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REYNOLDS HISTORICAL GENEALOGY COLLECTION
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Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2015
https://archive.org/details/ourcountyitspeop00ande_0
OUR COUNTY AND ITS PEOPLE
A
DESCRIPTIVE AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD OF
SARATOGA COUNTY
NEW YORK
Gc 974,701 PREPARED AND PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUSPICES OF Sala
THE SARATOGIAN
-
THE BOSTON HISTORY COMPANY, PUBLISHERS
1899
1408278
PREFACE.
To record all the interesting events transpiring in a county so rich in history as Saratoga; to note the development of all its industries, to follow the career of each of its various institutions, would be impossible in a single volume. In "Our County and Its People" it has been the aim of the writer and those associated with him to preserve for future generations a record of such occurrences as will tend to illustrate the development of the community along its various lines, and to leave un - written many of the minor details in this story of development which, however interesting they might prove to a few individuals in each locality, are not of sufficient importance to the county at large or even to a large portion of the population of any town or village.
It has also been the plan to carry the history of the county as a whole down through the various periods of its existence, with simply a gazetteer of the towns-wherein this work differs from most local historical publications.
The chapter dealing with the battles fought in Saratoga county during the war of the Revolution, and the history of the Saratoga monument and the Saratoga Monument Association, have been revised by Mrs. Ellen Hardin Walworth of Saratoga Springs, the highest local authority on Revolutionary history ; and the chapter on the Bench and Bar of Saratoga county has been revised by the Hon. John R. Putnam of the New York Supreme Court. The invaluable assistance rendered by these distinguished persons contributes to give to this work a stand- ing which should guarantee for it not only a hearty reception on the part of the large number of persons who have shown an interest in its compilation, but also should cause it to be recognized, in these partic- ulars at least, as the most valuable historical work which has ever been laid before the inhabitants of Saratoga county.
The compiler of "Our County and Its People" further desires to
iv
PREFACE.
acknowledge the services of Ianthus G. Johnson, M. D., of Greenfield Centre, George R. Moore of Mechanicville, Major James W. Lester and Captain Frederick M. Waterbury of Saratoga Springs, Captain John D. Rogers of Round Lake, Edward F. Grose, James L. Scott, David Frisbie and William Spencer of Ballston Spa, James T. Sweet- man, M. D., of Charlton, the various town and village clerks, officers of various societies, principals of the leading schools, the pastors of the churches, the editors of the county newspapers and others who have contributed to the success of the undertaking by the great volume of information which they have supplied. Among the references em- ployed in the preparation of the work we desire to give full credit to N. B. Sylvester's History of Saratoga County (1878); Enos R. Mann's History of the Bench and Bar of Saratoga County (1876); O'Callaghan's Documentary Colonial History of New York; Reports of the Adjutant- General of the State of New York; Hon. George G. Scott's historical address delivered at Ballston Spa July 4, 1876; Jeptha R. Simms's Bor- der Wars of New York (1845); William L. Stone's Reminiscences of Saratoga and Ballston (1880); David Cusick's Ancient History of the Six Nations; French's Gazetteer of New York; Centennial Celebrations of the State of New York, and numerous other works. Material for the sketches in the biographical department has been gleaned by agents of the publishers, and the matter as prepared has been reviewed by those persons best able to guarantee its accuracy.
Doubtless some mistakes will be found in the succeeding pages; but as all statements of more than ordinary importance, and those regard- ing which serious questions have arisen, have been referred to the best authorities accessible, the volume is submitted in the belief that it will be found to be, on the whole, a trustworthy record of the origin and development of the county and the doings of its inhabitants.
GEORGE BAKER ANDERSON.
Ballston Spa, N. Y., September 1, 1898.
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER I.
Organization of Saratoga County-Its Geography and Topography -Its Rivers, Lakes and Mountains-Geological Formation-Original Patents Embraced Entirely or Partly Within the Limits of the County-Origin of the Word "Saratoga"-Railroads and Canals-Organization of the Districts and Towns 1-12
CHAPTER II.
The Indian Occupancy of the Territory now Known as Saratoga County-The Great Iroquois Confederacy and the Mohawks, Its Most Ferocious Nation- Their Wars Against Other Tribes-The Famous Hunting Grounds of the Mohawks, Sarah-to-ga and Kay-ad-ros-sera-Sale of Both Properties to the White Men 12-20
CHAPTER III.
