USA > New York > Warren County > History of Warren County [N.Y.] with illustrations and biographical sketches of some of its prominent men and pioneers > Part 60
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1 The Adirondacks, by S. R. Stoddard, (pp. 180, 181.)
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HISTORY OF WARREN COUNTY.
Pulver. George T. Rockwell became his son-in-law on the 12th of Septem- ber, 1831. William H. Wells and Reuben Wells were sons of Nathan A. Wells. Marlborough Ball, who came to this vicinity soon after 1815, was a Quaker. He kept a farm on what is called the Hog's Back, a mountain ridge in the south part of the town. Descendants from him reside there now. Joseph Varney, another Quaker, was engaged in the same business with his near neighbor last above mentioned, and worshiped with equal silence at the same shrine. His brother (?) Nathaniel Varney, lived near him. Another member of this Quaker farming settlement was George Murray. John S. St. John, physician, came here before 1820. He had an office just opposite the present site of Rockwell's Hotel. Nathan A. Wells, in addition to his lumber- ing business proper, owned a saw-mill and grist-mill on the site of Burnham's grist-mill, the saw-mill being a few rods farther east or up Wells's Creek. At about 1815 Daniel Bocker kept a general store on the corner by the grist-mill. Jeremy Rockwell kept store on the other side of the river. It may be stated here that he came from Ballston to Hadley in 1802, and was originally a Connecticut man. In 1815 the whole country hereabouts was covered with almost impervious forests of pine. Settlements were formed slowly and pain- fully. There were not more than six dwelling houses of any description on either side of the river at the village of Luzerne or Hadley. Azariah Sco- field began, about the year 1818, to keep a store where Edward C. Young now keeps one. A portion of the old building is still standing. A man named Allard used to visit the various families scattered through this vicinity and mend their boots and shoes. He was the only shoemaker known to the com- munity. Descendants from him are now living in Greenfield, N. Y.
The lumber business here for a number of years prior to 1820 was very ex- tensive. Jeremy Rockwell, Artemus Aldrich, Nathan A. Wells, Samuel and Benjamin Rogers, Abijah Adams and a man named Powers were all quite largely interested. The two first named were undoubtedly the most prominent lumbermen here. There were ten or twelve saw mills running in town. Jeremy Rockwell had two mills on the falls below the village. Arte- mus Aldrich had another near by. The mill of Nathan A. Wells has already been mentioned. Thomas Lee owned a large mill about two miles up Wells's Creek from the village. Abijah Adams had two above Lee. Ware Sherman owned and ran one on Leavens's Brook between two and three miles below the village and about a quarter of a mile from the Hudson, and his son, Au- gustus Sherman, owned one a few years later. At a distance of about six miles up Wells's Creek John Ferguson had two mills. Very few logs were in those days floated down the Hudson, as these mills just mentioned did all the sawing for home consumption, and even more - enough to keep the choppers at work.
There was more or less of farming conducted in a general way, corn, oats,
513
TOWN OF LUZERNE.
potatoes and rye being then as now the principal products. In the north part of the town (on the north side of Potash Kettle), Gage, Gay, Bartlett, Bene- dict Putnam, and John Stanton all owned farms. One grist-mill, and one alone, owned by Nathan A. Wells, flourished in town in 1815, and Jeremy Rockwell " kept up his end " on the other side of the river. No tannery as yet existed. Joel Orton kept tavern on the Queensbury Road, and Samuel Van Tassel kept another about six miles from Luzerne village on the Lake George Road - where Joseph Ferguson now lives. There was no distillery about here until 1848, when Jeremy Rockwell built one in Hadley.
The lives of these early settlers were not devoid of incident, both of tragedy and comedy. One of the former kind is related as having taken place about the period of which we are speaking. Jeremiah Russell, who lived in the north part of the town, on the late John Cranell place, was justice of the peace for many years. One Fairchild was charged before him at one time of com- mitting an unnamable crime, and public indignation ran so high against him that Russell was upheld in issuing a warrant for the offender's arrest containing the illegal words, " to be taken dead or alive." Clothed with the supposed authority over life, suggested by this phrase, the officer went to Fairchild's residence, near Ira Lindsey's present home, and seeing Fairchild attempting to escape, shot him dead. The officer was arrested, taken to Albany, tried and acquitted.
