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PINTOR'S Cruide Books
CITY OF
NEW YORK
injor Bros-Merrill & Co
Brand 20 A aCE . NEW Yo
AVERY ARCHITECTURAL AND FINE ARTS LIBRARY GIFT OF SEYMOUR B. DURST OLD YORK LIBRARY
THE
CONNECTICUT MUTUAL Life Insurance Company OF HARTFORD, CONN.
JACOB L. GREENE, President. JOHN M. TAYLOR, Vice-President.
WM. G. ABBOT, Secretary.
It began business in 1846.
Its expenses from organization to date have been but 8.32 per cent. of its income.
Its entire assets January Ist, 1886, were $54,383,649.95, an increase during the year of $953,617.04.
Its surplus on that day, by a higher than the legal standard, was $4,557,987.91, an increase of $436, 163.34.
It is a strictly Mutual Company, without a dollar of stock ; divides surplus annually, thus reducing the cost of insurance the members in each year to its actual cost to the Company.
It is offering the most securely based, the most truly libera., fair, and serviceable life insurance policy ever written, as will appear from the policy itself, which will be gladly shown by any agent.
It issues no peculiar forms of policy, but has grafted upon the simplest and strictly legitimate plans every feature of practical value to the fullest extent compatible with safety.
Its contract for paid-up insurance and for surrender values leaves nothing to be desired by one asking legitimate insurance.
Losses are payable 30 days from the receipt of satisfactory proofs.
Reference for full details is made to the Fortieth Annual Report of the Company, a copy of which will be furnished on application.
..
MASSASOIT HOUSE,
M. & E. S. CHAPIN,
SPRINGFIELD, MASS.
The Massasoit House, near Railroad Stationa, was established in 1843. It has been twice enlarged, making it three times its original size, and thoroughly re- modeled and refurnished. The large airy sleeping rooms, furnished with hot and cold water, are excelled by none in the country. Connecting rooms, en suite, for families, elegantly furnished and with bath-rooms attached. Special attention paid to ventilation and all sanitary improvements. The proprietors are deter- mined that the world-wide reputation of the Massasoit shall be maintained in all · respects.
COLTON'S SELECT FLAVORS.
OF THE CHOICEST FRUITS AND SPICES.
Their absolute purity, unequalled strength and economy are winning friends everywhere, and surprising and delighting families, and trebling Sales for Dealers.
AND WHY ?
From the first day offered in the Market until now, not one particle of Coloring or Adulteration has ever been used, in a sale of thousands of gross, and they are the Tru". Rich Flavor- of the Fruit. Many of the finest Dealers in this country, Families, Proprietors of leading Hotels, Confectioners, Bakers and Ice Cream Makers and all say the BEST.
Wholesale Agents in New York, Boston. Cincinnati, Philadelphia, Chicago, St. Louis and other cities.
LABORATORY, (HOME DEP'T), WESTFIELD, MASS.
SPRINGFIELD
FIRE AND MARINE INSURANCE COMPANY OF SPRINGFIELD, MASS. ANNUAL STATEMENT, JANUARY, 1, 1886. CAPITAL ONE MILLION DOLLARS.
ASSETS.
United States 6 per cent. Currency Reg. Bonds,
$130,000 00
Rail Road and other Bonds,
438,900 00
Rail Road Stocks,
870,084 00
Bank Stocks,
445,080 00 96,528 00
Real Estate owned by the Company, -
Cash on Hand, in Banks and in hands of Agents in course of transmission, 276,556 36
Loans on Mortgage of Real Estate,
303,366 67
Loans secured by R. R and Bank Stocks,
15,400 00
Accrued Interest, Rents and other Dues, -
227,521 77
LIABILITIES.
$2,803,436 80
Capital Stock all paid up,
$1,000,000 00
Outstanding Losses,
142,948 21
Re-Insurance Fund,
1,224,582 74
All other claims,
25,363 50 $2,392,894 45
Surplus over all Liabilities,
410,542 35
Surplus as regards Policy Holders,
1,410,542 35
J. N. DUNHAM, President. SANFORD J. HALL, Secretary. CHAS. A. BIRNIE, Ass't Sec'y.
AGENCIES THROUGHOUT THE UNITED STATES.
