The minutes of the Orphanmasters court of New Amsterdam, 1655 to 1663, Part 1

Author: New York (N.Y.). Orphanmasters; Fernow, Berthold, 1837-1908; Van der Veen, Waleyn
Publication date: 1902-1907
Publisher: New York : F.P. Harper
Number of Pages: 234


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Presented to the Leroy Library Tu the


Committee on History & Tradition


0 Venial wewer of the State a New York 9


1908.


N. Y. C. - Drp


PUBLICATIONS OF THE COMMITTEE ON HISTORY AND TRADITION OF THE COLONIAL DAMES OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK Io. 2


MINUTES OF THE ORPHANMASTERS COURT OF NEW AMSTERDAM 1655=1663


MINUTES OF THE EXECUTIVE BOARDS OF THE BURGOMAS- TERS OF NEW AMSTERDAM AND


THE RECORDS OF WALEWYN VAN DER VEEN, NOTARY PUBLIC 1662=1664


TRANSLATED AND EDITED UNDER THE AUSPICES OF THE COMMITTEE ON HISTORY AND TRADITION OF THE COLONIAL DAMES OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK


BY BERTHOLD FERNOW Late Archivist of the State of New York, Honorary resp. Corresponding Member of the Historical Societies of New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Virginia, etc., etc., etc.


NEW YORK FRANCIS P. HARPER 1907


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COPYRIGHT, 1907 BY SOCIETY OF COLONIAL DAMES STATE OF NEW YORK


Catherine Van Peuxschaer Lecursus President.


Edition Limited to 300 Copies


THE COMMITTEE ON


HISTORY AND TRADITION


OF THE


olonial ames of the State of


MRS. WILMOT TOWNSEND COX, Chairman MRS. CHARLES STEBBINS FAIRCHILD MRS. ROBERT FANSHAWE BLOODGOOD MRS ALFRED CORNELIUS HOWLAND


MRS CHARLES F. OSTRANDER


MRS. WILLIAM GRAY PARK


MRS HORACE DU VAL


MRS. CHARLES PRICE BRITTON


MRS KILIAEN VAN RENSSELAER


MRS. FRANCIS B. AUSTIN


MRS. BENJAMIN W. FRANKLIN


MRS WILLIAM GORDON VER PLANCK


MRS EDMUND MONROE SMITH


MRS. CHARLES W. WHIPPLE


MRS. HORATIO SEYMOUR


MRS. THOMAS NICKERSON, JR.


MRS. CHARLES LUDOVIC HACKSTAFF


PREFACE.


THE rules and laws, governing the actions of the Burgomasters of New Amsterdam, are probably laid down in Rooscboom " Receuil Van Weeten en Kostumen der Staden Amsterdam, 1656" (Collection of Laws and Customs of the City of Amsterdam) and in the Schout Roll van Amsterdam, not printed. Of the first named the late Dr. E. B. O'Callaghan (died 1880) had a copy, apparently the only one in the United States, and after his death it went into undiscoverable hands. Of the second the writer procured a copy from the city authorities of Amster- dam, when in charge of the manuscripts in the State Library at Albany, N. Y .; he placed this copy with others procured by him in the State Library, but it cannot be found again.


The text of the volume, now laid before the public, tells us, that considering the smallness of the place the duties of the Burgomasters were as diver- sified, as they are to-day, with the difference, that then their two worships had to do, what now the Mayor of New York mostly does by Commissions.


The appearance in this volume of the records of Walewyn van der Veen, a Notary Public, requires an explanation. Under Roman Law and its modifi-


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Preface.


cations in most countries of continental Europe, the Notary Public is a high official of the courts of law, who goes very nearly through the same course of legal studies as would be required of a judge, and most of the Universities have in their Faculty of Law a chair for Notarial duties; a document, sworn to before a Notary, needs not be verified by any court ; a last will and testament, drawn up, signed and witnessed before and by a Notary, if left with him, needs no action by a Surrogate (except it be contested). In France and other countries, where the Roman Law has been modified by the Code Napoleon, the office and good will of a Notary can be purchased ; in Germany the Crown rewards eminent lawyers with the right to act as Notaries Public.


B. FERNOW.


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MINUTES OF EXECUTIVE BOARDS OF THE CITY OF NEW AMSTERDAM


1661-1664.