Many are the stories told also about "old Ben Barrett," the practical joker. He was a lumberman and merchant in the village of Luzerne-was in partner- ship for a time with George Cronkhite. He lived on the site now occupied by the house of the widow of Andrew Porteus. It is related that one day, while on a spree, Barrett made a bet of three dollars with a fellow-lumberman that the former could throw the latter across the Hudson at Albany. The wager was made with punctilious sobriety of demeanor. After repairing to the place where the money was to be won or lost, and making due preparation for the effort, Barrett seized his opponent, held him out over the water, and relinquish- ing a laughably feeble attempt to throw him, dropped him into the river below. When the fellow came up all dripping and demanded his money, Barrett made a plunge for him, with the exclamation that he'd "try it a thousand times be- fore he'd give up the money," whereupon the fellow, as frightened as wet, left the vicinity with all possible speed, while Barrett and his comrades consumed the money in " drinks for the crowd." Another anecdote told of him is that when rafting logs one evening he and his fellows came to a place on shore where a wedding party were cooking delicacies in an open oven. None of the party happening to be near the oven at the time, the jolly lumbermen ran ashore and lifted oven, sweetmeats and all on the raft and pushed on their way down the river. They had not gone far before they could hear the splashing of oars behind them, and prudently concluding that they were pursued, they
33
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HISTORY OF WARREN COUNTY.
hid the delicacies in the raft and quietly dropped the oven overboard. In a few minutes a man rowed alongside, peered with most inquisitive scrutiny into every nook and corner of the raft, and finally rowed reluctantly back under the impression that they had done the " honest " lumbermen injustice in their suspicions. It is needless to say that the aforesaid " honest " lumbermen im- mediately " fell to " with ocular manifestations of appetites which would make a giant anaconda hang his glittering head with humility.
Among the other early settlers was Joseph W. Paddock, a lawyer, who came here about 1816, married a daughter of Nathan A. Wells, lived until about 1832 opposite the site of Rockwell's Hotel, and then went West. He died in about 1837 or 1838 at Rondout, N. Y., of cholera. His brother, Ira Paddock, came here several years after the advent of Joseph, and practiced law with him for a number of years. Before 1830 he removed to Glens Falls, the place of his death.
John S. St. John, an early physician already mentioned, lived after 1811 for some years on the site of Rockwell's Vanderbilt cottage.I
William Johnson, town clerk in early days, lived where John Gladhill now does. He is mentioned in the town records as early as 1806.
Another early physician was Dr. Truman B. Hicks. He married a sister of George T. Rockwell. He lived for a time-and died-in what is now known as the Riddell house.
Dr. James Lawrence, whose history is given in greater detail in the chap- ter devoted to the past of the medical profession in Warren county, practiced here from about 1825 to January, 1861. His son is the present postmaster of Luzerne.
John Cornwell was an early farmer and lumberman. He came before 1800 and lived near John Ferguson's, about six miles north of the village. Elijah + Buttolph settled before 1810 at Jessup's Landing on the Luzerne side of the the river. Isaac Washburn, a contemporary with Buttolph, lived on his farm about a mile south of Luzerne village on the bank of the river. Isaiah Par- menter " farmed it" on the premises which now constitute the George T. Rock- well farm. John Austin, farmer, lived more than two miles north of the village on land now occupied by Joseph Gailey. His grandson now lives in town. George P. Cronkhite had an ashery on the place now belonging to Rockwell's Hotel.
In the beginning of the century there was a flourishing school on this side the river. The school building stood right near the site of the present school- house in the village. Daniel Gill taught there before 1815, and was followed by a Mr. Harwood. There was an attendance at times of nearly or quite a hundred pupils. There was formerly but one district in the villages of Hadley and Luzerne, but about 1838 the district was divided and a school established
1 So named because formerly rented of Mr. Rockwell by the famous Commodore himself.
515
TOWN OF LUZERNE.
in Hadley. The fiast mention of school matters in the town records appears in 1813, when Willard Leavens, Daniel Wagar, John S. St. John, were elected superintendents of school districts, and Jeremiah Russell, Edward Cornwell, John Lindsey, William B. Colson, and David Bockes, inspectors of schools. There were then seven school districts in town.
