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Gc 974.7 R15h 1737635
M. L.
REYNOLDS HISTORICAL GENEALOGY COLLECTION
ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY 3 1833 01068 6530
Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2015
https://archive.org/details/historyofstateof00rand_0
01.0
HISTORY
OF THE
STATE OF NEW YORK.
FOR THE USE OF
COMMON SCHOOLS, ACADEMIES, NORMAL AND TTICHE SCHOOLS.
AND OTHER SEMINARIES OF INSTRUCTION.
BY S. S. RANDALL, .
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC SCHOOLS OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK.
EXCELSIOR
840
NEW YORK : J. B. FORD AND COMPANY. 1871.
·
1737635
PREFACE.
So far as I am aware, the compilation now presented to the public is the first attempt at providing for our elementary and higher institutions of learning a separate History of the State of New York. Many of the most important events in that history are, it is true, contained in the current school histories of the United States ; necessarily, however, greatly abridged and condensed. It has seemed to me, and to others interested in the work of popular education, that some attempt should be made to supply this deficiency by presenting within a convenient compass the prominent outlines of those interesting details which have rendered our own "Empire State " so conspicuous in the history of the great American Republic.
In the execution of the work it has, of course, been found necessary to draw very largely upon the materials furnished by the earlier and later annalists of the State and nation ; and I take especial pleasure in acknowledging the obligations I have been under to my esteemed friend, MARY L. BOOTH, whose " History of the City of New York," as condensed from the most reliable sources, embodies the principal events of that of the State up to the period of the Revolutionary War. I have also been greatly indebted to Judge HAMMOND'S " Political His- tory " of the State for a clear and lucid detail of the successive administrations of the government from its origin to the ter- mination of that of Governor WRIGHT. From that period to the close of the present year I have carefully consulted the
iv
PREFACE.
various Public Documents of the State, and the contemporary annals of the public press. To my respected friend, HENRY B. DAWSON, the well-known author of the "Battles of the American Republic," I am under special obligations for the ac- curate details of the military and naval contests which have shed so brilliant a lustre upon our history as a State.
The Appendix will be found to contain the Constitution of the State as amended by the Convention of 1867 - 68 ; a statis- tical account of the population according to the census of 1835, and the several subsequent enumerations down to 1870; lists of the respective Governors from 1624 to the present time, and Lieutenant-Governors and Speakers of the Assembly from the period of the adoption of the first State Constitution ; and lists of Railroads and Canals in the State, their extent, and the cost of their construction and maintenance.
In the confident hope that the work may be found worthy of adoption in our common schools, academies, and other semi- naries of learning throughout the State, I respectfully commend it to the favorable regard .of the great body of teachers, school officers, and other friends of education, within its borders.
S. S. RANDALL. NEW YORK, January, 1870.
------
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
INTRODUCTION. . PAGE
PHYSICAL FEATURES OF THE STATE. - PUBLIC WORKS. - GEOL-
OGY. - CLIMATE, ETC. . 7-9
FIRST PERIOD. INDIAN OCCUPANCY.
The Algonquins or Delawares. - Mohegans. - Manhattans. - The Five Nations. - Character and Objects of the Confederacy. - Chiefs, Sachems, and Orators. - The Tortoise. Bear, and Wolf Tribes. - Founders of the Confederacy. - Traditions. - Strawberry of the Great Spirit. -- Conquests of the Iroquois. - Accession of the Tus- caroras. - Fidelity to the English. - Comparative Numbers . 10 - 13
SECOND PERIOD.
DISCOVERIES AND SETTLEMENTS. - THE DUTCH GOVERNMENTS.
CHAPTER I.
