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V Onondaga's Centennial.
GLEANINGS OF A CENTURY.
EDITED BY DWIGHT H. BRUCE.
VOLUME II.
THE BOSTON HISTORY COMPANY. PUBLISHERS.
1 896. 4
F 127
CONTENTS-VOL. II.
CHAPTER XLIII.
THE TOWN OF SALINA 933-961
CHAPTER XLIV.
THE TOWN OF LA FAYETTE 961-977
CHAPTER XLV.
THE TOWN OF SKANEATELES 977-1015
CHAPTER XLVI.
THE TOWN OF DEWITT 1015-1037
CHAPTER XLVII.
THE TOWN OF GEDDES 1037-1048
CHAPTER XLVIII.
THE ONONDAGA INDIANS AND THEIR RESERVATION 1049-1069
CHAPTER XLIX.
GENERAL SUMMARY 1070-1113
PART II-BIOGRAPHICAL.
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 1-223
1384670
iv
CONTENTS.
PART III-FAMILY SKETCHES.
FAMILY SKETCHES
1-493
INDEXES.
PART I 495-530
PART II 530-531
PART III
531-544
PORTRAITS 545-546 1 1
ILLUSTRATIONS AND MAPS
546
PORTRAITS-VOL. II.
Abell, Flavel L. facing 111, Part II
Allen, Alexander II. facing 164, Part II
Andrews, Charles 179, Part II
Andrews, John Y facing 69, Part II
Goodelle, William P.
facing 134, Part II
Graves, Maurice A.
facing 32, Part II
Graves, Nathan F
60, Part II
Hall, Nathan K. 1005. Part I
Hall, Will T.
205, Part II
Hanchett, Reuben C., Dr.
facing 26, Part II
Hiscock, Frank
141, Part II
Hiscock, Frank H. 188, Part II
House, Rufus 368, Part III
Howlett, Alfred A. 63, Part II
Hoyt, Ezekiel B.
facing 1012, Part I
Jenkins, Arthur
196, Part II
Jewett, Freeborn G.
173, Part II
Judson, E. B.
53, Part II
Kennedy, George N. .. facing 183, Part II Kirkpatrick, William, Dr. 143, Part II
Knapp, H. J.
469, Part III
Kyne, John L.
204, Part II
Leavenworth, Elias W. 112, Part II Legg, John facing 991, Part I Leslie, E. Norman facing 979, Part I
Longstreet, Cornelius T. _ 109, Part II Loomis, Henry H. ... facing 130, Part II
Edwards, Hiram K. 338, Part IIl
Gaynor, John F
466, Part III
Gere, Robert
169, Part II
Gifford, Henry 74, Part II
Baldwin, C. B. 203, Part II
Barnes, George 84, Part II
Beauchamp, Howard C. 202, Part II
Bibbens, Clarence H. 207, Part II
Bingham, Augustus W. _ facing 61, Part II Brand, William F. 211, Part II
Burdick, Edward II. facing 154, Part II
Burdick, Hamilton facing 138, Part II
Burhans, Henry N. facing 30, Part II
Burns, Peter 132, Part II
Campbell, Alexander J., Dr.
facing 158, Part II
Clark Elizur .90, Part II
Clark, S. E. facing 971, Part I Collin, David 329, Part III
Comstock, George F. 176, Part II
Cook, Ele
facing 144, Part II
Cotton, George G. facing 56, Part II Davis, Richard R. 210, Part 11
Denton, L.
358, Part III
Donohue, Florince (). 55, Part Il
Duncan, William A .. facing 213, Part 11
1
1
V
CONTENTS.