The French and Indian Wars-The Frequent Incursions of the French from Canada Into the Land of the Mohawks-Saratoga County a Bloody Battle Ground-The Iroquois and English Ever on Friendly Terms-Fate of Father Isaac Jogues-The Massacre at Schenectady-Battles in Saratoga County- The Old Saratoga Massacre-The Final Struggle-Sir William Johnson's Campaign-Fort George, Fort William Henry, Ticonderoga and Crown Point .20-30
CHAPTER IV.
Settlements in Saratoga County Prior to the War of the Revolution-The Ear- liest Permanent Settlement Made Along the Banks of the Hudson North of Half Moon Point, and Across the River from Schenectady -- The March of Progress Northward Along the Hudson-Some of the Early Pioneers_ __ 30-47
vi
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER V.
EDITED BY MRS. ELLEN HARDIN WALWORTH.
Events Leading up to the Famous Campaign of 1777, Made by Gen. John Bur- goyne-His Magnificent Army-General Schuyler in Command of the Northern Army -- His Futile Attempts to Get Reinforcements -- Burgoyne Takes Forts Ticonderoga and Independence-Baum's Expedition against Bennington -- Defeated by Gen. John Stark -- British Failure at Fort Stanwix -- Schuyler Superseded by Gates -- The Battles of Saratoga -- Death of the Valiant Frazer-Arnold's Gallant, though Unauthorized, Victory -- Bur- goyne's Surrender 47-64
CHAPTER VI.
The Attack on the Ballston Settlement by Munroe and His Band of Tories and Indians-Capture of Col. James Gordon and Others and Their Imprison- ment in Canada-Escape of the Captives and Their Return to Their Homes -The Invasion Under the Command of Joseph Bettys, the Notorious Rene- gade-His Valiant Services to the American Government-Piqued at Being Unrewarded for His Valor, He Turns Spy in the Service of the British-His Capture-Tried and Executed as a Spy-Major Mitchell's Peril-End of the War 65-75
CHAPTER VII.
Condition of the Pioneers at the Close of the Revolutionary War -- Many Homes Devastated, and Many Families Bereft of Their Means of Support-Slow Progress of Civilization in the County During the War-Development of the Various Communities from the War Period to the Close of the Eighteenth Century-The March of Civilization Northward Along the Valley of the Hudson-Some of the Early Inhabitants of the Various Towns, and Their Share in the Development and Prosperity of the County 75-123
CHAPTER VIII.
The Division of the Districts Comprised Within the Limits of the County and the Organization of the Early Towns-Erection of the County of Saratoga- The First Courts-First County, State and Federal Officials-Erection of the First Court House-The Northern Canal, Known as "Schuyler's Ditch "- The First Newspaper, One Hundred Years Ago, and the First Books Printed in the County-Other Events Transpiring Prior to the Year 1800 124-130
vii
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER IX.
FROM 1800 to 1831.
History of the County from the Beginning of the Nineteenth Century to the Con- struction of the First Steam Railroad within its Borders-Wonderful Devel- opment of Saratoga Springs and Ballston Spa -- Gideon Putnam and His Beneficent Labors-Early Hotels at the Springs-Some of the More Impor- tant Manufactures -- Water Power of the Kayaderosseras-Churches Estab- lished in the County During this Period-History of the Erie and Champlain Canals-Semi-Centennial Celebrations of 1826-County Medical Society and County Bible Society -- Men who Served as Officers in the Early Militia __ 131-175
CHAPTER X.
Construction of the Railroad from Schenectady to Saratoga Springs, the First in Saratoga County-The Rensselaer and Saratoga Road Built Soon After- Rivalry Between the Two Concerns -- Other Roads Merged in the Rensselaer and Saratoga -- All Pass Under the Control of the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company-The Old Albany, Vermont and Canada-The Adirondack -- The Fitchburg and the Mount McGregor Lines -- Projected Lines Which Were Never Constructed-Modern Electric Railways in Saratoga County_176-184
CHAPTER XI.