Religious meetings were held in the school down to about 1815. Rev. Tobias Spicer, a Methodist itinerant, preached here about 1810 or 1812. Dur- ing the War of 1812 intense excitement prevailed at times in this remote wil- derness. Drafts were made here to fill the American ranks. Several men from here took an active part in the battle of Plattsburg, among them one Wells (no connection of Nathan A. Wells), carried the last plank from the bridge at that famous engagement.
The " cold season of 1816" affected Luzerne badly. Rye and corn went up that summer to two dollars a bushels and pork to fifty dollars a barrel. There was a great amount of suffering. Grinding used to be done at the mills without undergoing the usual process of separating the bran from the kernel. Many people became so destitute that they would come to the mills from miles away and sweep the beams for flour dust with which to make their bread. Even then many families went for a month without bread.
Having viewed the town and village during their early struggles it will be of some interest to trace their growth down to a more recent date. A minute made in the year 1835 states that the village of Luzerne then had one grist- mill, three saw-mills, clothing works, two taverns, three stores and about thirty dwellings. The grist-mill was still owned by Nathan A. Wells. It was orig- inally built by David Bockes, already named. An old Tory had had one on the same site in Revolutionary times, but it became too hot for him here and he left without ceremony. Abijah Adams still ran a grist-mill and saw-mill on the Lake George road. He died not far from 1840. Jeremy Rockwell and Ben Barrett owned a double saw-mill in the village on the east end of the dam. It was carried away by a freshet in 1832 or 1833. Nathan A. Wells also run a saw-mill at this time. The clothing works were situated just below the grist- mill and were owned by Jeremy Rockwell and Orry Martin. They had been here for a number years, but went down before 1840. The two taverns men- tioned referred to George T. Rockwell's, which he built in 1832, and Luke Fenton, who kept one where the Riddell House now is. Before Mr. Rock- well bought his hotel premises Luke Fenton run a similitude of a tavern there. He was there several years and was preceded by Edward Scovil, uncle to P. C. Scovil. Azariah Scoville preceded Edward Scovil as early as 1815. A store was kept in one part of the house. The three stores in the village in 1835 were that of Daniel Stewart and William .H. Wells, who, under the firm name of Stewart & Wells, kept a store just across from Rockwell's Hotel ; that o Henry Rockwell, brother to George T. Rockwell, which was situated on the
516
HISTORY OF WARREN COUNTY.
site of the store now kept by Walter P. Wilcox, and which he kept from about 1820 or 1825 for many years; and that of Barrett & Cronkhite (Ben Bar- rett and George P. Cronkhite), which stood just north of the present Riddell House. Soon after 1830, however, Zina H. Cowles and William B. Martin- dale succeeded Barrett & Cronkhite. George W. Ruggles succeeded Cowles in the partnership in a few years, and about the year 1840 Martindale & Rug- gles failed.
John Durham and Ira St. John were at this period wagon-makers on the creek in the village. Jeduthan Lake was then a farmer in the south part of the town where he still lives; Isaac Barrows was a neighbor to Lake; Ebe- nezer Martin ran a farm in the north part of the town. These are only a few of the many names that might be mentioned of this date, but they are impor- tant.