John de Verrazzano. - Samuel Champlain. - Henry Hudson. - His Employment by the Dutch East India Company. - Entrance into New York Bay. - Intercourse with the Indians. - Discovery of the River. - Voyage up the Hudson to Albany. - Return to Europe. - His Death. - Fur-Trade Expeditions from Holland. - Adrien Block. - Foundation of New York City. - Explorations and Discoveries, - New Charter. - Association of Merchants. - United New Nether- lands Company. - Indian Council at Tawasentha. - Treaty of Al- liance. - Progress of the Fur-Trade. - English Claims. - Charter to Ferdinando Gorges and his Associates. - West India Company. - Colonization of New Netherlands. - Cornelissen Jacobsen May. - Settleinents on Manhattan and Long Island and Fort Orange. - Wil- liam Verhulst 14 - 19
CHAPTER II. - ADMINISTRATION OF PETER MINUIT.
Purchase and Settlement of Manhattan Island .- Friendly Relations with English Colonists. - Church Organization. - Murder of a Westches- ter Indian. - Grants of Territory to Patroons and other Settlers. - Introduction of Slavery. - The Rensselaerwyck Patroons. - Progress of Manhattan Colony. - Controversy with Patroons. - English Claims. - Recall of Minuit. - Swedish Settlement on the Delaware. - Death of Minuit
19 - 22 .
vi
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER III. - ADMINISTRATION OF WOUTER VAN TWILLER.
His Character. - Controversy with Dominie Bogardus. - Adam Roe- landsen, the First Teacher. - Rebuilding of the Fort. - Erection of a Church. - Jacob Eelkins's Visit to Manhattan. - Defiance of the Governor's Authority. - Proceedings of Van Twiller. - Difficulties with the English Colonies on the Connecticut. - Invasion and Re- conquest of Fort Nassan. - Rapacity and Wealth of Van Twiller. - Controversy with Van Dincklagen. - Recall of Van Twiller. - Pur- chase of Povonia 22- 24
CHAPTER IV. - ADMINISTRATION OF WILHELM KIEFT.
Difficulties with the Swedish Colonies. - New Charter of Privileges. - Settlements on Long Island. - Indian Hostilities. - Attack upon the Raritan, Westchester, and Mohawk Indians. - Indian Massacre at Pavonia. - Terrible Retaliation. - Murder of Anne Hutchinson. - Massacre of Long Island and Connecticut Indians. - Treaty of Peace. . 25- 31
CHAPTER V. - ADMINISTRATION OF PETER STUYVESANT. Representative Council. - Treatment of the Indians. - Adjustment of Boundaries between the Dutch and English Governments. - Man- hattan and Brooklyn Goverments. - English Intrigues. - Recon- quest of Swedish Forts on the Delaware. - Renewal of Indian Hos- tilities. - Patent to the Duke of York. - Surrender of the Colony to the English. -- Death of Governor Stuyvesant . . 32- 36
THIRD PERIOD. ENGLISH GOVERNMENT.
CHAPTER I. - ADMINISTRATIONS OF GOVERNORS NICOLLS, LOVELACE, AND ANDROS.
New City Charter. - Arbitrary Measures of Lovelace. - Reconquest by the Dutch. - Restoration to the English. - Proceedings against Lovelace and Manning. - Arbitrary Conduct of Andros. - His recall 37 - 40
CHAPTER II. - ADMINISTRATION OF THOMAS DONGAN.
Representative Assembly. - Charter of Liberties. - Arbitrary Meas- ures of James II. - Alliance and Conquests of the Iroquois. - Conn- cil at Albany. - Invasion of the French. - De la Barre. - Denon- ville. - Lambert. - Retreat of the French. - Recall of Governor Dongan. - Abdication of James II. - Organization of Parties. - Ja- cob Leisler . 41 - 45
CHAPTER IN. - ADMINISTRATIONS OF JACOB LEISLER AND GOVERNORS SLOUGHTER AND FLETCHER.