Second Period of the Century, 1831 to the War of the Rebellion-Days of Great Prosperity of Saratoga Springs-Reconstruction of the Early Hotels and the Building of Many Handsome New Ones-Dr. Clark's Waterworks Sys- tem-Banks, Churches and Schools -- Foundation of Temple Grove Seminary -Societies Organized -- The Numerous and Important Manufactures of Ballston Spa Established During this Period-The Ballston Spa National Bank -- Religious and Secret Societies -- Academies, Schools and Churches Throughout the County-The Development of the Water Power of the Hud- son and the Kayaderosseras 184-216
CHAPTER XII.
Participation of Saratoga County in the War of the Rebellion-The Seventy- Seventh and Thirtieth Regiments of Infantry and Their Career During the War-Morgan H. Chrysler's Second Veteran Cavalry-The One Hundred and Fifteenth-Other Regiments in which Inhabitants of the County Fought -- Officers of the Seventy-Seventy and Thirtieth, with Promotions. Dis- charges, Resignations and Deaths-Names of the Men from Saratoga County Who Fought in the War, and the Towns Which Furnished Them 216-272
viii
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER XIII.
The Latter Years of the County's History, and the Causes of Its Prosperity Since the Days of the Civil War-The Development of the Older Industries and the Establishment of New Ones-The Manufacturing Centres-New Churches -Growth of the Educational System-Newspapers, Past and Present-Fi- nancial Institutions-Some of the Leading Public Institutions-Clubs, So- cieties, etc.,-Centennial Celebrations of 1876 and 1877-Anniversaries of the Battle of Bemis Heights and the Surrender of General Burgoyne-The Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument at Ballston Spa-Death of General U. S. Grant-Other Happenings of Interest 272-312
CHAPTER XIV.
The War with Spain, and the Participation of Saratoga County Therein-En- listment of the Twenty-second Separate Co. of Saratoga Springs-Assigned to the Second New York Provisional Regiment-Its Gradual Movement to Hempstead Plains, L. I., Thence to Chickamauga Park and Tampa, Fla .- Promotions in the Regiment-Those Who Volunteered-Others from This County Who Volunteered in Other Commands-Relief Measures-The One Hundred and Twenty-second Separate Company 313-329
CHAPTER XV.
GAZETTEER OF TOWNS 329-390
'CHAPTER XVI.
The Discovery and Development of the Celebrated Mineral Springs of Saratoga County-High Rock, "the Medicine Spring of the Great Spirit," First Seen by a French Officer-Sir William Johnson's Visit - George Washington, Philip Schuyler and Joseph Bonaparte Also Early Visitors-Analysis of the Principal Springs of Saratoga-Discovery of the First Spring at Ballston Spa in 1711-Development of the Resort-Saratoga Gains the Lead as a Resort and Holds it-Analysis of the Ballston Springs 390-410
CHAPTER XVII.
REVISED BY HON. JOHN R. PUTNAM.
History of the Bench and Bar of Saratoga County-The Early Courts of the County and the Changes in Them Wrought by the Revised Constitutions- First Sessions of the Original Courts-Building of the First Court House at Court House Hill-Destroyed by Fire-The First Court House at Ballston Spa-The Modern Structure-Leading Lawyers of the Early Days of the Century-Men in the Profession Who Have Become Eminent 410-440
ix
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER XVIII.
THE MEDICAL PROFESSION 440-455
CHAPTER XIX.
CIVIL LIST AND STATISTICS 455-478 '
PART II.
BIOGRAPHICAL.
Ainsworth, Seymour 515
Hamilton, Theodore Frank 511
Anderson, John K., Dr. .565
Hanson, William Hendricks 527
Anthony, Joshua. 579
Hay, William. 526
Barbour, Oliver L. 533
Horton, James W. 570
Batcheller Family, The
550
Houghton, James W. 514
Beach, William A. 518
Howe, John W. 539
Bellinger, Peter Dr. 579
Bockes, Angustus 513
Jenkins, Benjamin R. 584
Brady, Edward M., Rev. 576
Lester, Charles Cooke
563
Brennan, Joseph P. 572
Bullard, Daniel A. 522
Bullard, Daniel A., 2d
525
Bullard, Edward C.
524
Burke, John H.
