USA > New York > Oswego County > History of Oswego County, New York, with illustrations and Biographical sketches of some of its prominent men and pioneers > Part 74
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Finding it impossible to remain there longer, Mr. B. returned to the house of Mr. Vanderkemp, where he re- mained until spring. He then went back to his place at the bay, and during the season put up a substantial house and commeneed a clearing.
Directly in front of Mr. Bernhard's residenee, and about fifty rods out in the lake, a small island is visible during low water. It was at this time, and for many years after, the custom of the Oneida Indians to bring to this point those of their squaws who had committed offenses against Iroquois law, and compel them (as a punishment) to swim to the island and return.
Thus, from year to year, the little settlement upon the bank of the lake slowly grew and prospered. Although the Indians eame frequently in large bodies to the lake, for the pur- pose of fishing, yet they always showed a friendly disposition towards the whites; and, during all those early years in which the pioneers were struggling with the hardships of a frontier life, there is not an instance on record in which the Indians placed an impediment in their way.
In the year 1798, although improvements had been in progress at Rotterdam for several years, there were still but few inhabitants. The only persons in the present town of Con- stantia to be found on the assessment roll of Mexico for that year were John Meyer, Amos Mathews, John Bernhard, Daniel Bernhard, Henry Fall, and Solomon Waring ; besides Mr. George Seriba, who was assessed this year upon the greater part of the town. Mr. Vanderkemp moved to Tren- ton, Queida eounty, shortly after Mr. Bernhard located at the bay. The exact date is not known, but, from the fact that his name does not appear on the assessment roll in 1798, it must have been previous to this year.
The first school held in the town was held during the winter of 1797-98, in a log building which had been erected for the purpose. For a few years afterwards great improvements were made in the village of Rotterdam. A large number of Hollanders were indueed by Mr. Scriba to leave their native country and loeate here. Although there was, at this time, seareely a bushel of grain raised in the neighborhood, Mr. S. erected a grist-mill, five stories high, upon the bank of Seriba's ereek ; but this, like some of his other enterprises, was a failure. The machinery was put in, but could never be made to work. A number of years afterwards, however, a small addition was made to the build-
ing, in which a single run of stone was used for grinding corn. As near as we ean learn, Mr. Seriba himself made his home at Rotterdam abont 1800, building a large frame house in which his descendants still reside.
From the grist-mill to a point about half a mile up the ereek Mr. Seriba eaused a canal to be dug, which was sided with heavy oak timbers bolted securely to their places. At the head of this eanal he ereeted a building which he in- tended for a distillery, but it was never used.
Up to the war of 1812 progress was very slow. The town, as has been said, was set off from Mexico on the 8th of April, 1808, under the name of Constantia, but the village was ealled Rotterdam for a long period afterwards. By an aet passed in 1811, Mr. Seriba was granted the exelusive privilege of a ferry aeross Oneida lake, but, like so many more of his projects, this produced very little in the way of practical results.
Constantia is spoken of in "Spafford's Gazetteer" for 1813, as follows :
"Constantia, a post-township of Oneida county, compre- hends three townships, Nos. 10, 11, 13 of Seriba's patent, Breda, Delft, and Rotterdam on the surveyor-general's maps. The population is at present inconsiderable ; from thirty to thirty-five families. The land is mostly low and level, and the soil is represented as good. Some contro- versies respecting the title to a part of this town, and its having been represented unhealthy, have occasioned its slow progress in improvement and population ; but my correspondents say the first obstacle is entirely removed, and the latter, also, having taken its rise from some stag- nant water, now drained off. There are a pretty competent number of sites for mills, and a good grist- and saw-mill ereeted at Rotterdam. A very good silicious sand, with a small admixture of elay, suitable for the composition of glass, was aceidentally discovered lately at Rotterdam, but it is not yet wrought. Fort Brewerton was within this town, at the outlet of Oneida lake. The land is held iu fee, and will probably prove good for grass, and particularly for grazing. In 1810, the whole population was one hun- dred and fifty-three, with twenty-six electors. The post- offiee was established in 1812."