Committee of Safety. - The Battery. - Burning of Schenectady. - Naval Expedition against Quebec and Montreal. - Arrival of In- goldsby and Governor Sloughter. - Refusal of Leisler to surrender
·
vii
CONTENTS.
the Government. - Arrest and Execution of Leisler and Milborne. - Treaties with the Iroquois. - Governor Fletcher. - Bradford's Print- ing-Press. - Church Controversy. - Trinity Church. - Invasion of Frontenac. - Piratical Depredations 45 - 49
CHAPTER IV. - ADMINISTRATIONS OF THE EARL OF BELLA- MONT, LORDS CORNBURY AND LOVELACE, AND LIEUTENANT- GOVERNOR INGOLDSBY.
Captain William Kidd. - Honors to Leisler and Milborne. - Trial and Conviction of Bayard. - Lord Cornbury. - Establishment of a Grammar-School. - Lord Lovelace. - Queen Anne's War. - Expe- ditions against Canada · 49-52 ·
CHAPTER V. - ADMINISTRATIONS OF ROBERT HUNTER, WILLIAM BURNET, AND JOHN MONTGOMERIE.
German Immigrants. - Lewis Morris. - Failure of the Canadian Ex- peditions. - Governor Hunter and the As nibly. - Court of Chan- cery. - Chief-Justice Morris. - Peter Schuyler. - Governor Burnet. - His Counsellors. - French Missionaries and Traders. - Conven- tion at Albany. - Opposition of the Assembly. - New York Gazette. - Governor Montgomerie .
. 52- 55
CHAPTER VI. - ADMINISTRATION OF GOVERNOR COSBY. Contest with Rip Van Dam. - Arbitrary Measures of Cosby. - Trial and Acquittal of Jolin Peter Zenger on an Indictinent for Libel. - Popular Triumph. - Andrew Hamilton. - Sons of Liberty . . 55-59
CHAPTER . VII. - ADMINISTRATIONS OF GEORGE CLARKE, ADMIRAL CLINTON, SIR DANVERS OSBORNE, AND SIR CHARLES HARDY. Dissolution of the Assembly. - Disfranchisement of Jews. - Slavery in New York. - The Negro Plot. - Reign of Terror. - Number of Victims. - Dissensions with the Assembly. - Popular Discontent. - Suicide of Governor Osborne. - Lieutenant-Governor De Lancey. - Changed Position of Parties. - Sir Charles Hardy . . 59-63
FOURTH PERIOD.
FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR.
CHAPTER I. - ADMINISTRATION OF LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR DE LANCEY.
French Incursions. - Washington's Mission to St. Pierre. - Fort du Quesne. - Surrender of Fort Necessity. - Treaties with the Iroquois. - Convention at Albany. - Franklin's Plan of Confederation. - Events of 1755. - General Johnson's Campaign. - Fort Edward. - Lake George. - Repulse of Dieskau. - Fort William Henry. - Shir- ley's Expedition against Niagara. - Campaign of 1766. - Attack upon Oswego. - Death of Colonel Mercer. - Quartering of Troops in New York . . 64-69
viii
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER II.
Campaign of 1757. - Siege of Fort William Henry. - Treachery of Webb. - Surrender of the Fort and Massacre of the Garrison by the Indians. -- Campaign of 1758. - Attack upon Fort Ticonderoga. - Death of Lord Howe. - Retreat of the English. - Fort Frontenac. - Capture of Forts Du Quesne, Ticonderoga, Crown Point, and Ni- agara. - Siege and Capture of Quebec. - Death of Wolfe and Mont- calm. - Capture of Montreal. -- Naval Warfare. - Treaty of Peace. - Death of Lieutenant-Governor De Lancey. - Administration of Cadwallader Colden and Robert Monckton. - Independence of the Judiciary . . 70-75
FIFTH PERIOD.
THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR.
CHAPTER I.
Relation between the Colonies and England. - Restrictions upon Com- merce and Navigation. - Sacrifices of the Colonies. - Demands of the Crown. - Passage of the Stamp Act. - Its reception in the Colonies. - Proceedings at New York. - First Colonial Congress. - Decla- ration of Rights. - Arrival of the Stamps. - Proceedings of the Sons of Liberty. - Attack on the Fort. - Non-Intercourse Agreement. - Articles of Confederation proposed. - Arrival of Sir Henry Moore as Governor. - Proceedings of the Assembly. - Repeal of the Stamp Act. - Patriotic Celebrations. - Erection of the Liberty Pole . 76-82
CHAPTER II.