Before us, the undersigned Schepens etc., the Worshipful Burgomasters of this City with the knowledge of the Director General and Council of New Netherland cede, convey and grant to Sybout Clasen, Burgher etc., a lot on the Southside of Hoogh (Stone) Street, bounded West by the house and lot of Rem Jansen, the smith, East and South by the lot behind the City Hall, North by said street, wide in front on the street and rear 20 feet wood- measure, long on the East and West 4of. same measure, all free and unencumbered and said Burgo- masters acknowledge to have fully been paid on be- half of the City by said Sybout Clasen, with the con- veyance of a lot outside of the Landgate, they there- fore desist etc. etc. etc. November 14, 1664.


TIMOTHEUS GABRY CORN. STEENWYCK


ISAACK GREVENRAAT


P. L. VAN DE GRIFT


Before us, the undersigned Schepens etc., Sybout Clasen, Burgher etc., declared that by virtue of a patent of May 15, 1647, he cedes, conveys and grants to the Worshipful Burgomasters for the be-


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hoof of this City a lot outside of the Landgate, wide in front along the highway (Broadway) 4 rods, run- ning in length to the fence of Jan Damen, also 4r. in the rear, as stated in said patent, all free and unen- cumbered, for which lot grantor acknowledges to have been paid by the conveyance of a lot behind the City Hall etc. etc. etc. November 17, 1664.


TIMOTHEUS GABRY SIBOUT CLASEN


ISAACK GREVENRAAT


Before us, the undersigned Schepens etc., the Worshipful Burgomasters of this City cede, convey and grant to Pieter Wolfertsen van Couvenhoven, late Schepen, a lot on the Westside of the Prince Graft (Broad str.) bounded South by a street, West by the lot of the Honble Petrus Stuyvesant, late Di- rector General of New Netherland, North by the lot of Domine Samuel Drisius, preacher here, East by said Graft, wide in front on the Graft or Eastside and in the rear or West 60 feet woodmeasure, long on the North and South sides 10of. same measure, all free and unencumbered etc. etc. etc. November 28, 1664.


TIMOTHEUS GABRY CORN. STEENWYCK


ISAACK GREVENRAAT


P. L. VAN DE GRIFT


Before us, the undersigned Schepens etc., the Honble Nicolaas de Meyer, Schepen of this City, as attorney for Teunis Cornelissen Slingerlant, declared that by virtue of a deed of June 5, 1662, he cedes, conveys and grants to Sieur Antony de Milt, Bur- gher etc., said Slingerlant's house and lot on the East-


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side of the Marketfield (Whitehall Str.), bounded South by the house and lot, where now lives the Honble Allard Anthony, late Burgomaster and now Orphanmaster of this City, East by the lot of Claas van Elslandt, the elder, North by the Beavers Graft (Beaver Str.), West by said Marketfield, wide in front or in the West 20 feet and running in that width back to the line of said Claas van Elslandt, all free and unencumbered etc. etc. etc. November 21, 1664, O. S.


TIMOTHEUS GABRY NICOLAES DE MEYER


Before us, the undersigned Schepens etc., the worthy Jan Meindersen from Jeveren, Burgher etc., declared that by virtue of a deed of June 18, 1664 (supra p. 147),* he cedes, conveys and grants to Sieur Arent Jansen Moesman a house and lot on the West- side of the Heere Straat (Broadway), bounded North by the house and lot of Cornelis Pluyvier, South by the garden, formerly belonging to the W. I. Company, according to said deed on the street or Eastside wide 4 rods 7in., on the West 4r., long on the North as well as Southside 7r. 6f. 4in., all free and unencumbered etc., for which property said Jan Meindersen acknowledges to have fully been paid by said Arent Jansen Moesman with the quantity of 26 whole beavers, therefore he desists etc. etc. etc. November 7, 1664.


TIMOTHEUS GABRY JAN MEINDERSEN NICHOLAES DE MEYER


* Of Vol. VI, Records of New Amsterdam, published by the City of N. Y., 1897.


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Minutes of Executive Boards


Before us, the undersigned Schepens etc., the worthy Arent Evers* Molenaar, late Schoolmaster, Precentor and Comforter of the Sick at New Amstel, declared that with the knowledge of his father Evert Pietersen he cedes, conveys and grants to Sieur Jacques Couseau, late Schepen of this City, his right, title and claim in and to the monthly salary and board wages, due him from the Worshipful Burgomasters of the City of Amsterdam in Europe according to letters and documents, herewith delivered to said Cousseau and said Arent Evers acknowledges to have fully been paid by said Sieur Cousseau, there- fore he desists from all further claims hereby and gives to said Cousseau actual and real possession thereof, so that he may do therewith tanquam pro- curationem in rem propriam etc. etc. etc. Decem- ber 38, 1664.


