USA > New York > Cortland County > Gazetteer and business directory of Cortland County, N. Y., for 1869 > Part 6
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A mere copy of an instrument is not anb- ject to stamp duty unless it is a certified one, in which case a five-cent stamp should be affixed to the certificate of the person attesting it: but when an instrument is executed and i -- ued in duplicate. triplicate, &e., as in the case of a lease of two or more parts, each part has the same legal effect as the other, and cach should be stamped as an original.
41
POSTAL RATES AND REGULATIONS.
POSTAL RATES AND REGULATIONS.
LETTERS .- The law requires postage on all letters (including those to foreign coun- tries when prepaid, excepting those writ- ten to the President or Vice President, or members of Congress, or (on official bust- ness) to the chiefs of the executive depart- ments of the Government, and the heads of bureaux and chief clerks, and others invest- ed with the franking privilege, to be pre- paid by stamps or stamped envelopes, pre- payment in money being prohibited.
All drop-letters must be prepaid. The rate of po-tage on drop-letters, at offices where free delivery by carrier is establish- ed, is two cents per half ounce or fraction of & half ounce ; at offices where such free delivery is Sor established the rate is one cent.
The ringle rate of postage on all domes- tic mail letters throughout the United States. is three cents per half ounce, with an additional rate of three cents for each additional half ounce or fraction of a half ounce. The ten cent (Pacific) rate is abol- i-hed.
NEWSPAPERS, ETC .- Letter postage is to be charged on all handhills, circulars. or other printed matter which shall contain any mamiscript writing whatever.
Daguerreotypes, when sent in the mail, are to be charged with letter postage by weight.
Photograph- on cards, paper, and other flexible material. (not in cases), can be sent at the same rate as mi-cellaneous printed matter. viz .. two cents for each four ounces or fraction thereof.
Photograph Albums are chargeable with book po-tage -- four cents for each four ounces or fraction thereof.
NEWSPAPER POSTAGE .- Po-inge on daily papery to sub-eribers when prepaid quar- terly or yearly in advance, e.ther at the mailing office or office of delivery, per quarter (three months), 35 cts. ; - ix times per week, per quarter 30 cts. ; for tri-week- ly, per quarter 15 ets. ; for semni.we, kly, per quarter 10 cts. ; for weekly, per quarter 5 Ct 1.t -.
Weekly newspapers (one copy only) stut by the publisher to actual subscribers with- in the county where printed and published, FREE.
Postage per quarter (to be paid quarterly or yearly in advance) on newspapers and periodicals issued less frequently than once a week, sent to actual subscribers in any part of the United States : Semi-monthly, not over 4 0z., S cts ; over 4 oz. and not over S oz., 12 cts. : over Soz. and not over 12 oz., 18 ets. ; monthly, not over 4 oz., 3 ct - ; over 4 oz. and not over 8 oz., 6 cts. : over s oz. and not over 12 oz., 9 cts. ; quarterly, not over 4 oz., 1 cent ; over 4 oz. and not over 8 oz., 2 cts. ; over 8 oz. and not over 12 oz., 3 cts.
TRANSIENT MATTER .-- Books not over 4 oz. in weight, to one address, 4 cte. ; over 4 oz. and not over s oz., 8 cts. ; over 8 oz. and not over 12 oz., 12 cts. ; over 12 oz, and not over 16 oz., 16 cts.
Circulars not exceeding three in number to one address, 2 cte. ; over 3 and not over 6, 4 cts. ; over 6 and not over 9, 6 cts. ; over 9 and not exceeding 12, 8 cts.
On miscellaneous mailable matter. (em- bracing all pamphlets, occasional publica- tions, transient newspapere. hand-bills and posters, book manuscripts and proof-sheets, whether corrected or not, maps, prints, en- cravings, sheet music, blanks, flexible pst. terns, samples, and sample carde, photo- graphic paper, letter envelopes, po=tai chi- velopes or wrappers, cards, paper, plain or ornamental, photographic representations of different types, tecds, cuttings, buib -. roots and scions,) the postage to be pre-paid by stamps, is on one package, to one ad- dress, not over 4 oz. in weight, 2 ets. : over 4 oz. and not over 8 oz., 4 cts .; over soz. and not over 12 oz., 6 cts. : over 12 oz. and not over 16 oz .. Sets. The weight of pack- ages of seeds, cuttings, root- and scion3, to be franked, is limited to thirty-two ounces.
[ALL printed matter (except single cop- ies of newelmpers, magazines, and periodi- cals to regular sub-cribers) sent via over- Iand mail, is to be charged at LETTER POST- AGE rates.]
