USA > New York > Broome County > Broome County, New York, rural directory, 1917 > Part 30
USA > New York > Broome County > Broome County, New York, rural directory, 1917 > Part 30
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Pig ailments are numerous; we shall speak only of some of the most common.
It is always best to give medicines mixed with food or drink where possible. If the animal refuses food or drink and it is necessary to administer drugs, it may be done by placing a stout chain (an ordinary harness breast chain does very well) within the mouth and well back between the jaws, which are thus kept from crushing the bottle. Two or three men are necessary for the undertaking, one or two to hold the chain and one to pour the medicine. The head should be well elevated, which places the pig on his haunches. Do not pour the medicine fast enough to strangle the animal.
Hogs will not. do well when the skin is covered with filth. Bad air will bring on coughs; all corn for food, fever; a wet bed, rheumatism; and a big bunch together will breed disease. With a clean skin, good air, a variety of food, a dry bed and a few together, and lots of out- of-doors, they will do well.
When at pasture they find many roots, nuts and pebbles, besides being continu- ally active, which does more than food
277
BROOME COUNTY
RIVER EDGE PARK
Binghamton's high class suburban home sites. A water front Park on the Susquehanna River. With all improvements. Water, sewer, cement sidewalks, shade trees, hedges, etc.
For information address
Clear View Heights Co., Inc.
H. HOUSMAN, General Manager 302 Peoples Trust Bldg. BINGHAMTON, N. Y.
You want a PHONOGRAPH
That will play Victor, Edison, Columbia and all other makes of records perfectly
With a Clear Musical Tone With No Motor Noise
And Will do it Every Day
Without a Doctor
It is the SONORA
Binghamton Phonograph Co., Inc. Y. M. C. A. Bldg.
BINGHAMTON
NEW YORK
Ask for a Demonstration
278
CLASSIFIED BUSINESS DIRECTORY
for their hearty health, rapid and easy digestion and speedy, profitable growth.
THUMPS .- This disease is quite com- mon (especially in the early spring) and is exceedingly hard to handle when once contracted. More can be done to prevent than to cure. You visit the sow and lit- ter in the morning to give them their accustomed feed, and you notice that one of the fattest and plumpest ones does not leave his bed as do the others. You en- ter the sleeping room and compell him to come out, which he does somewhat reluctantly, and you will notice that his sides move with a peculiar jerking mo- tion, and if allowed he will soon return to his bed. Rest assured he has thumps, and nine chances to one he will die. It is caused by fatty accumulations about the breast, which interfere with its ac- tion, and the lungs work hard-pump for dear life to keep up the heart's action- to send the blood through the body. The pig is faint because of feeble circulation, and he is cold, and soon dies from ex- haustion or weakness. He has no strength to suck or move.
To prevent thumps, get over into the pen several times a day and hustle the little pigs about the pen; also stint the sow so that she will give less milk. Pigs when they stir about, and when they are thin in flesh, rarely have thumps.
Thumps rarely occurs among pigs far- rowed after the weather is fine, but does quite frequently occur among pigs far- rowed in early spring. If the weather is cold and stormy and the sow and litter keep their bed much, then be on the look- out for thumps. Guard against it by compelling both sow and litter to exer- cise in the open air.
CANKEROUS SORE MOUTH is a disease which is quite common' and which if not promptly taken in hand is often quite fatal. When pigs are from a few days to two weeks old, you may notice a slight swelling of the lips or a sniffling in the nose. An examination will show a whitish spongy growth on the sides of the mouth just inside the lips or around the teeth. This is cankerous sore mouth, and if not taken promptly in hand will result in the death of the entire litter, and will sometimes spread to other litters.
Some claim the disease is caused by damp and filthy beds, others say it comes from a diseased condition of the sow, and still others claim it is caused by the little pigs fighting over the teats and wounding each other with their sharp
teeth, and stoutly aver that if the teeth are promptly removed no case of sore mouth will ever occur.