GEO. M. COIT, Agent.
E. D. B. WALTON, Agent,
CHARLES PLATT, JR., Agent,
REED & BROTHER, Agents.
158 Broadway, New York. 185 Montague St., Brooklyn. 401 Walnut St., Philadelphia. 43 Kilby St., } oston.
Over forty years ago MONSIEUR JACQUOT, a native of DEAL, FRANCE, originally manufactured goods of this brand at his home, and personally sold it about the streets of that town. Its excellence, saving of labor, together with the ER BI beautiful jet polish it produced, soon made for it an enviable name, and its popularity became so great that JAGOL the company which now manufac- tures it have the Largest Blacking Manufactories in the World. "they are located as follows : ST. OUEN, LYONS, KERGLAU, HEINEBONT, SOLE A NEUS ROTHSCH LD BROS&C PARIS in FRANCE; SANTANDER, SPAIN; E.PELT STETTIN, PRUSSIA; ODESSA and MOSCOW, RUSSIA; all of which are TRADE MARK. now in active operation with 5,000 employees, taxed to their utmost to supply the ever increasing demand. The Army and Navy of the United States use JACQUOT'S BLACKING in preference over all others.
Their Sole Accredited Agents for the CONTINENT OF AMERICA are, and have been for twenty years past, the well-known Importers,
ROTHSCHILD BROS. & CO.,
424 & 426 Broadway, New York.
ANDREW J. WRIGHT, Treasurer.
66th ANNUAL STATEMENT, December 31st, 1885. ÆTNA INSURANCE COMPANY,
HARTFORD, CONN.
CASH CAPITAL. $1,000,000 00
Reserved for Re-Insurance (Fire). 1,734,950 79 66
(Inland)
6,117 99
Unpaid Losses (Fire). 236,777 63
(Inland)
22,000 00
All other claims
57,929 83
NET SURPLUS 3,202,320 41
TOTAL ASSETS $9,260,096 65
" AS FOLLOWS:"
Cash in Bank $941,086 65
Cash in hands of Agents.
349,822 25
Real Estate.
345,000 00
Loans on Bond and Mortage
43,800 €0
Loans on Collaterals.
15,170 00
Stocks and Bonds
7,563,862 50
Accrued Interest
1,355 25
TOTAL ASSETS. $9,260,096 65 LOSSES PAID IN 67 YEARS, $58,750,000.
WM. B. CLARK, Ass't Sec. J. GOODNOW, Sec. L. J. HENDEE, Pres't. JAS. A. ALEXANDER, Agt., 2 Cortland St., New York.
Ætna Life Insurance Co.
OF HARTFORD, CONN.
ASSETS, $30,562.261,83 SURPLUS, by Massachusetts and Conn. Standard, 5,194.203.62 CONSERVATIVE, ECONOMICAL and "SOLID AS GRANITE."
Policies Non-forfeiting and Incontestable after the death of the insured.
All desirable plans of Insurance, including some which are new and especially advantageous.
ADDRESS THE COMPANY OR ANY OF ITS AGENTS.
M. G. BULKELEY, President.
J. C. WEBSTER, Vice-President.
J. L. ENGLISH, Secretary.
CONNECTICUT
FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY,
OF HARTFORD, Conn.
Incorporated 1850.
Charter Perpetual,
CASH CAPITAL, - -
$1,000,000.00
CASH ASSETS, -
- 1,974,749.75
WESTERN DEPARTMENT :
A. WILLIAMS, Manager, 155 LA SALLE STREET, CHICAGO, Il1.
PACIFIC DEPARTMENT : WM. MACDONALD, Mang'r SAN FRANCISCO, Cal.
J. D. BROWNE, President,
CHAS. R. BURT, Secretary,
L. W. CLARKE, Assistant-Secretary.
CONGRESS SPRING.
