Boundaries - County Seat, Buildings, etc. - The "Cold Summer " - Schools and Churches - Internal Improve- ments - Financial Crisis 1837-38- State Legislation Referring to Warren County - Political Campaign - The Leather Industry - Civil List. .. 192
CHAPTER XVII.
LAND TITLES.
Causes Leading to Application for Land Patents - Difficulties in Locating Many Early Patents- Conditions of Grants of Land to Officers and Privates - The Great Dellius Grant-Map of the Same - Alphabetical List of Land Patents Within the Present Warren County - The Glen Tract - Other Tracts and Patents - Map Making in the County 206
CHAPTER XVIII.
WARREN COUNTY IN THE REBELLION.
Patriotic Action of the County - The First Recruiting Officers - Two Companies Raised - The Twenty-second Regiment -Company Officers- Rosters - The Ninety-Sixth Regiment - Company I - Company K, One Hundred Fifty-third Regiment - The Ninety-third Regiment - Warren County Enlistments - The One Hundred Eighteenth Regiment - Second Veteran Cavalry - Statistics. 223
12
COMTENTS.
CHAPTER XIX.
COUNTY BUILDINGS, SOCIETIES, ETC.
PAGE.
Where Early Public Business was Transacted - The County Seat - The First County Courts - First Steps Towards Erecting County Buildings - The First Buildings - Changes in Court Terms - Burning of the County Buildings - Erection of New Ones - Attempts to Remove the County Seat - Reconstruction of Buildings- The County Almshouse - Warren County Agricultural Society 270
.
CHAPTER XX.
THE COUNTY PRESS.
Early Papers- The First Publication in the County -The Warren Republican and its Career- The Lake George Watchman - The Glens Falls Observer - The Warren County Messenger and its Immediate Descendants - The Glens Falls Spectator - The Glens Falls Gazette- The Glens Falls Clarion - Another Republican - The Rechabite and Temperance Bugle - Glens Falls Free Press - The Warrensburgh Annual - - Glens Falls Advertiser - The American Standard- The Warren County Whig - The Pres- ent Messenger - Daily Press - The Daily Times - The Morning Star 277
CHAPTER XXI.
INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS.
Reminiscences - Early Lumber Operations - Incipient Commercial Operations - The Canal and Feeder - Early Railroad Agitation - The Warren County Railroad Com- pany - Navigation Projects - Other Railroad Enterprises - The Railroad Between Fort Edward and Glens Falls 290
CHAPTER XXII.
THE BENCH AND BAR OF WARREN COUNTY ..... 294
CHAPTER XXIII.
THE MEDICAL PROFESSION.
Early Medical Legislation - Organization of the State Society - The County Society - Loss of Records - First Members - Early Delegates to the State Society - List of Officers of the Warren County Society - Biographic Sketches of Prominent Members of the Profession
303
13
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER XXIV.
SECRET SOCIETIES.
PAGE. The First Lodge of Free Masons in Warren County - Glens Falls Chapter - Warrensburgh Lodge - Odd Fellows - Horicon Lodge No. 305 - Horicon Lodge No. 349 - River- side Encampment - Other Lodges. 330
CHAPTER XXV.
HISTORY OF THE PATENT AND TOWN OF QUEENSBURY ........ 332
CHAPTER XXVI.
HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF LUZERNE
. .. 507
CHAPTER XXVII.
HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF THURMAN .. 524
CHAPTER XXVIII.
HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF BOLTON. .... .......
. 529
CHAPTER XXIX.
HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF CHESTER.
537
CHAPTER XXX.
HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF JOHNSBURGH .......... 549
CHAPTER XXXI.
HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF HAGUE
558
CHAPTER XXXII.
HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF CALDWELL ....... .. 565
14
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER XXXIII.
PAGE.
HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF WARRENSBURGH
573
CHAPTER XXXIV.
HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF HORICON . ... .....
596
CHAPTER XXXV.
HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF STONY CREEK . . 603
CHAPTER XXXVI.
BIOGRAPHICAL 606
BRIEF PERSONALS 648
BIOGRAPHICAL.
AMES, MERRITT 630
BOWMAN, JOHN P. 611 BROWN, GEORGE 628 BROWN, D. V 636 BROWN, SEN., D. V. 633 BURHANS, COLONEL B. P 614 CHAPIN, F. L .. 626 DAY, H. M. 642
DICKINSON, CAPTAIN M. N 616
DIX, J. L. 625
FAXON, C. H. 606
15
CONTENTS.
