USA > New York > Chautauqua County > History of Chautauqua County, New York, and its people, Volume I > Part 77
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Officers of Chautauqua Institution-Arthur E. Best- or, President: Ernest H. Smith, Assistant to Presi- dent; Edward N. Teall, Managing Editor, "Chautauqua Press;" Ida B. Cole, Secretary of the C. L. S. C .; George W. Rowland, Superintendent of Grounds and Buildings; Jessie M. Leslie, Cashier and Accountant; Wallace Da- vis, Manager Drug Store; Jesse H. Baxter, Manager Book Store; Charles A. Bentz, Health Officer; Wilson C. Price, Counsel.
1874-CHAUTAUQUA INSTITUTION-1921
Summer Schools-1874, Sunday School Normal; 1875, Hebrew; 1876, Languages and Pedagogy (Teachers' Re- treat); 1885, Chautauqua University "College of Lib- eral Arts" (Dr. W. R. Harper); 1896-1920 seven aca- demic and seven special schools with 4000 students, 100 instructors, 200 courses.
Home Instruction-1881, correspondence courses in Theology and Chautauqua Young Folks' Reading Union; 1883, collegiate correspondence courses; 1878- 1919, Chautauqua Literary and Scientific Circle with
60,000 graduates, 300,000 enrolled students and 750,000 readers.
Plot-1874, 80 acres; 1880, 130 acres; 1895, 185 acres; 1908, 215 acres; 1911, 295 acres; 1913, 326 acres; 1916, 331 acres.
Important Public Buildings-1879, Hall of Philoso- phy; 1906, new; 1887, College; 1890, C. L. S. C. Building; 1891, C. L. S. C. Alumni Hall; 1893, Amphitheater; 1907, remodeled; 1906, Atbletic Club: 1905, Colonnade; 1909. rebuilt; 1909, Postoffice; 1909, College Hill Group, en- larged in 1911, 1915. 1916, 1917, now two-thirds com- pleted; 1912, Hospital; 1916, Pier Building; 1917, Trol- ley Station (Chautauqua Traction Company); 1917, Bathing Pavilion.
Memorials -- 1886, Jewett House; 1889, Kellogg Hall; 1895, Higgins Hall; 1898-12, Hall of the Christ; 1903, Grange Building; 1907, Massey Organ; 1911, Miller Bell Tower; 1912, Sherwood Music Studios; 1917, Bolin Gymnasium.
One Hundred Notable Spenkers-Ulysses S. Grant, Rutherford B. Hayes, James A. Garfield, William Mc- Kinley, Theodore Roosevelt, William H. Taft, Charles E. Hughes, John B. Gordon, O. O. Howard, Schuyler Colfax, Mark A. Hanna, Henry Watterson, Russel A. Alger, Viscount Bryce, Lord and Lady Aberdeen, La- dy Henry Somerset, Sir Owen Seaman, Sir George Adam Smith, Henry Drummond, A. M. Fairbairn, J. P. Ma- haffy, Percy Alden, R. J. Campbell, Marcus Dods, Ab- hie Felix Klein, Sir Chengtung Lieng Chang, Susan B. Anthony, Maud Ballington Booth. Frances E. Wil- lard. John B. Gough, John G. Woolley, William James, Alice Freeman Palmer, Edward Everett Hale, James Whitcomb Riley, Thomas Wentworth Higginson, Lew Wallace, Agnes Repplier, Thomas Nelson Page, John Fox, Jr., Hamlin Garland, Ralph Connor, George W. Cable, John Fisk, Herman von Holst, Henry Adams, Moses Coit Tyler, Bliss Perry, Mary A. Livermore, Ja- cob Riis, Julia Ward Howe, Anna Howard Shaw, Jane Addams, Carrie Chapman Catt, Phillips Brooks, George A. Gordon, P. S. Henson, Russell H. Conwell, Lyman Abbott, Samuel Fallows, Charles H. Fowler, Frank W. Gunsaulus, Henry C. Potter, Samuel McC. Crothers, Matthew Simpson, S. Parkes Cadman, W. F. Oldham, George Hodges, Harry E. Fosdick, Francis E. Clark, Graham Taylor, G. Stanley Hall, Francis W. Peabody, Mark Hopkins, Lillian M. N. Stevens, Charles S. Whit- man, James Wadsworth, Jr., Wm. M. Calder, Franklin D. Roosevelt, George W. Wickersham, Brand Whit- lock, George W. Guthrie, John D. Rockefeller, Jr., Henry Clews, John Mitchell, Carroll D. Wright, J. G. Phelps Stokes, Ben B. Lindsay, John Finley, Albert Bushnell Hart, James B. Angell. Josiah Strong, Ray- mond Robins, Frederick Starr, W. T. Jerome, Henry J. Allen, Frank P. Walsh, Charles W. Elliot, Geo. E. Vin- cent.