TIMOTHEUS GABRY ARENT EVERTS MOLENAER NICOLAES D. MEYER


Before us, the undersigned Schepens etc., the worthy Pieter Stoutenburgh, Burgher and inhabitant of this City, declared that by virtue of a deed of February 8, 1656, he cedes, conveys and grants to Tomas Major, also Burgher etc., a house and lot on the Eastside of the Heere Straat (Broadway), bounded North by the house and lot of Abraham Pietersen Molenaar (miller), South by the lot of Jan Jansen Brestee and according to said deed on the * Keteltas.


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of the City of New Amsterdam.


said street or Westside 2 rods wide, in the rear or on the Eastside Ir. gf. 2in., on the Southside along said Jan Jansen van Breste 5r. 4f. 3in., on the North 6r. 7f. 2in., all free and unencumbered, according to bill of sale, made before Secretary Joannes Nevius and witnesses November 29, 1663, etc. etc. etc. December 38, 1664.


NICOLAES d MEYER PIETER STOUTENBURCH


Before us, the undersigned Schepens etc., Arent Lauwrenzen of the Village of Bergen declared, that that by virtue of a patent of May 10, 1662, he cedes, conveys and grants to Adam Onckelbagh, Burgher and inhabitant of this City, a house and lot on the Westside of the Smee (William) Street bounded North by the house and lot of Andries Andriessen, South by the house and lot of Tomas Verdon, wide on the Eastside 30 feet woodmeasure, on the West 33f., on the Southside 83f., on the North 88f., all free and unencumbered etc. etc. etc. January 31, 1664 O. S.


TIMOTHEUS GABRY ARENT LOURENS


NICOLAES d MEYER


Before us, the undersigned Schepens etc., Sieur Hendrick Jansen van der Vin, late Schepen of this City, declared that by virtue of a deed of February 14, 1658, he cedes, conveys and grants to the Honble Oloff Stevensen van Cortlant, Burgomaster of this City, a house and lot on the Northside of the


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Minutes of Executive Boards


Waal (East River, now Pearl Str.), bounded West by the Heere Graft (Broad Str.), North by the house and lot of Cornelis Meleyn, East by the house and lot of Sybout Clasen, South by said Waal and ac- cording to said deed in front on the street or South- side 18 feet wide and 6of. deep, all free and unen- cumbered etc. etc. etc. February 24, 1664, O. S.


JOHANNES DE PEYSTER HEND. J. VAN DER VIN JACOB KIP


Before us, the undersigned Schepens etc., the Honble Oloff Stevensen van Cortlant, Burgomaster of this City, declared that by virtue of a deed of October 31, 1664, O. S. (supra p. 152) he cedes, con- veys and grants to Sieur Hendrick Jansen van der Vin a house and lot (for description see deed Vis to Burgher p. 185) .* February 24, 1664, O. S. JOHANNES DE PEYSTER O. STEVENSEN V. CORTLANT JACOB KIP


Before us, the undersigned Schepens etc., Sieur Jan Vinge, late Schepen of this City, and Pieter Stoutenburgh, as administrators of the estate, left by Raghel van Tienhoven dec'd., declare that by virtue of a patent of June 14, 1644, they cede, con- vey and grant to Huybert Hendricksen a lot in the Smits Valley (East River, now Pearl Str.), bounded North by a path going to the farm house of said Raghel van Tienhoven's heirs, South by the house and lot of Pieter Lauwerensen, West by the lot of


* In Vol. VI, Records of New Amsterdam, as above.


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of the City of New Amsterdam.


said heirs, East by the shore of the East River, wide and long as measured by the sworn Surveyor Jacques Corteljau, that is on the Southside 26 feet 2in. wood- measure, on the North 27f. 3in. same measure, on the East 15 rods, on the West 14r. Iof., all free and unencumbered etc. etc. etc. May 33, 1665.