Controversies between the Governor and Assembly. - Disturbances be- tween the Soldiers and Citizens. - The Liberty Pole. - Legislative Powers of the Assembly suspended. - Tax on Tea. - Indignation of the Colonies. - The Sons of Liberty. - Proceedings of the Assem- bly. - Renewal of Non-Importation Agreement. - Death of Governor Moore. - Lieutenant-Governor Colden. - Public Meetings. - Issue of Colonial Bills of Credit. - Arrest of John Lamb and Imprisonment of McDougall 82- 86
CHAPTER III.
Attacks upon the Liberty Pole. - Riotons Proceedings of the Soldiers. - Excitement of the Citizens - Public Meeting. - Sons of Lib- erty. - Battle of Golden Hill. - Governor Colden's Despatches. - Hampden Hall. - Successful defence of the Liberty Pole. - Viola- tion of Non-Importation Agreement. - Proceedings of the Sons of Liberty. - Lord Dunmore. - Proceedings against Me Dougall . 86- 91
CHAPTER IV. - ADMINISTRATIONS OF GOVERNORS TRYON AND COLDEN.
Shipments of Tex - Spirited Proceedings of the Sons of Liberty. - New York " Tea Party." - Vigilance Committee. - Public Meeting
ix
CONTENTS.
of Citizens. - Non-Importation League. - Second Colonial Congress. - Proceedings of the Assembly. - First and Second Provincial Congress. - First Continental Congress. - Arrival of the Asia - Disturbances in the City. - Sons of Liberty. - Provisional Gov- erument. - Patriotic Demonstrations. - Capture of Ammunition at Turtle Bay - General Wooster encamps at Harlem. - Embarkation of Royal Troops. - Recapture of Arms by the Citizens . . 91-97
CHAPTER V. - EVENTS OF 1775.
Capture of Ticonderoga and Crown Point. - Organization of New York Regiments. - Removal of the Guns on the Battery. - Cannonade of the City by the Asia. - Demand for Satisfaction. - Abdication of Governor Tryon. - Demolition of Rivington's Press. - Invasion of Canada. - Siege and Capture of St. John's. - Disastrous Expedition of Allen. - Siege of Quebec. - Death of Montgomery and Defeat of Morgan and Arnold. - Retreat of American Troops . 97- 102
CHAPTER VI. - EVENTS OF 1776.
Investment of New York by Howe and Clinton. - Preparations for De- fence. - Declaration of Independence. - Proceedings of Provincial Congress at White Plains. - Battle of Long Island. - Retreat of Washington to New York and Harlem Heights. - Arrest and Exc- cution of Nathan Hale as a Spy. - Landing of Howe at Kip's Bay. - Evacuation of the City. - Skirmish at Harlem. - Retreat to White Plains. - Battle of White Plains. - Captures of Forts Washington and Lee. - Retreat through New Jersey. - Naval Combat on Lake Champlain . 103- 110
CHAPTER VII. - ADMINISTRATION OF GOVERNOR GEORGE CLIN- TON. - EVENTS OF 1777. - FIRST STATE CONSTITUTION.