SURVEY OF THE SEASONS, IS74-1920
IS74-The first Assembly, August 4-18, had heen prepared for by Dr. John H. Vincent and Lewis Mill- er during almost all of the preceding year. The ma- terial conditions were, of course, of the simplest. The meetings were held, for the most part, in the open air, and in the evening were lighted by pine fires. Tents were used for the housing of the first Chautauquans and in externals the Assembly partook of the nature of a literal camp meeting.
The department of entertainment was under the direction of Dr. W. W. Wythe, who supervised the building of the model of Palestine. Fire-works and baloons, music, "views" and panoramas supplemented the heavier features of the normal classes and lecture hours. Music was under charge of Professor W. F. Sherwin, supplemented by The Wyoming Trio.
A series of temperance meetings which followed upon a lecture by Mrs. J. W. Willing, led to the convention, later in the year, in Cleveland, at which the National W. C .T. U. was organized.
1875-The most important event of the season was a visit from President U. S. Grant.
In addition to the normal work in religious instruc- tion, classes in Map Drawing, in Blackboard Sketching and Lettering, in Hebrew, in Kindergarten and Sunday School Music were introduced, the other general fea- tures being continued.
1876-Instruction work was divided into four parts -(1) the Scientific Conference, (2) the Temperance Convention, (3) the Sabbath School Assembly, and (4) the Church Congress. The season was lengthened to twenty-four days.
Chautauqua Lake Sunday School Assembly was in- corporated.
The first number of the Chautauqua Assembly Herald appeared June 15 and from July 27 was published daily during the season.
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1877 -- The program was divided into seven depart- ments-(1) the Council of Reform, (2) Church Work, (3) Bihlical Work, (4) Sunday School Work, (5) Nor- mal Work, (6) Scientific Work, (7) Recreation. Mu- sic was under the direction of Prof. W. F. Sherwin, the Apollo Club, a boy choir from New York, being the chief feature.
1877-The name Fair Point was changed by act of Legislature to Chautauqua.
The Old Chapel (now the oldest public building on the grounds) was erected.
1878-The chief event of the summer, and one of the most important in the whole history of Chautau- qua, was the organization on August 10 of the Chau- tauqua Literary and Scientific Cirele (C. L. S. C.) hy Bishop John H. Vincent. Kate F. Kimball became Ex- ecutive Secretary of the C. L. S. C. in the fall of this year and continued until her death in 1917.
Chautauqua Assembly Herald was issued monthly for members of the C. L. S. C.
Children's Temple given by Lewis Miller was ded- icated.
1879 -- This year the first Amphitheater and the old Hall of Philosophy were dedicated.
It was the first year of the Chautauqua Normal School of Languages, the Chautauqua Teachers' Re- treat, the Foreign Missionary Institute, and the occa- sion of the Sixth Annual Sunday School Assembly. Season was lengthened to forty-three days.
1880-Fifty acres were added to the grounds, the Ho- tel was projected and begun, and the Congregational House was erected.
The National W. C. T. U. held its sixth anniversary. The National Education Association held its annual meeting here.
General James A. Garfield, then candidate for Pres- ident of the United States, spent a Sabbath at Chau- tauqua.
