USA > New York > Oswego County > History of Oswego County, New York, with illustrations and Biographical sketches of some of its prominent men and pioneers > Part 20
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April 5, after having passed a few weeks in the quiet of their homes, the regiment reassembled, and on the 12th left for the front, arriving at Yorktown, Virginia, April 18.
While encamped at this place the Eighty-first was as- signed to the First brigade, First division, Eighteenth corps, Army of the James. Leaving camp on the 4th of May, they arrived at Bermuda Hundred on the day follow- ing, and on the 6th marched six miles from the landing and commenced constructing fortifications. They were de- ployed as skirmishers on the 9th, when they encountered the troops of Beauregard, and after a sharp contest routed the enemy, who made several ineffectual attempts during the night to regain their lost position. During the month now following the Eighty-first engaged in an almost unin- terrupted series of skirmishes and battles.
June 12 an advance was made towards Richmond, and General Gillmore's corps, to which the regiment was tempo- rarily attacked, engaged the enemy, drove them from a long line of works, and captured a large number of prisoners. The battle continued until midnight, the rebels in the mean time making several desperate charges to re-take the works. On the 14th it was ordered to support a battery, and on the 16th was in the battle of Drury's Bluff, where the enemy captured many of our men, General Heekman, the brigade commander, among the number. In this contest the Union forces lost about three thousand killed, wounded, and missing.
The Eighty-first occupied a conspicuous position in this
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HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK.
battle, and twice repulsed charges of the enemy, and was complimented by both Generals Butler and Gillmore for their gallantry. May 28 the Eighteenth corps was ordered to the James river, where it embarked for White House, Virginia, and on June 1 joined the Army of the Potomac at Cold Harbor, and, although suffering from the excessive heat and weary marches, the Eighteenth eorps was ordered to engage the enemy at once, and, taking a position on the left of the Sixth corps, went into the conflict. It was a desperate struggle, but at last the enemy was forced from their position and a long line of works captured. This brigade was designated to hold the works during the night, and several times repulsed the enemy in attempting to re- take them. June 2 the regiment lost over seventy in killed and wounded. Among the killed was Lieutenant J. W. Burke, of Company K.
Cold Harbor ! The mere mention of this name causes a sickening dread to creep over us as we remember the slaughter of human life on that June day. This was one of the bloodiest conflicts of the war, and the Eighty-first acquired fresh laurels to those already won on many a hard- contested field. Two captains, W. W. Ballard, of Company I, and James Martin, of Company K, were killed, and five other captains wounded. The regiment lost thirteen offi- eers ; the color-guard was completely annihilated, and one- half of those who went out to battle in the morning at night lay on the field wounded or killed. Scores of Oswego homes were rendered desolate by this day's carnage, as so many of her brave sons were offered up as a sacrifice upon the altar of their country.
" They never fail who die In a great cause. The block may soak their gore; Their heads may sodden in the sun ; their limbs Be strung to city gates or castle walls; But still'their spirits walk abroad, though years Elapse, and others share as dark a doom. They but augment the deep and sweeping thoughts Which overspread all others, and conduct The world at last to Freedom."
At the close of the twelve days in which the regiment had been engaged at Cold Harbor, two-thirds failed to answer at roll-call, and an order was issued to consolidate the companies provisionally into four. They now expected rest, but, instead, were marched to Petersburg, where, on the 15th, they drove the enemy from their first line of for- tifications, and participated in the brilliant charge of the Eighteenth corps, which was one of the most successful of the campaign. On the 16th the regiment supported an assaulting column, and on the 26th were charged by the enemy, upon whom they opened a deadly fire, utterly an- nihilating the assaulting column.