544
McKittrick, William Henry, Capt,,
534
Cady, Clifford E.
568
Carey, Joseph, Rev.
566
McNair, Frederick P., Lieut.
555
Closson, C. S.
564
McNulty, William Douglass 577
Martin, William M. 552
Cook, Ransom 541
507
Marvin, Thomas J. 502
583
Crane, John W
569
Murray, Byron J., Dr. 542
Newell. Hiram 530
Davidson, Lucretia and Margaret
553
Perry, John L., Dr. 519
Davison, Charles Mason
532
Porter, John K. 505
Davison, Gideon M.
547
Porter, Joshua, Dr. 553
Delaney, William J. 538
Putnam, John R.
420
De Ridder, John Henry 537
Redmond, William J. 535
Sackett, William A. 499
Earley, James 570
Schuyler, Harmanus 545
Ellsworth, Ephraim E., Col. 240
Scott, James Lee 508
Sherman, Rav S. 582
Snyder, Michael P. 558
French, Winsor Brown 493
Steel, John H., Dr. 549
Gage, William B. 518
Strang, Edward H. 550
546
McDonough, Bernard J., Rev.
535
McKean, James B.
531
McNair, A. R.
554
Comstock, George F., Dr. 516
Marvin, James M. 504
Cowen, Esek
538
Cramer, John.
Masten, Jeremiah.
Curtis, Warren 575
Hill, Nicholas 505
Brackett, Edgar T. 498
L'Amoreaux, Jesse S. 574
Lester, Charles Smith 561
McCarty, R. H., Dr.
Deuell. Edward Valencourt, Dr. 511
Farrow, Edwin 581
Finley, Thomas 582
x
CONTENTS.
Sutfin, Ransom
559
Warren, William L. F. 545
Taylor, John W
517
Wayland, Francis, Rev. 547 West, George 528
Thompson Family, The
481
Todd, Edward R
578
Wiggins, Peter V. 550
Tompkins, Hiram
506
Willard, John 521
Turpit, George F.
578
Willcox, Albert O. 548
Varney, Miles Egbert, Dr.
571
Worden, William W.
560
Walton, Henry
531
Young, Jesse 584
Walworth, Reuben Hyde
490
Young, Samuel, Col.
509
PART III.
PERSONAL REFERENCES 1-176
INDEXES:
GENERAL
177-198
BIOGRAPHICAL 198
PERSONAL REFERENCES
199-203
PORTRAITS 203
PORTRAITS.
Anthony, Joshua facing 579
Farrow, Edwin facing 581
Bellinger, Peter, Dr
facing 341
Finley, Thomas facing 582
Brackett, Edgar T. facing 436
French, Winsor Brown facing 438
Brady, Edward M., Rev facing 576
Gage, William B. facing 518
Brennan, Joseph P. facing 572
Hamilton, Theodore Frank facing 437
Bullard, Daniel A. facing 522 00 00 00 00 Bullard, Daniel A., 2d facing 525
Hanson, William Hendricks. facing 527
Bullard, Edward C. facing 524
Howe, John W. facing 288
Burke, John H. facing 544
Jenkins, Benjamin R. facing 276
Cady, Clifford E.
facing 381
L'Amoreaux, Jesse S. facing 574
Cary, Joseph, Rev.
facing 137
Lester, Charles Cooke facing 296
Closson, C. S.
facing 564
Lester, Charles Smith facing 433
Comstock, George F., Dr. facing 449
McCarty, R. H., Dr. facing 546
Curtis, Warren facing 368
McDonough, Bernard J., Rev. facing 197
Davison, Charles Mason
facing 532
McKittrick, William H., Capt. facing 237
Delaney, William J.
facing 538
McNair, Frederick P., Lieut. facing 555
De Ridder, John Henry facing 290 McNulty, William Douglass __ facing 577
Deuell, Edward V., Dr. facing 448
Martin, William M. facing 552
Marvin, James M. facing 504 Earley, James facing 570
Houghton, James W. facing 439
xi
CONTENTS.