Hold the pig firmly and with a knife or some cutting instrument remove all the spongy foreign growth, and be sure you get it all even though the pig may squeal and the wound bleed; your suc- cess in treating the disease will depend largely on the thoroughness with which you remove this foreign growth. After removing the fungous growth apply an ointment made of glycerine and carbolic acid in about the proportion of one part of the acid to from five to eight parts glycerine. Repeat this each day for three or four days and the disease will usually yield. You may discover in a day or two after commencing treatment that you did not succeed in removing all the cankerous growth at first, and if so, repeat the cutting operation till you do remove it all.
Another treatment which we have heard recommended is to catch the dis- eased pig and dip his nose and mouth up to his eyes in chlora naptholeum with- out diluting it. This is certainly easily done and is highly commended by the person suggesting it.
BLIND STAGGERS, INDIGESTION, SICK STOMACH, FOUNDER .- Causes, over-feed- ing, especially common with new corn; sour or decayed food. Sudden warm sultry weather predisposes in highly fed hogs. Insufficient exercise is also a pre- disposing cause.
Symptoms .- Loss of appetite, bowels constipated, or maybe diarrhoea. In some severe cases blind staggers and great paleness of mouth and nose, cold- ness of surface of body; abdomen may · be distended and drum-like from con- tained gases.
Treatment .- Remove sick animals, pro- vide clean, dry, well ventilated quarters, with chance for exercise, and fresh earth and water. If animal will eat, give light feed. Give charcoal in lump form, also mix soda bicarbonate in food at rate of two tablespoonfuls per day to each half-grown animal. It is rarely neces- sary to drench with medicine. If recov- ery begins, use care not to again feed too much.
MILK FEVER occurs in sows immedi- ately after farrowing or within the first few days afterwards. The symptoms are loss of milk, swollen, hard condition of the milk glands, which are more or less painful on pressure. Sow may not allow the pigs to suck; she may lie flat on her.
279
BROOME COUNTY
J. J. BELL SEED CO.
C. H. Putnam, Pres. F. D. Putnam, Mgr. DEPOSIT, N. Y.
Growers Dealers -:- Importers
Vegetable Seeds Pedigree Seed Corn
Flower Seeds Grass and Field Seeds
Plants and Bulbs Selected Seed Potatoes
Nursery Stock
Bell Telephone 1-W-
All our stock is selected for type, and every bag tested for germination. Catalog free. Special quotations on bulk seed and field seeds on request.
(No connection with any other seed company)
.
- WINDSOR NEW YORK - -
good in groceries & meats your patronage-Everything A trading place worthy of Choice Meats-Staple"". Fancy Groceries
D A MEAT MARKET BENNETTS
N GROCERY
but it's important that we direct you to Thanking you for turning this over
280
CLASSIFIED BUSINESS DIRECTORY
belly or stand up, and in extreme cases the sow has spells of delirium, in which she may destroy her young.
›Cause .- Injudicious feeding, overfeed- ing on milk-producing foods. Do not feed sow quite full rations for few days just before and after farrowing.
Treatment .- Give sow plenty of cool clean water; bathe the swollen glands for half hour at a time with water as warm as she will bear, dry thoroughly with soft cloth and give good dry pen. If bowels seem constipated give the sow internally one-half pint pure linseed oil. (Never use the boiled linseed oil used by painters; it is poisonous.) If the sow starts killing her young, or has no milk for them, it is best to take most of them, or all, away from her and feed by hand with spoon or ordinary rubber nipple and bottle. For this use one part boiled water and three parts cow's milk. The pigs may be returned to the sow if her milk returns. -
SCOURS among pigs is another common and very troublesome though not dan- gerous disease. This disease is not con- fined to any particular season, but is more common in the wet, damp weather of April and early May than in other seasons of the year.
As in thumps, remove the cause. This disease is almost invariably caused by some improper food eaten by the sow. A sour swill barrel is often the cause. It should be borne in mind that pigs once affected will be more liable to a recur- rence of the disease than those never affected, and greater care should be used with thet 1 for some weeks till they fully recover.
-
CONSTIPATION .- Cause, improper feed- ing, exclusive grain diet, lack of exer- cise. Not dangerous in itself, but fre- quently followed by prolapsus of the rec- tum, or what is commonly called piles. The constant straining causes this. The only remedy is laxative food and exer- cise. The protruding bowel must be washed clean as soon as seen and well covered with olive oil or lard. It should then be returned by applying firm pres- sure with the hand, and when once in place should be retained by three or more stitches of waxed linen or heavy silk thread, passed from side to side through the margins of the opening, care being used to take a deep hold in the skin.
