USA > New York > Oneida County > History of Oneida County, New York : from 1700 to the present time, Volume I > Part 66
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EDWARD ROBINSON (1794-1863), Hamilton, '16, Philologist and Archaeolo- gist; Tutor of Greek and Mathematics, Hamilton College, 1817-18; married Eliza, daughter of Dr. Samuel Kirkland, and sister of President Kirkland of Harvard; Instructor Andover Theological Seminary, 1821; studied at Halle and Berlin, 1826-30; married the distinguished author, Therese von Jacob ("Tal- vi"), 1828; Prof. Bib. Lit. Union Theological Seminary, from 1837; Member Geog'l, Oriental and Ethnol. Socs .; his library of 1,200 books and maps were purchased for Hamilton College in 1863; his great work, Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mt. Sinai and Arabia Petraea, received the gold medal of the Royal Geog'l Society of London as the most learned production of the century, and still possesses great interest; published also an edition of Six Books of the Iliad; a Harmony of the Gospels in Greek; a Greek and English Lexicon; Greek and Chaldee Grammars of the Old and New Testaments.
SAMUEL WELLS WILLIAMS (1812-1884) ; born in Utica. Went to China as a missionary printer, 1833; when the U. S. government sent an expedition to negotiate for the opening of Japan to free commercial intercourse, 1852, the commander, Commodore Perry, secured his services as interpreter; was the first U. S. Sec. of Legation in Japan (1854), and the first at the capitol of China (1862) ; returning to the U. S. finally in 1875, was appointed lecturer on Chinese at Yale College. His works are: Easy Lessons in Chinese; Tonic Dict. of the Chinese Language, the great work of his life; The Middle Kingdom.
MEN OF SCIENCE
ASA GRAY (1810-1888), born in Paris. Taught the natural sciences in Utica Gymnasium, 1832-4; for thirty years Prof. of Botany at Harvard University, to which he presented his herbarium of 200,000 specimens, and a library of over 2,200 Botanical Works; Pres. A. A. A. S., '72; Pres. Am. Acad. Arts and Sciences, 1863-73. His researches and publications embraced the flora of North America, which he, with Dr. John Torrey, first arranged upon the basis of affinity ; he had "equal ability in communicating elementary knowledge, and in elucidating recondite theories." Flora of N. A .; Structural and Systematic Botany; Manual of Botany; Field, Forest and Garden Botany; also A Free Examination of Darwin's Treatise; Natural Science and Religion; Government- Reports and separate monographs under 200 titles.
JAMES DWIGHT DANA (1813-1895), born in Utica; Yale, '33; Ed. Am. Jour. of Science; Pres. A. A. A. S., '54; Honorary Ph.D., Munich, '72; his service
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at Yale College covered more than 40 years; his books are standard treatises on Zoophytes, Corals and Crustacea. Manual of Geology; System of Mineralogy ; Reports of Wilkes' Exploring Expedition; Manual of Mineralogy; and text books frequently revised and enlarged.
SAMUEL FINLEY BREESE MORSE (1791-1872). Yale, '10. Made frequent and prolonged visits in Utica while pursuing his early profession of artist; as di- rector of the Telegraph Company that was formed in Utica to put in practice his newly invented magnetic telegraph; he is mentioned in the directories of 1848-9 and 1849-50; he had many relatives in Utica, and his second wife was a Utican.
SAMUEL W. CHUBBUCK (1799-1875), manufactured in Utica the first tele- graph instruments ever made for Prof. Morse.
AMARIAH BRIGHAM, M. D. (1798-1849). Came to Utica from Massachusetts in 1842 to become the first superintendent of the State Lunatic Asylum; founded in 1844 at his private expense the Journal of Insanity, the first journal in the English language devoted to mental medicine; his other works are: Mental Cul- tivation and Excitement; Influence of Mental Cultivation on the Health; In- fluence of Religion on the Health and Physical Welfare of Mankind; also, Asy- lum Souvenir, a small volume of maxims for the use of those who had been under his care.