July 10 the regiment returned to the trenches that they had thrown up before Petersburg. August 2 they marched to Appomattox river, where they remained until the 26th, when they returned to Bermuda Hundred. The Eighty- first was in the battle of Fort Harrison, and was the first to plant its banner on the enemy's works. They captured several pieces of artillery, a battle-flag, and a large number of prisoners. Nine officers were either killed or wounded in this action, together with many privates. Captain Rix, Lieutenants Tuttle and Nethway were killed, and Captain
Fish, Lieutenants Dolbier and Porter mortally wounded. Lieutenant Amos Copeland was wounded, and soon after, while en route home, was killed in a railroad accident. The day following the regiment captured two battle-flags and a large number of prisoners. During the two days' battle the Eighty-first lost one hundred in killed and wounded, including nine offieers. The regiment participated in the battle near Seven Pines on the 29th, and subsequently re- turned to Chapin's Farm.
In recognition of its gallant services the Eighty-first was presented with a stand of colors by the War Department, bearing the inscriptions, Yorktown, Seven Pines, Savage Station, Malvern Hill, Winton, Violet Station, Kingsland Creek, Drury's Bluff, May 13, 15, 16; Cold Harbor, June 1, 2, and 3; Petersburg, June 15, 16, and 24, and July 9 and 30; Fort Harrison (Chapin's Farm), September 29 and 30 ; Fair Oaks (2d), October 27, 1864.
November 5 the regiment was ordered to New York, where it remained during the presidential election, and then returned to its camp, near Richmond, and was the first in- fantry regiment to enter the Confederate capital. The Eighty-first was mustered out of the United States service August 1, 1865.
The following is a list of the sieges, engagements, and raids in which the regiment participated : Siege of York- town, Virginia, May 3, 1862; Williamsburg, Virginia, May 5, 1862; Bottom's Bridge, Virginia, May 11, 1862; Savage Station, Virginia, May 22, 1862; Fair Oaks, Vir- ginia, May 30, 1862; Seven Pines, Virginia, May 31, 1862; Chickahominy, Virginia, June 24, 1862; Charles City Cross-Roads, Virginia, June 25, 1862; Malvern Hill, Virginia, July 1, 1862; Siege of Charleston, South Caro- lina, April 7, 8, 9, and 10, 1863; raid on Washington, North Carolina, April 18, 1863; raid on Trenton, North Carolina, July 4, 1863; raid on Winton, North Carolina, July 28, 29, 30, 1863; raid on Violet Station, Virginia, May 9, 1864; Kingsland Creek, Virginia, May 13, 1864; Drury's Bluff, Virginia, May 16, 1864 ; Cold Harbor, Vir- ginia, June 1-12, 1864; Siege of Petersburg, Virginia, from June 15 to August 26, 1864; Chapin's Farm, Vir- ginia, September 29, 1864; Fair Oaks (2d), Virginia, Oc- tober 27, 1864 ; entered Richmond, April 3, 1865.
CHAPTER XVIII.
OSWEGO IN THE REBELLION.
The One Hundred and Tenth Regiment.
THIS regiment was composed of companies raised in the county of Oswego, and was mustered into the United States service, August 25, 1862, to serve three years. It was offi- cered as follows, viz. :
Colonel, Dewitt C. Littlejohn, Oswego; Lieutenant-Colo- nel, Clinton H. Sage, Fulton ; Major, Charles Hamilton ; Adjutant, Harvey D. Talcott, Oswego; Quartermaster, Warren D. Smith, Oswego ; Surgeon, Allen C. Livingston, Fulton ; Assistant Surgeons, Tobias J. Green, Parish, and
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HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK.
Alfred Rice, Hannibal ; Chaplain, Edward Lord, Fulton ; Quartermaster-Sergeant, F. G. Comstock, Albion; Ser- geant-Major, B. F. Bailey, Oswego.
Line Officers .- Company A, Captain, Brainard M. Pratt, Fulton ; First Lieutenant, Valorus Randall, Fulton ; Second Lieutenant, Almon A. Wood, Fulton.
Company B, Captain, Vinson L. Garrett, Albion ; First Lieutenant, Albert A. Fellons, Pulaski; Second Lieutenant, J. Ashpole, Pulaski.
