USA > New York > New York County > Governor's Island; its military history under three flags, 1637-1913 > Part 11
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The architect selected to build the chapel was Mr. Charles C. Haight, a gentleman well known and esteemed in his pro- fession. He has a military record which merits attention in this connection. During the war for the Union, Mr. Haight served as captain of the 39th Regiment, New York Volunteers. On the second day of the Battle of the Wilderness he com- manded that regiment and was severely wounded. He also served as adjutant of the 31st Regiment, United States Volun- teers, and in other capacities during the war. His wife was a grand-daughter of the Rev. Dr. John McVickar, chaplain, by whom the first chapel was built, and his eldest son is Capt. Charles Sidney Haight, 5th U. S. Cavalry.
A number of historical shields of metal which had hung for many years in the Chapel of 1846 were removed to the new Chapel upon its completion and are in the South transept :
147
HISTORY OF GOVERNOR'S ISLAND
A shield commemorating the wreck of the "San Francisco" has on it:
"Wreck of the San Francisco, Christmas, 1853. The survivors of the 3d Arty in Sorrow and in Thankfulness hang up this Shield."
Four smaller shields bear the following inscriptions :
"Recruiting Depot. Came, 17th March, 1842. In- scribed these to the Glory of God. Trinity S., 1849."
"Ist Regt Arty Cos. A, B & E. Came Oct., 1848. These as good soldiers of Jesus Christ, Whitsunday, 1849."
"3d Regt Arty, Octr, Novr, Decr, 1853."
"4th Regt Infy June, (1852" July, S
Two shields placed in memory of the soldiers who fell dur- ing the Mexican War are inscribed :
"Thou, O Lord, hast covered my head in the day of battle."
"Thy truth, O Lord, shall be my shield and buckler."
A smaller shield above these two is inscribed :
"These Shields are set up at the cost of Soldiers re- turned from Mexico, 1848."
Military trophies connected with the Mexican War are mentioned in the chapter dealing with that period. On the walls hang flags representing every branch of the service, in- cluding a number of Spanish captures. Their number is being added to from time to time. The same is true of memorials to officers of the Army. The list at present in- cludes memorial windows to Major-General Winfield Scott Hancock and Mrs. Hancock and to General Daniel Butter- field; a massive stone font in memory of Bvt. Colonel Alex-
148
CHAPEL OF ST. CORNELIUS THE CENTURION. ERECTED 1905-6.
RELIGIOUS WORK AND INFLUENCE
ander H. Hoff and Ann E. Van Rensselaer, his wife; altar vases in memory of Sylyvester Day, Surgeon, U. S. A., Bvt. Brig .- Gen. C. Hannibal Day and Maria Houghton his wife, Lieut. Russel H. Day, U. S. A., Murray S. Day, U. S. N., and® Bvt .- Col. A. H. Hoff and Clifton Comly, Major Ordnance Corps; in the side chapel a credence and piscina of carved stone in memory of Sumter Loring Edmunds, a credence at the high altar to commemorate the marriage in the old chapel of Mr. and Mrs. Henry Fairfield Osborn. Other gifts are crosses in memory of Charles C. Morrison, Capt. Ordnance Corps, and of Chaplain McVickar, given by his great grand- children ; tablets in memory of Joseph Pynchon Russell, Sur- gcon, 1790-1849, who served at Fort Columbus 1824-1849, of his son Lieut .- Colonel Edmund Kirby Russell, Ist Artillery, who was born on Governor's Island in 1840, and of members of their family; a Bible in memory of Brig .- Gen. John W. Clous and a group of paintings of sacred subjects in memory of General Grant. These are assembled in a shrine under a flag canopy and are marked by a brass tablet inscribed by Mrs. Grant, who presented the paintings, as follows:
In Memoriam
FREDERICK DENT GRANT Major-General United States Army
April 13-26 1912
Services of the Roman Catholic Church have been held for many years on the Island. Prior to 1883 they were under the auspices of St. Peter's Church in Barclay Street, but for twenty-eight years past they have been attended from the Mission at No. 7 State Street, New York.
At one time, according to the remembrance of old residents, services were held in a building near the old Hospital, at other
149
HISTORY OF GOVERNOR'S ISLAND
times in the barracks and the Castle for a short period till a more suitable place could be found. In later years, and for a long time, they have been conducted in the South Battery, and with the completion of the new building in the Battery in 1904 a spacious hall has been used for that purpose, where service is held every Sunday morning.