Marvin, Thomas J.
facing 428
Thompson, James 487
Masten, Jeremiah
facing 583
Thompson, John W. facing 36
Murray, Byron J., Dr.
facing 451
Todd, Edward R.
facing 578
Newell, Hiram
facing 530
Tompkins, Hiram
facing 506
Perry. John L .. Dr. facing 519
Turpit, George F. facing 360
Putnam, John R.
facing 421
Varney, Miles Egbert, Dr. facing 450
Sackett, William A.
facing 499
Walworth, Reuben Hyde.
facing 417
Scott, James Lee.
facing 508
West, George
facing 273
Sherman, Ray S.
facing 366
Willcox, Albert O.
facing 548
Snyder, Michael P.
facing 558
Worden, William W.
facing 560
Strang, Edward H.
facing 355
Sutfin, Ransom
facing 348
Young, Jesse facing 584
OUR COUNTY AND ITS PEOPLE.
CHAPTER I.
Organization of Saratoga County-Its Geography and Topography-Its Rivers, Lakes and Mountains-Geological Formation-Original Patents Embraced Entirely or Partly Within the Limits of the County-Origin of the Word "Saratoga "-Rail- roads and Canals-Organization of the Districts and Towns.
The original ten counties of what is now the State of New York were created November 1, 1683, by the English Colonial Government and named New York, Kings, Queens, Suffolk, Richmond, Westchester, Orange, Ulster, Dutchess and Albany. The British Government con- firmed the act of the Colonial Government October 1, 1691. By these acts the county of Albany embraced "the manor of Rensselaerwyck, Schenectady, and all the villages, neighborhoods, and Christian planta- tions on the east side of Hudson's River, from Roeloffe Jansen's Creek ; and on the west side, from Sawyer's Creek to the outermost end of Saraghtoga."1 Tryon and Charlotte counties were taken from Albany county in 1772, Columbia in 1786, Rensselaer and Saratoga in 1791, a part of Schoharie in 1795, a part of Greene in 1800 and Schenectady in 1809. The date of the legal formation of Saratoga county was Febru- ary 7, 1791.
Saratoga county lies in the north angle formed by the junction of the Mohawk and Hudson rivers. It is centrally distant thirty-one miles from Albany, and has an area of eight hundred and sixty-two square miles. It is bounded on the north by Warren county, on the east by Washington and Rensselaer, on the south by Albany and Schenectady and on the west by Montgomery, Fulton and Hamilton. Until about a score of years ago it was essentially an agricultural county; but dur .
1 The manor of Livingston was annexed to Dutchess county May 27, 1717, and by subsequent statutes the county of Albany was also made to comprise everything within the colony of New York north and west of the present limits of the county, and at one time the whole of Vermont.
1
$
2
OUR COUNTY AND ITS PEOPLE.
ing the last two decades of the nineteenth century, the development of a considerable number and variety of manufactures within its borders, principally in its most populous villages, has placed it in the rank of leading manufacturing as well as agricultural counties of the Empire State.
The topography of Saratoga county is easily described. In the south its surface is for the most part gently undulating, though compara- tively level along the Hudson valley and in other places. The northern half of the county is very hilly and mountainous. Two ranges of mountains, from eight hundred to one thousand feet high, traverse the county from northeast to southwest.
The eastern and southern range is known as the Palmerton moun- tains.1 This range enters Saratoga county from Warren county, and extends through the western parts of the towns of Moreau and Wilton, and the eastern part of Corinth into Greenfield, where it terminates in a series of low, irregular hills sloping toward the south. This range extends into Saratoga Springs and terminates at the Congress Springs. Broadway ascends the slope of the southernmost hill in the chain, and Judge Hilton's park includes its summit. On the northern border of the county the Hudson river-at that point a narrow, rapidly flowing and most picturesque stream-forces its way through this range in a deep ravine three miles in extent. From the river's banks the rugged mountains rise precipitously to a height of eight hundred feet. As a rule the elevations of this range have steep and rocky sides, with broad, rough uplands covered with forests. In late years, however, much of the forest land has been denuded.
The northern range extends through the towns of Corinth, Edin- burgh, Day and Hadley, and is known as the Kayaderosseras range. As a rule the declivities of these mountains are precipitous, and their summits spread out into broad, rocky uplands broken by ledges and craggy peaks. The Kayaderosseras range extends also through the towns of Providence, Galway and Charlton to the Mohawk, where it confronts the northern slopes of the Helderbergs that rise on the other side of the valley.