Company C, Captain, O. B. Olmstead, Orwell; First Lieutenant, Yates W. Newton, Sandy Creek ; Second Lieu- tenant, A. F. Johnson, Redfield.
Company D, Captain, H. C. Devendorf, Hastings ; First Lieutenant, D. D. McKoon, Schroeppel; Second Lieutenant, W. S. Bradley, Schroeppel.
Company E, Captain, John Sawyer, Mexico; First Lieu- tenant, Samuel Nichols, Mexico; Second Lientenant, Wm. A. Smith; Palermo.
Company F, Captain, E. N. Boyd, Hannibal ; First Lieu- tenant, Isaac H. Peckham, Hannibal ; Second Lieutenant, Thomas Hunter, Sterling, Cayuga county.
Company G, Captain, Wm. P. Mckinley, Oswego; First Lieutenant, E. Jenett, Scriba ; Second Lieutenant, A. B. Frey, Oswego.
Company H, Captain, John Stevenson, Oswego; First Lieutenant, Charles A. Philipps, Oswego ; Second Lieuten- ant, Wm. I. Rasmussen, Oswego.
Company I, Captain, James Doyle, Oswego ; First Lieu- tenant, Thomas Kehoe, Oswego ; Second Lieutenant, E. P. Allen, Oswego.
Company K, Captain, H. D. Brown, Constantia ; First Lieutenant, C. Gardner, Parish ; Second Lieutenant, N. A. Gardner, Amboy.
The following list shows the number of muen enlisted from the various towns in the county, viz. : Albion, 48; Amboy, 21; Boylston, 15; Constantia, 50; Granby, 25 ; Hannibal, 77; Hastings, 67; Mexico, 56; New Haven, 20 ; Orwell, 44; Oswego town, 43. City : First ward, 31 ; Second ward, 23; Third ward, 53; Fourth ward, 40. Parish, 29; Palermo, 33; Redfield, 15; Richland, 60 ; Schroeppel, 35 ; Sandy Creek, 24 ; Scriba, 55 ; Volney, 100; West Monroe, 11 ; Williamstown, 9. Enlisted from Oneida county, 6; from Onondaga, 2; from Cayuga, 30 ; from Jef- ferson and Erie, 1 each ; making a total of 1025 men.
At eight o'clock on the evening of August 25 the regi- ment left camp, and was escorted to the depot by the United States regulars from Fort Ontario, the Oswego Guards, German Light Guards, Washington Guards, Fremont Guards, and Captain McKlintock's company, enlisted for the Fourth Oswego Regiment, freemen, etc. Business was suspended, and more than six thousand people assembled to bid farewell to and witness the departure of a regiment composed of the best material in Oswego County. They proceeded to Baltimore, via Albany and New York, and while passing through the latter city received many enco- miums of praise on the personnel of the regiment. Among the captains were two ministers of the gospel and two officers of the State militia,-Rev. V. L. Garrett, of Com- pany B, and Rev. John Sawyer, of Company E; and James Doyle, of Company I, colonel of the Forty-eighth Regiment
of militia, and H. C. Devendorf, of Company D, lieutenant- colonel of the same organization.
The regiment remained at Baltimore, in Camp Patterson park, about two months, and then embarked aboard the steamer "Ericsson" for Fortress Monroe, where they arrived November 6. While here they were assigned to the Department of the Gulf, in the expedition under the command of General N. P. Banks. They remained at Ship Island nine days, and then proceeded by steamer to New Orleans, and were ordered into camp. After a few weeks they moved to Baton Rouge, and at the expiration of ten days the regiment was ordered to Port Hudson, and actively participated in that memorable siege. The Union land forces were under the command of General Banks, and the fleet was directed by the late gallant admiral whose bravery and success at Port Hudson and Mobile immortal- ized his name, and won for him the proud epithet of the most brilliant and successful naval commander of the age, -David G. Farragut.
