USA > New York > Onondaga County > Onondaga's centennial. Gleanings of a century, Vol. II > Part 17
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ville, Obadiah Hubbs; La Fayette, Chester Baker; Lamsons, John H. Lamson ; Little Utica, Loran Dunham; Liverpool, John S. Forger ; Lysander, Chauncey Betts ; Mandana, John S. Fowler; Manlius, Horace Nims: Manlius Center, John Mabee ; Mar- cellus, Elijah Rowley; Marcellus Falls, George P. Herring; Marietta, Alanson Hicks; Mottville, Ezekiel B. Hoyt; Navarino, John T. Gillett; Onondaga, Charles D. Easton ; Onondaga Center, Albion Jackson; Onondaga Valley, A. Pattison; Pompey, C. S. Ball; Pompey Center, Judson Candee; Plainville, B. B. Schenck; Plank Road, Joseph Palmer; Salina, William B. Whitmore; South Marcellus, Caleb N. Potter ; South Onondaga, C. Amidon; Spafford, William W. Legg; Spafford Hollow, Kelly Case; Skaneateles, John Snook, jr .; Syracuse, William Jackson; Tully, George B. Hall; Tully Valley, William Salisbury ; Van Buren, Lyman Peck; Van Buren Center, G. W. Marvin; Vesper, Chester M. Clark; Watervale, William Ely; Wellington, L. Tyler; Windfall, David Preston.
The Western Union Telegraph Company, whose wires now thread the country to carry the element which Benjamin Franklin experi- mented with, with his kite and key, not long before the county was established, had its origin in companies formed as early as 1844, when the first telegraph line was put in operation between Baltimore and Washington. The first line through Central New York was built in 1846, the first office in Syracuse being opened on May 1st of that year. Various other lines have from time to time been constructed by other companies, but the Western Union is now in general control of the telegraph business of the entire United States and Territories, and ex- tends into other countries. Its capital is $100,000,000; its revenites about $24,000,000 annually.
The old and numerous stage lines now constitute only an incident of the early history, yet they once possessed important interest, for pre- vious to the building of the Erie Canal and the Syracuse and Utica Railroad they were the only means of public conveyance. They lined the several turnpikes, particularly the Seneca and Genesee, and crossed the southern as well as the middle part of the county. The coaches were constructed with something of elegance as well as much strength, and were uniformly drawn by four horses, and sometimes, when the roads were heavy, by six. Their model was employed in the con- struction of the first railroad coaches. At convenient points there were relays of horses, and changes were made quickly, the driver not leaving his seat by reason of any connection with the change. The mails were for many years carried by these lines of coaches between Albany and Buffalo, and next to the pride of the captains of the ocean steamers of to day was that of the captains of the canal packet boats of yore and of these stage drivers, and they were in fact men of conse-
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quence. In the years immediately before the beginning of travel by railroad it was not unusual that thirty or forty, and sometimes more, stages passed along the Seneca turnpike in twenty-four hours. In those times, too, United States troops were moved on foot between their stations, and not infrequently was a company or regiment seen plodding along the pike. These stage lines met with much competi- tion from the canal packets, but those which traversed the Seneca and 'Genesee turnpikes, lying parallel with the railroad, were maintained until after the railroad was opened to travel and then they soon disap- peared forever. They were supported on the Cherry Valley and other southern roads until a little later period when they were also discon- tinued. New York was reached in those days by stage to Albany, thence by steamboat; the trip from Syracuse either way would some- times require five or six days, when the roads were bad and the stages frequently stalled. It was at best a hardship to endure the best com- forts which these stage lines provided. They were, however, of the greatest importance to the early settlers everywhere.