CHRISTIAN HENRY FREDERICK PETERS (1813-1890). Univ. Berlin, '36. En- gaged on geodetic survey of Mount Etna, 1838-43; artillery officer under Gari- baldi, 1849-50; came to America, 1852; Director of Hamilton College Observa- tory, 1858; Litchfield Prof. Astronomy, 1867; under the Regents of the Uni- versity he determined the exact longitude of various cities of N. Y., and the western boundary of the state; discovered 47 asteroids; published two celestial charts in 1882. The king of Sweden conferred upon him a gold medal for his discoveries connected with the sun; the French government, in similar recogni- tion, bestowed the Cross of the Legion of Honor in 1887. He was buried in the College Cemetery July 21, 1890.
JOSEPH ALBERT LITNER (1822-98). Manufacturer at Utica, 1860-7; assistant Zoologist in the N. Y. State Museum at Albany, 1868; served twelve years; de- voted himself to research into the relations of entomology to agriculture and horticulture; appointed State Entomologist, 1880. His publications are em- bodied in many Annual Reports.
GEORGE HUNTINGTON WILLIAMS (1856-94). Born in Utica; Amherst, '78; Heidelberg University, '82; Inorganic Geology at Johns Hopkins, 1892; con- tributed 68 articles (1884-90), to German Am. Rev. of Mineralogy, Geol. and Paleon., and several monographs in the J. H. series; Modern Petrography and Elements of Crystallography; member of many scientific societies.
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Among early microscopists, WILLIAM C. JOHNSON and DR. A. R. COPEMAN, both then residents of Utica, did original and valuable work (1860-70), the re- sults of which were noted in the London and Edinburgh Microscopical Jour- nals; Mr. Johnson's mounts and drawings of the Greville-Barbadoes deposits aroused great scientific interest.
HENRY P. STARTWELL, M. D. (about 1791-1867), who lived at New Hartford in his youth, and later distinguished himself as a botanist, left an herbarium of 8,000 specimens, now owned by Hamilton College.
PETER D. KNIESKERN, M. D. (1798-1871), while living at Oriskany compiled a catalog of the plants of Oneida county, published in 1842.
GEORGE VASEY, M. D. (1822 -? ). Spent portions of his life at Oriskany and Verona, and was intimately associated with Dr. Knieskern; Botanist of the Dept. of Agriculture, Washington, from 1872.
EDWIN HUNT (1837-1880). Amherst, '58. Professor of Natural Sciences in the Utica Academy for many years from 1865; collected an herbarium of about 4,000 plants, which was bought by the Asa Gray Botanical Club, 1887.
REV. JOHN A. PAINE, JR., compiled a catalog of plants found in Oneida county and vicinity which was published in the Report of the Regents of the University for 1865. It embraces the whole of the central part of the state.
WILLIAM C. WALKER was born in 1847, and since early boyhood has been a resident of Utica; microscopist; specialty, Diatoms; discoverer of nearly twenty species; member of the London Micros. Soc. (F. R. M. S.), honorary and cor- responding member of many Continental Scientific Societies. Catalog of Dia- toms of Central New York, and papers for Microscopical Journals.
GEORGE C. HODGES has done original work in Chemical Analysis.
DR. WILLIAM RALPH is quoted by Bendire in Life Histories of N. A. Birds, as authority in ornithology and oology; his gift to the Smithsonian Institution of a collection of eggs and nests, the work of over twenty years, is important and valuable. In collaboration with EGBERT BAGG he has published an Anno- tated List of Birds of Oneida County.
On butterflies, DR. MATHIAS COOK was an expert; on ferns, both native and foreign, BENJAMIN D. GILBERT, of Utica and Clayville, was an authority; and DR. JOSEPH V. HABERER, of Utica, is a specialist in Cryptogams, and author of a pamphlet on Flora of Utica and Vicinity for May and June.
REV. J. W. WHITFIELD, known in local circles for his interest in microscopy, photography and electricity, was also a skilled maker of lenses and of shell cameos.
JOHN B. JERVIS Civil Engineer
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ROBERT PARR WHITFIELD was born in New Hartford in 1828. In employ of Samuel Chubbuck, 1848-56; Assistant in Paleon., and N. Y. State Nat. Hist., 1856-76; U. S. Geol. Survey; Curator Geol. Dept. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., Central Park, N. Y., since 1877; original Fellow A. A. A. S .; Fellow Geol. Soc. of Amer- ica; Writer on Geology.