While this operation is being done the · animal should be held by the hind legs by two assistants, thus elevating the hind
quarters. Allow stitches to remain two or three weeks.
RHEUMATISM .- A disease of the joints, manifested by pain, heat and lameness, with swelling of one or several joints. There may be high fever and loss of ap- petite. May be acute and rapid in its course, or slow, chronic and resulting in permanent enlargements of the bones of the legs, especially the knee and hock.
Causes .- Primarily deranged digestion, lack of exercise ; dampness and exposure to draughts of cold air also a cause. The tendency to rheumatism is heredi- tary in certain families of hogs.
Treatment .- Endeavor to prevent by proper exercise, food and attention to surroundings. Do not breed rheumatic specimens even if fully recovered from lameness. In acute cases an adult hog. should have twice or three times daily one drachm salicylate soda. -
ASTAMA sometimes occurs in adult hogs.
Symptoms .- Shortness of breath on lease exercise, noisy breathing, more or less intermittent. Do not breed ; butcher early.
CONGESTION OF THE LUNGS sometimes occurs, the result of driving or chasing. May be rapidly fatal.
Symptoms. - Sudden shortness of breath and sudden great weakness. The hog is not adapted to rapid driving; if it must be driven at all, give plenty of time.
PNEUMONIA (LUNG FEVER) may fol- low congestion of the lungs; may be in- duced by crowding too many hogs to- gether, when they heat and become moist, after which they are in poor con- dition to withstand cold.
Symptoms .- Loss of appetite, chills, short cough, quick breathing.
Treatment .- Separate sick at once from the drove; give dry quarters with abundance of dry bedding; tempt appe- tite with small quantities of varied food. Apply to sides of chest, enough to moisten the skin, twice daily, alcohol and turpentine equal parts; continue until skin becomes somewhat tender.
TETANUS (LOCK-JAW) .- Caused by in- troduction into the system of the tetanus bacteria, which gains entrance through a wound.
Symptoms .- A stiffness of more or less the entire muscular system, gener- ally most marked in the jaws, which are greatly stiffened. Eating very slow, or entirely stopped; appetite not lost.
Treatment .- Some cases recover if
281
BROOME COUNTY
Always call for
O. K. Ice Cream
at your dealer's, and at your home use
the Broome County
Pasteurized
Milk, Cream and Buttermilk
Binghamton Ice Cream Co.
Ice Cream Factory Phone 3146
Broome County Dairy Phone 422
Binghamton,
N. Y.
282
CLASSIFIED BUSINESS DIRECTORY
carefully . nursed. Give nourishing drinks, elevate trough or bucket so the patient can get its snout into the drink; give dissolved in hot water and mixed with the slop forty grains bromide of potash two or three times daily until im- provement is noticed. Do not attempt to drench. Any wound which seems to be a cause should be cleansed and wet often with five per cent. solution of car- bolic acid and water.
LICE .- Very commonly found upon hogs. They are introduced by new pur- chases or by visiting animals.
Caution .- Examine the newly pur- chased hog well on this point before placing with the drove. Hog lice are quite large and easily detected on clean white animals, but not readily on dark or dirty skins.
Remedy .- Wash well with soap and water, if weather is not too cold, then warm water, if weather is not too cold, then apply enough petroleum and lard, equal parts, to give the skin a complete greasing. If weather is too cold for wash- ing, clean with stiff brush. Creolin one part to water five parts is also a safe and sure remedy. Two or more applications are necessary at intervals of four or five days to complete the job. The wood- work of pens and rubbing places must be completely whitewashed.
MANGE .- Caused by a microscopic parasite which lives in the skin at the roots of the bristles.
Symptoms .- Intense itching with red- ness of the skin from the irritation of rubbing. Rather rare, but very con- tagious.
Treatment. - Separate diseased ani- mals; scrub them thoroughly with warm water and strong soap; apply ointment composed of lard, one pound ; carbonate of potash, one ounce; flor. sulphur, two ounces; wash and re-apply every four . days.