A large number of asheries once existed in various parts of the county in which potash was the product. It was generally merchants who entered into the manufacture of it or supplied the wood ashes from which the ash was made. They sent wagons having large boxes about the country to collect ashes, giving in exchange for them prac- tical household articles and calicoes which the drivers carried in boxes under their somewhat exalted seats. The ashes were placed in "leeches," large tubs made expressly for the purpose, with a drain at the bottom, and water being turned upon the ashes at the top the product at the bottom was lye, which being boiled for a sufficient length of time was resolved into potash. This was exchanged every spring and fall in New York for goods. Every family had a leech of its own for making soft soap, by adding the lye to old scraps of fat which had been saved for the purpose. The total product of ashes was of course large, for everybody burned wood and plenty of it. The merchants of those times also bought pork, hams, lard, butter, cheese, flax, etc., exchang- ing these products for goods, paying for them by "barter," for there was but very little money current in those days, and the little " store bills" were almost invariably paid with products of some kind.
New England rum was a staple commodity in the early stores and taverns and its use was very generally indulged in under various physiological theories, not so much for sociability as in later times
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yet almost always offered to a social caller. It was one of the chief causes of occasional disturbances among the Indians, yet even this un- tutored people had sense enough to know the extremes of rioting to which it might take them; and so when a party became possessed of a jug of "firewater" it was their custom to cast lots and thus choose one of their number who should not participate in the carousal to follow, but should be the custodian of all weapons and the " peace captain " of the occasion, to prevent harm to the Indians or to others. Other spirituous beverages came in at a later day, when whisky and tansy were regarded as a universal specific for malarial afflictions, the malady seeming to increase, however, it has been said, after the advent of the remedy. The use of these beverages was not discouraged, neither were they often used to excess, and clergy and laymen gave them like recognition. But the "spirits " of those days were pure. It was not until " high wines " were made nearer by, and spirituous beverages were adulterated, that a specially harmful use was made of them.
The " cold season " has been alluded to in the foregoing pages, the summer of 1816. It was really a disastrous season to agricultural in- terests, for crops were almost wholly destroyed, causing much priva- tion and not a little real suffering. There was a heavy fall of snow in June, sufficient for temporary sleighing, and on the 4th of July ice was formed of considerable thickness. There was at least one frost in every month. The cold in July was so severe that many song birds were frozen to death, the ground in some places under evergreen trees being literally covered with them. Young domestic animals also suf- fered severely, many dying. The phenomenal climatic conditions also affected the health of the people, causing much illness. The inhab- itants did not recover from the disaster for some time. Seeds of all kinds were very scarce, for crops, and also fruit, had been almost en- tirely cut off and seed supplies were mainly obtained at a considerable distance away, where the cold was not so great, and at such cost as was a very serious matter.
The litigation in early years over land titles gave profitable employ- ment to numerous lawyers, not a few of whom accumulated fortunes from their practice. It was the work of many years in many instances to establish titles, especially in cases where the same land had been deeded by the owner to several different purchasers.
There are many people yet living who well remember the canvas- covered, rounded-topped wagons which were so freely used fifty years
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GENERAL SUMMARY.
ago by " western emigrants." They were looked upon as a venture- some class of people who braved serious dangers and great privations that they might acquire western homes. They were pioneers, to be sure, but they pursued easy and comfortable paths when compared with those which the pioneers of Onondaga county trod !