THE STANDARD MINERAL WATER.
CATHARTIC, ALTERATIVE. A Specific for disorders of the STOMACH, LIVER, and KIDNEYS, ECZEMA, MALARIA and all impur- ities of the BLOOD.
S O enviable a name has this famous Mineral Water, that the mana- gers of inferior mineral springs, desirous of imitating the natural purity of the bottled water of Congress Spring, inject & powerful acid in their bottled water to preserve the crude ingredients in solution, - being so heavily laden with
LIME AND IRON DEPOSIT.
With such contrivances, bogus testimonial and doctored analysis cards they seek to rival the pure medicinal waters of Congress Spring.
T "HE regular season visitors to Saratoga fully understand these crude harsh waters, many of them after painful experiences. In proof of this fact we can produce a great many responsible names. But the Saratoga visitors without experience, and many who use the bot- tled waters (often labeled as curatives for disorders which they posi- tively aggravate), should remember, that crude mineral waters pro- duce headache, a sense of burning and internal irritation, and do irre- parable iujury to the digestive organs and kidneys.
CONGRESS WATER, PURE, NATURALand RELIABLE,
NONE GENUINE SOLD ON DRAFT.
For Sale by Druggists, Grocers, Wine Merchants, and Hotels.
BOTTLE (C) MARK.
TOURISTS AND INVALIDS wishing to escape the severity of our Northern Winters, can find no more attractive places than the
BERMUDA ISLANDS
- AND - WEST INDIES.
The Steamship Orinoco, 2,000 tons, together with the magnificent new Steamship Trinidad, 2,160 tons, 1,500 horse power, highest class, 100 A I at Lloyd's, built expressly for this route in 1885. with unsurpassed accommodations for passengers, leaves New York and Bermuda every Thursday during the season.
Steamers for West Indies, St. Kitt's Antigua, Dominica, Martinique, St. Lucia, Barbados and Trinidad, leave New York and the Islands every 17 days.
For full particulars, time tables, and descriptive pamphlets, apply to
A. E. OUTERBRIDGE & CO., AGENTS, ARTHUR AHERN, Sec'y, Quebec. 51 Broadway, New York.
COLLEGE SONGS.
CARMINA YALENSIA .- A New Collection of Yale and other College Songs, with Music and Piano-Forte Accompaniments, and Engraving of Yale College Buildings. Extra cloth, $1.50. Extra cloth, full gilt, $1.75.
SONGS OF COLUMBIA .-- A New Collection of Columbia College Songs, with Music and Piano-Forte Accompaniments. Bound in extra cloth, showing the College Colors, blue and white. Price, $1.50.
SONG SHEAF .- A Collection of Vocal Music, arranged in one, two, three and four parts, with complete elementary course for schools, academies and social circle Price, boards, by mail, 75 cents.
HAPPY HOURS .- A New Song Book for Schools, Acad- emies and the Home Circle. 188 pp. 12mo. Price, boards, 50 cents.
INTRODUCTION TO ELOCUTION .- By Prof. MARK BAILEY. 60 pp. 12mo. Price, cloth, 50 cents.
HISTORICAL EPOCHS .- The Great Events of History in Condensed Form, with System of Mnemonics. Price, cloth, 50 cents.
Any of above books sent by mail, post-paid, on receipt of price.
TAINTOR BROTHERS, MERRILL & CO., Publishers, 18 & 20 Astor Place, New York.
HARTFORD Fire Insurance Co.
OF HARTFORD, CONN.
STATEMENT JANUARY 1st, 1886.
Cash Capital, -
- - $1,250,000 00
Reserve for Re-insurance, - 1,733,863 88
Outstanding Claims, - -
318,118 83
Policy Holders' Surplus, - 2,693,359 21
NET SURPLUS, -
1,443,359 21
Total Assets, - - $4,745,341 92
GEO. L. CHASE, President.
P. C. ROYCE, Secretary. THOMAS TURNBULL, Ass't Secretary.
WESTERN DEPARTMENT.