Occupation of the City of New York by the British. - The Neutral Ground. - Cow-Boys and Skinners. - The- Provincial Congre -: , - Committee of Safety. - Destruction of Military Stores at Peekskill. - Attack on Sag Harbor. - Constitutional Convention. - Election of Governor and Staff Officers. - Congressional Delegates. - Barbarous Treatment of Prisoners. - The Sugar-House. - Provost Jail and Jersey Prison-Ships. - Attack on Ticonderoga. - Retreat of Schuy- ler and St. Clair. - Murder of Jane McCrea. - Kosciusko. - At- tack upon Fort Schuyler. - Battle of Oriskany. - Indian Ambus- cade . 110 - 116
CHAPTER VIII. - EVENTS OF 1777. - BURGOYNE'S CAMPAIGN. First and Second Battles of Stillwater. - Battle at Bemis's Heights. - Dissension between Gates and Arnold. - Retreat of Burgoyne to Saratoga. - His Surrender. - Its Effects. - Capture of Forts Clinton, Montgomery, and Constitution by the British. - Burning of Kings- ton . 116 - 121 .
CHAPTER IX. - EVENTS OF 1778 AND 1779.
Indian and Tory Atrocities. - Destruction of Cobleskill. - Massacre at
x
CONTENTS.
Cherry Valley. - Capture and Recapture of Stony Point and Ver- planck's Point. - Surprise of British at Paulus Hook. - Attack upon Minisink by Brant. - Sullivan and Clinton's Expedition against the Indians. - Destruction of their Villages and Crops . 122 - 128
CHAPTER X .- EVENTS OF 1780, 1781. - TREASON OF BENEDICT ARNOLD.
His Occupation of West Point. - Correspondence with André. - Ar- rangements for an Interview. - Arrival of Washington and Lafayette. - Interview between Arnold and André. - Retreat and Capture of Andre at Tarrytown. - Washington's Discovery of the Treason. - Flight of Arnold. - Conduct of Andre. - His Trial, Conviction, and Sentence. - Etforts for the Capture of Arnold. - His Subsequent Career. - Execution of Major Andre. - General Sympathy for his Fate. - Close of the War. - General Rejoicings. - Treaty of Peace. - Disbandment of the Ariny. - Evacuation of New York. - Parting of Washington with his Officers. - His Resignation and Retirement to Mount Vernon 128 - 136
SIXTH PERIOD.
THE STATE GOVERNMENT.
CHAPTER I. - ADMINISTRATION OF GOVERNOR GEORGE CLINTON.
Position of Affairs at the Close of the War. - Articles of Confederation. - Propositions for their Modification. - State Jealousies. - Position of New York. - Proceedings of the Legislature. - Congress. - Na- · tional Convention at Philadelphia. - Delegates from New York. - Their Instructions. - State of Parties in the Convention. - Forma- tion of the Constitution. - Its Submission to the States. -. Organiza- tion of Parties. - " The Federalist." - Views and Arguments of the Respective Parties. - State Convention at Poughkeepsie. -- Ratifica- tion of the Constitution. - Choice of Presidential Electors and Repre - sentatives in Congress . . 137 - 144
CHAPTER II. - ADMINISTRATION OF GOVERNOR GEORGE CLINTON. First Meeting of Congress at New York. - Organization of the National Government. - Arrival of the President and Vice-President. - Tri- umphal Progress of Washington. - The Inauguration. - Re-election of Governor Clinton. - Hamilton's Plan for the Assumption of the Public Debt. - Appointment of United States Senators. - Removal of the Capital to Philadelphia. - Meeting of the Legislature. - Popu- lation of the State. - Internal Improvements. - Public Lands. - Western and Northern Inland Lock Navigation Companies. - Presi- dential Electors. - Third Election of Governor Clinton. - Citizen Genet . 144 - 150
CHAPTER III. - ADMINISTRATIONS OF GOVERNORS GEORGE CLINTON AND JOHN JAY.
Meeting of the Legislature. - Governor's Message. - Foundation of the Common-School System. - United States Senators. - John Jay
,
xi
CONTENTS.
elected Governo .. - Bill for the Abolition of Slavery. - Presidential Electors. - Congressional Elections. -- Comptroller. - Location of the Capital at Albany. - Election of Adams and Jefferson as President and Vice-President. - State Elections. - Re-election of Governor Jay and Lieutenant-Governor Stephen Van Rensselaer. - State of Par- ties. -- Legislative Proceedings. - Apprehension of War with France. - Internal Improvements. - Origin of the Canal System. - General Washington's Exploration and Views. - Christopher Colles. - Legis- lative Encouragement. - Philip Schuyler and Elkanah Watson. - Manhattan Bank Charter. - Alien and Sedition Laws. - Death of Washington. - Funeral Honors. - Legislature of 1800. - State Elec- tions. - Triumph of the Democratic Party. - Presidential Electors. - United States Senators. - Nominations of National and State Can- didates .