The place of women in the history of Onondaga county is every- where conspicuous, and especially and commendably so in literature. Some have won world-wide distinction in this sphere, while others are widely known for their achievements in both prose and poetry. In re- sponse to the call of Mrs. Florence C. Ives, chief of the New York State Board of Woman Managers, at the Columbian Exposition at Chi- cago in 1893, Mrs. Frances W. Marlette, of Syracuse, prepared a list of the names of such Onondaga women who with the pen had won more or less fame, for filing in the Woman's Columbian Library. Some of these names were accompanied by an enumeration of works and short biographical sketches. This record, with some additions made by the editor of these volumes, is an honor to the county and to the State. "Grace Greenwood," Mrs. Sarah Clark Lippincott, born in Pompey in 1823, is naturally first mentioned, with a list of her many works. Mrs. Matilda Joslyn Gage has probably delivered more ad- dresses on the subject of "Woman's Rights," besides doing a vast amount of writing on this and other subjects, than any other living woman. President Cleveland's sister, Rose Elizabeth, has earned some attention. Others are: Mrs. S. M. Henry-Davis, "The Life and Times of Sir Philip Sidney" (1859), "Norway Nights and Russian Days" (1887); Mrs. Anna Marie Treadwell-Redfield, "Zoological Science, or Nature in Living Forms" (1858); Mrs. Mary Elizabeth Wieting, "Prominent Incidents in the Life of Dr. John M. Wieting, Including His Travels Around the World" (1889); Miss Arria S. Huntington, "Under a Colonial Roof Tree" (1892), "Mazzini and His Message" (quite recently published); Mrs. Catherine Reynolds Pickard, "Peter Still," "The Kidnapped and the Redeemed" (1856); Mrs. Ellen M. Mitchell, "A Study of Greek Philosophy" (1891); Mrs. Josephine Kingsley Brown, "Outlines of Geography," "Keble Tablet"; Mrs. Amelia Royce Bradley, teacher at Manlius in 1831, missionary to Siam, prepared a dictionary of the Siamese language, a volume of hymns, a geography, grammar, and arithmetic and religious tracts in the Siam- ese language; Mrs. Izora C. S. Chandler, "Methodist Episcopalianism" (1889), "Anthe" (1886); Miss Jessie Hurd (aged ten years), "Hol.
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Horton's Good Fortunes" (1886); Mrs. Anna C. Maltbie, "Gathered Records" (1874), "A Rescript of Treadwell and Platt Genealogy"; Miss Caroline M. Congdon, "The Guardian Angel and other Poems" (1856); Miss Mary Elizabeth Beauchamp, "The Emigrant's Quest" (1867), "Handbook of Wells Cathedral" (1856); Mrs. Anna Manning Comfort, M. D., "Woman's Education and Woman's Health," chiefly in reply to "Sex in Education" (1874); Mrs. Ellen M. Lockwood, "Family Prayers" (1890); Mrs. Celeste Bostwick Fuller, "The Child of the Cov- enant," a memorial sketch of Caroline Mary Fuller (1880), "The Li- brarian," compiled by Celeste Parmalee Bostwick (1858); Mrs. Marcelia Ward Hall, "Orthoepy Made Easy " (1888); Miss Alice Edwards Durs- ton, under the nom de plume "Dame Durdin," "Mabel Howard"; Miss Clara French, "The Dramatic Action and Motive of King John," with a memorial sketch of the writer (1892); Mrs. Ellen E. Dickinson, "New Light on Mormonism," with an introduction by Thurlow Weed (1885), "King's Daughters"; Mrs. Helen Hiscock Backus with Miss Helen Dawes Brown, "Great English Writers"; Miss Emily Chubbuck Jud- son ("Fanny Forrester"), twelve miscellaneous works; Miss Rosemary Baum, a play entitled "That Box of Cigarettes," and other plays, some in the hands of publishers; Miss Margaret Hicks Volkmann, "Text Book to the Illustrations of the History of Art," a translation from the German; Mrs. Elizabeth Carter McCarthy, "Translation of the Spirit of Education," by M. C. Abbe, Amable Beesau (1881); Miss Emma C. Welch, "Intermediate Problems in Arithmetic"; Miss Mary A. A. Dawson, "Puzzles and Oddities"; Mary E. Duncan (Mrs. J. C. Whit- ford), "The Chautauqua Booklet Calendar"; Mrs. John Lawrence, a dramatization of "The Scarlet Letter"; Mrs. Francesca Cleveland Fuller, "Major Hall's Wife"; Mrs. James M. Belden (Jennie Van Zile Belden), "Fate at the Door"; Caroline M. Congdon, who died in Otisco, aged eighteen, various writings of merit, particularly "Guard- ian Angels"; Mrs. Anna Bagg Halliday, many beautiful poems; Mrs. Irene Baumgras Hale, newspaper articles on standard subjects; Miss Martha C. Gifford, historical romances, and articles of fact for maga- zines; Mrs. Bessie J. Sherlock, who, under a nom de plume, wrote many stories; Mrs. Eureka Lawrence Hood, "Life at the Snowball House," and stories in standard publications ; Mrs. Elizabeth Thompson, a highly cultured newspaper correspondent, known in Syracuse as "Chinqui- pin"; Mrs. L. C. Chandler, also a gifted correspondent to religious and secular newspapers; Mrs. Fannie Freeman, a popular contributor to cur-