The Clergyman in charge (1913) is the Rev. Michael Joseph Mitchell, from the State Street Mission.
For several years past the 22nd Regiment, Corps of En- gineers, N. G. N. Y., Colonel Walter B. Hotchkin command- ing, has had an annual Church parade on Memorial Sunday.
The Veteran Corps of Artillery, Military Society of the War of 1812, of whose services in 1812 mention is made on P. 74, comes to Governor's Island annually at All Saints' for a Memorial Service.
This annual service of commemoration of Departed Com- rades who have served with honour in the Army and Navy of the United States of America and in the Militia of the State of New York, in the War of the Revolution and in later National Wars is authorized by the Secretary of War and contains, in addition to the features usual at such a service, the ancient Bidding Prayer as used at Oxford University, the Academic offices and titles being replaced by Military. The Prayer is given here, not only for its beauty of noble English and the high ideal of national life it sets forth, but because, so far as can be learned, this is the only military station in England or America at which it has ever been used.
THE BIDDING PRAYER
Ye shall pray for Christ's Holy Catholic Church and for that pure and Apostolic branch of it which God has planted in these United States of America ; and as I am more especially bound, I bid your prayers for the Parish of Trinity Church in the City of New York, that our LORD may bless its labours for Religion in the Army and in the Commonwealth.
Ye shall pray for the President of the United States, and for the Governor of this State, and for all that are in civil authority over us; that all, and every of them, in
150
RELIGIOUS WORK AND INFLUENCE
their several callings may serve truly to the glory of God, and the edifying and well-governing of His people, re- membering the account they have to give.
Ye shall pray for the Secretary of War, the Secretary of the Navy, and all others in authority : and more espe- cially for the Commanding General of this Military De- partment and for those who serve with him: for the Com- mander of this Post and all officers and soldiers here stationed, that they may by Thy Divine assistance pre- serve peace and tranquillity in our Land.
Ye shall pray for the National Guard of this State and for all the Military Societies of the Nation, and herein more especially for the members of this Venerable Corps and Military Society, that they may adorn the doctrine of GOD our Saviour in all things: and that in this State and City and throughout the land whatsoever tends to the advancement of patriotism and true loyalty may for- ever flourish and abound.
Finally, let us praise God for all them that are departed out of this life in the faith of Christ, for the Patriarchis and Prophets, Apostles, Evangelists, Doctors, Martyrs and Confessors, whom He hath bestowed on His Church to shine as lights in their generations from the beginning of the world; for patriots and soldiers, for those who have given their lives in defence of country, for the Founders of this Corps and those who bear their names: and for all our departed members who having finished their course in faith do now rest from their labours.
There was found, a number of years ago, in a little gilt frame of ancient design, a Prayer for Soldiers, evidently com- posed by the Revd. Dr. McVickar. This prayer is still used today at the public services of the Chapel, and is given here- with :
A PRAYER FOR THE ARMY,
CHAPEL OF ST. CORNELIUS THE CENTURION, GOVERNOR'S ISLAND, NEW YORK HARBOUR.
O Almighty Lord God, Who didst choose Thy Servant Cornelius the Centurion, a devout man, and one that feared God with all his house, to be the first fruits of the Gospel among the Gentiles, and an example to those who
151
HISTORY OF GOVERNOR'S ISLAND
should follow him in the profession of arms, we humbly implore Thy blessing upon those who serve in the Army of the United States. Make them to have a love of order and good discipline: may they have the victory over all their enemies, and by Thy Divine assistance preserve peace and tranquility in our land. Do Thou comfort and help the sick and show Thy pity upon all prisoners and captives. [*Look with the eyes of Thy mercy upon the wounded, and have in Thy holy keeping the souls of those who have fallen in battle.]
More especially we pray for St. Cornelius' Chapel and all Benefactors of the same, and this Station in which we dwell. Send a blessing upon the officers and other soldiers and all under authority : and grant that in the true Faith of Thy Holy Name we may manfully fight under Christ's banner against sin, the world and the Devil, and continue His faithful Soldiers and Servants unto our lives' end : All which we ask in the name and for the sake of the great Captain of our Salvation, Thy Son our Saviour Jesus Christ. Amen.