MAGGOTS .- The larvæ of the ordinary blow-fly frequently infests wounds on hogs during the summer months. Watch all wounds during hot weather; keep them wet frequently with creolin one part and water six parts, or five per cent. watery solution carbolic acid. If the maggots gain entrance to the wound, ap- ply either above remedies freely, or ordi- nary turpentine with a brush or common oil can.
ROUND WORMS. - Very common in shotes and young hogs, not apparently harmful, unless in great numbers, when they cause loss of flesh. They may be
exterminated by keeping the hog without food for twenty-four hours, and giving to each shote or old pig one tablespoon- ful of turpentine thoroughly beaten up with one egg and one-half pint of milk.
TUBERCULOSIS (CONSUMPTION). - A contagious disease common in man, cat- tle and not rare in the hog.
Symptoms .- Loss of flesh, cough, diar- rhœa, swelling about the head and neck, which may open and discharge with little tendency to heal; death in from few weeks to months. Post mortem shows various sized tubercles, which may be situated in any part of the body, most commonly in the bowels, lungs, liver, or glands of the neck.
Causes .- Direct contagion from other hogs, but generally from feeding milk from tuberculous cows, or by eating butcher offal from such cows.
Prevention .- Care as to the source of the milk fed; if suspicious, boiling will render it safe. Do not feed butcher offal; separate suspicious hogs at once, and if satisfied they are tuberculous, kill and bury deep, or burn them. The tuber- culin test can be applied to the remainder of drove, as without it it is impossible to say how many may be diseased.
WOUNDS generally heal readily in the hog if kept clean and free from maggots. The result of neglected castration wounds is sometimes serious. Have the animal clean as possible when castrated, and endeavor to keep it clean and give opportunity for abundant exercise until wound is healed. There is probably nothing better and safer to apply to wounds of the hog than creolin one part, water six parts.
TRAVEL SICKNESS .- Similar to ordinary sea-sickness in man; very common in shipping pigs by wagon.
Symptoms .- Vomiting, diarrhea, great depression; scldom if ever fatal. May be rendered must less severe by very light feeding before shipment.
To Find the Amount of Wall Paper Required to Paper a Room
Measure the distance around the room deduct the width of each window and door, take two-thirds of result. Divide this result by the number of strips that can be cut from each roll and you have the number of rolls required. A roll is generally a foot and a half wide, 24 feet long and contains 36 square feet, or 4 square yards. .
283
BROOME COUNTY
SPRAYING CALENDAR
PLANT
APPLE (Scab, rot, rust, codling moth, bud moth, tent cater- pillar, canker worm, cur- culio, etc.)
ASPARAGUS (Rust, beetles.)
BEAN (Anthracnose, leaf blight, weevil, etc.)
CABBAGE (Worms, etc.)
lice, maggots,
CELERY (Blight, rot , leaf spot, rust, caterpillars.)
CHERRY (Rot, aphis, slug, curculio, black knot, leaf blight, or spot, etc.)
CURRANT GOOSEBERRY (Worms, leaf blight.).
GRAPE
(Fungous diseases, Rose bugs, lice, flea, beetle, leaf hopper, etc.)
MELONS CUCUMBERS (Mildew, rot, blight, striped bugs, lice, flea beetle, etc.)
PEACH (Rot, mildew, leaf curl, curculio, etc.)
PEAR AND QUINCE (Leaf blight, scab, psylla, codling moth, blister mite, slugs, etc.)
PLUM
(Curculio, black knot, leaf bliaht. brown rot, etc.)
POTATO (Flea beette, Colorado beetle, blight rot, etc.)
TOMATO (Rot, blight, etc.)
FIRST APPLICATION
When buds are swelling, but before they open, Bor- deaux.
Cut off all shoots below surface regularly until about July 1st.
Treat the seed before planting with bisulphide of carbon. (See remarks.) When third leaf expands, Bordeaux.
Pyrethrum or insect pow- der.
Half strength Bordeaux on young plants in hotbed or seedbed.
As buds are breaking, Bordeaux; when aphis ap- pear, tobacco solution or kerosene emulsion.