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rent literature; Mrs. Mary R. Bagg, one of the most vigorous and original writers; Mrs. Phila Case Thomas, "Nobody's Child," of which more than a million copies have been sold, and many sketches and poems in magazines; Miss Jennie Chapin, historical, poetical, and journalistic; Miss Harriet May Mills, letters, history, and art, and gifted in oratory; others are Miss Jessie Mann, Miss Sarah Otis, Mrs. P. H. Agan, Mrs. Le Roy Vernon, Mrs. Ethel Curtis, Mrs. Eliza Law- rence Jones, Miss Frances Dillaye, Mrs. Phoebe Teall Gardner, Mrs. Ruth Huntington Sessions, Mrs. Harriet Jones, Mrs. Amelia F. Barney, Mrs. Mary C. Collin, Mrs. Elizabeth E. Gillette, Mrs. Adelia H. W. Slingerland, Mrs. Harriet D. Wilkin, Mrs. Martha Bridgeman Wright, Mrs. Emma R. Merriam, Miss Sarah Wilkinson, Mrs. Charlotte Birds- eye Miller, Mrs. Isabella Carter Rhoades, A. M., Mrs. Grace Lanckton, Mrs. Henry Daboll, Mrs. Laura Carpenter, Mrs. William S. Andrews, Miss Mary L. Spalding, Mrs. Joseph Seymour, Mrs. Helen M. Curtis, Miss Sarah J. Underwood, Mrs. Eliza Ostrander Jewell, Mrs. Lonise Benson, Mrs. Sarah Sumner Teall, Mrs. Helen Leslie Gage, Mrs. Erminie Smith, Mrs. Amelia Chapman George, Miss Hattie Buell, Miss Noble, Miss Susan D. Nearing. Mrs. Elizabeth T. Porter-Beach, of Skaneateles, wrote an epic, which brought to her honors from the queen of Spain. At the Pompey reunion in 1871, Flora, aged thirteen, daughter of Mrs. C. C. Butterfield, a cousin of Grace Greenwood, read a short and meritorious poem "To the Guests from Abroad." Mrs. Emily Judd-Law gained considerable prominence at one time by her contributions in prose and poetry to leading magazines. Almira
Campbell who died in Pompey in 1823, aged twenty-two, wrote a number of very bright poems. Mrs. Esther Parsons, who came from Massachusetts into Pompey not later than 1802, left a number of poems in manuscript, which were published in a Boston news- paper. Mrs. Charlotte Aberdien, who settled in Marcellus or Skan- eateles, was a contributor to the Knickerbocker Magazine. There were writers of some renown connected with the Onondaga Academy in its earlier days, but their names and proof of their work are not now at hand. Not so many men as women have attained prominence in the field of literature, even if the professions are all very largely represented. From this list the clergy, as a class, are excluded, and also lawyers, and the educators, though all have more or less to do with literature. Only those who have published books or standard writings have a place here, and the names of all those cannot be recalled. The Right Rev-
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erend Frederic D. Huntington, Bishop of the Diocese of Central New York, is doubtless the most prolific author; his books and writings are counted by scores. Of those of earlier times, Wyllys Gaylord, then of Otisco, perhaps leads all the rest. He was an invalid most of his life, and occupied much of his time in the writing of articles on medical and scientific subjects for the magazines and other publications which attracted very wide attention. He also wrote a history of the war of 1812, but it was never published and is still in the possession of some of his descendants. Wyllys and Lewis Gaylord Clark, twins, and cousins of Mr. Gaylord, became conspicuous for their positions and productions. It was while Wyllys was editor of the Philadelphia Ga- zette that he wrote the "Ollapodiana Papers" and published them in the Knickerbocker Magazine of which his brother was editor. Both were also noted for their very remarkable memories, either of whom could reproduce a sermon or speech from memory with surprising ac- curacy. William Ray, for a time an editor at Onondaga Hill, was a poet of some renown, and William H. Catliff, of Elbridge, published a small volume of poetical descriptions of "Life in a New Settlement." Thurlow Weed added some literary work