Constantia has so much early history that we must pass rapidly over its later annals, restricting ourselves to the more prominent events. In the winter of 1819-20 a ball was given at the hotel at Constantia village (as it now began to be ealled), and as such an event was somewhat unusual at that time, the announcement created a good deal of exeite- ment among the young people on both sides of the lake. The day finally arrived, and in the afternoon a sleigh-load of young men and women started from the south side to cross the lake on the ice. The day was fine, and as the road was plainly marked out, they had no difficulty in making the trip. After attending the ball they set out to return about midnight. The sky, which but a few hours before had been so clear, was now covered with dense black clouds, and the keen wind which was blowing up the lake told of an approaching storm. Arriving at the bank of the lake, they found a Mr. Beebe, who was about to cross on foot with a hand-sled, and who asked the privilege of fastening his sled to the rear of their sleigh. To this they readily consented,
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HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK.
the sled was tied on, and off they started. They had gone but a short distance before the storm was upon them, ren- dering it impossible to keep the road. Some of the party desired to return and await daylight, but it was finally de- cided to go on, as the ice was thought to be secure, and little danger was anticipated. Slowly they continued their course in the blinding storm, until, when near the middle of the lake, the horses stopped, and for a moment refused to advance farther. They were urged forward, however, and had gone but a short distance before the ice gave way, and the party in the sleigh were precipitated into the lake. Fortunately, Mr. Beebe, who had expected to cross the lake on foot, had provided himself with ice-spurs. He sprang from his sled, and by means of his spurs was enabled to maintain his footing upon the ice. Through his efforts the entire party were rescued ; not, however, until one of the young ladies, who had been for some time in the water, was rendered entirely helpless. Although they all succeeded in reaching the shore, the unfortunate girl died within a short time afterwards.
The first settlement in the southeastern part of the town was made by Christopher Martin, of Vermont, who located upon " great lot No. 131," in February, 1821. Mr. Mar- tin describes this locality as being at that time a place of great beauty. The banks of the lake were lined with chestnut- and walnut-trees, while stretching away for miles in the background was an unbroken forest of pines and other evergreens. Game was abundant in the woods, and salmon were plenty in the lake. Mr. Martin erected a frame house, eighteen by twenty-eight feet. During the same year Daniel Howard, Solomon Howard, and Isaac Ward located in the neighborhood.
The first school was kept by Mr. Martin, in the winter of 1822-23, in a log house upon the Vanderkemp farm. This was the first school taught in district No. 1, which included all of the east half of the town. The first school-house was built two or three years later, and was a log building, twenty by twenty-six feet, located on small lot No. 10. The first religious meeting in the vicinity was held in the house of Mr. Martin, in the summer of 1822, by the Rev. Mr. Keyes, a Methodist minister, on his way to attend conference.
In 1824 Nathan Beebe came on. He built a saw-mill the same year, the first one in this part of the town. During this year Mr. Horace Hitchcock located in the neighbor- hood, and in 1825 James Cleveland, James Dickey, Sam'l H. Stevens, and Abiethy Buck came to the same locality. Mr. Stevens built the first hotel where the village of Cleve- land now is. The building is still standing, although it has been several times repaired and altered. It is now called the Marble House, and is kept by Mr. Morgan.
The first store in Cleveland village was built by Messrs. Cleveland & Stevens, in 1826. Shortly after, a post-office was established, and Mr. Cleveland was appointed post- master. It was called " Cleveland," after him, and as the village grew up it received the same name.
Although a stock company had been incorporated under the name of the Constantia iron company as early as March 9, 1814, they had not commenced operations, and it was not until they were succeeded, about 1830, by the American iron company (consisting of Nathan J. Stiles, John C.
Coffin, and others) that work was begun. This company selected a site on the west bank of Scriba creek, a short distance above the mill, and immediately began the crection of a furnace. The building was sixty by a hundred feet, and their cold-blast furnace was capable of turning out three potash-kettles per day. The furnace brought other settlers into the village, and in 1834 a second store was erected by Augustus Marshall. At this time the town began to improve much more rapidly than before. The village of Constantia was incorporated by a special act passed May 25, 1836.
The American iron company sold out in 1836 to the Oneida Lake furnace company, which consisted of Moses W. Lester, C. Woodbridge, J. Tucker, and others. In 1839, while this company were engaged in building an ad- dition to their stack, it fell to the ground, almost entirely destroying their building.