Any word or communication, whether by printh.g. writing, marks or signs, upon the cover or wrapper of a newspaper, pamphlet. ongazine, or other printed matter, other than the name or address of the person to whom it is to be sent, and the date when the subscription expires, subjects the pack- age to letter postage.
----
FOREIGN
POSTAGE.
Letters per one-half ounce.
Newspapers if not over 4 oz., pre-payment compulsory.
Books, Packets, Prints, Patterns, or Ammaples, per 4 ounces, pre- payment compulsory.
COUNTRIES.
By Direct Mail.
Closed Mail vla England.
By Direct Mail.
Closed Mail via
By direct Mail.
Closed Mnil via England.
Paid. | Unp'd. Centa. Cente.
Paid. Cents.
Unp'd
Courts.
Conts.
Centy.
Cents.
North Gorman Union, (including all the
10
1 10
15
15
3
4
8
German States and Austria). ... ... ...
13
11
18
19
8
1t
13
Sweden ..
16
18
21
23
13
1.4
10
Norway.
20
23
25
28
6
8
10
Russia ..
15
18
20
23
10
11
13
15
Switzerland.
15
15
20
20
17
18
20
222
Greece.
19
19
14
15
19
7
8
10
12
Papa! Statey
13
13
18
18
7
9
10
.
10
12
Turkey ..
15
15
20)
20
8
10
1%
Egypt ..
15
15
20
20
MONEY ORDERS .- Absolute Anfety in sending money by mail is secured by obtaining a Money Order, on any Money Order Office, for which the fees are :- Orders not exceeding $20, 10 cents. Orders not exceeding $50, 25 cents. CZ- NEVER PUT MONEY IN A LETTER-ALWAYS PROCURE A MONEY ORDER.
Valuable Letters should be carried to the Post-office. If money is to be remitted, a Postal Money Order should be obtains l. If upon points where there is no Money Order Office, then the letter should be registered. Money should never be enclosed in an ordinary latter.
STAMPA AND ENVELOPE- Can beobtained at the BOX DELIVERY. Envelopes in munbers not less than 500 with the "address of the purchaser," and a "return request," across the end, can be procured (by leaving an order with the Post-master.) at the same prices as ordinary stamped envelopes.
REGISTERED LETTERS .- Valuable Letters for any part of the United States, Holland. United Kingdom, Italian States, Africa, East Indies, Egypt, Falkland lelande, China, and Australia, will be registered on application at the office. Registry fee to the above foreign countries, 16 cents. Registry fee in the U'nfled States, 20 cents; Canada and the British Provinces, 5 cents ; North Germany, S centr. fr- Letters addressed to Post- MASTERs toust be prepaid at the usual rates. Rekry :- 1. Direct Letters plainly to the street and number, as well as the Post-ofice and State.
2. Head letters with the name of the writer's Post office und State, Street and Number. Sign them with full name, and request that answers be directed accordingly.
3. Letters sent to strangers or transient visitors in a town or city, whose special address may be unknown, should be marked on the lower left hand corner with the word " Transient."
1 Place the postage stamp on the upper right hand corner, and leave space between the stamp and direction for post marking, without Interfering with the writing. N B .- A request for the return of a letter to the writer, it unclaimed within thirty days or less, written or printed, with the writer's name, Post Office and State across the left hand side of the envelope, on the face ride, will be complied with. Letters bearing such indorsemonts will be returned to the writer free of charge.
POSTAL RATES AND REGULATIONS.
42
7
10
8
Italy (via Austria).
14
Moldavia and Wallachia
9
1
8
Denmark .
Cents.
£
43
POSTAL RATES AND REGULATIONS.
Additional Table of Foreign Postage.
The * indicates that, unless the letter is registered, pre-payment is optional ; in all other cases it is required. § Pamphlets and Periodicals, ten cents per four ounces or fraction thereof. ; Pamplilet-, Magazines, &c., two cents per four onuces or fraction there.f.
Lettere.
COUNTRIES.
1oz 3:02
News
papers.
Puhlets
per oz. !
Acapulco
10
2
Argentine Republic, 22d each month from N. Y
18
95
Asp.nwall ..
10
Australia, British Mail, vha Panama.
22
6
Bahamas, by dirret steamer from New York.
5
Bogota, New Granada.
1S
6
Bolivia.
34
Braziis, 22d each month from New York.
*10
Buenos Ayres, 22d each month from New York.
18
25
Canada. any distance, of not prepaid. 10 cts.).
* 6
Central America, Pacific Slope, via Panama
10
Chili, British Mail, vis Panama.
34
China, via San Francisco.
10
2
Costa Rica
10
Cuba
10
Eenador. British Mail. via Panama.