to his usual routine of labor, and J. V. H. Clark made for himself a lasting reputation by his " On- ondaga; or Reminiscences of Earlier and Later Times," in two vol- umes (1849). Mr. Clark was a devoted historian and not only a cor- respondent of the New York Historical Society but of several others. He was exceedingly painstaking in his work. The Rev. Anson G. Ches- ter, though not born in the county, was for some years a resident, published much prose and poetry in magazines and newspapers, and John F. Seymour, born in Pompey, but who spent his life in Utica, was the author of considerable choice and popular literature. Homer D. L. Sweet published a book of his own poetical writings, which is mentioned as a fact rather than for its finish. A Judd Northrup has written two popular books, "Camps and Tramps in the Adirondacks" and "'Sconset Cottage Life: a Summer on Nantucket Island." He has also done much literary work, besides completing the genealogy of his family, embracing seven or eight thousand names. Vivus W. Smith, and his son, Carroll E., have both shown fine literary cul- ture in many happy ways. The Rev. Samuel J. May was one of the foremost writers as well as speakers on the subject of the abolishment of slavery, and his successor in the pulpit, the Rev. Samuel R. Calthrop, has contributed a vast amount of matter to literary journals. Professor
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George F. Comfort, late Dean of the College of Fine Arts of Syracuse, is an Onondagan by adoption; he has written numerous text books and educational publications of standard importance, besides being a free contributor to magazines and representative newspapers. Andrew D. White has written a small library, and almost constantly has new books in press. His historical work is standard throughout the world. He stands pre eminent as a litterateur. The Rev. Dr. W. M. Beauchamp of Baldwinsville is an authority on local Indian history and the author of much historical knowledge on this and kindred subjects to which, aside from the pastoral work he has performed, he has devoted much of his life. James Manning Bronson, a leading editorial writer of The Syracuse Herald since November, 1892, inherits and has acquired the best of literary talent; he comes from a New England family which for a century has been prominent in letters, theology, law and states- manship. His mother, daughter of the Rev. Dr. Jeremiah Chaplin, the founder and first president of Colby University, was the author of the well-known " Rainy Day " stories for children. Mr. Bronson springs from the Bronsons and Jeremiah O'Brien of Revolutionary times. His ambition was to become proficient in law, but after brief practice he disliked and abandoned it for journalism in which he has been and still is successful. He was connected as an editorial writer with the New York press before he came to Syracuse. He had won for himself the very strong commendation of cultured people in the East by his poet- ical writings before he came to Syracuse to establish his home perma- nently, and since he became connected with the Herald he has occa- sionally delighted its intelligent readers with brilliant flashes of his poetic genius, and from time to time contributed valuable special ar- ticles on special subjects over the initials "J. M. B." He is shortly to publish a book of his poems. He is not yet forty years old; his future is indeed full of rare promise. John Albro was peculiarly gifted in versatile versification, being a free contributor to the newspapers. In his later years he published a volume of serious poems, which met with much favor. He was also a successful writer of humorous prose. No man in the county, and but few any where, has had as much experience in historical writing as H. Perry Smith, who has come to be an authority in several counties. He has in this way employed his time for many years, always faithfully and earnestly. Before this he wrote the " Babes in the Woods " (illustrated), an interesting story of the Adirondacks; "Syracuse and its Surroundings " (illustrated), and