From the town records of the period covering the year 1840 and the fol- lowing ten years it is learned that at the former date there were twenty-eight road districts in town. In 1843 statements reveal the fact that there were then fourteen school districts, three hundred and thirty-five pupils, and four hundred and eighty-eight books (school property). This was a period of tem- perance agitation, undoubtedly, for there was considerable opposition to the granting of any licenses. In 1845 the commissioners of excise granted tavern licenses to William A. Pierson and Stephen Lake. In the spring of 1846; the town resolved by a vote of 133 to 37 that no licenses should be granted. The resolution was re-enacted in the following year. At the annual meeting of the excise board on the 3Ist of May, 1849, the following applications were pre- sented: Grocery licenses, T. D. Stewart, and Taft P. Town; tavern licenses, Stephen Lake, Orlin Pember, Carmi Lindsey, and George T. Rockwell. I. P. Wilcox applied for a temperance license. Among the various resolutions passed by this honorable body was one to the effect that no grocery licenses be granted; that three tavern licenses be granted, viz .: to Stephen Lake, George T. Rockwell, and Orlin Pember; that a temperance license be granted to I. P. Wilcox, and that " no rot-gut be sold in the town. "
When the War of the Rebellion broke out; the town of Luzerne responded promptly and heartily to the imperative demand for men and money to pre- serve the Union from dissolution. The first item in the town records appears under date of November 6th, 1862, when the town auditors allowed to Newton Aldrich the sum of $15.38 for the relief of soldiers' families, and $225 for the payment of balances due to the soldiers themselves. On the 5th of November, 1863, the sum of $130.71 was allowed to Daniel Stewart for soldiers, and for relief to the families of soldiers; and Morgan Burdick, appointed by the auditors a committee of relief, as required by statute, reported that he had re- ceived from the town $25.00, out of which he had paid for the relief of the families of soldiers the sum of $14.61.
517
TOWN OF LUZERNE.
On the 6th of July, 1864, the following document was presented to the town clerk :--
" Call for Special Town Meeting to raise Bounty Money to pay Volunteers. " To the Town Clerk of the Town of Luzerne : -
" We, the undersigned, citizens of Luzerne, request you to call a special meeting of said Town, to vote upon the question whether a tax shall be raised upon said Town to pay bounties to volunteers under the call to be issued by the President of the United States. Dated July 6th, 1864.
" Henry McMaster, Orrin Moore, Perry C. Scovil, W. W. Rockwell, A. Hemstreet, O. Dean, A. J. Cheritree, Daniel Stewart, J. B. Burneson, George T. Rockwell, George Eddy, George W. Inman. "
Whereupon, William H. Wells, town clerk, gave notice of such meeting to vote upon the question as to whether or not the sum of $5,000 should be raised. The result was that out of 141 votes cast upon the question, 89 were in the affirmative, and 52 in the negative. At the same. meeting it was deter- mined that not more than $100 was expedient to be voted to each volunteer. On the 5th of August following this last measure was rescinded, and the sum made $200 for each volunteer, or person furnishing a volunteer. The aggregate sum, however, was not to exceed $5,000. On the 23d of August, 1864, it was resolved by a vote of 70 against 30 that the additional sum of $3,000 be raised to pay bounties. On September 12th it was decided to raise a still fur- ther sum for bounties, but the additional amount is not named.
Between the 23d of August and the 5th of October, 1864, bonds were given aggregating $11,125.
At a Special Meeting held on February 1Ith, 1865, called to decide whether or not sufficient money should be raised by tax to pay volunteers and prevent a draft under the president's call for 300,000 men, and to defray the expense of enlisting men and mustering them into service, it was resolved by a vote of 74 to 31 that the necessary amount be raised. Subsequently Andrew J. Cheritree, in his capacity of supervisor, was authorized by the auditors to en- list men with money which had been placed in his hands to pay bonds not due, said obligations to be met when due by a sale of town bonds.
Under all these enactments and measures, men enlisted freely and fought bravely. Homes were deserted and hearts broken, but the grand object of saving the Union was accomplished.
Following is a list of the town supervisors from the first annual meeting to the year 1885: 1793-1800, Jeremiah Russell; 1801 and 1802, Mark A. Child ; 1803, Willard Leavens; 1804, Jeremiah Russell; 1805-1808, Erastus Cross; 1809- 1811, Willard Leavens; 1812 and 1813, John S. St. John ; 1814, Willard Leavens ; 1815-1817, John S. St. John ; 1818, Joel Orton ; 1819, John Cam- eron ; 1820, Willard Leavens ; 1821-1823, John Cameron; 1824, Willard Leavens ; 1825-27, Nathan A. Wells ; 1828, Willard Leavens; 1829-1831,
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HISTORY OF WARREN COUNTY.