150 - 158
CHAPTER IV. -- ADMINISTRATION OF GOVERNOR GEORGE CLINTON.
Organization of the Common-School System. - Contest between Jeffer- son and Burr for the Presidency. - Re-election of Governor George Clinton and Lieutenant-Governor Jeremiah Van Rensselaer. - State Constitutional Convention. - Appointment of Chancellor Lansing. - Meeting of the Legislature. - Attorney-General. - United States Senators. - De Witt Clinton and Aaron Burr. - Duel between Clin- ton and Swartwout. - Parties in the Legislature. - Appointments and Removals. - Proceedings of the Legislature. - Election of Gov- ernor Lewis and Lieutenant-Governor Broome. - Duel between Ham- ilton and Burr. - Death of Hamilton. - His Character and Ser- vices. - Funeral Obsequies. - Governor Clinton elected Vice-Presi- dent 158 - 163
CHAPTER V. - ADMINISTRATIONS OF GOVERNORS MORGAN LEWIS AND DANIEL D. TOMPKINS.
Meeting of the Legislature. - Special Message of the Governor relative to Common-School Education. - Common-School Fund. - Free-School Society in New York. - Stephen Arnold. - Coalition of Federalista and Republicans. - Election of Governor Tompkins. - Trial and Ac- quittal of Burr for Treason. - First Steamboat on the Hudson. - History of the Enterprise. - Livingston and Fulton. - British Orders in Council. - Berlin and Milan Decrees. - The Embargo. - State of Parties. - Proposed Erie Canal. - Survey of the Route. - Ap- pointment of Commissioners. - Departure of Burr for Europe. - Election of President Madison and Vice-President Clinton. - Pro- ceedings of the Legislature. - Spring Elections. - Re-election of Governor Tompkins and Lieutenant-Governor Broome. - Prepara- tions for War with England . . 163 - 163
CHAPTER VI. - ADMINISTRATION OF GOVERNOR TOMPKINS. - SEC- OND WAR WITH GREAT BRITAIN.
Condition of National Affairs. - Nomination of De Witt Clinton for the Presidency. - Proceedings of the Legislature. - Appointment of Commissioners for the Establishment of Common Schools. - Bill for the Construction of the Erie Canal. - Application to Congress
xii
CONTENTS.
and State Legislatures. - Death of Lieutenant-Governor Broome and Election of Nicholas Fish. - Organization of' the Common-School System. - Bank of America. - Prorogation of the Legislature. - Death of Vice-President George Cunton. - Return of Colonel Burr. - Death of Theodosia Burr Alston. - Subsequent Career and Death of Burr. - West Point Military Academy. -- Trial and Aequit- tal of David Thomas and Solomon Southwick for Bribery. - Progress of the War. - Campaign of 1812. - Surrender of Detroit by Hull. - Naval Victories. - Fleets on Lakes Erie and Ontario. - Attack on Sackett's Harbor and Ogdensburg. - Battle of Queenstown Heights. - Capture of British Troops at St. Regis. - Presidential Electors in favor of Mr. Clinton chosen. - Re-election of President Madison . · . 169 - 178
CHAPTER VII. - ADMINISTRATION OF GOVERNOR TOMPKINS. - SECOND. WAR WITH GREAT BRITAIN.