Eight war-vessels comprised the expedition to Port Hudson ; viz., " Hartford," " Richmond," " Mississippi," " Monongahela," " Kineo," "Albatross," "Sachem," and " Genesee." On the night of the 15th of April, 1863, all being in readiness, a red light from the flag-ship signaled the squadron to weigh anchor, and the majestic steamers, followed by the four gun-boats, steamed silently along in the darkness of wight. They had not proceeded far, however, when a challenge was received from a rebel battery secreted in the foliage on the river-bank. The challenge was promptly accepted, and a broadside was hurled upon the ambuscaded foe. This was the signal for the conflict, and immediately there began one of the fiercest naval contests of the war. Battery after battery opened its fire until the hillsides seemed peopled with demons hurling their thunder- bolts, while the earth trembled beneath the incessant and terrific explosions. An eye-witness thus describes the scene presented by the mammoth shells :
" Never shall I forget the sight that then met my aston- ished vision. Shooting upward, at an angle of forty-five degrees, with the rapidity of lightning, small globes of golden flame were seen sailing through the pure ether,- not a steady, unfading flame, but corruscating like the fitful gleams of the fire-fly, now visible, and anon invisible. Like a flying star of the sixth magnitude, the terrible missile-a thirteen-inch shell-nears its zenith, up and still up, higher and higher. Its flight now becomes much slower, till, on reaching its utmost altitude, its centrifugal force becoming counteracted by the earth's attraction, it describes a parabolic curve, and down, down, it comes, bursting, it may be, ere it reaches terra firma, but probably alighting in the rebel works ere it explodes, where it scatters death and destruction around."
Two of the vessels succeeded in running the blockade.
About this time the regiment returned to New Orleans, and encamped at Algiers, opposite the city, and soon after joined the expedition to the Tench country, and partici- pated in the battle of Camp Bisland. They next encamped at Alexandria, on the Red river, where they remained ten days, and returned to Port Hudson.
During a period of nearly two weeks the squadron had
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HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK.
kept up an almost incessant bombardment; and on the morning of Wednesday, May 27, the land forces came into position, and the great battle opened. The conflict was severe, and several guns of the enemy were captured. On the 13th of June General Banks gave orders for a grand assault at three o'clock on the following morning.
In this grand assaulting column were four companies, A, B, E, and I, of the One Hundred and Tenth, under com- mand of Major Charles Hamilton. The thin and deci- mated ranks of those four companies at the elose of this fierce assault told only too plainly of the horrors of that June day. The fighting lasted eight hours, and was one of the most desperate assaults ever witnessed. The regi- ment at this time was commanded by Colonel C. H. Sage. The six companies of the regiment stationed on the west side captured a large number of the enemy while attempt- ing to carry the fort. The One Hundred and Tenth shared in the general rejoicing when, on July 9, 1863, General Gardiner surrendered his entire command to Gen- eral Andrews, of the Union forces. No member of the gallant One Hundred and Tenth who witnessed the surren- der, and saw the old flag of the Union unfurled to the breeze, and heard the thunder of the batteries whose rever- berations rolled majestically along the ealm surface of the Father of Waters, will soon forget the enthusiasm and rejoicings of that day.
After the capitulation the regiment left Port Hudson, and next encamped at Algiers, opposite New Orleans, where they remained a few days, and then embarked aboard trans- ports for Sabine Pass. They soon after joined the expedi- tion to the Teneh country, under command of General N. P. Banks. General Banks' celebrated " water-train" created considerable merriment among the men. It consisted of a long train of wagons, each carrying a huge hogshead filled with water for the use of horses and men. Theoretically it was a success, but practically a miserable failure. Magru- der drove him back ; the expedition was abandoned ; the water-train was among the things of the past, and the regiment returned to Algiers, and embarked for Fort Jefferson, Garden Key, otherwise known as the "Dry Tortugas."
The regiment remained here doing garrison duty, and had in charge about nine hundred prisoners, among whom was the celebrated Dr. Mudd, of assassination notoriety. During the month of August they left Tortugas for home, and were mustered out of the United States service at Albany, August 25, 1865.
CHAPTER XIX.
OSWEGO IN THE REBELLION.