In 1840, Mr. Anthony Landgraft, a German glass-manu- facturer, who had been making glass in this country sinee 1819, located at the village of Cleveland, and erected the first glass-works in the county. Although sand suitable for making glass was discovered as early as 1813, several miles west of Cleveland, its existence in the neighborhood of that village was unknown, and for the first year after establishing his works there Mr. Landgraft boated his sand from Verona, upon the south shore of the lake. He discovered in 1841 that his works were located upon a bed of sand far superior to what he had been using. In consequence of this dis- covery two other glass-factories have since been established in the town, and a large amount of sand is exported an- nually to other works in this State and Canada.
In 1842 the Oneida Lake furnace company failed. It was succeeded by Newton Dexter, Hiram Blanchard, and Moses W. Lester, who within a short time transferred the property to a company called the Constantia iron company. Mr. Edward B. Judson, the principal stockholder, put in a hot-air blast, and carried on the business for a number of years. In the spring of 1851, the Union glass company was organized. Their works were put up during the year, and the manufacture of window-glass was commenced in the spring of 1852, under the supervision of Charles Hoyt, agent of the company. The manufacture of glass at Bern- hard's bay was commenced in 1852, by a stock company.
Since that time settlement has progressed considerably. Mills have been erected upon all the principal streams, and the forest of pines which but a few years since was undis- turbed by the woodsman, has found its way in the shape of lumber to the distant markets of the Atlantic cities.
The population of the town at different periods since it was reduced to its present size has been as follows: In 1840, 1476; in 1850, 2495; in 1860, 3413; in 1870, 3437; in 1875, 3491.
CONSTANTIA VILLAGE.
The village of Constantia, a station on the New York and Oswego Midland railroad, pleasantly situated at the mouth of Scriba creek, was incorporated in 1836, but has since ceased to exercise its corporate rights. The population in 1870 was five hundred and eighty-seven. There are within its limits one lawyer, two physicians, three churches, five
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J. BERNHARD AND FAMILY.
AMONG the very early pioneer families te Oswego County, may be mentioned the Bernhard family. John Bernhard, Sr., was born in Holland, October 11, 1754. He was married to Miss Elizabeth Catharine Vonk, February 4, 1785. Miss Vonk, now " Mrs. Bernhard," was born in Holland, October 28, 1755. As a result of this happy union one son, John L., was born in May, 1786. In the year 1790, Mr. Bernhard's family emigrated to America, and settled on Staten Island. Here they lived till 1795, when they removed to Oswego County, New York, and located at Bernhard's Bay. The place bears their name in honor of their being the first settlers, several years before any one else located in the same community.
Mr. Bernhard's occupation was farming, which honorable calling his son, John L., followed during his life. Mr. Bernhard died Janu- ary 11, 1821, and his wife died January 9, 1816.
MRS.ANNA BERNHARD.
John L. Bernhard was married to Miss Anne B. Bloomfield, Jan- uary 3, 1814. Miss Anne Berlew Bloomfield was born in New Jer- sey, October 30, 1788.
John L. Bernhard and wife were the parents of eight children, four sons and four daughters, five of whom still live, two sons and three daughters. One son died in the service of his country during the great Rebellion, at Algiers, near New Orleans. John L. died Octo- ber 27, 1833. His wife made her home at the old homestead with her son, James M., till her death, which occurred September 1, 1855.
James M. was born April 10, 1825, at Bernhard's Bay, where he now lives. He has always been an industrious farmer, and is to-day one of the most enterprising and intelligent men in the town. As will be seen by the accompanying portraits, we have examples of the early pioneers of our county.
The portraits, together with this biography, are given by James M., in memory of his honored parents and grandparents.
JOHN BERNHARD.
ELIZABETH C. BERNHARD.
BERNHARDS BAY. N.Y.
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HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK.
stores, one hotel, two blacksmith-shops, two wagon-shops, several mills, and a large lannery. The present business men are as follows :
General merchants, Robertson & Brothers, J. W. Beebe, Dewayne Miles, and J. A. Baker; druggist, L. Gardiner ; lawyer, Hon. W. H. Baker ; physicians, F. A. Harvill and J. A. Griffin ; harness-maker, Moulton Duffler.
The village meat-market is kept by J. R. Decker. The grist-mill is owned by J. Carter's sons. The wagon-makers are Stowel & Brown, and A. Dufffer.