William H. Wells ; 1832-1836, Reuben Wells; 1837 and 1838, Daniel Stew- art ; 1839-1841, James D. Weston ; 1842-1845, George T. Rockwell; 1846, William H. Wells; 1847, Jonas Selleck ; 1848, Daniel Stewart; 1849;and 1850, Thomas Butler ; 1851-1853, George T. Rockwell; 1854, William H. Wells; 1855 and 1856, Newton Aldrich ; 1857, Thomas Butler ; 1858, Ira Lindsey ; 1859, Newton Aldrich; 1860, Thomas Butler ; 1861, William H. Wells ; 1862- 1869, Andrew J. Cheritree; 1870-1872, J. C. Porteus ; 1873 and 1874, H. P. Gwinup; 1875 and 1876, Benjamin C. Butler ; 1877, Wilson Smead ; 1878, Clark Hall; 1879, James G. Porteus; 1880 and 1881, Andrew Porteus ; 1882, J. B. Burnison ; 1883-1885, John Peart, jr.
The following are the present officers-elect of the town : [Supervisor, John Peart, jr .; town clerk, James H. Lawrence ; assessor, Eugene D. Howe; jus- tices of the peace, Charles Trumbull, William Anderson, H. W. Lindsey, Perry C. Scovil, L. E. Stearns; commissioner of highways, W. W. Ramsay ; col- lector, John L. Burneson ; overseer of the poor, Alexander Fisher ; inspectors of election, E. K. Thomas, Perry C. Scovil; constables, John L. Burneson, Thomas H. Taylor, Ira H. Putnam, Wallace Bullice, W. C. Howe ; game con- stable, Fred Rorder ; commissioners of excise, John Batter, one year, George W. Beadmore, two years W. H. Putman, three years.
The population of the town of Luzerne has varied since 1850 as follows : 1850, 1,300; : 1855, 1,286; 1860, 1,328 ; 1865, 1,136; 1870, 1,174; 1875, 1,303 ; 1880, 1,438.
MUNICIPAL HISTORY.
The village of Luzerne, as has already been learned, consisted, in 1810, of a saw-mill, a grist-mill, and not more than half a dozen dwellings. In 1835 there was a grist-mill, three saw-mills, clothing works, two taverns, three stores, and about thirty dwellings. The village had grown to reasonable proportions. It has grown since then, though not, perhaps, in the same proportion, but it has acquired a reputation for healthfulness and salubrity and unrivaled beauty, which has made it the favorite resort of a large class of people from Troy and Albany, and New York, and other cities, which cannot be diminished by any comparison with other resorts more loudly advertised, and more fervently de- scribed by artists and pleasure seekers. On the northeastern boundary of the village, on a more elevated plane, and yet concealed from view until the ap- proaching traveler is almost upon it, lies Lake Luzerne, imbedded in the hills and slopes covered with evergreens, like a gem of pearl in a setting of emerald, and bearing on its tremulous bosom a solitary island so small that it seems to float. On the other side of the village, separating it from its sister village, Hadley, tumbles the historic Hudson among boulders that stubbornly resist the course of the waters and often retard the progress of the logs that float upon its surface. Out in every direction - over mountains to Glens Falls and Stony
519
TOWN OF LUZERNE.
Creek, through mountains to Lake George, and between mountains along the Hudson River, lead roads that carry the admiring sight-seer through an endless and unrepeating succession of pleasing surprises. Luzerne is peculiar. "It has no brother and is like no brother," and these beauties and this peculiarity crowd its excellent hotels each summer to overflowing.
Mr. George T. Rockwell says that until perhaps 1835 the post-office which had been established at Hadley received mail for the inhabitants of Luzerne. About that year the post-office was established and Harmon Wells received the appointment. He held the office for a number of years and was succeeded by his brother, Reuben Wells, who remained in office until 1856. Then John B. Burneson was appointed. In 1861 he was superseded by Andrew J. Cheritree, now county judge of Warren county. Charles Schermerhorn was appointed in 1862, and performed the duties incident to the position until 1866. In that year Augustus H. Cross was empowered to control the distribution of mail to the good people of Luzerne. In 1871 he gave place to Thomas Butler, who remained until 1878. James P. Darling then took the position, but in 1882 was replaced by the present incumbent, James H. Lawrence.