* In time of war.
CHAPTER IX.
GOVERNOR'S ISLAND EXTENSION.
It was not until 1797, after Washington had retired from the Presidency, that the irritation between the United States and France grew serious. Pressing remonstrances were made to Congress that the City be protected in its helpless condition, the State having by the Constitution ceded to the General Government the power of providing for the common defense. The Government contended that it had not the power to pass any law impairing the obligations of contracts ; that a balance of $2,075,846 due from the State of New York to the United States by an award of the "Commissioner of Accounts," dated Philadelphia, Dec. 1793, must first be paid. At length, after much altercation, Congress declared, by a law passed May 3, 1798, that "Where any State, which was found indebted to the United States, should, with the President's approbation, pro- ceed to finish or complete any fortifications heretofore com- menced by such State for the defense of any port or harbor within the same, or shall, under the direction of the President, make and erect any additional fortifications, pursuant to the act entitled 'An Act to provide for the further defense of the ports and harbors of the United States,' providing that no expenditures exceeding the balance found and reported against the respective States shall be allowed as aforesaid : and provided, that the fortifications for which the whole or any part of the expenditures shall be allowed and credited as aforesaid, with their privileges and appurtenances shall be, and shall be declared and established, as the property of the United States while maintained by them."
Under the provisions of the Act, the State was duly credited with the several amounts of money it had expended by au- thority of legislative acts, in the erection of fortifications on Governor's Island. By the authority of an act passed March 26, 1794, £30,000 had been so appropriated. This sum had
153
HISTORY OF GOVERNOR'S ISLAND
been expended under the supervision of George Clinton, Mat- thew Clarkson, James Watson, Richard Varick, Nicholas Fish, Ebenezer Stevens and Elijah Hammond.
A further sum of £20,000 had been granted April 6, 1795, to complete certain works on Governor's Island and Ellis' Island.
This Island, together with other islands in the vicinity, was ceded to the United States Government by an act of the Legis- lature passed February 15, 1800. The following is a copy of the said act :
CHAPTER 6, LAWS OF 1800.
AN ACT to cede to the United States the jurisdiction of certain islands situate in and about the harbour of New York.
Be it enacted by the people of the State of New York represented in Senate and Assembly: That the following islands, in and about the harbour of New York, and in and about the fortifying of which, this State hath hereto- fore expended or caused to be expended large sums of money, to wit, all that certain island called Bedlow's island, bounded on all sides by the waters of the Hudson River; all that certain island, called Oyster Island, bounded on all sides by the waters of the Hudson River ; and all that certain island called Governor's Island, on which Fort Jay is situate, bounded on all sides by the waters of the East River and Hudson River, shall here- after be subject to the jurisdiction of the United States : Provided, that this cession shall not extend to prevent the execution of any process, civil or criminal, issuing under the authority of this State, but that such process may be served and executed on the said islands respectively, any thing therein contained notwithstanding.
The island referred to as Oyster Island, in the foregoing act, was subsequently named and is now known as Ellis' Island.
The Sundry Civil Act of 1901 made an appropriation for beginning the Extension of Governor's Island. This was ex- tended to include an addition of about 82 acres to the area of the Island by enclosing with a bulkhead part of the shoal to the S. W. of the Island and filling the enclosure, the building of a wharf on the N. shore and dredging to a depth of 26 feet in front of the wharf and the erection of buildings. The work
154
GOVERNOR'S ISLAND EXTENSION
of enlargement, including the construction of a wharf and dredging, was estimated to cost $1,100,000, and was assigned to the Engineer Corps. By a modification of the plan adopted in April, 1902, the enlargement was to be extended S. W. over the shoal to reclaim an additional area of about 19 acres, making the total area on enlargement 103 acres. In January, 1913, the Extension was turned over by the Engineer Depart- ment to the Commanding Officer, Fort Jay.