REV. EDWARD PAYSON POWELL was born in Hamilton in 1853. A scientific agriculturist, and writer and lecturer upon economic and educational subjects ; long resident in Clinton; Our Heredity from God; Liberty and Life; historical and political pamphlets and addresses; Nullification and Secession in the U. S.
ALBERT HUNTINGTON CHESTER was born in 1843. Columbia School of Mines, '68; Prof. Chemistry, Mineralogy and Metallurgy, Hamilton College, 1870-91; Prof. Chem. and Mineral., Rutgers College, since 1892; since '82 connected with the N. Y. State Board of Health. Deposits of the Vermilion District, Minn .; Catalog of Minerals, with Chemical Composition and Synonyms.
CHARLES DOOLITTLE WALCOTT was born in New York Mills in 1850. Assist- ant Geologist U. S. Geol. Survey, '79; now Director U. S. Geol. Survey, a bureau of the Department of the Interior. The Trilobite; Paleontology of the Eureka District; Cambrian Fauna of North America; Utica Slate and Related Forma- tions. He is now at the head of Smithsonian Institute, Washington.
ALBERT P. BRIGHAM was born in 1855. Colgate, '79. Geologist of the Mo- hawk and Sauquoit Valleys and Finger Lakes; Pastor Tabernacle church, Utica, 1885-91. Now Prof. Geol., Colgate University. Fellow Geol. Soc. of America. Many articles in scientific periodicals on the geology and physical geography of N. Y., especially in connection with the glacial period.
ALEXANDER WILDER was born in Vernon May 13, 1823; was self educated ; taught school; was for a time engaged in newspaper work, and edited in New York City the New York Teacher in 1855; he also wrote for literary works and periodicals, and at the same time studied medicine. He practiced as an eclec- tic physician in the city of New York, and served for a time as president of the Eclectic Medical Society of that city; was also president of the Eclectical Col- lege, and was connected with several other medical and scientific organizations. He published a number of literary and scientific works, among which were an English Grammar; Secret of Immortality Revealed; The Worship of the Ser- pent; A Protest against Vaccination, and a large number of other works.
JOHN B. JERVIS-Owing to the fact that the subject of this sketch lived to the advanced age of 89 years, the last eighteen of which were passed in com- parative quiet at his home in Rome, N. Y., it is difficult for the present genera- tion to realize that there lived and died in Oneida county in the person of John B. Jervis a truly great man. That his services to the world were of unmistak- able value is known by almost all civil engineers and well informed railroad men.
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A man's real place in history is often slow in being defined; but the artist, who conceived and painted the mural decorations on the frieze of the lobby of the Manhattan Hotel in New York City, showed an appreciation of great labors well performed when he selected John B. Jervis as one of the subjects of a life size group consisting of Franklin, with his kite and key, Morse, with his tele- graph instrument, Fulton, with his steamboat, and John B. Jervis on bended knee presenting High Bridge to Father Knickerbocker.
Young Jervis started work in life at the age of fifteen years with but a common school education, and for the next seven years assisted his father in work upon the farm. At the age of twenty-two he was engaged as axman on the Erie canal work at Rome, N. Y., under Chief Engineer Benjamin Wright, and the record of his actual achievements during the fifty following years shows that he had not only a master mind but also energy, perseverance, versatility, and an almost unlimited capacity for hard work. Later in this sketch will be found a brief record of his life work in chronological order, but his two great accom- plishments deserve more than a passing mention.
The first was his invention of the bogie truck in 1831, when chief engineer of the Mohawk & Hudson Railway. This invention consisted of utilizing the truck, which in itself was not new, as a steadier under the forward part of a locomotive, carrying only a small part of the weight, but acting as a pilot and holding to the rails the heavy traction wheels in the rear, when going at high speed.