At first appearance of worms, hellebore.
In spring, when buds swell, Bordeaux.
Bordeaux, when vines be- gin to run.
As the buds swell, Bor- deaux.
As buds are swelling,
Bordeaux.
When buds are swelling, Bordeaux.
Spray with Paris green and Bordeaux when about 4 in. high.
When plants are 6 in. high, Bordeaux.
SECOND APPLICATION
If canker worms are abun- dant just before blossoms open, Bordeaux-arsenical mixture.
After cutting ceases, let the shoots grow and spray them with Bordeaux-arseni- cal mixture.
10 days later, Bordeaux.
7-10 days later, repeat.
Bordeaux, after plants are transplanted to field. (Pyre- thrum for
caterpillars if necessary.)
When blossoms drop, Bor- deaux-arsenical mixture.
. 10 days later, hellebore. Bordeaux if leaf blight is feared.
Just before flowers unfold, Bordeaux-arsenical mixture.
10-14 days repeat. (Note; Always use half strength Bordeaux on watermelon vines.)
When fruit has set, repeat. Jar trees for curculio.
Just before blossoms open, Bordeaux. Kerosene emul- sion when leaves open for psylla, if needed.
When blossoms have fallen, Bordeaux-arsenical mixture. Begin to jar trees for cur- culio.
Repeat before insects be- come numerous.
Repeat in 10-14 davs. (Fruit can be wiped if dis- figured by Bordeaux.)
NOTE .- For San Jose scale on trees and shrubs, spray with the lime-sulphur mixture in autumn after leaves fall, or (preferably) in early spring, before buds start. The lime-sulphur
284
CLASSIFIED BUSINESS DIRECTORY
Prescriptions and Stock Recipes Carefully Compounded ENGLISH'S PHARMACY WINDSOR, NEW YORK
HOTEL METRUS
Cigars and Tobacco Pool Parlors
John Metrus, Prop.
21 Crandall Street BINGHAMTON, N. Y.
RHODE ISLAND REDS TURKEYS
BREEDING STOCK EGGS YOUNG BIRDS
WILLIAM R. FROST JOHNSON CITY, - NEW YORK
SEE US FIRST FOR Furniture-Stoves-Rugs AND EVERYTHING FOR THE HOME BUY A NORMAN RANGE "NONE BETTER MADE"
Griffin Housefurnishing Co. 123 State St.
3 Doors North of Sisson's Binghamton, N. Y.
285
BROOME COUNTY
M. E. LEWIS Heating Contractor
High and Low Pressure Steam Fitting.
Hot Water Heating and Ventilating Engines, Boilers, Radiators, Valves, Pipe, Fittings, Etc. 79 State Street BINGHAMTON, N. Y.
GENERAL INSURANCE Fire, Life, Accident and Health, Tornado, Rent, Auto Dwellings for Sale and Rent Village and Farm Property Bought and Sold
S. A. MAY
514 Main St., Allen Block WHITNEY POINT, N. Y.
Binghamton's Leading Jeweler For 45 Years J. M. HENWOOD 8th Floor PRESS BUILDING
This house has always stood for honest goods at fair prices. Everything sold on truthful representation. SPECIAL ATTENTION TO
(Take the Elevator)
Jewelry and Watch Repairing You may send such work by insured parcel post, and we will return same after doing the best work at our usual moderate prices. SCISSORS GROUND-send them to us by parcel post.
M. J. LIVINGSTON Grocer
We Aim to Please Our Stock is Fresh
A Satisfied Customer Smiles Keep Trading with Us and Keep Smiling WINDSOR NEW YORK
286
CLASSIFIED BUSINESS DIRECTORY
SPRAYING CALENDAR
THIRD APPLICATION.
FOURTH APPLICATION.
REMARKS.
When blossoms
have fallen. Bor-
deaux-arsenical ture.
mix-
8-12 days later, Bordeaux - arsenical mixture.
For aphis (lice) use one of the lice remedies mentioned elsewhere. Dig out borers from tree trunks with knife and wire. For oyster- shell scale, use whale-oil soap spray in June.
2-3 weeks later, Bor- deaux-arsenical mix-
Repeat in 2-3 weeks.