That it was the intention of the Legislature to cede title as well as jurisdiction is clearly evident from the Act approved May 7, 1880, ceding certain lands covered with water, which is as follows :
SECTION I: "All the right and title of the State of New York to the following described parcels of land covered with water, adjacent and contiguous to the lands of the United States, in the harbor of New York, at Governor's Island, * * and jurisdic- tion over the same, are hereby released and ceded to the United States under Article I, Section 8, Paragraph 17 of the constitution, for the purpose of erecting and main- taining docks, wharves, boat-houses, sea walls, batteries, and other needful structures. Provided that jurisdiction hereby ceded shall continue no longer than the United States shall own said land at Governors Island, *
and the adjacent lands covered with water herein described and hereby released; and provided fur- ther that all civil and such criminal process as may law- fully issue under authority of this state may be served or executed over said released lands."
Subsequent to the passage of the foregoing Act, to wit, May 26, 1880, the submerged premises were granted and conveyed to the United States of America by the Gover- nor of the State of New York, by letters patent, * * *
* Patent recorded in Book of Patents, No. 44, page 604, etc., in the office of the Secretary of State for the State of New York.
Laws of the State of New York, Chapter 57, Consoli- dated Laws of 1909, Article 4, Section 22. "Title and jurisdiction to the following described tracts or parcels of land have been ceded to the United States by this state on condition, etc.,
* * Governor's Island," &c.
155
HISTORY OF GOVERNOR'S ISLAND
Referring to the letters patent (as above), the acting Cor- poration Counsel, City of New York, stated June 16th, 1910, in a communication addressed to the President of the Depart- ment of Taxes and Assessments, New York, that the "lands under water covered by these letters patent are the property of the United States and therefore exempt from taxation."*
The actual extension of work was begun August, 1901, and the sea wall was first built to enclose the area. Its length is 7,219 feet and there are 4,787,748 cubic yards in the extension, the material having been obtained from dredged channels and excavation earth, New York City. The number of acres is 103.55 in the extension, as compared with 69.8 in the Old Island, 173.35 acres in all.
The work was done by the Engineer Department under the command of Colonel W. L. Marshall (Retired Brig .- Gen.) and Colonel S. W. Roessler, both of the Corps of Engineers.
When work on the enlargement was begun the contractors for building the sea wall were required to mark the end of their work with a lantern. As the foundation advanced into deeper water, better signals became necessary, and a wrecked schooner was used for the purpose. In the winter of 1910 the schooner was released and a house built on the land. The lantern, fog bell and striking mechanism were loaned by the Light House Bureau. This light was taken over by the Light House Bureau May 10th, 1912. The average number of men employed was 40; locomotives, 3; engines, 3; derricks, 2.
As late as the year 1900 the sea wall was in front of the present Regimental line (Brick Row), and when the sea was high, spray would dash upon the front of the houses. A fine level plain (sown to grass in 1911) now stretches its hundred acres of refreshing green to the west and south.
The estimated cost of this improvement was $1,100,000 and the Engineering Department completed the extension for this amount. The approximate cost per acre was $10,000.
* It appears from the foregoing that the United States owns Governor's Island in fee simple.
156
GOVERNOR'S ISLAND EXTENSION. 1906.
CHAPTER X.
COMMANDING GENERALS, POST COMMANDERS, BRITISH' AND AMERICAN FORCES, 1755-1913.
July 1, 1878, the Headquarters of the Military Division of the Atlantic and the Department of the East were transferred from the Army Building, Houston Street, to Governor's Island, in compliance with G. O. 42, c. s., with the following personnel :
MAJ .- GEN. WINFIELD SCOTT HANCOCK, Commanding.
COLONEL JAMES B. FRY, Adjutant General.
MAJOR GUIDO N. LIEBER, Judge Advocate.
COLONEL LANGDON C. EASTON, Chief Quarter-Master.
COLONEL MARCUS D. L. SIMPSON, Chief Commissary of Subsistence.
COLONEL JOHN M. CUYLER, Medical Director.
COLONEL NATHAN W. BROWN, Chief Paymaster.
Attached.
CAPTAIN WM. G. MITCHELL, 5th Infantry, aide-de-camp, Acting Engineer Officer.
CAPTAIN JOIIN S. WHARTON, 19th Infantry, aide-de-camp.
IST LIEUT. GEORGE S. L. WARD, 22nd Infantry, aide-de- camp.
On detached service.
COLONEL NELSON H. DAVIS, Inspector General's Depart- ment.