Up to the time of this invention most of the locomotives in use in this coun- try had been manufactured in England; and, when the English manufacturers were informed of the plan they scoffed at the idea and called the invention a bogie or scare-crow. Although "bogie" is the name which this great invention has ever since borne, that it was no scare-crow, but a device of inestimable value, is evidenced by the fact that it is an essential part of the equipment of practi- cally every passenger and high speed locomotive used in the United States to-day.
In so high estimation did the Hudson River Railroad Company hold the services of Mr. Jervis, that when he retired from its service as chief engineer he was presented with a testimonial, which consisted of a pass engraved upon a gold medal, which entitled him to free transportation over the road for life.
Five years after his invention of the bogie truck Mr. Jervis ceased active railroad work for a time, to accept the important position of chief engineer of the Croton Water System for New York City, and, while occupying this posi- tion, he planned and carried to completion the building of High Bridge, which served for many years as the only aqueduct across the Harlem river for the en- tire water supply of New York City. The building of this structure was re- garded, in its day, as the greatest engineering feat the world had yet seen, and it brought immediate fame and renown to its designer. In connection with this work Mr. Jervis also planned and supervised the building of the reservoir in Central Park; also the reservoir which stood for over half a century at the corner of Fifth avenue and Forty-second street, New York City, and which was but recently razed to give place to the magnificent library building which now stands upon its site.
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The energy and versatility of Mr. Jervis and how completely he mastered every department of engineering are best shown by his achievements, of which the following is a record :
Born at Huntington, Long Island, in 1795. Moved to Rome, N. Y., with his parents in 1798. In 1810 left school and worked seven years on his father's farm. In 1817 was axman on Erie canal work; in 1818 rodman; in 1819 resi- dent engineer over a 17-mile section; in 1823 superintendent of canal con- struction for a 50-mile section; in 1825 resigned his Erie canal position to plan the route for the Delaware and Hudson canal and superintend its construction from its inception until the first barge of coal traversed its length in 1829; in 1830 resigned to become chief engineer of the Mohawk & Hudson Railway; in 1831 invented bogie truck and was made chief engineer of Schenectady & Sara- toga Railroad; in 1833 was engaged by the canal commissioners of New York as chief engineer for the Chenango canal; in 1836 became chief engineer of the Croton Aqueduct; in 1845 made plans for and acted as engineer during con- struction of Cochituate water supply for city of Boston; in 1847 was made chief engineer of Hudson River Railway; in 1850 resigned to take a five months' trip to Europe, and immediately upon his return commenced the construction of the Michigan Southern and Northern Indiana Railways; in 1851 was made president of the Chicago & Rock Island Railway; in 1861 was appointed general superintendent of Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne & Chicago Railway, which position he held until 1866, when at the age of 71 years he severed his railroad connec- tions and returned to his home in Rome, N. Y., where the last eighteen years of his life were passed.
During these final years, preferring as he said to "wear out rather than rust out," he gave particular attention to the business of the Rome Merchant Iron Mill, of which he was secretary and the practical head, found time to write a book on "Railroad Property," another on "Labor and Capital," and, at the age of 83, wrote a lecture on "Industrial Economy." In 1878 Hamilton College conferred on Mr. Jervis the degree of LL. D. Upon his death in 1885 Mr. Jervis left a portion of his estate to the city of Rome for a public library, an account of which appears elsewhere in this volume.
LITERARY MEN AND WOMEN
ALEXANDER BRYAN JOHNSON (1786-1867). Hamilton, '32. Admitted to the bar, but never practiced. Philosophy of Human Knowledge, a treatise on Lan- guage; Physiology of the Senses; Religion in its Relation to the Present Life; Treatise on Banking ; Guide to the Right Understanding of our American Union.
The following, while known as authors, were especially noted as Abolition- ists :
GERRIT SMITH (1797-1874), born in Utica; son of the pioneer, Peter Smith; Hamilton, '18. About 1803 his father removed to Whitesboro, and in 1806 to Peterboro, Madison county, giving the new home his own name. Probably no more disinterested philanthropist than Gerrit Smith ever lived. Refined, intel-
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lectual, fastidious, he received into the intimacy of family life and welcomed to his table despised Abolitionist and runaway slave. He exposed his health in hiding slaves from their pursuers, and braved the sneers of his class for con- sorting with "fanatics." Of lands inherited from his father he distributed 200,000 acres to poor settlers, black and white. He served a term in Congress in 1852. He published The Religion of Reason; The Theologies; Nature the Basis of a Free Theology ; Sermons and Speeches; Speeches in Congress.