Mabec, Am brose S. .332, Part III
McClary, C. E., Dr. facing 24, Part II
McEvers, William F. facing 160, Part II
McLennan, Peter B 186, Part II
Melntyre, Calvin facing 94, Part II
Mclntyre, Edward M. .. facing 96, Part II Magee, Charles M., Dr. facing 73, Part II
Maine, F. L. 206, Part II
Markell, Peter V facing 153, Part II
Marlow, Frank W., Dr. facing 29, Part II
Marsellus, John facing 64, Part II
Marvin, William facing 987, Part I
May, Samuel J., Rev 7, Part II
Moore, John J., Dr. facing 33, Part II
Morgan, Le Roy-
177, Part II
Moseley, Daniel
172, Part II
Munro, David Allen, jr. facing 36, Part II Nash, John F. 199, Part II
Nichols, Charles
facing 1016, Part I
Nims, Horace, Dr. 481, Part III
Northrup, Milton H.
194, Part II
Noxon, James
181, Part II
Peck, John J., Gen.
107, Part II
Peck, M. L.
346, Part III
Pierce, William K.
facing 17, Part II
Potter, J. Densmore, Dr.
facing 167, Part II
Pratt, Daniel 175, Part II
Raynor, George
facing 216, Part II
Redfield, Lewis H. 189, Part II
Roe, C. A. 209, Part II
Ruger, William C. 182, Part II
Sampson, Ernest S ... facing 62, Part II
Sawmiller, Ignatius facing 31, Part II Saxer, Leonard A., D. facing 27, Part II Sherman, Isaac N. __ facing 163, Part II Slocum, Henry W., Gen. 99, Part II
Smith, Carroll E. 192, Part II
Sniper, Gustavus
47, Part I}
Stacey, Alfred E.
facing 67, Part II
Stephenson, J. S. 201, Part II
Sullivan, Napoleon B., Dr
facing 51, Part II Sumner, Edwin V .. Gen, facing 1, Part II Sweet, John E. facing 85, Part II Thayer, Joel facing 1005, Part I Thorne, Chauncey B. .. facing 42, Part II Totman, David M., Dr. _ facing 54, Part II Vann, Irving G. 185, Part II
Wallace, William J
180, Part II
Weeks, Forest G.
facing 128, Part II
Wells, Samuel J.
350, Part III
White, Hamilton
125, Part II
White, Horace
121, Part II
White, Howard G.
197, Part IF
Wilcox, Asel F.
335, Part III
Wood, Daniel P
119, Part FF
ILLUSTRATIONS AND MAPS-VOL. II.
Alvord Building, the old, in Syracuse_939 Aunt Dinah, portrait of 1068
Captain George, portrait of __ 1065
La Forte, Daniel 1058
Map of Onondaga Reservation. facing 1049
Sacrifice of the White Dog.
1062
Webster, Thomas, portrait of
1060
Onondaga's Centennial.
CHAPTER XLIII.
THE TOWN OF SALINA.
This town, organized March 27, 1809, in its relation to the Military Tract, contained only nine and one-half lots of the tract, taken from the northwest corner of Manlius. They were numbers 1, drawn by Col. Goose Van Schaick; 2, by Joseph Travis; 3, by James Williamson ; 4, by Simon Peterson ; 8, by Israel Harriott ; 12, by Christopher Youngs; 18, reserved for gospel and schools; 19, by Col. John Lamb; 27 (in part), by Capt. Benjamin Pelton ; 28, by Nicholas Van de Bogart.
In the year 1797, when the State took formal control of the salt springs, the surveyor-general was authorized by a law to lay out a por- tion of the Salt Reservation, to provide for the manufacture of salt. Accordingly a part of the marsh lands and the uplands were laid out and mapped and given the name, Salina. In 1798 a village was laid out and called also Salina; and upon the organization of the town, that, too, took the same name. When the county was organized in 1994, the territory which went to form the original Salina town was compre- hended in the original townships of Manlius and Marcellus, and after, the town of Onondaga was set off in 1798, and the military township ยท of Marcellus was organized as a civil town (co incident with the county organization), that part of the Salt Reservation not taken into Onon- daga and lying on the west side of the lake and creek, was attached to Camillus. For the formation of Salina town, the nine and one-half lots in the northeast corner of Manlius were taken and with the Salt Reservation, formed this town. With the incorporation of the city of Syracuse in 1848, Salina was reduced to its present area by setting off what had been the villages of Geddes and Syracuse,
934
ONONDAGA'S CENTENNIAL.