PAGE. GOODMAN, S. L.
639
GRIFFIN, 2D, STEPHEN 641
HAVILAND, 2D, JOSEPH
618
HOLDEN, M.D., A. W
643
MC'DONALD, L. G.
631
MARTINE, M.D., G. R.
327
MONTY, J. C.
638
MOTT, ISAAC 299
PECK, DANIEL 609
SEELYE, E. L. . 637
STREETER, M.D., B. G 323
WING, ABRAHAM 620
WING, HALSEY R.
622
ILLUSTRATIONS.
ARMS, LEWIS L portrait
facing 422
AMES, MERRITT . portrait.
630
BROWN, SR., DANIEL V. . portrait. 632
BROWN, DANIEL V . portrait ¥
.636
BROWN, GEORGE . portrait S
568
BURHANS, BENJAMIN PECK . portrait
576
between 604-605 BOWMAN, JOHN P . portrait.
BOWMAN, MRS. JANE E.
. portrait .between 604-605
BOWMAN, ELLA H . portrait between 604-605
CHAPIN, FRANCIS LE ROY . portrait. .facing 626
DAY, HENRY M portrait
444
DELLIUS GRANT map of 209
DIESKAU'S FIRST ENGAGEMENT. . plan of 82
DIESKAU'S SECOND ENGAGEMENT plan of 83
16
CONTENTS.
PAGE.
DIX, J. L.
portrait
facing 456
DICKINSON, M. N
. portrait.
584
FAXON, C. H.
. portrait
544
FORT WILLIAM HENRY . plan of the siege of
95
GOODMAN, S. L. . portrait
facing 454
GRIFFIN, 2D, STEPHEN
.portrait.
640
HOLDEN, M.D., A. W
. portrait
304
HAVILAND, 2D, JOSEPH portrait
618
LAKE ST. SACRAMENT .map of the outlet of
103
MONTY, J. C.
portrait
facing 638
MARTINE, M.D., G. R.
portrait
328
MOTT, ISAAC
. portrait
298
SEELYE, EUGENE L.
. portrait.
570
STREETER, M.D., B. G
. portrait "
324
TICONDEROGA AND ITS DEFENCES . plan of.
102
WING, ABRAHAM . portrait facing 620
WING, HALSEY R.
portrait
296
HISTORY
OF
WARREN COUNTY.
CHAPTER I.
THE SUBJECT.
The Historical Beginning - Formation of the County - Situation and Boundaries - Area, etc.
W THILE the history of Warren county as a defined section of the State of New York extends into the past only to the year 1813, yet at that com- paratively recent date much of the important history of the immediate region, of which the county now forms a part, had been enacted. For how many years (or, possibly, centuries) before the locality was known to the white race who now possess it the beautiful waters, lovely valleys and rugged mountains were favorite resorts of the aborigines who have been driven from their domain, is a vexed question that has not been answered with any great degree of assurance, and probably never will be. To these primitive inhabitants, well-known as their general characteristics now are, we shall devote a few pages herein, while to the sanguinary strife in which they were prominent actors and which for nearly two centuries made this region one great battle- field, must be given up a share of this work proportionate to the historical im- portance of those events. The history of the territory now embraced within the boundaries of Warren county may, therefore, properly begin with the early years of the seventeenth century, at the time when Samuel de Cham- plain, with his party of northern Indians and two white attendants, came up Lake Champlain on a hostile incursion against the proud Iroquois.1
1 This name is used here and hereafter for convenience, although it had not yet, of course, been applied to these Indians. The name was given to the Five Nations by the French, who also prefixed the name " Huron," because their language indicated the Hurons, who were seated on the shores of the Georgian Bay, as a branch of the Iroquois, and, like them, isolated in the midst of the Algon- quins, when discovered by the French. - LOSSING.
2
18
HISTORY OF WARREN COUNTY.
From the date when Champlain entered the lake which bears his name (July 4th, 1609) to the present time, the historic traces are generally clearly defined, gradually broadening outward toward the present advanced state of civilized occupation of this region ; that event, approaching as it did, if not actually embracing a visit from the great explorer, to places within the present boundaries of this county, was the direct forerunner of the stirring era that extended down to the close of the Revolutionary War.