G. F. BISSELL,
General Agent.
P. P. HEYWOOD, Assistant General Agent. CHICAGO, ILL.
PACIFIC DEPARTMENT.
BELDEN & COFRON, - - Managers. SAN FRANCISCO, CAL.
BRANCH OFFICE,
158 BROADWAY, . .
-
-
NEW YORK. GEORGE M. COIT, Agent.
THE
CITY OF NEW YORK.
A Complete Guide,
WITH
DESCRIPTIVE SKETCHES OF OBJECTS AND PLACES OF INTEREST AND CONDENSED TABLES OF CHURCHES, INSTITUTIONS, BANKS, HOTELS, CITY RAILROADS, FERRIES, STAGE LINES, AMUSEMENTS, ETC. ALSO TRAVELERS' DIRECTORY FOR RAILROADS, STEAM- BOATS, OCEAN STEAMERS ;
AND A
COMPLETE NEW STREET DIRECTORY
ILLUSTRATED WITH NEW MAP AND WOODCUTS.
Copyright, 1884, by TAINTOR BROTHERS, MERRILL & CO., 18 & 20 ASTOR PLACE, NEW YORK. 1885.
WEBSTER'S UNABRIDGED
With or without Patent Index.
WEBSTER'S UNABRIDGED DICTIONARY
WITH PATENT INDEX
To the many other valuable features of Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, we have
JUST ADDED, (1885) A NEW PRONOUNCING
Gazetteer the World,
Containing over 25,000 Titles, describing the Countries, Cities, Towns, and Natural Feat- ures of every part of the Globe.
It is the best practical English Dictionary extant .- Quarterly Review, London.
It is an ever-present and reliable school- master to the whole family .- S. S. Herald.
A Library in ITSELF
The Latest Edition has 3000 more Words,
in its vocabulary than are found in any other Ameri- can Dictionary, and nearly three times the number of ENGRAVINGS.
In quantity of matter, it would make 75 12mo vol- umes usually sold for $1.25 each.
Its brief Biographical Dictionary (nearly 10,000 Names) is a valuable fest- ure.
Webster is Standard Authority with the U. S. Supreme Court and in the Gov't Printing Office, and is recommended by State Sup'ts of Schools in 36 States. Published by G. & C. MERRIAM & CO., Springfield, Mass.
THE CRITIC.
A Literary Weekly, Critical and Eclectic.
For one who desires a current report from the active world of let- ters, a knowledge of the best books most recently published in every department of Science, Literature and Art, careful critiques upon the principal books by specialists in the several departments of learning -there is no guide so full, scholarly and satisfactory as THE CRITIC.
J. H. VINCENT, D.D., Chancellor Chautauqua University.
"Invaluable to every student and lover of literature in this coun- try."-Christian Union.
"Maintains its place at the head of literary criticism in America."- London Academy.
"Undeniably the best literary review in the United States."-Bos- ton Glo'e.
" By far the best journal of its class in the country."-Buffalo Er- press.
THE CRITIC COMPANY, 18 & 20 Astor Place, New York.
INDEX.
Amusements.
43
Approaches. 11
Art Galleries. .45
Asylums.
.68
Avenucs, Other
42
Banks.
72
Battery
15
Belvedere
.54
Bowery
34
Bowling Green
17
Broadway
15
Brooklyn Bridge.
22
Bridle Road.
51
Buildings for Offices or Manfg
79
Carriage Fares
.75
Caronsal.
.52
Casino
.53
Care
54
Cemeteries
.59
Central Park
50
Central Park, Afoot
.51
Central Park Directory
49
Charitable Institutions
.68
Churches
.61
Christian Associations.
.67
City Hall
21
City Hall Park.
21
City Railroads
.76
Clubs
.72
Colleges and Seminaries
.68
Common.
52
Courts.
74
Court House
.21
Dairy
.52
Distances in the City
74
Eighth Avenue
41
Elevated Railroads.