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an illustrated sketch of the founding and first decade of Oakwood Cemetery. He has done much biographical work, and is a well-trained journalist of early experiences. He has also been a popular writer of poetry, and in 1879 a volume of his best productions was published under the title "A Summer Picture." A limited edition was issued for private circulation only. Edwin R. Wallace has the distinction of not only having made the first " Guide to the Adirondacks," but also the best one, for the public has long esteemed it as being a standard guide, con- pelling it to pass through many and frequent editions until it has become as attractive in its illustrations as it is reliable in its text. Mr. Wallace has been a dealer in books and a book-worm all his life. C. W. Bardeen, publisher of the School Bulletin, is a widely-known author, his books and writings being on educational affairs. The Rev. Mr. Cusick, an On- ondaga Indian, is the author and publisher of an interesting volume devoted to the Indians, containing much matter which is entirely original. S. Gurney Strong, city editor of the Syracuse Sunday Times, is the author of "Early Landmarks of Syracuse," in which much his- toric matter of value is preserved in good form. George Barrow, of Skaneateles, was once an excellent contributor of fiction and facts to standard magazines, particularly the Atlantic, and would have made for himself an enviable reputation if he had pursued a literary life. M. F. Hand left "From a Wilderness to a City," a valuable contribu- tion to the preserved history of the city. Professor Willard Fiske, next to Bishop Huntington and Andrew D. White, has had the most brilliant literary career of any Onondagan, and in some respects he is at least the peer of either, particularly in his acquirement of Scan- dinavian languages, in which he is an acknowledged and oft-quoted authority. Forbes Heermans is the author of several popular books and numerous successful plays. He devotes all his time to literary work and enjoys a wide acquaintance among litterateurs. R. R. Ray- mond was also well known in literature. Another of the foremost poets and highly-cultured litterateurs not only of this county but the whole country, is Richard Edwin Day, who was born April 27, 1852, at West Granby, Oswego county, N. Y. He spent the years until his majority on his father's farm, and taught district schools for several terms. Preparing for college at Falley Seminary, Fulton, he entered Syracuse University in 1873, and graduated in 1877, taking the degree of A. B. After graduation he engaged for a time in post-graduate work, mostly in metaphysics, and for a year or two he was principal of
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GENERAL SUMMARY.
Martin Institute, at Martinsburg, N. Y. In 1879 Mr. Day became assistant editor of the Northern Christian Advocate, a position which he held nearly a year and a half; and in November, 1880, he became associate editor and literary editor of the Syracuse Standard. Literary work has occupied most of his leisure moments for many years; and he has published four books of verse: "Lines in the Sand" (1878), "Thor; A Lyrical Drama " (1880), "Lyrics and Satires" (1883), and " Poems" (1888). These works have all received very strong com- mendation from the best independent critics in magazines and else- where. He has twice been the convention poet of his college fraternity. Mr. Day was married April 22, 1880, to Frances E. Northrop, of Mar- tinsburg, N. Y. Prof. Frank Smalley, an ornament to Syracuse Uni- versity, is a devoted student of literature, his most conspicuous evi- dences of which are several scholarly editions of Roman authors. Alfred Wilkinson is the author of numerous articles on legal and scientific subjects, and the able editor of forty volumes of Reports of Decisions of the Court of Appeals, works necessary in every law library. William Cowie, though never having published a book of his poetical writings, has a sufficient number of them to make a choice volume, many of them being of rare 'Scottish construction. Charles De B. Mills has contributed a large quantity of very scholarly writings on various subjects, chief among which, perhaps, are his books on Mythology and Oriental religions. May the name of the Editor of the " Memorial History of Syracuse," and of these volumes, be mod- estly added to the list? If any omission in the foregoing shall be dis- covered, let the explanation be found in faulty recollection, or want of information, for every effort has been made, without much data to refer to-the publication being quite original-to make the list com- plete.
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