The Chautauquan Magazine was begun with monthly issues to take the place of the Assembly Herald.
1881-The Hotel Athenaeum was finished and the new Museum Building opened.
The Chautauqua Young Folks' Reading Union was started. The Chautauqua School of Theology was chartered and correspondence courses instituted. Courses in the "Tonic Sol-Fa" and in Kindergarten were new features in the Summer Schools.
Chautauqua was connected with Buffalo, New York and Philadelphia Railway by line from Mayville.
1582-The first class (The Pioneers) of the C. L. S. C. was graduated on Recognition Day, August 12. The first pipe organ was installed in the Amphi- theater.
1583 -- Prof. William Rainey Harper taught for the first time in the Summer School. Collegiate correspon- dence courses were begun.
Concerts were given under direction of W. F. Sher- win and C. C. Case.
Name of corporation was changed to Chautauqua As- sembly hy act of Legislature.
15$4-The Youth's C. L. S. C., a paper for boys and girls, was established this season. Especial attention was given to the Chautauqua foreign tour in lectures on the general program. A large number of special musicians and soloists is recorded.
Principal A. M. Fairbairn of Oxford offered the first course of philosophical lectures.
Class Building of 1883 and 1885 was built.
1>>5-The season was lengthened to fifty-three days by the introduction of a preliminary week.
A series of organ recitals by Prof. 1. V. Flagler is recorded as something of an innovation.
The Meneely Chimes (ten bells) were first rung on the opening day of this year, and Normal Hall and the 1882 Class Building were erected.
Chautauqua University was chartered by the Legis- lature.
1456-In this year the Pier Building was erected and the chimes hung therein; and Jewett House was given to the Institution by Mrs. A. H. Jewett.
A faculty of sixteen conducted the work in the Chau- tauqua Teachers' Retreat and fifteen instructors of- fered courses in the School of Language. Lessons in Harmony, Organ and Piano, Drawing, and Painting were added to the curriculum. Chautauqua School of Physical Education was established.
An Oriental Exhibition under charge of Mrs. Frank Beard was a feature of this season.
1587-The College Building and the Methodist Epis- copal House were erected.
Chautauqua summer classes as announced were six- teen in number including among others Clay Model- ing, a School of Art with three instructors, a School of
Music with three instructors, and a School of Physical Culture.
Dr. William R. Harper was made Principal of Col- lege of Liberal Arts.
1SSS-The list of courses in the College of Liberal Arts announced, among courses of special interest, instruction in Old French, Scandinavian Languages, and Literature, Sanskrit, Zend and Gothic, Hebrew. Semitic Languages and Philology. A School of the English Bible was organized.
Mr. George E. Vincent became Vice Principal of In- struction.
Chautauqua Woman's Club was organized with Mrs. Emily Huntington Miller as President.
1549-James H. Kellogg built as a memorial to his mother the Anne M. Kellogg Hall. The old Adminis- tration Building was erected.
A notable event of the season was the visit of ex- President Rutherford B. Hayes.
Chautauqua School of Music organized to take the place of Summer Institute of Music started in 1887.
1890-The C. L. S. C. Building, the Presbyterian House, and the Gymnasium were erected.
The College of Liberal Arts (Frederick Starr, Regis- trar. New Haven, Conn.), announced various courses in Physics and Geology, as well as a School of Journal- ism conducted by Hamilton Wright Mahie. Prof. W. R. Harper was one of four instructors in the School of Theology.
1591 -- The C. L. S. C. Alumni Hall, the Arcade, the Chapel, and the United Presbyterian House were erected.
Col. Francis W. Parker was Principal of the Teach- ers' Retreat and Dr. H. R. Palmer in charge of the music work in all its branches, Pres. W. R. Harper continuing the direction of the Bible Study.
1892-Summer Schools' announcements called espe- cial attention to the Sunday School Normal Department under Dr. J. L. Hurlbut, and Dr. B. T. Vincent's classes for boys and girls.
The American Economic Association he'd its annual meeting. This was the most successful year Chautau- qua had yet known.