Warren county was formed from Washington county on the 12th of March, 1813, and received its name in honor of General Joseph Warren, of the Revolutionary army. It lies near the eastern boundary of the State, south and west of Lake George. It contains nine hundred and sixty-eight square miles ; its population according to the census of 1880 was 25, 180. It contains eleven towns, with Caldwell as the county seat.
Although the county was not formed until 1813, it may often become necessary to speak of the inhabitants of the territory now embraced within the county boundaries, and events occurring therein, previous to the actual forma- tion and existence of the county as a civil organization. In doing so, allusion may be made, for the sake of convenience and simplicity, to Warren county before its actual creation.
Such is a brief general reference to the subject of this history -a locality which has been the theatre of events possessing great historic interest and im- portance; which is distinguished by some of nature's most marvelous works and is surrounded with an atmosphere of romance.
CHAPTER II.
NATURAL CHARACTERISTICS.1
General Topography - The Geological Survey - Description of the Five Mountain Ranges - Recommendations to Lovers of Nature - Valleys of the County - Lakes and Ponds - Falls and Cas- cades - Geology - Granite - Serpentine - Potsdam Sandstone - Sand Rock - Black Marble - Tren- ton Limestone - Utica Slate.
M OUNTAINS. - When, by an act of the State Legislature, the geological survey was commenced, the people at large looked upon it as a foolish waste of money ; but when Ebenezer Emmons submitted his report in 1842 for the survey of the second district, there was throughout the country a feel- ing of satisfaction, and particularly among men of scientific attainments ; for
1 This chapter was prepared by Homer D. L. Sweet, of Syracuse, N. Y., a gentleman who is emi- nently qualified for the task, having been prominently connected with one survey of the greater part of Northern New York, and with much other similar work.
19
NATURAL CHARACTERISTICS.
he had discovered mountains that were theretofore unknown, more than a mile in height, giving us, as a State, the right to use the "Great Seal " without in- consistency ; for the sun, as depicted on the shield, could rise from behind real mountains, and the legend underneath, "EXCELSIOR," was no longer a myth.
Mr. Emmons gave, in the early pages of his report, a very concise descrip- tion of the five great mountain ranges that occupy the entire northeast quarter of the State, and which farther investigation has not materially changed in the last forty years ; but when treating of these same ranges of mountains in War- ren county, he has given to them different names from those applied in Essex county, and in treating of the same in the county of Essex, he has left out the third range entirely. It is by this discrepancy in his descriptions that much trouble has been occasioned, and differences of opinion among individuals have arisen. To some of these ranges he gave names, and to others none. James Johonnot, who had charge of the topographical features of French's Gazetteer in 1860, added names to those ranges that had not been named, changed Mo- riah range to Boquet range and Clinton to Adirondack. These changes were called for, because that portion of the Boquet range in Moriah was an insignifi- cant portion only ; whereas, by naming it from a river that bordered it on the north, the name rendered its location at once apparent. Changing the Clinton range to Adirondack was only in conformity to common usage, which in twenty years had become quite fixed in the minds of the people, and which twenty-five years additional has completely established.
In writing of the topography of Warren county, to obtain a fair comprehen- sion of the whole subject, it is easier and much more satisfactory to take it in connection with the surrounding territory, particularly in regard to the moun- tain ranges, for four of the five cross Warren, although they may have their rise or termini in other counties. A mountain range is as much determined by continuous valleys as by continuous peaks, and in the following descriptions I shall be as much governed by one as by the other. When Mr. Emmons made his survey there was no map of the State that was at all creditable, very few of the mountains had a location on them and that few were no more cor- rectly located than they are on the maps we have at present, which is bad enough. Nothing but the trigonometrical survey of this entire region will ever place them absolutely in their right localities.
The first, or Palmerton range of mountains, rises in the extreme south point of Warren county, where it is locally known as the Luzerne Mountain, with its main axis lying in a southwest and northeast direction. Proceeding in a general northeast course, it is divided by a lateral valley, through which the road runs from Glens Falls to Lake George. Proceeding in the same general course, the next mass is known as French Mountain. Beyond this is a little valley in which is situated the hamlet of Harrisena. From this point the mountain ridge be-
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