The tannery is owned by Robinson & Bros. It was built in 1850, and has been twice burned and rebuilt. The present building is one of the largest in the county used as a tannery. The establishment consumes annually from four to six thousand cords of bark.
CLEVELAND VILLAGE.
This village was incorporated by a special act, passed April 15, 1857, which has since been amended by an act passed in 1859.
The first village officers were as follows: President, Wm. Foster; Trustees, Asher S. Potter, James Carroll, Ebenezer Knibloe, Seth P. Duncan, and Henry J. Caswell; Clerk, Lucian J. Sanders; Assessors, Franklin Stevens, James W. Aspees, Walter D. Sperry ; Treasurer, Cyrus Marble ; Constable and Collector, David Hazen.
The village presidents have been as follows: 1857-58, Wm. Foster; 1859, W. D. Sperry; 1860, Wm. Foster ; 1861, Seth P. Duncan ; 1862, L. J. Sanders ; 1863, Chas. Cathern ; 1864, Henry J. Caswell; 1865 and '66, Seth P. Duncan ; 1867 and '68, A. S. Chisholm ; 1869 and '70, Crawford Getman; 1871, Wm. Foster; 1872, Archibald Chisholm ; 1873, G. W. Lane; 1874, H. J. Caswell; 1875, Wm. Foster, Jr .; 1876, H. J. Caswell ; 1877, Geo. Harding.
The village officers elected April 10, 1877, are as fol- lows: President, George Harding; Trustees, Charles Cum- mins, John Extale, E. T. Earl, Martin App, and Albert Morse, Jr. ; Clerk, Frank G. Terpenny ; Treasurer, Henry Garber; Collector, Alfred Seamans ; Assessors, Seth P. Duncan, J. E. Earl, and Philip Kirne; Police Constable, Silas H. Dunn ; Engineers, H. W. Travis, C. C. Marble.
The following are present business men in the village : Dry goods and groceries, A. J. & J. Morse, Stedman & Hale, J. A. Turck, Caswell & Getman.
General merchant, Wm. Foster.
The store of the Union glass company also does a gen- eral business.
Druggists, D. F. Whyborn and F. J. Allen.
Hardware merchant, D. M. Alger.
Butchers, H. Travis and John Fosdick.
Harness-maker, George Harding.
Jeweler, S. P. Duncan & Son.
Shoe-stores, S. Dunn and N. Gorman.
Turilor, P. Keogh. Barber, Casper Birkle. Physicians, D. T. Whyborn and V. A. Allen. Lawyers, D. Wilder and Henry Garber.
Hotel-keepers, A. Morgan, proprietor of Marble House, and A. M. Wilson, proprietor of Cleveland House.
Saloon-keepers, E. M. Fern, J. Housiers, Wmn. II. Foster, and Globe Hotel, Schuler & Knight.
Photographer, Charles II. Whitney. Grist-mill, James Carroll & Sou.
The ouly Cleveland newspaper, the Lakeside Press, is mentioned in the chapter of this work devoted to the his- tory of the press of the county.
BERNHARD'S BAY.
The little hamlet at this point, a station on the New York and Oswego Midland railroad, had in 1865, a hun- dred and sixty inhabitants. It has a general country storo in connection with the glass-works, which are owned by Stevens, Crandall & Co. These works employ about sixty men, and manufacture near thirty thousand boxes of glass per year.
THE EPISCOPAL CHURCHI AT CONSTANTIA.
The church building was erected in 1831, and was con- seerated by Bishop B. T. Onderdonk, September 4, 1833. The church officers elected at that time were Nicholas I. Roosevelt and Frederick W. Scriba, wardens; Geo. Scriba, Burnet Dundas, John Beebe, Robert Elliott, Jacob Beebe, and George Seriba, Jr., vestrymen. The first pastor was Timothy Minor. The present officers are Dr. Frederick Harvill and Julian Carter, wardens ; John Duffler, Andrew J. Duffler, James Barnes, William Colwell, Richard Carter, Elijah Hollenbeck, L. S. Stevens, and Frederick C. Lander, vestrymen.
THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF CONSTANTIA.