The Chautauqua System of Education was substitut- ed for Chautauqua University.
1593-Many new buildings were erected-the new Amphitheater, the electric light and power house, the Men's Club House, and the sewage disposal plant. A new departure in the Summer Schools was the in- troduction of courses in Law.
1894-Episcopal Chapel of the Good Shepherd was built.
This was the first year of the School of Expression under Prof. S. H. Clark and Mrs. Emily M. Bishop. The department of political science was unusually strong under Professors Hermann von Holst of Chi- cago, Herbert B. Adams of Johns Hopkins, and George B. Adams, of Yale.
1895-Higgins Hall was erected by Hon. Frank W. Higgins and his sister, Mrs. F. S. Smith in memory of their father, Orrin Trail Higgins. The Baptist House was also built.
In the Schools, particular emphasis was given to English, under Professor Winchester of Wesleyan; Professor Cook of Yale; Professor Sherman of the University of Nebraska; and Professor Lewis of the University of Chicago. Many professional journalists, authors, etc., took the courses.
An event of the season was the visit of Governor William McKinley.
The Department of Instruction was divided: Dr. George E. Vincent became Principal of the Assembly Department including the general program, various clubs, and the Reading Circle; Dr. W. R. Harper he- came Principal of the Collegiate Department including all the work of organized instruction.
Mrs. B. T. Vincent became the President of the Chau- tauqua Women's Club.
1×96-The School of Fine Arts and the New York State Summer Institute for Teachers were new fea- tures. The Schools of Philosophy, Pedagogy, and Sa- cred Literature showed very marked growth.
1897-The School of Domestic Sciences, in charge of Mrs. Emma P. Ewing, attracted wide notice thru the press.
1898-The Hall of Pedagogy was erected.
Attendance in the Schools increased twenty-five per cent, this advance being attributed pretty generally over the departments.
Dr. George E. Vincent became Principal of Instruc- tion.
1899-The Boys' Club Building was erected.
The School of Religious Teaching, a new organiza-
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CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY AND ITS PEOPLE
tion of the department of Bible Study, aimed to place religious teaching on a scientific and accurate basis. The department of Sacred Literature was conducted by Chancellor Wallace of Toronto; Religious Peda- gogy, by Dr. J. R. Street.
Chautauqua Press was established for the production of books, for C. L. S. C. courses, and general adminis- tration offices were moved to Cleveland. General En- dowment Fund was established.
1900-The Hall of Christ was begun and the Power House built.
There were no new features in the Summer Schools. Steady progress was shown, however, in every de- partment. The two College Annex buildings were moved from their former location in the grove, and joined. to make the present Hall of Pedagogy.
Scott Brown became General Director and Vice- Principal of Instruction.
Frank C. Bray became editor of the Chautauqua Magazine and in 1906 Managing Editor of the Chau- tauqua Press.
1901-Manual Training was introduced for the first time. Mr. Henry J. Baker in charge; also the Chautauqua School of Library Training under general oversight of Mr. Melvil Dewey, New York State Librarian; Resident Director, Miss Mary E. Hazeltine, of Jamestown.
1902-The Girls' Club, the Unitarian House, and the Disciples Headquarters were built.
Among the Summer Schools the courses in Psychol- ogy and Pedagogy were especially strong, including in Its faculty Prof. J. R. Angell, Earl Barnes, Edward Howard Griggs, Mrs. Anna B. Comstock, Prof. S. HI. Clark and others.
Mr. Alfred Hallam became Musical Director.
A new charter was granted by the Legislature un- der the name of Chautauqua Institution.
1903-Cyrus E. Jones erected in memory of his father, Emery Jones, a Grange Building and presented it to Pomona Grange of Chautauqua County as their headquarters. The Arts and Crafts Shops were as- sembled, and the Men's Club remodeled.
This was the first year of the combination of Fine Arts courses with systematic instruction in Arts and Crafts. In all, over twenty courses were offered. Mrs. Bertha Kunz Baker joined the permanent staff of the School of Expression. A Vacation School for boys and girls was opened, and a system of co-operation be- tween the Institution and the Alliance Francais was attempted.