The One Hundred and Forty-seventh Regiment.
THE failure of General MeClellan's peninsular campaign in the spring and summer of 1862, the disaster of the second battle of Bull Run, and retreat of the army of the Potomac into the defenses of Washington, had dissipated
all hope of a speedy termination of the war, and filled the country with aların.
President Lincoln had issued his proclamation for " six hundred thousand more." In August, 1862, D. C. Little- john passed through every part of Oswego County, and with fiery eloquence sounded the " slogan." The farmer left his field ; the artisan his bench; all pursuits gave way to the extreme necessity of the hour, and the men hastened to enroll their names under the sacred banner of their country.
The One Hundred and Tenth Regiment New York vol- unteers was speedily organized, and left for the field under Colonel D. C. Littlejohn.
The One Hundred and Forty-seventh Regiment New York volunteers was soon after organized, its ranks filled, and the regiment mustered into the United States service September 23, 1862.
The following were the field and staff of the One IIun- dred and Forty-seventh regiment :
Colonel, Andrew S. Warner; Lieutenant-Colonel, John G. Butler; Adjutant, Dudley Farling; Quartermaster, Benjamin F. Lewis; Surgeon, A. S. Coe; Assistant Sur- geons, John T. Stillman, S. G. Place; Chaplain, Harvey E. Chapin.
Line Officers .-- Company A, Captain John MeKinlock ; First Lieutenant, George Huginin ; Second Lieutenant, Edward Greyware.
Company B, Captain, George Harney ; First Lieutenant, Patrick Slattery ; Second Lieutenant, A. Judson Dickison.
Company C, Captain, Datus Woodward; First Lieu- tenant, E. D. Parker; Second Lieutenant, William R. Potts.
Company D, Captain, Alexander Hulett; First Lieuten- ant, George A. Sisson ; Second Lieutenant, W. P. Schenck.
Company E, Captain, Elhannan Seely ; First Lieutenant, James Coey ; Second Lieutenant, Orson J. Woodward.
Company F, Captain, Cyrus V. Hartshorn ; First Lieu- tenant, Chauncey L. Grulley ; Seeond Lientenant, Harvey Flint.
Company G, Captain, Delos Gary ; First Lieutenant, Charles F. Robe ; Second Lieutenant, Volney J. Pierce.
Company II, Captain, R. W. Slayton ; First Lieutenant, Abram Conterman ; Second Lieutenant, D. W. C. Mat- thews.
Company I, Captain, Patrick Regan ; First Lieutenant, James A. Mckinley ; Second Lieutenant, Daniel McAssy.
Company K, Captain, Nathaniel A. Wright; First Lieu- tenant, Franklin N. Hamlin ; Second Lieutenant, Joseph Dempsey.
Non-Commissioned Staff .- Hospital Steward, Charles K. Paddock ; Sergeant-Major, H. G. Lee; Quartermaster- Sergeant, Ilenry II. Mellen ; Commissary-Sergeant, Alfred N. Beadle.
Francis C. Miller, late captain Company C, Twenty- fourth New York volunteers, was commissioned major Oc- tober 4, and joined the regiment in the defenses of Wash- ington. The regiment, comprising eight hundred and thirty-seven enlisted men, left Oswego, where it was organı- ized and enrolled,. under the command of Colonel A. S. Warner, for the front, September 27, 1862, via Elmira,
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HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK.
Harrisburg, and Baltimore, and arrived at Washington Sep- tember 30. It was ordered to Camp Chase, in the southern defenses, about two miles from Long Bridge.
October 3 it was ordered to the northern defenses at Tenallytown, three miles north of Georgetown. It there remained nearly two months, occupied in building forts and digging rifle-pits for the protection of Washington. It occupied an old camping-ground in the midst of a beautiful country, diversified with wooded knolls, open glades, and bosky dells, but this beautiful encampment was infected with a deadly malaria, emanating from decaying animal and vegetable matter, the accumulation of one and a half year's occupation by our armies. Dysentery, typhoid fever, and jaundice soon became prevalent. The regiment was soon decimated by sickness and desertion.