Battery A, Ist Artillery, Captain J. P. Sanger, 2nd Lieut. A. Slater, Adjutant, was transferred from Fort Warren, Mass., to Governor's Island, arriving July 2nd, 1878. Battery D, Ist Artillery, was ordered here from Fort Inde- pendence, Mass., arriving July 19, 1878, relieving the Garrison
157
HISTORY OF GOVERNOR'S ISLAND
which in April, 1878, consisted of the following: Co's. A and C, Permanent Party ; Co. B, Music Boys, quartered in South Battery (now Corbin Hall) ; Co. D, select; Co's. E. and F recruits ; Co. H, coloured Infantry, Capt. E. G. Bush, 10th Infantry, commanding.
COMMANDING OFFICERS.
With the coming of the Division and Headquarters Com- manding General and Staff a change was made in the life and interest of the Garrison. The Recruiting Service which had had its Depot here was transferred to David's Island (Fort Slocum) where it still remains.
Fort Wood was at this time garrisoned by a detachment of the 3rd Artillery, under command of Lieutenant J. C. White.
The various events connected with the period have been mentioned incidentally. It remains now to give the names and years of command of the General Officers who have served on Governor's Island since it became a Division Headquarters :
MAJ .- GEN. WINFIELD SCOTT HANCOCK, July 1, 1878- Feby. 9, 1886.
MAJ .- GEN. JOHN M. SCHOFIELD, April 13, 1886-Dec. 12, I888.
MAJ .- GEN. OLIVER D. HOWARD, Dec. 12, 1888-Nov. 8, 1894. MAJ .- GEN. NELSON A. MILES, Nov. 20, 1894-Oct. 4, 1895. MAJ .- GEN. THOMAS H. RUGER, Oct. 4, 1895-April 10, 1897. MAJ .- GEN. WESLEY MERRITT, April 10, 1897-May 19, 1898. January 7, 1899-May 19, 1900.
BRIG .- GEN. ROYAL T. FRANK, U. S. V., May 19, 1898-June 30, 1898.
BRIG .- GEN. GEORGE L. GILLESPIE, U. S. V., June 30, 1898- Oct. 4, 1898.
MAJ .- GEN. WM. R. SHAFTER, U. S. V., Oct. 4, 1898-Jany. 7, 1899.
MAJ .- GEN. WESLEY MERRITT, Jany. 7, 1899-May 19, 1900.
MAJ .- GEN. JOHN R. BROOKE, May 10, 1900-July 21, 1902.
MAJ .- GEN. ARTHUR MACARTHUR, July 21, 1902-Nov. 8, I902.
158
COMMANDING GENERALS, POST COMMANDERS, ETC.
MAJ .- GEN. ADNA R. CHAFFEE, Nov. 21, 1902-Oct. 26, 1903.
MAJ .- GEN. HENRY C. CORBIN, Dept. East, Oct. 26, 1903- Oct. 1, 1904.
(Atlantic Division, Jany. 5, 1904-Oct. 1, 1904.)
MAJ .- GEN. FREDERICK DENT GRANT (Dept. East), Oct. I, 1904-Nov. 10, 1908.
MAJ .- GEN. JAMES F. WADE, Dec. 1, 1904-April 4, 1907.
(Atlantic Division discontinued June 30, 1907.)
MAJ .- GEN. LEONARD WOOD (Dept. East), Nov. 10, 1908- July 19, 1910.
BRIG .- GEN. WALTER HOWE (Dept. East), April 8, 1910- July 20, 1910.
MAJ .- GEN. FREDERICK DENT GRANT (Eastern Division and Dept. East), July 25, 1910-April 11, 1912 .*
BRIG .- GEN. TASKER H. BLISS (Eastn. Div. and Dept. East), Jan'y 29, 1912-Aug. 31, 1912.
MAJ .- GEN. THOMAS H. BARRY (Eastern Division and East- ern Department ), Sept. 1, 1912.
Regiments of the English and American forces have been stationed on Governor's Island as follows :
English.
1756-1773.
HI. M. Goth Regiment of Foot, the Royal Americans.
1755-1767.
Maj .- Gen. Sir William Pepperell's Regiment.
1767.
H. M. 44th Regiment of Foot.
1767.
H. M. 22d Regiment of Foot.
* Major-General Frederick Dent Grant died April 11, 1912. His body lay in the Chapel under guard from April 13 till April 26, on which day the funeral ceremonies took place. The interment was in the Cemetery at West Point.