Mow vines close to ground when they are killed by frost, burn them, and apply a mulch of stable manure.
14 days later, Bor- deaux.
14 days later, Bor- deaux.
For weevils: Put seed in tight box, put a cloth over seed, pour bisulphide of carbon on it, put lid on and keep closed for 48 hours. Use 1 oz. to 4 bus. of seed.
7-10 days later, re- peat.
Repeat every 10-14 days until crop 02 gathered.
Root maggots: Pour carbolic acid emulsion around stem of plants. Club root: Rotate crops; apply lime to soil; burn refuse; treat seed with formalin before planting.
14 days later, re- peat.
14 days later, re- peat.
Rot or rust is often caused by hilling up with earth in hot weather. Use boards for summer cro ... Pithy stalks are due to poor seed; or lack of moisture.
10-14 days, Bor- deaux.
Hellebore, if a second brood of slugs appear.
Black knot: Dark fungous-looking bunches or knots on limbs. Cut off and burn whenever seen.
10-14 days, repeat, if necessary.
2 to 4 weeks later, repeat.
Cane-borers may be kept in check by cutting out and burning infested canes.
When fruit has set, Bordeaux - arsenical mixture.
2 to 4 weeks later, Bordeaux.
For lice, use any of the lice remedies. For rose bugs, use 10 pounds of arsenate of lead and one gallon of molasses in 50 gallons of water, as a spray. Or knock the bugs into pans of kerosene every day.
10-14 days, repeat.
10-14 days, repeat.
Use lice remedies for lice. For striped bugs, protect young plants with a cover of mosquito netting over each hill. Or keep vines well dusted with a mixture of air-slaked lime, to- bacco dust and a little Paris green.
When fruit is one- half grown, Bor-
deaux.
NOTE :- It is safer always to use half- strength Bordeaux on peach foliage.
Dig out borers. Cut down and burn trees affected with "yellows."
After blossoms have fallen. Bordeaux-ar- senical mixture.
8-12 days later, re- peat.
Look out for "fire blight." Cut out and burn blighted branches whenever seen.
days later, repeat.
10-20 days later, Bordeaux.
Cut out black knot whenever seen.
Repeat for blight, rot and insects.
Repeat.
To prevent scabby tubers, treat the seed with formalin before planting.
Repeat in 10-14 days.
Hand-pick tomato worms.
mixture is a fungicide as well as a scale cure, and if it is used the first early Bordeavr spray may be omitted.
287
10-14
ture.
BROOME COUNTY
SPRAYING FORMULAS
FUNGICIDES .- Bordeaux mixture is made by taking three pounds of sulphate of copper, four pounds of quicklime, fifty gallons of water. To dissolve the copper sulphate, put it into a coarse cloth bag and suspend the bag in a re- ceptacle partly filled with water. Next, slake the lime in a tub, and strain the milk of lime thus obtained into another receptacle. Now get some one to help you, and with buckets, simultaneously pour the two liquids into the spraying barrel or tank. Lastly, add sufficient water to make fifty gallons. It is safe to use this full-strength Bordeaux on almost all foliage-except, perhaps, on extra tender things, such as watermelon vines, peach trees, etc. For these it is wiser to use a half-strength mixture.
FORMALIN .- This is also called for- maldehyde, and may be purchased at drug stores. Its principal use is to treat seed potatoes to prevent "scab." Soak the whole seed for two hours in a mixture of one-half pint formalin and fifteen gallons of cold water; dry the seed, cut, and plant in ground that has not recently grown potatoes.
BORDEAUX COMBINED WITH INSECT POISON .- By adding one-quarter pound of Paris green to each fifty gallons of Bordeaux, the mixture becomes a com- bined fungicide and insecticide. Or, instead of Paris green, add about two pounds of arsenate of lead. The advan- tages of arsenate of lead over Paris green are, first, it is not apt to burn foliage even if used in rather excessive quantities; and, second, it "sticks" to the foliage, etc., better and longer.
INSECTICIDES .- ARSENATE 0 F LEAD .- This is the best insecticide for chewing insects, and is for sale by seeds- men. Use about two pounds in fifty gallons of water.
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