Nostalgia, or home-sickness, often was a fruitful source of more serious illness. Harvey Flint, second lieutenant Company F, died of typhoid fever November 23. . Horace G. Lee, sergeant-major, was promoted to fill his place December 3. Colonel Warner, Lieutenant-Colonel Butler, Captain Woodward, Company C, Lieutenant Slatterly, Company B, and Quartermaster Lewis were stricken with fever and sent to hospital or went home on sick leave of absence. Much discontent and dissatisfaction among the men were caused by enforced labor on the defenses. But little time was afforded for drill and military instruction, important requisites for preparing the regiment for efficient field service. The men had not acquired the pride of a professional soldier, which yields willing obedience, unques- tioned, to his superior officer. The officer had not yet the requisite knowledge of his profession which inspires respect from his inferior in rank.
There was also a great lack of experience with officers and men in the practical life of camp and field, hence it was difficult to enforce efficient sanitary measures for the health of the regiment.
November 28 the regiment, under the command of Major Miller, was ordered to join the Army of the Potomac, then stationed at Falmouth and Aquia creek, Virginia.
The enemy occupied the south bank of the Rappahan- nock about Fredericksburg, a position strong by nature, and made impregnable by art, as the experience of our army soon after proved.
The regiment marched across southeastern Maryland to Port Tobacco, situated on the north 'bank of the Potomac, opposite to Aquia creek, arriving there December 1. It crossed the Potomac that night on transports. December 2, before the baggage train containing the tents came up, there set in a furious snow-storm. The men had with them their shelter-tents, which afforded to them a partial shelter from the driving storm, but the officers had no tents, save one which was brought up by one officer who went back to the baggage-train after dark to get it. The night was spent by the officers mostly in cutting wood to keep a huge fire burning to keep themselves from freezing. In the morning their garments were frozen stiff on their baeks. During the next day the train arrived and the regiment went into encampment. Soon after its arrival at Aquia creek it was brigaded with the Twentieth, Twenty-first, and Twenty-second New Jersey, and One Hundred and
Thirty-seventh Pennsylvania Regiments, enlisted to serve nine months, under Colonel Bossert, of the One Hundred and Thirty-seventh Regiment.
The brigade was assigned to provost duty under the direct command of army headquarters. Its duties were to guard the line of railroad from Aquia creek to Falmouth, attend to receiving and forwarding supplies, and perform general police duties. The One Hundred and Forty-seventh regiment was stationed at Falmouth, and witnessed the disastrous battle of Fredericksburg, December 13, but took no active part in the engagement. In the first week of January, 1863, the brigade was transferred to the First army corps, commanded by Major-General Reynolds, form- ing the Third brigade, commanded by Brigadier-General Paul, in the First division, commanded by Brigadier-Gen- eral Wadsworth. Colonel Warner, Lieutenant-Colonel But- ler, Captain Woodward, Company C, and Quartermaster Lewis had a short time previously returned to duty. Up to this time the regiment had been performing irregular duty, affording little opportunity to become proficient in the details of drill and discipline. General Paul, an old army officer, directly set himself to the task to perfect the organization and discipline of his brigade, attending to the details of drill, sanitary policing, and the personal and soldierly bearing of officers and men. The regiment was encamped at Belle Plain, on the Potomac, four miles below Aquia creek. The country was densely wooded and broken into high conical hills and deep ravines. Access to the camps was sometimes difficult. The roads during the rainy season were nearly impassable. The camping-grounds were excessively uneven, and the men were obliged to exeavate or burrow into the hill-side to erect their tents or cabins, and to obtain shelter from the fierce storms of wind, rain, sleet, or snow which almost constantly swept the Potomac throughout that winter ; consequently much sickness pre- vailed, especially typhoid pneumonia. Many a brave and patriotic soldier yielded up his life with the regret that it should be thus untimely cut short before he could strike a blow for his country.
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