31
Guatemala
10
2
++
Honduras
34
Hong Kong, via San Francisco.
10)
Japan, via San Francisco.
10
Montevideo. 22d each month from N. Y.
18
25
Nassan, N. Prov., by direct steamer from N. T.
5
New Brunswick.
*10
New foundland. (15 c. it over 3.000 miles).
10
New Granada, weexcept A-piewall and Panama).
18
Nicaragua, Pacific Slope, Via Panama.
10
do Gulf Coast of.
31
Novia Scotia (* 15 cts. if over 3.000 miles)
*10
Panama
10
Peru. British Mail. via Panama ..
34
6
Prince Haward's Island. furder 3,000 miles).
*10)
Sandwich Islands, by mail to San Francisco.
10
Turk's Island ...
10
Uruguay, by Am. pkt. 22d each month from N. Y.
1S
Vancouver's Island.
10
Venezuela. British Mail, via Aspinwall.
1 .5
4
do by American Ven. packet
10
3
The recent postal treaty with Great Britain provides that besides letters and newspa- pers. "book packets," and " packets of patterns and sampler," may be cent. Such packets --
1. Must contain no writing.
2. Must be fully prepaid (6 cents per 4 ounces from the U. S., or 3 pence sterling from Great Britain.)
3. Must be open at the ends to allow inspection.
Samples of merchandise must not be of intrinsic value.
Dutiable articles-books, music, &c., sent from Great Britain to the United States. rou-t. in addition to the postage, pry the regular duties, which are-On books ami engravings, 25 per cent .; music and photographs. 20 per cent.
If letters or articles sent to Italy are not prepaid, or are insufficiently paid, they will be charged with deficient postage, and subject to ilne, on arrival at their destination.
4
Porto Rico. Bri'sh Mail, via Havana or San Juan.
19
6
Mexico.
10
2
++
2
44
RULES FOR DETECTING COUNTERFEIT BANK NOTES.
Infallible Rules for Detecting Counterfeit or Spurious Bank Notes.
RULE Ist. - Examine the shading of the ) fine letters. Counterfeits never bear the letters in title of Bank called LATHEWORK, imprint perfect. This rule should be strict- Is observed, as it is infallible in detecting counterfeits. which in genuine notes presents an even, straight, light and silky appearance, gen- erally so fine and smooth as to appear to be ull in one solid, pale body. In the counter- frit the lines are coarse and irregular, and in many of the longer lines breaks will be perceived, thus presenting a very inferior finish in comparison to genuine work.
ad .- Observe the dies, circles and ovals in the genuine: they are composed of a network of lines, which, by crossing each other at certain angles, produce an endless variety of figures ; SEE THE ONE CENT STAMP ATTACHED. The tine line alone is the unit which enables you to detect spurions work. In the counterfeit, the REPRESENTED white lines are coarse, irregular, and cross each other in a confused, irregular manner. this producing . blurred and imperfect figures.
3d .- Examine the form and features of all human figures on the note. In the gen- nine, the texture of the -kin is represented by fine dots and lines intermixed. In the eyes, the pupil is distinctly visible, and the white clearly scen : the nose, mouth and chin, well formed, natural and expressive ; the lips are slightly pouting, and the chin well thrown out; and the delicate shading of the neck perfectly harmonizes with the rest of the figure. Observe the fingers and to's : they should be clearly and accurately defined. The hair of the bead should show the fine strand, and preseut a natural ap- pearance. The fold, of the drapery of hu- man fizures -hould lay natural and present a fine, finished appearance. In the counter- feit the fenmile figure does not bear the natural prominence in outlines; observe. the eyes and shading surrounding does not present the lifelike appearance it shouldl. The finger- and toes are not properly and proportionately defined ; the hair does not bear that soft and finished appearance as in the genuine.
5th .- In the genuine note the landscapes are well finished ; trees and shrubs are neatly drawn ; the limb- well proportioned. and the foliage presenting a fine natural appearance : clear sky is formed of fine parallel lines, and when clonds or heavy skies appear, they cross each other. and bear a roft, smooth and natural appear- ance. The perspective. showing a view of the surrounding country. is always clear and distinct. The small figures in the background are always plainly seen, and their ontlines and general character re- cognized. Ships are well defined and the canvass has a clear texture : railroad cars are very accurately delineated ; in examin- ing a train observe carefully the car most distant. In the counterfeit the landscape is usually poorly executed ; the leaves of trees poorly and minaturally defined .- The lines representing still water are Feratchy rather than parallel, the sky is represented generally in like manner, and where rolling clouds are to be seen, the unnatural effect is obvious. Domestic animals are generally poorly executed. particularly the head and limbs ; the eyes are seldom clearly defined. Ships are poorly drawn, the texture of the canvass coarse and inferior in style of workman- ship, thus giving an artificial appearance. Railroad cars are also poorly executed ; the car farthest from the eye is usually the most imperfect. The perspective is always imperfect, the figures in the background can seldom be recognized.