84
Excursions Round About
57
Ferries
78
Fifth Avenne
29
Fourth Avenue.
.34
Fourteenth Street
26
Grand Central Depot
.37
Great Circle
53
Hack Fares
75
Historical Sketch.
12
Hospitals.
.68
Hotels
.70
Lexington Avenne 333
Location
9
Libraries
.46
Lake
53
Location of Piers
80
Mall
52
Madison Avenue
32
Madison Square
27
Marble Arch 52
Markets
75
Metropolitan Museum
.55
Museum and Menagerie
.53
Museum of Natural History
Obelisk.
56
Park Avenue.
37
Parks, Other
.57
Piers-Location of.
80
Play Ground
52
Police Stations
73
Post Office
19-20
Post Office Branches
.75
Railroads
84
Ramble.
.54
Safe Deposit Companies
73
Savings Banks.
73
Schiller Monument
.54
Seventh Avenne
.41
Sixth Avenue
39
Springs
55
Stage Routes
.75
Statnes in Central Park
.56
St. Paul's Church
19
Steamboats
84
Steamers, Ocean
81
Street Directory.
87
Street System
13
Terrace.
.53
Third Avenue
39
Topography
9
Travelers' Directory
82
Trinity Church.
17
Trust Company
73
Union Square
26
Wall Street
17
Injuries received in Travel, Work, or Sport ALL AROUND THE GLOBE ARE INSURED AGAINST BY
THE TRAVELERS OF HARTFORD, CONN.
A CCIDENTS are always happening to those who " DON'T TRAVEL MUCH" as well as to those who do.
THE QUIETEST PROFESSIONAL AND BUSINESS MEN
are as liable as any others to the thousand hazards of life, from morning till night, at home or abroad. To such, an Accident Policy
Costs but $5 per Year for $1,000 Insurance, with $5 Weekly Indemnity.
ISSUES ALSO THE
BEST & CHEAPEST LIFE POLICY in the WORLD !
Indefeasible, Non-Forfeitable, World-Wide.
ASK AGENTS TO SHOW A COPY.
Assets, $8,417,000. Surplus, $2,096,000.
Paid Policy-Holders, $12,000,000.
JAMES G. BATTERSON, President.
RODNEY DENNIS, Secretary.
C
F
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1
BAARD'S
-
LECOULE
BATH
W
ISLAND
1. Albemarle Hotel, E. 9%. Ashluud Ilouse, F 20.
Ador House, F. 31.
Brevoorl House, F 4%. Buckingham Hotel, F Ct Clarendon Hotel, F 1
*.
Cosmopolitan Hotel LX 30 Farle's Hotel, F 20 Everell House, F. 26
11
Fifth Avenue Hotel. E. 26.
Fitscy House, E 35
1.5. Gleubam Itotel. F 21
11 Bmand C'entral Hotel, F. $9. Grand Hotel, E. 25
17
Ifodel Brunswick, F 2G La-laud Hole1, E. 23.
Merchants' Hotel, F. 31
Metropolitan Hotel, F. 25.
New York Hotel, F abe
Park Avenue Hotel, F 95. Present House, F. 29 Rossmuore Hour, E :4. $: Cloud Hotel, I .. 24.
St. Denis Ilotet, P 27.
St James Hotel, E. yo, SSurlar Hotel, F. 97 Sturlevant Honse, E 25.
Uoinn Square Hotel F. 21. United States Ilotel, F 31.
Westonloster Ilotel, F. 27, Wittsor Hotel, F 21.
Prominent Institutions and Buildings.
:35
American Museum of Natural History. 1 30 Apprentices* Library, F 27.
37 Ador Library, F 38
Bellevue Ilo til, G. 2G.
Bible House, F 2.
Rioonthedale Insane Asylum, D. 10
41 Board of TAlucalton, F. 2D. Board uf Exche, P 2% Board of Health, F 98
Castle Garden, 5 82 City Directory Ollee, F 47
City 11ol1, F HL
17 College of The City of New-York, F. 20. Columbia Col: ge, P. 23, ol: gr.
Cooper Unica, P. 27.