The act under which the village of Salina was laid out contains the following :
Be it enacted, that the superintendent shall, on the grounds adjoining to the south- east side of Free street, so named on the map of the Salt Springs, made by the Sur- veyor-General, lay out a square for the village, consisting of sixteen blocks, each six chains square, with intermediate streets, conforming to the streets laid down on the said map, made by the Surveyor-General, and divide each lot into four house lots, and deliver a map and description thereof to the Surveyor-General.
The act further provided that no lot should be sold for a less sum than $40, and that no lot on which there was a building worth $50 should be liable to be sold, if the owner or occupant should agree to obtain a deed for it, at the average price of other lots sold. Thus was laid the foundation of what is now the city of Syracuse.
Almost simultaneously with the settlement of Major Danforth and Comfort Tyler in the Hollow, the first settlers established their rude houses near the salt springs. The first houses were not only primitive; they were peculiar. The sills were laid on four posts which were set up with plates on the top. The posts were grooved on the sides facing each other and into these grooves were dropped the ends of sticks laid horizontally one upon the other, forming the rough sides of the building. The outside was then plastered with clay or mud inter- mixed with straw, making a comfortable, if a queer looking dwelling.
During the year 1789, and possibly in one or two instances in 1788, Nathaniel Loomis, Hezekiah Olcott, Asa Danforth, jr., John Danforth (brother of the major), Thomas Gaston, and a Deacon Loomis settled at Salina, made their homes, and most of them became prominently iden- tified with the salt industry. Mr. Olcott became a member of the Fed- eral Company, organized only a few years later for the manufacture of salt on a large scale. In 1790 Col. Jeremiah Gould, with his three sons, Jeremiah, James, and Phares, and one daughter, removed from Westmoreland to Salina. This family became prominent in the com- munity, and the pioneer has the credit of building the first frame house at Salina in 1792, which was also the first one built in the county.
In 1791 Samuel Jerome left his home in Saratoga county, visited the salt springs, and on his return took a little salt with him through the towns of Pompey, Fabius, Homer, and Manlius, reporting to eager list- eners that he had found the " promised land." This was the means of inducing other families to settle at Salina. Among these were a family named Woodworth, and another named Sturges, the first names of whom were lost in the scattered records of the village in early times.
935
THE TOWN OF SALINA.
On the 2d of March, 1792, Isaac Van Vleck removed to Salina from Kinderhook, N. Y., with his wife and four children His was the sixth family to become permanent residents of the place. Mr. Van Vleck is credited with building the first arch for a kettle for salt boiling. He was prominent in the little settlement until his death which took place about 1800. His son, Abraham, was born at Salina October 16, 1792,1 and is believed to have been the first white child born within the present limits of Syracuse, and the first white male child born in Onondaga county. He was born in what was afterwards known as the Schouten house, which was used later for a blacksmith shop, corner of Exchange and Free streets. Isaac Van Vleck's family consisted of three sons, named Matthew, Abraham, and Henry, and three daugh- ters. Henry Van Vleck removed to Illinois and died there; Matthew became a prominent citizen and a large land owner; he held the office of supervisor many years and was a member of assembly in 1833. He was killed while on a hand car in a collision on the Oswego and Syra- cuse Railroad. After Isaac Van Vleck's death his wife removed to Pittstown, Rensselaer county, where Abraham learned his trade of tan- ner and currier. After following it some years he returned to Salina in 1834 with his family and lived there until his death in 1867. James Van Vleck, of Salina, and Isaac, of Clay, were sons of Abraham. The late Mrs. O'Blennis, of Salina, was a daughter of the pioneer Isaac Van Vleck. She lived to a great age and was authority for many valuable historical facts. She stated that in 1792 there were in Salina, besides those above mentioned, Josiah Olcott and James Peat.