6th .- Bills altered from a smaller to a higher denomination, can readily be de. tected by a close observer. in consequence of the striking difference between the parts which have been extracted and the rest of the note. This difference is readily per- ceived in the lack of color, body and finish of the dye; we have even bills where the
4th. - Examine the imprint or engraver's names in the evenness and shape of the | surrounding shading in altered dies was
45
HOW TO SUCCEED IN BUSINESS.
too dark, bot from the back or finish of the | tected by observing first the state, second white lines you have a sure test. Again the title or name of the bank, third the town or location. observe particularly the words " Five " or " Ten Dollars " as the cave may be, denot - ing the denomination of the note; the parallel ontlines and shading (if any) are coarse and imperfect. Alterations are fre- quently made by pasting a greater denomi- nation over a smaller, but by holding the bill up to the light, the fraud will be per- ceived. Another method resorted to is to cut out the figures in the dies as well as the words one dollar, or the words two or three as the ca-e may be, and with a sharp eraser, serape down the ends and also the edges of the pieces to be inserted; when the pieces thus preparel are affixed they are hardly perceivable; but by passing the note through the hand. so as to feel the die both with the finger and thumb at the same time, the frand will be de- tected by the stithness of the outer edges. " occasioned by the gum or method adopted" ic affixing the parts. The letter S should always be examined, as in many alterations it is pasted or stamped at the end of the word " dollar ;" and even when stamped there. the carrying out of the out- lines for its shading will readily show the fraud. Bills of broken banks are frequent-
GENERAL REMARKS IN REFERENCE TO COUNTERFEITS .- The paper on which they are printed is generally of a very inferior quality, with less body, finish and tough- ness than bank note paper has. The ink generally lacks the rich luster of the gen- uine ; the red letters and figures are gen- erally imperfect. and the ink does not pre- sent the vermillion hue as it should. The printing is generally inferior. usually ex- hibiting specks of white in the mo-t promi- nent letters. The date and filling up, and the President's and Cashier's names are generally written by the same person. although in many instances they present a different appearance. There are bills in circulation bearing either gennine dies or vignettes ; but npon close examination you will be enabled to detect any spurious bill, whether counterfeit or altered, by the instructions here given, if persevered in for & short time. We beg to suggest, it time will admit, the learner should examine minutely every bill he receives. A pow. erful pocket magnifying glass, which can be purchased for trom fifty cents to one dol- lar at any of the opticians, will greatly co- ly altered by extracting the name of bank, jable you to see and comprehend the ditier- state and town; they may readily be de- | ence between genuine and spurious work.
HOW TO SUCCEED IN BUSINESS.
What will my readers give to know how | her shrine. Now, all this is a vile slander to get rich ? Now, I will not vouch that npon the dear blind lady. the following rules will enable every per- Although wealth often appears the result of mere accident, or a fortunate concur- rence of favorable circumstances without any exertion of skill or tore-icht, yet any man of sonnd health and unimpaired mind may become wealthy, if he takes the prop- er steps. Non who may read them to acquire wealth ; but this I will answer for, that if ever a man does grow rich by honest means, and retains hi- wealth for any length of time, he must practice upon the principles laid down in the following essay. The re- marks are not original with me, but I strongly commend thema to the attention of every young man, at least as affording the true secret of ruecers in attaining wealth. A single peru-sl of such the-say at an impressible moment, has sometimes a very wonderful effect upon the disposi- tion and character.
Foremost in the list of requisites are honesty and strict integrity in every trans- action of life. Let a maa have the reputa- tion of being fair and upright in his dral- ingy, and he will porses the confidence of all who know him. Without these qualities every other merit will prove unavailing. Ark concerning & man, " Is be active and capable ?" Yes. "Industrious, tempet- ate and regular in his habits ? "-Oh y ... "f- he honest ? Is he trustworthy ?" Why, as to that, I am sorry to say that he is not to be trusted : he needs watening ; he is a little tricky, and will take an undde advantage, if he can. "Then I will have
Fortune, they any, is a fickle dame-fall of her freak- and caprices; who blindly di-tribute- her favors without the sieht et discrimination. So inconstant. po WaVer. ing is the represented, that her most faith- ful votaries can place no reliance on her promises. Disappointment, they tell us, ; je the lot of those who make offerings at [ nothing to do with him," will be the in-
46
HOW TO SUCCEED IN BUSINESS.
variable reply. Why. then. is honesty the ! Argus beforehand. and the hundred bands best policy ? Because, without it. you will ' of Briarius afterwards. get a bad name, and everybody will shun : yon.