Hotels .- In preceding pages it has been stated that the present site of Rockwell's Hotel is the oldest hotel site in the village. For years before 1832 Luke Fenton had kept a tavern here. In that year the venerable proprietor, George T. Rockwell, purchased the property of Nathan A. Wells, rebuilt the old structures, and on the first of May opened his hotel. In 1852 he rebuilt the house a second time, and from that time has occasionally made such addi- tions, attractions and repairs as the vigilance of the owner suggested were nec- cessary. The hotel proper, with the four cottages attached, and the barber- shop and grounds, covers an area of about four acres. One hundred and fifty guests can be comfortably accommodated. A farm of six hundred acres pro- vides many of the substantial and wholesome articles of food which load the deservedly famous table of mine host Rockwell. Mr. George T. Rockwell claims, with a strong probability of truth, that he is the hotel proprietor of longest standing of any in the United States. He certainly knows the busi- ness, and has taught his sons the art with equal success. His son and partner, George H. Rockwell, went in 1866 to Lake George and assumed the proprie- torship of the Lake House, in company with his brother, H. J. Rockwell. In the fall of 1867 he bought out his father in Luzerne and remained here until 1879, when he went to Glens Falls as part proprietor of the Rockwell House at that place. In 1881 he came back to Luzerne and has remained here until the present. They set one of the finest tables in this part of the country.
The Riddell House, E. E. Riddell proprietor, was originally built about 1810 by Josiah Fuller. Luke Fenton kept it until about 1825. Mr. Riddell's predecessor was Charles Wilcox, who gave place to the present genial propri- etor in 1884. The house can accommodate eighty guests.
520
HISTORY OF WARREN COUNTY.
The Wayside was built in about 1869 by B. C. Butler, and kept by him for a while. The present proprietor, H. J. Rockwell, son of George T. Rock- well, opened the house in 1882 for summers only. He was formerly1 of Rockwell's Hotel, Luzerne; of the Rockwell House at Glens Falls; of the Lake House and Fort William Henry, at Lake George, and present proprietor of the American House at Troy. The hotel is built in the Swiss style of architecture. There are nine cottages on the grounds. About two hundred persons can be accommodated.
Mercantile Interests .- The oldest store in town is the drug store and phar- macy of George Y. Miller. Mr. Miller resigned from the U. S. Navy on the 7th day of April, 1865, and on the 10th of May opened his store in Luzerne. He moved into his present store building in May, 1866. James H. Lawrence has kept a general store here since 1867. He began in the lower part of the village, but himself erected his present store building in 1875 and immediate- ly occupied it. Mr. Lawrence, besides his experience as postmaster, served as town clerk from 1867 to 1879 and since 1882. E. Dayton, jeweler, began business here in 1871. He started on the corner now occupied by Morton's store, and moved to his present location in the spring of 1884. Walter P. Wilcox started a grocery here in the spring of 1873. He began operations in the store now occupied by T. C. Stillwell, and moved to his present quar- ters in the spring of 1883. C. W. Wagar first commenced dealing in general merchandise here in 1873. He went out in a short time and W. H. Ives oc- cupied the building for a general store. About 1876 he removed to Glens Falls and Webster & Co. opened a hardware store in the building. In 1878 M. C. Wagar bought them out and placed the management of the business in the hands of C. W. Wagar. In 1882 the latter bought out his brother and has since that time conducted the business alone. He now has both a hardware and a general department. Stephen V. Morton opened a grocery and meat-market in his present location in 1878. W. T. Garnar started a dry goods and grocery business in Luzerne in the spring of 1880 in company with W. S. Porteous. Since the latter withdrew in 1881 Mr. Garner has con- ducted the business alone. Edward Young has had a tin-shop here about three years and a half. He came into his present building in 1885. David Frank, dealer in dry goods and ready-made clothing, came here on July Ist, 1882. J. J. Parker, general merchant, began business in Luzerne on the Ist of May, 1885.
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