Sometime in the year 1792 Phares Gould built what was known as a mud house. It was constructed by laying up one upon another narrow strips of boards flatwise on the four sides, lapping the ends at the cor- ners, and filling between the boards with clay. The roof was made of rough planks split from logs. By the close of the year 1792 there had been built eight or nine dwellings, two of which were of mud (so- called), one frame (Jeremiah Gould's) and the others of logs. Three of these houses stood on what is now Salina street (called in early times Canal street) and as many more on Free street near Carbon, as those streets now appear. No sales of land had yet been made and settlers erected their houses wherever their fancy dictated.
1 About the time of Mr. Van Vleek's birth an Indian was accidentally drowned at Oswego Falls, and the grief of the dead native's friends bore so heavily upon them that they named Abraham " Ne-un-hoo-tah," meaning sorrow for the departed. He was always called thus by the Indians, whose friendship for him was lasting and unwavering.
936
ONONDAGA'S CENTENNIAL.
If we leave out of consideration the marsh lots near the lake, the surroundings of which were unwholesome, no fairer spot could be found on which to found a village than the rising uplands of Salina. This rounded, rising lake shore was covered with original forest or with a heavy second growth, from among the shore line shadows of which could be seen the placid lake and the distant wood crowned hill- sides, now covered with the dwellings, and shops of Geddes. The lake and nearby streams were filled with fish for the table, first among which was the noble salmon, and the forests abounded with game of various kinds. It was fortunate for the pioneers that such was the fact, for provisions in the early years were scarce and difficult to obtain. Such as could be procured came from Tioga, or Herkimer, or Whitestown, and were brought only in small quantities and at irregular intervals. Suffering for necessary articles of diet was not unknown. On several occasions in 1992-3, when there was a scarcity of provisions, boats were sent from Salt Point to Kingston, Canada, by way of Oswego, and re- turned with welcome stores. According to Clark, an old resident stated that "they at different times procured bread, biscuits, salted meat, and fish that were made and cured in England, which, though of inferior quality, were nevertheless accepted with a relish which hunger never fails to give." There was no grist mill nearer than Asa Dan- forth's small affair, on Butternut Creek, and the first corn raised or brought to Salina was pounded into meal in the hollowed top of a stump. But the scarcity of provisions continued only a few years. Deer were then so numerous that they often herded with cows and came home with them at night. Bears, wolves, foxes, coons, and other small animals were also very plentiful. The Indians caught many young bears and traded them to the settlers, who in turn exchanged them with the boatman for provisions. Prominent among the very carly boatmen was a man known as Captain Canute, who ran a boat hither from Albany, bringing in provisions, etc., in exchange for salt, furs, young bears and other animals, for which he found a ready market to the eastward.
During the year 1793 a number of families joined their fortunes with the little community at Salt Point. Thomas Orman came and brought the first caldron kettle in which to boil salt, and Aaron Bellows, a good cooper, was a welcome accession, as he was able to supply the needed barrels for packing the staple product, Simon Phares (followed
937.
THE TOWN OF SALINA.
in 1796 by Andrew Phares) and William Gilchrist also settled there in that year. The latter has been given credit for having kept the first public house; but it is certain that Elam Schouton kept a tavern earlier (1791-2) and was succeeded by Isaac Van Vleck in 1793. Andrew Phares was justice of the peace from 1808 to 1821, and held office in the militia. He, with his wife and daughter Lois, then one year old, made a journey to New Brunswick, N. J., on horseback in the year 1812, when there was no wagon road over much of the distance.