Election of United States Senator. - Superintendent of Common Schools. - Death of Chancellor Livingston. - Re-election of Governor Tomp- kins. - Progress of the War. - Campaign of 1613. - Naval Vieto- ries and Defeats .- Death of Captain Lawrence. - Rescue of Amer- ican Prisoners in Canada. - Capture of Ogdensburg. - Capture of York and Death of Zebulon Montgomery Pike. - Capture of Fort George. - Attempted Capture of Sackett's Harbor. - Attack upon Black Rock. - Capture of the Argus by the Pelican. - The Boxer. - The Enterprise. - Perry's Victory on Lake Erie. - Battle of the Thames. - Recovery of Michigan Territory. - Abortive Ex- peditions against Canada. - Action at Chateangay. - Battle of Chrysler's Farm. - Evacuation of Fort George - Burning of Newark and Queenstown. - Retaliatory Descent npon Fort Niagara, Lewiston, Youngstown, and other Places. - Destruction of Buffalo and Black Rock
.. 178 - 186
CHAPTER VIII. - ADMINISTRATION OF GOVERNOR TOMPKINS. - SECOND WAR WITH GREAT BRITAIN.
Legislative Proceedings. - Appointments and Removals. - Appropria- tions to Colleges. - Revision of Common-School Law. - State Elec- tions. - Progress of the War. - Compaign of 1814. - Movements of General Wilkinson and General Brown. - Attack upon Ronse's Point. - Removal of Wilkinson. - General Izard. - Repulse of the British at Oswego. - Transportation of Military Stores to Sackett's Harbor. - Action at Sandy Creek. - Capture of Fort Erie - Bit- tles of Chippewa and Lundy's Lane 186 -192
CHAPTER IX. - ADMINISTRATION OF GOVERNOR TOMPRINS. - SEC- OND WAR WITH GREAT BRITAIN. - CAMPAIGN OF 1814.
Siege of Fort Erie. - Defeat of the British. - Cap'nro and Burning of Washington. - Preparations for Defence of the City of New York. - Patriotic Conduct of Governor Tompkins. -- Invasion of New York. - Attack upon Platsburg. - Medmough's Victory on Lake Cham- plain. - Special Meeting of the Legislature, - Spirited Proceedings for the Public Detince. - Their Reception at Washington. - Gov- ernor Tompkins declines the State Department . 192 - 199
.
xiii
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER X. - ADMINISTRATIONS OF GOVERNORS TOMPKINS AND DE WITT CLINTON. - CLOSE OF THE WAR.
Treaty of Peace with Great Britain. - Battle of New Orleans. - United States Senator. - Attorney-General. - Erie and Champlain Canals. - Great Meetings in New York and Albany. - Energetic Efforts of De Witt Clinton. - Canal Commissioners. - Survey of Route. - Election of President Monroe and Vice-President Tompkins. - Abo- lition of Slavery. - Resignation of Governor Tompkins. - Election of Governor De Witt Clinton and Lieutenant-Governor Tayler. - Act for the Construction of the Canal. - Commencement of the Work. - New Organization of Parties. - Common Schools. - The Laneasterian System of Instruction. - Domestic Manufactures. - Spring Elections. -Clintonian Triumph. - Meeting of the Legislature. - Governor Clin- ton's Message. - Accounts of Vice-President Tompkins. - Contro- versy with the Comptroller. - First Boat on the Erie Canal. - United States Senator. - Exciting Political Campaign. - Re-election of Gov- ernor Clinton and Lieutenant-Governor Tayler. - Canal Policy . 199 - 206
CHAPTER XI. - ADMINISTRATION OF GOVERNOR DE WITT CLINTON. Legislature of 1821. - Special Message of the Governor. - Act for Con- stitutional Convention. - United States Senator. - Canal Commis- sioner. - Removal of Gideon Hawley as Superintendent of Connnon Schools. - Appointment of his Successor. - Abolition of the Office, and its Annexation to the State Department. - Meeting, Organiza- tion, and Proceedings of the State Constitutional Convention. - Outlines of the New Constitution. - Its Adoption by the People . 207 - 210
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