Through the western part of Stillwater and Saratoga extend a group of isolated hills-the most conspicuous of which is Snake hill, a prom- ontory on the eastern shore of Saratoga lake-some of which are four hundred and fifty feet high, having rounded summits and terraced de-
1 Sometimes also called the Luzerne mountains.
3
TOPOGRAPHY.
clivities. Along the Hudson extends a broad intervale, bordered by a range of clay bluffs from forty to two hundred feet in height. From the summits of these bluffs an extensive sand plain extends westward to the foot of the mountains, covering the greater part of the towns of Moreau, Wilton, Northumberland, Saratoga Springs and a small por- tion of Milton and Ballston. The southwestern part of the county is rolling or moderately hilly, well watered and, for the most part, quite fertile.
The Hudson river flows for nearly seventy miles along the entire eastern and northeastern boundaries of the county. Falls, some ex- tremely picturesque, interrupt its course at frequent intervals, and several dams and many bridges cross its water. The High Falls are situated just below the great easterly bend of the river in the north- west part of the town of Moreau. The water flows in a series of rapids for three-quarters of a mile over a declining rocky bottom, and then rushes through the narrow gorge for a quarter of a mile, at the bottom of which it plunges down a nearly perpendicular descent of sixty feet. The ledge of gneiss over which it falls is convex in form, and the water is thereby broken in perfect sheets of snow white foam. A few rods above the last leap of the water, and where it rushes with the greatest velocity, the river may be spanned by a plank thirteen feet in length. At Glens Falls, which occur about three miles above the great southerly bend in the river, in the northwest part of Moreau, the river falls over a broad shelving rock, the total descent being about fifty feet. The beauty of this fall is greatly enhanced by two natural piers of black limestone standing upon the edge of the precipice, which break the fall into three channels. These two are the greatest falls in that section of the Hudson traversing the eastern boundary of the county.
The eastern half of the southern boundary of the county runs through the centre of the Mohawk river. The Sacandaga river, the principal outlet of the largest lakes in the southern part of Hamilton county, winds its tortuous way sluggishly through Edinburgh, Day and Had. ley, emptying its waters into those of the Hudson at Hadley. The stream is navigable for boats of light draft from Northampton, on the border of Fulton county, to Conklingville Falls in Hadley, a distance of twenty miles, but in recent years has seldom been navigated. During the Revolutionary war the inhabitants of the town of Edinburgh, fear- ing that the British troops might attempt to ascend the river, placed a heavy chain across the river, but the British never made the anticipated
4
OUR COUNTY AND ITS PEOPLE.
attempt. Below the Conklingville Falls the river flows in a series of rapids, between high, rocky hills, until it reaches the Hudson. Kay- aderosseras creek drains the central part part of the county, emptying into Saratoga lake. The water of the lake, in turn, finds its way into the Hudson through Fish creek, which crosses the town of Saratoga. The Mourning Kill rises in the southwestern part of the county, and running easterly empties into the Kayaderosseras a short distance be- low Ballston. Eel-Place creek, or Aal Plass Kill, rises near the head- waters of Anthony's Kill, west of Ballston lake, and runs southerly into the Mohawk a few miles below Schenectady. Gordon creek, Shen- andahorah creek, Anthony's Kill, Snook Kill and Glowegee creek are the other principal streams.
There are several lakes and large ponds in the county. Some of the former are beautiful sheets of clear water, on whose shores are located popular summer resorts. Among these are Saratoga lake, Round lake and Ballston lake. Saratoga lake is located in the towns of Saratoga Springs, Saratoga, Stillwater and Malta. It is six and a half miles long and two miles broad. Round lake is in the southern part of the town of Malta, and is about three miles in circumference. Ballston lake lies principally in the town of Ballston, the southern extremity extending into Clifton Park. It is three and a half miles long, with an average width of nearly half a mile. Livingston lake, Sand lake and Mud lake are in Day. Lake Desolation lies on the boundary between Providence and Greenfield. Efnor, Jenny, Hunt and Black lakes are in Corinth. The lakes in the northern part of the county are surrounded by a wooded wilderness and are but little known.
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