Sometime in the year 1793, Isaac Van Vleck rendered the little set- tlement a great service by journeying to Albany and returning with a large grinding mill, which he set up in Mr. Bellows's cooper shop, and thither the settlers brought their corn to be ground. In the same year John Danforth, a brother of Asa, built the second frame house in the the place, and at about the same time Isaac Van Vleck and Asa Dan- forth, jr., built better dwellings for themselves. The lumber for these structures was brought, in part at least, from Little Falls in bateaux, and the nails came from Albany. At the close of 1793 there were only sixty-three persons in the community and of these more than twenty were ill. The first settlers discovered at once that they had located amid unwholesome surroundings. The decaying vegetation of the marshes which were alternately overflowed and then left to give out their deadly vapors, and perhaps other conditions not so well under- stood, caused an alarming prevalence of fevers of the various types, and the resultant sickness and mortality was frightful. At times there were not enough well persons in the community to properly care for the sick. Under these circumstances the Indians were exceedingly kind and lightened the burdens of many families. Dr. David Holbrook, who had settled at Jamesville, probably as the first resident physician in the county, came over daily and was faithful in attendance upon the afflicted. In 1797 Dr. Burnett settled at Salina and thereafter shared in caring for the sick. The question has been seriously asked whether Salina would not have been depopulated from this cause before the be- ginning of the century, had it not been for the stimulating incentive of the probable future importance of the place as a wealth-creating center through the salt industry. By about the year 1800 the prevailing fevers were much reduced by drainage of the low lands, but they were not wholly dispelled until the later lowering of the outlet of the lake. Hon. Thomas G. Alvord states that as late as 1830 he has seen the
118
938
ONONDAGA'S CENTENNIAL.
canal bridge covered with persons just well enough to get out of doors, leaning on the railings to get the benefit of the sunshine.
One of the first settlers at Green Point was Mr. Lamb, who carried on farming. Mrs. O'Blennis related the following interesting incident in connection with this family :
In 1793, when Mr. Lamb's daughter was about fourteen years old, she was left alone in the rude house while he attended to his farm work. Hearing a noise in the house, Mr. Lamb approached and saw an Indian kissing his daughter and taking liberties with her. Mr. Lamb killed the Indian on the spot and fled to Salina. The Indians declared they must have his life, according to their custom. The chiefs were called together, with Ephraim Webster as interpreter, and the facts were nar- rated. A council was held (the last one at Salina) and Kiacdote stepped forward, threw off his blanket and commanded attention. He then related the circumstances to the tribe and said it was the first time an Indian had ever been known to insult a white squaw. He declared that the killing was justifiable and that Mr. Lamb must not be punished. This decision was adopted, provided Mr. Lamb would pay to the relatives of the dead Indian, a three-year-old heifer, which was to cement peace and good will between the posterity of both parties forever.
Meanwhile settlement began to reach out to other points in the town. John Danforth began making salt in 1794 at Liverpool, and was soon followed by Patrick Riley, Joseph Gordon, James Armstrong, and Charles Morgan. John O'Blennis located at Green Point and was making salt there in 1794. In the same year Elisha Alvord, father of Thomas G. Alvord,1 settled at Salina, whither he was followed four years later by his brother, Dioclesian. Both of these men became prominent citizens and foremost in developing the infant salt industry. Immediately upon the arrival of Elisha Alvord at Salina he began to make his presence felt. He engaged in salt manufacturing and had the honor of erecting the first permanent structure under which salt was made. In 1808 he was appointed to lay out what was known as the "Salt Road," extending from Salina north through Cicero and on to Sackett's Harbor. In 1808 he and his brother built the first brick building within the present limits of Syracuse, which is still standing on the southeasterly corner of Salina and Exchange streets. The brick for this building were made by David Marshall on the banks of the Yellow Brook near where it crossed South Salina street between Jefferson and Onondaga streets. The stone in the cellar wall were quarried in the line of what is now Center street, in the First ward. The Alvord brothers kept a hotel a few years in this building.
1 An extended sketch of Hon. Thomas G. Alvord appears on a subsequent page of this work.
939
THE TOWN OF SALINA.
Upon the organization of the town in 1809, Elisha Alvord was chosen supervisor; he was also prominent in the early militia and rose to the position of first major. He was conspicuous in the organization of the Federal Company in Salina for the more extensive and systematic manufacture of salt .. This company was composed of himself, Jede- diah Sanger of Oneida, Thomas Hart, Ebenezer Butler of Pompey, Hezekiah Olcott, Daniel Keeler, and Asa Danforth. Ow- ing to disagreements this company was bought out by the two Alvords about NUFACTORY ------ two years later and their interests were thus combined. Mr. Alvord removed from the county in 1813, and died in July, THE OLD ALVORD BUILDING. 1846, at Lansingburg.