A character for knavery will prove an in- surmountable obstacle to success in al- mo-t every undertaking. It will be found that the straight line is, in business. as in grometry, the shortest. In a word, it is almost impossible for a dishonest man to, done, and how it is to be done, lose no acquire wealth by a regular process of bus- iness. because he is shunned as a depreda- tor upon society.
Needy men are apt to deviate from the rnle of integrity, under the plea that he- ceunity knows no law ; they might as well add that it knows no shame. The course is suicidal. and by destroying all confidence, ever krops them immared in poverty. although they may possess every other quality for succes- in the world.
Punctuality, which is said to be the soul of business, is another important element in the art of money getting. The man known to be scrupulously exact in the ful- fillment of his engagements, gains the confidence of all, and may command al! the means he can use with advantage : whereas, a man careless and regardless of his promises in money matter- will have every purse closed against him. Therefore be prompt in your payments.
Order and system in the management of business must not be neglected. Nothing contributes more to dispatch. Have a place for everything and everything in its pince ; a time for everything, and every- thing in its time. Do first what presses most, and having determined what is to be
time in doing it. Without this method all is hurry and confusion, little or nothing is accomplished, and business is attended to with neither pleasure nor profit.
A polite, affable deportment is recom- marcinled. Agreeable manners coutribute powerfully to a man's success. Take two Lien, possessing equal advantages in every other respect, but let one be gentlemanly, kind, obliging and conciliating in his man- hery : the other harsh, rude and disobliging; and the one will become rich, while the other will starve.
We are now to consider a very important principle in the business of money-getting, namely-Industry - persevering, indefati- gable attention to business. Persevering diligence is the Philosopher's stone, which turns everything to gold. Constant. regu- lar habitual and systematic application to business, must in time, it properly directed, produce great results. It must lead to wealth. with the same certainty that pov- erty follows in the train of idleness and inattention. It has been truly remarked
Next, Int us consider the advantages of a cantions circumspection in our inter- cour-e with the world. Slowness of be- hef and a proper distrust are essential to, that he who follows his amusement- in- success. The credulous and confiding are . stead of his basine-s. will. in a short time, ever the dupes of knaves and impostors .; bave no business to follow. Ach those who have lost their property how it happened. and you will find in most cases that it has been owing to mis- Dlared confidence. One has lost by en- dor-ing. another by crediting, another bwv fal-e representations; all of which a life's more foresight and a little more die- trust would have prevented. In the af- ! gance, so most large fortunes have been fair4 of this world men are not saved by faith. but by the want of it.
The art of money -- aving is an important part of the art of money getting. Without frugality no one can become rich ; with it, few would be poor. Those who consumie as fast as they produce. are on the road to ruin. As most of the poverty we meet with grows out of idleness and extrava- the result of habitual industry and frugali- ty. The practice of economy is as neces- sars in the expenditure of time as of money. They say if " we take care of the pence the pounds will take care of them- selvea." So. if we take care of the minutes, the days will take care of them- sulves.
Jadre of men by what they do. not by wLit they say. Believe in looks rather than words. Observe all their movements. Ascertain their motives and their ends. Notice what they say or do in their nn- guarded moments, when under the influ- ence of excitement. The passions have The acquisition of wealth demands as much self denist, and as many sacrifices of present gratification, as the practice of virtue itself. Vice and poverty proceed. i some degree, from the same sources, pamely-the disposition to sacrifice the future to the present ; the inability to fore- go a small prevent pleasure for great future advantages. Men fail of fortune in this world, as they fail of happiness in the world to come, simply because they are na- willing to deny themselves momentary en- enemies, and what are his good or bad qual. , joyments for the sake of permanent future happiness. been compared to tortures which force men to reveal their secrets. Before trusting a Inan. before putting it in his power to can-r you a loss, possess yourself of every available information relative to him. Learn his history, his habits, inclinations andl propen-ities ; his reputation for honor, industry, frugality and punctuality; his prospecta. resources, supports. advantages and disadvantages : his intentions and mo- tives of action ; who are his friends and itie -. You may learn a man's good qualities and advantages from his friends-his bad . Every larze city is filled with persons. qualities and disadvantages from his ene-, who, in order to support the appearance of wealth. constantly live beyond their in- come, and make up the defleieney by contracting debts which are never paid.
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