50 Touuly Court House, F. 30,
Custom flow- F 91.
Fire Department Head quarters, F. 99
Five Poloin Itense of Industry. F. an
64 Five Points Mission, F. : KI
Grand Central Depol, F. 23.
Ledes Library F. 21
Mesonic Temp. C. E. 20
Mrpranlile Lilimary, P 27.
Metropolitan Museum of Art, E. 30 National Academy of Desiga, F 20 New York Historical Society, 1 97
New-York Ho pital, E 27.
13-1. New-York No k Exchange. F. 31
Pollee Ilnul-quarters, F 2>
Post -Office. F 10.
07 Produce Exchange, F 32
71
Roosevelt Ile -alal, 1 22, St. Luke's Ho pital, E, 23 Society Librar . F . Subirensuty, F 31. The Tumhis, F 38
Young Men's Christian Association, F 211
CHURCHES. IAPTIST
R 7-1 C'atvary, E. 20
Fifth Avenue, E. #4. Tabernacle, 6: 27.
PON. REGATIONAL 77 Church of the Disciples, F 21
Taberoacte, E 35.
JEWISH SYNAGOGUES
Datech Amoun , E. 27
Temple Eman el, F. 24
METHO IST-EPISCOPAL.
91 Allen Street, 1 20. IT-drling, G 24 Julio Street, F 81.
Rose IIIII, F :3 SI. PauY's, F LG, Seventh Street F. 99.
Trinity, E. 25 Wasley Chapel, Q. 29 PRISBYTERIAN
89 Brick Church. E. 24 Fifth Avenue. 8 23. Fourth Avenue, F. 26. Rutgers, F 20
PROTESTANT.EPISCOPAL
First Hefornid, F. 23.
Grace, P' :T.
G Heavenly Rest, F. 21
97. St. Aro's, E. 20
SI Luke's, E. 95.
St. Paul's, F $1.
101. St Thomas'. E. 23.
10
Theballguration, F. 25 Trinity, F 31.
REFORMED DUTCH Colleglale, F 24 Dr. Ormislop ,, F 25
Dr. Vermllye's. E 25 North Dutch, F 81
ROMAN CATHOLIC 109
SL Francis, E: 27.
199. SL Patrick's Cathedral F 23
St. Patrick's Church, P 24. Peter's, F BO.
112 St. Stephen's, F 35
UNITARIAN
All Souls, F 20.
UNIVERSALIST
114 Church Divine Paternity, E, 21.
PLACES OF AMUSEMENT.
115 Acmlemy of Music. F. 27.
Allantic Harden, G. 20.
117 Bijou Opera House, E. 25. Casino, E. 24.
Clickerlog ITall, E. 26.
120 Daly's Theatre, E. 26. Fifth Avenue Thwaite, E. 95 Fourteenth St. Thealte, E. 27
28
MH
Grat
131
199 105 Graud Opera House, 8 26 Madison Square Garden, F.26. Madison Square Theatre, E. 26. Metropolitan Opera IIo., E. $4. Niblo's Garden, F 28 Park Theatre, F 26. Slaudin Theatre, E. 25. Star Thealte, P 27 Steinway Hall, F. 97. Thilja Theatre, G 20. Thestro Comique, F. 28. Touy Pastor's Theatre, F 28.
135. Union Square Theatre, F 97.
150 Wallack's Thentre, H 25. 29
soxeye» . $. 000 DOCK
30
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Reference to figures on map. HOTELS.
Pan
CITY OF NEW YORK.
ITS LOCATION AND TOPOGRAPHY.