Mr. Percy H. Boynton became Secretary of In- struction.
1904-The Museum Building was remodeled for the use of the School of Expression, an addition was built to the Methodist Headquarters to house the local win- ter church and the Lutheran House was established.
The School of English was notably strong, including in its staff Prof. R. G. Moulton and Mr. Edward How- ard Griggs. The work in Nature Study was extended to include courses in Botany and Physiography. The courses in Pedagogy were arranged to include sys- tematic work in all grades from Kindergarten to col- lege.
Chautauqua Traction line was opened from James- town to Mayville.
1905-The Colonnade, the Athletic Club and the Pergola were erected. The Museum Building was re- modeled.
In the Summer Schools the mid-morning Convocation hour for all regular students was introduced and six series were delivered by Professor George E. Vin- cent, Andreas Baumgartner, S. C. Schmucker, Richard Burton, and Presidents Lincoln Hulley and G. Stanley Hall. The department of Elementary Education was put in charge of Miss Ada Van Stone Harris and a reg- ular course in Public School Music was conducted by four instructors.
The most important event of the season was the visit of President Theodore Roosevelt.
1906-The new Hall of Philosophy was completed and the Fire Department House remodeled.
Although no essentially new features were introduced into the Summer Schools, the registration in point of the number of individuals was considerably higher than in any previous year, the total reaching 2.536, exclusive of the 550 in the New York State Free Summer Institute.
Chautauquan Weekly was established and issued thereafter for ten months of the year.
Chautauqua Traction line was extended to Westfield. 1907-Prof. George E. Vincent was elected President of Chautauqua Institution and Mr. Arthur E. Bestor, Director.
The new memorial organ, the gift of the estate of
Hart A. Massey, of Toronto, was installed, and to this end the Amphitheater was extensively remodeled.
The chief innovation in the Summer Schools was the extension of the work in Nature Study to include two courses in Biology and two in School Gardening, a laboratory and a garden being equipped for these courses.
Old First Night Gift was inaugurated and devoted to remodeling of the Amphitheater.
190%-Colonnade was destroyed by fire involving a loss to the Institution and concessioners of $100,000, with insurance of $55,000.
Old First Night Gift was devoted to the Hall of Christ which was completed externally.
1909-The new Colonnade, Post Office Building, and Arts and Crafts Shops were erected. The Arts and Crafts Shops, enlarged in 1911, 1915, 1916, and 1917, have become the nucleus of the Schools Quadrangle on College Hill.
Notable in the development of the Schools were the appointment of Henry Turner Bailey as Director of the Arts and Crafts Department, and the introduction of courses in Esperanto.
The New York Symphony Orchestra, under direction of Walter Damrosch, gave a concert. The second American Esperanto Congress was held at Chau- tauqua.
The Chautauqua Winter Commons for employees of Institution was established on the third floor of the Colonnade.
1910-Significant features of the program were the visit of James Bryce, the British Ambassador; the presentation of the Pageant of Chautauqua Lake on the lake front, followed by "The Little Father of the Wilderness" in the Amphitheater, by Francis Wilson and his company; and a second concert by the New York Symphony Orchestra.
A new grand stand was erected on the Athletic Field.
A system of 50 annual scholarships in the Schools was established, the Chapel was remodeled for a Schools Commons, and the Old First Night Gift was devoted to these purposes.
1911-The Miller Bell Tower in memory of Lewis Miller was made possible by the Old First Night Gift. Institution offices were moved to second floor of Col- onnade, new lunch room was opened in the old Ad- ministration Building, Book Store was moved to old C. L. S. C. offices, and old Temple was taken down.
The Coburn Players gave three Shakespearlan plays and an Elizabethan street pageant.
Courses were offered in the Schools in European travel and in co-operation with the Bureau of Uni- versity Travel of Boston, a department of Chautauqua European Travel Extension was established under Dr. H. H. Powers.