TIMOTHEUS GABRY


J. VINGE PIETER STOUTENBURCH


Before us, the undersigned Schepens etc., Sieur Jan Vinge, late Schepen of this City, and Pieter Stoutenburgh, as administrators of the estate, left by Raghel van Tienhoven dec'd., declared that by virtue of a patent of June 14, 1644, they cede, con- vey and grant to Joost Carelsen a lot in the Smits Valley (East River, now Pearl Str.), bounded North by the house and lot of Stoffel Elswaart ; South by the house and lot of Hendrick Lambertsen Mol, West by the lot of said Raghel van Tienhoven's heirs, East by the shore of the East River, and as measured by the sworn Surveyor Jacques Corteljau July 3, 1660, 24 feet, 6in., woodmeasure, wide on the South and Northsides, on the Eastside 15 rods Sf. long, on the Westside 15r. 5f., all free and unencumbered etc. etc. etc. May 13, 1665.


TIMOTHEUS GABRY


J. VINGE


PIETER STOUTENBURCH


Before us, the undersigned Schepens etc., Geertje Jans, widow of Reyer Stoffelsen dec'd., declared that


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by virtue of a deed of September 10, 1655, she cedes, conveys and grants to their Worships, the Burgomasters of this City, for the behalf of the City, a lot outside of the Watergate (Pearl Str., corner of Wall), East of the North East Point* and as measured by the sworn Surveyor Jacques Cortel- jau 2 rods wide on the Southside, 2r. 12f. wood- measure on the North, 7r. 7f. deep, all free and un- encumbered etc. etc, etc. March 7, 1665, O. S. This is the mark of


GEERTJE


+ JANS, widow of REYER


TIMOTHEUS GABRY


JOHANNES VAN BRUGH STOFFELSEN, made by herself


Before us, the undersigned Schepens etc., their Worships, the Burgomasters of this City declared, that with the knowledge of the late Honble Director General and Council of New Netherland they cede, convey and grant to Geertje Jans, widow of Reyer Stoffelsen, a lot on the Southside of Hoogh (Stone) Street, bounded West by the lot of Sybout Clasen, East and South by the lot behind the City Hall, North by said street, measuring in front on the street and in the rear 20 feet woodmeasure, long on the East and West 4of. same measure, all free and unencumbered etc. etc. etc. March 7, 1665, O. S. TIMOTHEUS GABRY CORN. STEENWYCK


JOHANNES VAN BRUGH


O. STEVENSEN V. CORTLANT


* Probably the battery, erected there.


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of the City of New Amsterdam.


Before us, the undersigned Schepens etc., the worthy Allert Coninck, Burgher etc., declared that by virtue of a deed of April 25, 1663, (supra p. 135), he cedes, conveys and grants to Abraham Kermel, also Burgher etc., a house and lot on the Cingel (for description see the quoted deed). March 9, 1665, O. S.


JOHANNES VAN BRUGH ALLERT CONINGH JOHANNES DE PEYSTER


Before us, the undersigned Schepens etc., the wor- thy Arien Huybertsen, Burgher etc., declared that by virtue of a deed of January 28, 1663, he cedes, con- veys and grants to Meindert Barentsen, also Burgher etc., a house and lot on the Northside of the Hoogh (Stone) Street, bounded West by the house and lot of Sieur Tielman van Vleeck, Schout of the Village of Bergen, East by the house and lot of Wessel Evertsen, North by the Slyck Steegh (South William Str.), South by Hoogh Street, and according to said deed in front on the street 18 feet 2in. woodmeasure wide, same width on the Northside, long on the West 8 rods gf., on the East gr. 2f., all free and un- encumbered etc. etc. etc. March 17, 1665, O. S. TIMOTHEUS GABRY ADRIAEN HUYBERSE STEREVELT


Before us, the undersigned Schepens etc., Mr. Tomas Wandel of Mispats Kil declared, that by virtue of a deed of March 28, 1658, he cedes, con- veys and grants to Jacob Teunissen, Burgher etc.,


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Minutes of Executive Boards


a house and lot on the Northside of the Beaver Graft (Beaver Str.), bounded West by the house and lot of said Jacob Teunissen, North by the tan-yard of Coenraat ten Eyck, East by the lot of Touseun Bryel, South by said street, wide in front on the street or Southside 29 feet, on the Northside 25f., long on the East and West 142f. all woodmeasure, and all free and unencumbered etc. etc. etc. April 27, 1665, O. S.