BERIAH GREEN (1795-1874) ; Middlebury, '19. Prof. Sacred Lit., Western Res. Coll .; Anti-Slavery and Temperance Agitator ; Pres. Oneida Inst., a Manual Labor School; pastor at Whitesboro, 1833-74. A History of the Quakers; Ser- mons and Discourses, with a few Essays and Addresses.
THEODORE DWIGHT WELD (1803-18-) ; studied at Hamilton; also at Oberlin and Lane Seminary; left the latter institution on the suppression of the Anti- Slavery Society of the Seminary, by the trustees. A resident of Oneida county for a few years before 1830; licentiate of Oneida Presbytery; a strong anti- slavery agitator; married the South Carolinian, Angelina Grimké, also an ar- dent anti-slavery public speaker, who had emancipated a large number of slaves inherited from her father ; in 1830 became agent of the Society to promote Manual Labor in Schools and Colleges. The Bible against Slavery; American Slavery as it is; Slavery and the Internal Slave Trade.
Several clergymen are known also as authors:
HENRY MANDEVILLE (1804-1858), Union '26; pastor Dutch Reformed church, Utica, 1834-41; Prof. Moral Phil. and Rhet., Hamilton College, 1841-69; author of a series of Readers and of Elements of Reading and Oratory, which is still used as a text book in colleges.
GEORGE WASHINGTON BETHUNE (1805-1862), Columbia and Dickinson, '22; Princeton Theological Seminary; pastor Dutch Reformed Church, Utica, 1830- 34. The Fruit of the Spirit; Hist. of a Penitent; Early Lost, Early Saved; Memoirs of Mrs. Joanna Bethune; Lays of Love and Faith.
SAMUEL WARE FISHER (1814-1874), Yale, '35; Union Theological Seminary ; President Hamilton College, 1858-66; pastor Westminster church, Utica, 1867- 71. Three Great Temptations; Sermons on the Life of Christ; Occasional Ser- mons and Addresses.
PHILEMON HALSTEAD FOWLER (1814-1879), Hobart, '32; Princeton Theo- logical Seminary; pastor First Presbyterian church, Utica, 1851-72; Presby- terianism in Central New York; Relations of Labor and Capital; Memoir of Major William Fowler.
SAMUEL GILMAN BROWN (1813-1885) ; Dartmouth, '31; Andover Theological Seminary; Prof. Oratory and Belles Lettres, Intel. Phil. and Polit. Econ., Dartmouth College, 1840-67; Pres. Hamilton College, 1867-81. Life of Rufus
MRS. JAMES S. SHERMAN
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Choate ; Biography of Self-Taught Men, and many addresses and magazine arti- cles on literature, art and history. Resident of Utica for a few years before his death.
WILLIAM THOMAS GIBSON (1822-1896), Hobart, '42. A man of varied learn- ing; assistant rector of Grace church, Utica, 1858-83; also of other churches in the county ; chaplain State Hospital; editor Gospel Messenger, 1860-72; editor and proprietor Church Eclectic, 1873-95.
ISAAC S. HARTLEY (1831-1899), University of New York, '52; pastor Dutch Reformed church, Utica, 1870-1890; of the Episcopal church, Great Barrington, Mass., 1892. Prayer and its Relation to Modern Thought and Criticism; His- tory of the Reformed Church; Memorial of Rev. P. H. Fowler; Old Fort Schuy- ler in History ; The Twelve Gates; Verses from Various Authors.
LEICESTER AMBROSE SAWYER (1807-1898), Hamilton, '28; Princeton Theo- logical Seminary; Pres. Central College, O. (Since absorbed by Wooster University ) ; 30 years resident in Whitesboro. Elements of Biblical Interpreta- tion; Organic Christianity; The American Bible; A New Translation of the New Testament and Vol. 1 of the Old Testament; Reconstruction of Bible The- ories.