EW YORK, the chief city of the United States and the Western Continent, is located at the mouth of the Hud- son River, in the southern part of the State of New York. The City Hall is in latitude 40°42'43" N., longi- tude 74°0'3" W., and the city occupies the county of the same name. It covers the whole of Manhattan Island and a portion of the mainland, and is bounded on the south by New York Bay; on the west by the Hudson or North River; on the north by the city of Yonkers and Westchester County, N. Y .; on the east by the river Bronx, that separates it from Westchester County, and the East River, a narrow, salt-water strait, dividing it from Long Island. It also includes Randall's, Ward's and Blackwell's Islands, in the East River; and Governor's Island, occupied by the U. S. Government ; Bedloe's and Ellis' Islands, in the Bay. Spuyten Duyvil Creek and Harlem River divide the city into two unequal por- tions, and make the northern boundary of Manhattan Island. The city is 16 miles long, and varies in width from a few hundred yards to 4} miles at the north part. Its area is about 412 square miles, or 26,500 acres, of which 12,100 are on the mainland. Its location is both beautiful, healthful, and advantageous in a commercial sense. Its commodious bay, the Hudson River, the neighboring sea, and the diversified country about it, contribute to its attractiveness, while its varied surface and extensive water front conduce to its general health- fulness. Its harbor gives ample and safe anchorage for large fleets, and opens directly upon the Atlantic. Its position in the center of the northern part of the coast makes it a natural entrepot for the Middle States; and the Hudson River, navigable for nearly 150 miles, places it in casy communication with the interior. The Erie Canal
9
CITY OF NEW YORK.
and several lines of railroads place the city in reach of the Great West, and on the east, New England almost joins the city. The State and city of New Jersey fringe the opposite bank of the Hudson, and along the East River the City of Brooklyn and its neighboring towns form a continuous city upon its eastern side. From the Battery, at the southern end of Manhattan Island, the view of the Bay, the Islands,
OBERTS-NY =
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CITY HALL.
Brooklyn Heights, Staten Island, the Jersey shore, Jersey City, and the entrance to the Hudson, presents one of the most animated and beautiful pictures to be found. The upper part of the city lies oppo- site the Palisades, and is remarkable for its rural and picturesque scenery. Its topography is at once favorable for business purposes and good drainage. The lower part of Manhattan Island, from the Battery north for about 33 miles, is rolling and sandy in character. It then rises slightly and becomes very rocky. At Central Park, near the center of the city, it rises into broken hills; and northward, along the
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CITY OF NEW YORK.
river, the land rises to a height of 238 feet at Washington Heights. Above the Island, the land is hilly and rough, with a great variety of scenery. The lower part of the city has been much altered by filling and grading, and the original width has been materially increased by filling in the rivers on both sides. The city is compactly built up to the Harlem River, on the east of Central Park. This location is some- times known as Harlem and Yorkville, being the sites of those villages. North of Harlem River are Mott Haven, Morrisania, West Farms, North New York, Port Morris, Woodstock, Highbridgeville, Claremont, Tre- mont, Mount Hope, Mount Eden, Fairmount, Belmont, Fordham, and Williamsbridge. West of Central Park the population centers in the villages of Bloomingdale and Manhattanville. North of these, along the liudson, are Washington Heights, Inwood, Kingsbridge, Spuyten Duyvil, Mosholu, Riverdale, and Mount St. Vincent. All of these places are now included in New York City.
THE WAYS OF APPROACH
to New York are numerous, since it is in communication with all parts of the globe, either by sea or railroad. From the sea it is approached from the south by Sandy Hook through the Narrows, between Long Island on the east, and Staten Island on the west, into New York Bay, passing the great fortresses of Fort Tompkins and Fort Richmond on the west, or Staten Island shore and Fort Hamilton on the east, or Long I land shore, while old Fort Lafayette, of the " Great Rebellion " celebrity, stands in the bay, a short distance from the shore. At the confluence of the East and Hudson Rivers is Governor's Island, dis- tinguished by the circular fortress on its northern shore. The Ham- burg and German lines of steamers land their passengers at Hoboken; while the Cunard, Inman, White Star, Anchor, National and French lines discharge theirs at different piers on the Hudson River, or west side of the city. There is another channel of approach from the sea through the Kills, between Staten Island, on the New Jersey shore, connecting karitan Bay with New York Harbor-but only vessels of light draught can approach by this route.
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