JOHANNES DE PEYSTER THOMAS WANDELL TIMOTHEUS GABRY


Before us, the undersigned Schepens etc., the worthy Engelbert Steenhuysen, living in the Village of Bergen in this Province, declared that by virtue of a deed of March 10, 1663, he cedes, conveys and grants to Hendrick van Doesburgh, Burgher and inhabitant of this City, a house and lot on the North- side of the Slyck Steegh (South William Str.), bounded West by grantor's lot, North by the lot of Sieur Daniel Vervelen, East by the lot of Sieur Joannes Withart, South by said street, wide in front on the street or Southside 20 feet woodmeasure, on the North 19f., long on the West and Eastsides gof., all free and unencumbered, etc. etc, etc. June 9, 1665, O. S.


TIMOTHEUS GABRY ENGELBERT STEENHUYS JOHANNES VAN BRUGH


Before us, the undersigned Schepens etc., the worthy Jan Joosten, Burgher etc., declared that by


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virtue of a deed of September 2, 1661, (supra p. 137- 8), he cedes, conveys and grants to Jacob Teunissen Kay, a house and lot (for description see the quoted deed, Pieter Lucassen having become the neighbor on the East vice Nicolas Boot). June 38, 1665. JACOB KIP JAN JOOSTEN


THE RECORDS OF WALEWYN VAN DER VEEN, NOTARY PUBLIC.


THE RECORDS OF WALEWYN VAN DER VEEN, NOTARY PUBLIC.


(IN VOL. VI. BURGOMASTERS & SCHEPENS)


Paper so broken, that from the first page it is only possible to gather, that Daniel Va. . . and Christoffel Hoogland appear to empower Nathaniel Green to collect some debts. Witnessed by Lauwerens van de Spighel and Jacobus van de Water on the 20th


Appeared (paper broken) the worthy Nathaniel (Green?), living at Boston , who declared, that he constitutes * * * Daniel van Donck and Cristoffel Hooghlandt, of this City mer- chants, to (sue) together or singly Jeems Mils or his attorney because of an attachment laid on his person. etc. etc. etc. Date gone.


LAUWERENS VAN DE SPIGHEL NATHANIEL GREEN


JACOBUS VAN DE WATER


Quod attestor : WAL. VAN DER VEEN, Not. Publ.


On the . . . day of May (?), 1662, appeared be- fore me, Walewyn van der Veen, Notary Public * * * and before the belownamed witnesses Eghbert Beninck, a resident of this City, who acknowledged


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to be indebted to Dirck Jansen from Oldenburgh for the sum of 420 fl., Holland currency, for goods and merchandize, by him bought and received : which said sum he promises to pay in letters of exchange in the Fatherland to the order of said Dirck Jansen and for this purpose proper exchange shall be sent home by the first ships, under the condition, that in case the drafts aforesaid should not be accepted or paid, he, Beninck, promises to pay here promptly and without delay to said Dirck Jansen or his order the sum of 1260 fl. in wampum for change and re- change with 10 per cent annual interest until actually paid, for which he, Beninck, engages his person and property, present and future, here, in the Fatherland or elsewhere, submitting to all laws and courts. Thus done and signed at Amsterdam aforesaid in the presence of Cornelis van Langevelde and Jacobus van de Water called in as credible witnesses, who have also signed this record with me, the Notary.


EGBERT BEENINCK


CORNELIS VAN LANGHEVELDE Quod attestor


J. VAN DE WATER WAL. VAN DER VEEN, Not. publ.


On the 20th * appeared before me, Wal- ewyn van der Veen, Notary Public, * * *


Françoys Gay, at present soldier in the (Company?) of the Honble Director General in the service of the Priv. W. I. Company, who declared to have consti- tuted and empowered hereby in the best and most legal form Jacques de Payean, to collect, in his, the


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of the City of New Amsterdam.


principal's, name from their Worships, the Burgo- masters of Amsterdam in Holland, such sums of money, as are due him as pay for his service as sol- dier as aforesaid in their colony on the South River under the orders of Directors Jacob Alrichs and Alexander de Inyiese (d'Hinoyossa), according to the documentary proof thereof: he authorizes his attorney to give acquittance on receipt and to pro- tect against later demands and to do all that is neces- sary in such manner, as if he, the principal, were present, all cum potestate substituendi (with the power of substituting another); promising to ratify, what his attorney or the substitute of the latter shall have done under his power. Thus done etc


J. HUGUES FRANÇOIS GAY


BERNARD STORDEUR Quod attestor


JAN DE RUYTER. WAL. VAN DER VEEN, Not. pub.