1912-Sherwood Memorial Studio in memory of Wil- liam H. Sherwood, for 22 years head of the Piano De- partment of the Schools, was made possible thru the Old First Night Gift; the new emergency hospital (The Lodge) was built and equipped, and extensive changes were made in the Plaza.
A rich program was offered during the concluding week of the season under the title of "The Awakened Church" for ministers and Christian laymen, under charge of Dean Shailer Mathews, newly appointed Di- rector of the Department of Religious Work. The Hall of Christ was for the first time largely utilized by this reorganized department.
Partisan political addresses were for the first time offered on the program, that by William Jennings Bry- an bringing the largest attendance of the summer.
Pians were outlined for moving the highway on the west side of the grounds, for the building of a brick highway by the State, for the erection of a new sta- tion and the building of new double tracks by the Chautauqua Traction Company, for the inclusion with- in the fence of eighteen acres to be known as the High- way Addition, and for the creation of a Labor Center outside the grounds at the south end.
1913-Special features of the program were per- formances of a Greek play, and the presence of a Cur- tiss hydro-aeroplane making many flights daily.
A new playground was established for the children. Natural gas was supplied throughout the grounds by a private company.
1914-The program emphasized the fortieth anni- versary of the establishment of Chautauqua. The Vic- tor Herbert Orchestra gave two concerts daily during a Music Festival Week, assisted by the Schubert Club of Schenectady. The American Forestry As- sociation and the International Lyceum Association held their annual conventions. The Chautauqua Play-
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CHAUTAUQUA INSTITUTION
ers presented six plays on the publlc program and two plays a week in Higgins Hall.
Normal Hall was remodeled for class rooms, a prac- tice organ studio was erected, a bindery was estab- lished, and the golf course was opened.
Dean Percy H. Boynton became Principal of the Chautauqua Summer Schools.
New brick highway along the western side of grounds completed by the State and County.
1915-President George E. Vincent became Honorary President of the Institution and Mr. Arthur E. Bestor was elected as his successor as President.
Music Week was continued with the Russian Sym- phony Orchestra.
Courses in History, Social Science and Practical So- cial Work were greatly extended. Additions to the Schools plant were provided thru the Old First Night Gift.
1016-The New Pier Building was erected and paid for thru the Old First Night Gift.
The Russian Symphony Orchestra again appeared during Music Week.
1917 -- Emphasis was naturally on America's partici- pation in the war. A symposium on "Our Country" and a Speakers' Training Camp and Conference of Or- ganizations Engaged in Education for Patriotic Ser- vice in co-operation with the National Security League received country-wide publicity. All Red Cross and military training for men and women were intro- duced. Students of the Carnegie Institute of Tech- nology presented a brilliant pageant, "The Drawing of the Sword."
Mrs. Percy V. Pennybacker became President of the Chautauqua Women's Club, and a clubhouse on the lake front was purchased as their headquarters.
President E. B. Bryan became the Director of the Summer Schools.
A new $50.000 addition to the Chautauqua Union School was completed by the School District; the new Bath House and Jacob Bolin Gymnasium were built; the new trolley station and double track was com- pleted by the Chautauqua Traction Company; the Fen-
ton Memorial Home for Methodist Deaconesses was occupied for the first time.
19IN-National patriotic leadership of Chautauqua was recognized by our own and the Allied Govern- ments. The French High Commission placed the French Military Band for a week, their longest en- gagement in this country. Great Britain, France, Bel- gium, Italy, and Greece sent official speakers either thru their embassies or their special war missions.
The schools of course declined in attendance, as did all other departments, but adjusted themselves to the new war conditions. A National Service School con- ducted in co-operation with the Woman's Naval Ser- vice under the direction of Mrs. George E. Vincent did a notable service.
1919-In attendance, gate receipts, and school regis- tration this was the high water mark in Chautauqua history. Over $325,000 was subscribed to the Compre- hensive Campaign for the elimination of all indebted- ness and the putting of the Institution on a firm, safe, and permanent basis.
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