159
HISTORY OF GOVERNOR'S ISLAND
American.
I775.
General William Prescott's Regiment, the "Bunker Hill Regiment."
1776
The 4th Continental Infantry, Colonel Jolin Nixon com- manding. Brig .- Gen'1, 9th August, 1776.
April, 1776.
Genl. Putnam's forces, 1,000 men, draughts from Colonel Silliman's Regiment, Colonel Wm. Douglas' Regiment and others.
August, 1776.
2,000 tropps, Regiments not specified.
English.
Aug., 1776, to Dec. 3d, 1783.
Forces under Major-General Pattison, Buskirk's Battalion and other troops-detailed list not known.
American.
1794-Artillery.
Capt. Cornelius R. Sedam, Sub-Legion.
1795-Artillery.
Captain Alexander Thompson, Corps of Artillerists and Engineers.
1799-2nd Artillery.
Implied in the recorded burial of Lieut. Robert Heaton, Jr., 2nd Artillery.
1808-Artillery.
Capt. Richd Wiley.
1810-14.
Colonel Henry Burbeck, Lieut. Vandeventer, Justus, Ad- jutant of the Artillery.
18II-Ist Artillery-Major Stoddard.
160
FORT JAY-DRAWBRIDGE, SALLY PORT AND MOAT.
COMMANDING GENERALS, POST COMMANDERS, ETC.
1814-Infantry.
Lt .- Col. Tallmadge, Major Delafield.
1815-Artillery. troops.
James House, Lt .- Col., commanding. Charles Anthony, Adjutant.
1816-Artillery troops.
Implied in the recorded burial of James H. Boyle, Major .of Artillery.
1819-Artillery troops.
Implied in the recorded burial of Samuel Armstrong, Lieut. of Artillery.
From 1821-1913 the following list of commanding officers is furnished by the kindness of The Adjutant-General, Wash- ington, who states that there are no returns on file previous to 1821. The early records were destroyed by the British when they invaded Washington in 1812, and no records be- tween that date and 1821 are on file.
POST COMMANDERS
1821-1913.
ASSUMED
COMMAND
IST LIEUT. GILES PORTER ..... Ist Art'y. . May, 1821
IST LIEUT. PETER MELENDY. . . Ist Art'y. .June and
July, 1821
CAPT. S. CHURCHILL. . 4th Art'y. .Aug. and
Sept., 182I
IST LIEUT. GILES PORTER Ist
Art'y . Oct., I822
CAPT. MILO MASON. Ist Art'y April, I823
IST LT. W. WHEELRIGHT. Ist Art'y. . July, I823 CAPT. A. C. W. FANNING. .2d Art'y Aug., 1823
CAPT. MILO MASON. Ist
Art'y .Sept., 1823
CAPT. A. C. W. FANNING. 2d Art'y. . Oct., 1823
IST LT. E. LYON. .2d Art'y. . April, 1824
LT .- COL. WM. McRAE 2d Art'y Aug., 1824
16I
HISTORY OF GOVERNOR'S ISLAND
ASSUMED COMMAND
CAPT. R. A. ZANTZINGER. .2d Art'y. . April, 1827
MAJOR I. B. CRANE
4th Art'y Aug., 1828
LT .- COL. A. EUSTIS .4th Art'y. June, 1831
MAJOR I. B. CRANE.
.4th Art'y
Nov.,
1831
MAJOR A. C. W. FANNING. .4th Art'y Feb. 10, 1833
CAPT. B. K. PIERCE. .4th Art'y . June 2, 1834
LT .- COL. A. S. BROOKS.
4th Art'y
.May
2, 1835
CAPT. WM. W. TOMPKINS.
2d Dragoons .. . Sept. 28, 1836
LT. JOHN C. PEMBERTON
4th Art'y.
Aug. 26, 1837
CAPT. WM. L. MCCLINTOCK
.3d Art'y.
. Oct.
5, 1837
LT. WILLIAM HOFFMAN.
.6th Inft'y.
. Mch. 23, 1837
ASST. SURG. JOSEPH EATON. . . Jany., 1838
IST LT. E. C. Ross. .4th Art'y. . June 30, 1837
CAPT. JOHN ERVING 4th Art'y. . Sept., 1838 (Entire Regiment)
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