On the 15th of June 1662 appeared before me, Walewyn van der Veen, Notary Public, admitted by the Honble Director General and Council and resid- ing at Amsterdam in New Netherland, and the below named witnesses the worthy Cornelis van (from) Langevelde,* Burgher and inhabitant here, to me well known, who declared to have sold to Jan Arcer, who also appeared and declared to have bought, his half of a yacht with all belonging to it, as she now lies in port here in the North River, (the other half belonging to Albert Albertsen), for £15


*A village in South Holland.


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stg. payable in New England valuation; first 100 lbs. of lead within one month and the balance between this date and next Christmas in Indian corn, wheat or pease at New England market price. The seller is to deliver to the purchaser the half of said yacht within a month from date, one to three days not counted, at Stamfort, the aforesaid Albert Albertsen being present and consenting to the delivery. For the carrying out of this sale the two parties engage their respective persons and goods, submitting them to all courts and laws. Thus done and signed at Amsterdam aforesaid in the presence of Gerret Ger- retsen and Jacobus van de Water, called in as credi- ble witnesses, who signed this record with the parties and me, the Notary.


GERRET GERRETSEN CORNELIS VAN LANGHEVELDE


JACOBUS VAN DE WATER JAN ARCER


In witness WALEWYN VAN DER VEEN, Not. publ.


This day, the % * appeared before me Walewyn van der Veen etc. etc. David Machor, a Jew, who at the request of * Lentfieldt declared, that in the beginning of the month of June, this year, he, being in the Village of Vlissing (Flush- ing on Long Island, [has heard], that said Lentfieldt was to receive from Willem Laurensen, Schout of said village, some ankers of distilled waters and that Lentfieldt asked Willem Lourrens: "What shall I do about the duties on said waters?", whereupon Lourensen answered: "You need not trouble your-


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self about that, I shall attend to it." Herewith affiant closed his testimony, offering to confirm the same under oath, if required. Thus done and signed at Amsterdam in the presence of Tomas Lambersen and Pieter van de Water, called in as credible wit. nesses, who signed this record with the affiant and me, the Notary.


TOMAS LAMBERSEN DAVID MACHORO


PIETER VAN DE WATER Quod attestor


WAL. VAN DER VEEN, Not. publ.


In the Name of God! On the 21st of August in the year 1662 after the birth of our Saviour Jesus Christus at about 9 o'.c.' in the evening appeared be- fore me, Walewyn van der Veen, Notary Public etc. etc., the worthy Juriaen Blanck and the honest Tryn- tie Klaessen, husband and wife, to me well known, both in possession of their reason, memory and power of speech, as they proved to us, the Notary and wit- nesses. Considering the shortness of human life, the certainty of death and the uncertain hour thereof and wishing to anticipate it by proper provision, they declare, that well advisedly, without being mis- led or fraudently persuaded by anybody, after first recommending their souls to the merciful hands of Almighty God and their bodies to an honest burial, further revoking and herewith annulling all former testaments or records of last will, by them hereto- fore made singly or together, not wishing that any- body may make use of such instrument, the same


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with all its clauses, paragraphs and bequest, being hereby declared worthless, void and powerless,- they now come anew to dispose of the estate, given them by God, which they may leave behind. They testify, that they give to each other, out of their love as married people, all the proceeds and benefits from all property, which the first dying shall leave, owned apparently or really, while both are living, to be by the survivor used, enjoyed, owned and admin- istered during life or until remarriage: they wish, that the survivor may so use and enjoy the estate without being bound to give account or inventory to (their) children, born in this marriage or in a former, to any one next of kin nor to the Orphanmasters of this or any other place nor to any body else, much less to give bail, notwithstanding some laws or ordinances of the Orphans Court of this or another place may call for it, which in this case they do not want to be operative, as they mutually trust each other and are sure, that the survivor will not defraud his or her children, but rather give them all possible assistance: thus the survivor shall be bound honestly to bring up their children, clothe them, make them go to school, provide for all their needs, let them learn a trade or an art, by which they may earn their own living, educate them to be virtuous, teach them to know and fear God and to endow them, when they marry or arrive at some other approved con- dition, as the estate will allow in conscience and equity. The survivor shall, in doing so, have full




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