Dioclesian Alvord died in Salina March 10, 1868, aged ninety-two years.
In 1793 the settlers at Salina became fearful of attack by the Indians. War was still going on between the western tribes and settlers, and the belligerent feeling extended among the Six Nations to some ex- tent. Moreover, the condition of things on the northern frontier, where the British still held control, was such as to render an attack from that quarter imminent. The capture of a boat load of stores at Three River Point, which belonged to Sir John Johnson, by a party of thirty or forty men, aroused the ire of the British officers, who de- termined that a body of soldiers and Indians under Johnson and Brant, should make a sudden descent upon the Onondaga settlements, where it was assumed most of the party who had captured the boat re- sided. The collection of duties on American boats by the British gar- rison at Oswego was the prime cause of the attack on Johnson's boat. The British had employed spies to give notice of any boat designing to "run" the fort, and through this agency several had been con- fiscated. Two of the spies had been captured by the Americans and publicly whipped at Salina. While no real collision occurred, there was anxiety and foreboding at Salina which extended in lesser degree
940
ONONDAGA'S CENTENNIAL.
to other points. Many families made serious preparations to leave their homes until the danger was passed. For consultation upon the subject a meeting was held at Onondaga Valley and Johnson Russell was sent to Albany to explain the situation to Governor Clinton. These measures resulted in the erection of the old block-house, a description and the location of which have been given in an earlier chapter. A committee of public safety was appointed consisting of Moses De Witt, Isaac Van Vleck, Thomas Orman, Simon Phares, and John Danforth. The block house was built by Cornelius Higgins and was finished be- fore the beginning of 1795. It was made of square oak timbers and was surrounded by a high palisade of cedar posts. The building was about twenty feet high and pierced with port holes. The garrison con- sisted of a company of grenadiers, whose headquarters had been at Onondaga Hill. The old block-house was not long used as a military post and subsequently served a more peaceful purpose as a State store- house for salt.
David Brace settled at Salina in 1794 and became prominent in the community, as also did his descendants. His brother, Horace, was an early settler and both were merchants during many years. While still young, David carried the mail on horseback to Oswego, when he had to find his way by the aid of marked trees.
Benajah Byington was prominent among the early salt workers, and spent a great deal of time and money in boring wells on the high ground away from the lake shore. He died February 8, 1854.
Oris Curtis was a pioneer as early, probably, as 1795. He was father of Fisher Curtis, who became quite prominent as a merchant and manufacturer, and was at one period in company with Elisha Alvord in mercantile business; he also had a store on the corner of Free and Spring streets. He was elected first president of Salina village in 1824 and was town clerk in 1810. The family was from Farmington, Conn., the former home of the Alvords. Oris Curtis died at the early age of thirty-eight years on January 23, 1804, and Fisher Curtis died at fifty-one years of age on the 27th of April, 1831.
To supply the household needs of the settlers Benjamin Carpenter opened a store in 1795, in which he traded in furs, trinkets, ammuni- tion, etc., with the Indians, and in general goods with the white fam- ilies. Mr. Carpenter died in Salina and his family removed west. Judge William Stevens, the first salt superintendent, lived at Elbridge prior to 1797, when he removed to Salina, and in association with Mr.
941
THE TOWN OF SALINA.
Gilchrist and Isaac Van Vleck, took the preliminary steps in the year just named for placing a State duty on salt. Mr. Stevens died in 1801. Rial Bingham was the first justice of the peace at Salina, removing there from Three River Point about 1796.
William Kellogg, from Vermont, settled at Salina probably before 1800 and died on the 21st of March, 1819, at the age of sixty years. He was father of Ashbel Kellogg, one of the prominent citizens of the town and an early surveyor, who lived and died on the corner of Bear and Lodi streets. His daughter became the wife of Thomas G. Alvord.
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