THOMAS JEFFERSON SAWYER (1804-1899), Middlebury, '29; Prin. Clinton Liberal Institute, 1845-52; one of the founders of Tufts College, Mass .; from 1869 Prof. Theol. and Dean of the College. Doctrine of Eternal Salvation; Who is God, the Son or the Father ? Endless Punishment.
EDWARD BRIGHT (1808-1894). For many years editor New York Examiner and Chronicle, the organ of the Baptist church, lived in Utica in his youth, and until about 1841; from 1833 or 1834, with Dolphus Bennett, printed and published in Utica the New York Baptist Register, founded 1824; A. M. Bee- bee, editor, Pastor Bleecker street Baptist church, 1840-1841.
MELANCTHON WOOLSEY STRYKER was born in Vernon in 1851; Hamilton, '72; grandson of Com. Woolsey; President Hamilton College since 1892. Mir- iam and Other Verse; Hamilton, Lincoln, and other Addresses; The Letter of James the Just; Lattermath.
CHARLES FREDERICK Goss (born 1852), Hamilton, '73; pastor Bethany church, Utica, 1881-5. The Optimist; Hits and Misses; The Philopolist; The Loom of Life. Residence, Cincinnati.
GEORGE HODGES was born in Rome in 1852. Hamilton, '77; Dean Episcopal Theological School, Cambridge, Mass., since 1894. Christianity between Sun- days; In the Present World; The Battles of Peace.
MOSES MEARS BAGG, M. D., born in Utica, 1816; Yale, '37; Medical College, Geneva, N. Y., '41; studied afterward in Paris; established at Utica since 1846; Pioneers of Utica, 1877; Memorial History of Utica, N. Y., 1892.
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ALBERT BARNES (1798-1870), born in Rome; Hamilton, '20; Commentator on the Scriptures; well known on both sides of the Atlantic. Notes on the New Testament, 11 vols., said to have reached a circulation of over a million. Com- mentaries on Isaiah, Job, Daniel, Psalms; The Church and Slavery; The Atone- ment in its Relations to Law and Moral Government; Life at Three Score and Ten.
SAMUEL KIRKLAND LOTHROP (1804-1886) ; born in Whitesboro; Harvard, '25. Grandson of Samuel Kirkland; for 42 years pastor Brattle Square church, Boston. The Life of Samuel Kirkland, Missionary to the Indians, in Sparks's Am. Biog. The History of the Church in Brattle Square.
JAMES EELLS (1822-1886) ; born in Westmoreland; Hamilton, '44. Memoir of Samuel Eells.
POMROY JONES (1789-1884), Annals and Recollections of Oneida County, 1851. SAMUEL W. DURANT, History of Oneida County. DANIEL E. WAGER, of Rome (1823-96), Our County and its People; a descriptive work on Oneida County, 1896; and various historical addresses. REV. A. D. GRIDLEY, of Clinton (1819-1876), History of the Town of Paris and the Valley of the Sauquoit, 1881.
MARC COOK (1854-1882), and CHANNING M. HUNTINGTON (1861-1894), were known as writers of verses, the former under the name of Vandyke Brown; he also wrote The Wilderness Cure.
HAROLD FREDERIC (1856-1898), born in Utica, died in London, England. Proofreader on the Utica Herald; chief editorial writer for the Utica Observer, 1880; editor Albany Evening Journal, 1882; on New York Times, 1884; then went to England; married a granddaughter of Beriah Green. His stories were written in England; their scenes laid in America, and usually in New York state. Seth's Brother's Wife; The Lawton Girl; In the Valley; The Copper- head; The Damnation of Theron Ware (English title, Illumination) ; left com- pleted Mss. of two novels, Gloria Mundi and The Market Place.
CLINTON SCOLLARD born in Clinton, 1860. Hamilton, '81; Prof. Eng. Lit., Hamilton College, 1891-1911. Residence, Clinton. Pictures in Song; With Reed and Lyre; Old and New World Lyrics; Songs of Sunrise Lands; Skenandoa Hills of Song; also descriptive prose and prose romance; A Man at Arms.
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