The church building was erected in 1842; the first pastor being Rev. Archibald Robinson, who remained until 1844. From this time until 1873 no regular pastor was in- stalled over the church, though the charge was supplied for short periods by students from the theological school at Auburn. The first officers were Robert McFarlan and D. W. Ingersoll, deacons ; Rollin Blount, Jos. E. Wood- bridge, and Moses Lester, trustees. The first members were Robert McFarlan and wife, Rollin Blount and wife, Jos. E. Woodbridge and wife, Nathan J. Stiles and wife, and Mrs. Lester. The present pastor is Rev. Mr. McCarthy, and the present officers are D. W. Ingersoll and Daniel D. Ingersoll, elders; James Robinson and George Clough, trustees ; and Norman Allen, clerk. The Sunday-school consists of seventy scholars, and the library contains about fifty volumes.
THE SOCIETY OF FRIENDS ( AT BERNHARD'S BAY).
This society was organized in 1846. Elder John Bedell and his wife, who was a minister, were influential in its for- mation. The first members were John P. Dickinson and wife, John A. Hoyt and wife, Benjamin Bedell and wife, Israel J. Titus and wife, Willard Stratton and wife, Phebe Bedell, and Patience Hallock. The present members are John Bedell, Cornelius Winn, John S. Haight, and Samuel F. Dickinson.
THE METHODIST CHURCH OF CONSTANTIA.
Although the society had existed for a number of years previous, and its members had held religious services from
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HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK.
time to time, the church building was not begun until 1868. The lot was donated to the society by Mr. J. Carter. The building was completed July 20, 1871 ; the cost being esti- mated at five thousand dollars.
The first pastor was Rev. H. C. Abbot; and the first board of trustees consisted of E. W. Phillips, Chauncy Dunn, and G. J. Prentiss. The present officers are Lewis K. Auringer, Alexander Brown, and Dr. J. A. Griffin, trustees ; G. J. Prentiss and J. R. Decker, class-leaders ; and G. J. Prentiss, J. R. Decker, Thomas Boots, Jr., Alex- ander Brown, L. K. Auringer, T. S. Marsden, Alvin South- well, W. H. Stowell, and E. W. Miller, stewards. The Sunday-school has about one hundred scholars.
THE METHODIST CHURCH OF CLEVELAND.
The Rev. Christopher Martin was the originator of Methodism in the village of Cleveland, and although for a great number of years the society had no regular place of worship, Mr. Martin preached from time to time in private houses in various parts of the village.
The present pastor of the church is Rev. W. S. Titus. The board of trustees consists of E. Crispin, Z. Darland, H. J. Caswell, G. Andas, and J. M. Bernhard. There are three Sunday-schools connected with this charge, having in the aggregate about one hundred and fifty pupils. The Sunday-school library consists of about one hundred volumes.
THIE EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF CLEVELAND.
This church was organized July 22, 1867. The first rector was James Stoddard, in 1867. The present officers are William Foster and Charles Kathern, wardens ; Jos. Turck, William H. Foster, Abraham M. Carpenter, Henry J. Caswell, Henry Garber, Asher S. Potter, Dewitt C. Stevenson, and James R. Bones, vestrymen. The society is at present without a pastor ; the Rev. R. L. Matison being the last, who left in April, 1877. The Sunday- school consists of about forty members, and has a small library.
There is also a Catholic church at this point, but owing to the absence of its pastor we have been unable to learn the facts regarding it.
SECRET SOCIETIES.
The first meeting for the organization of a Masonic lodge at Constantia was held in September, 1856, when a petition for a charter was sent to the grand lodge. The charter was obtained in 1857. Among the first officers elected were the following: Charles P. Lander, Master ; Frederick C. Hibbard, S. W .; Abraham Countreman, J. W. There is no record of the other officers. The present officers of the lodge are T. Charles Manchester, Master ; Augustus Whelpley, S. W .; Thomas Lorey, J. W .; W. C. Talcott, Treasurer ; John A. Griffin, Secretary ; . Silas P. Cross, S. D .; William Taylor, J. D .; P. S. Marsh, Tyler.
CLEVELAND LODGE, F. AND A. M., No. 613 .- The first meeting was held July 2, 1866. The first stated communication was held upon the 6th day of November, 1866. The charter was granted on the 7th day of June, 1867. The lodge has held regular meetings
since its organization, and is in good standing. Although during the existence of the lodge the number of its mem- bers has been eighty-one, there have been but three deaths since its organization. The first officers were I. S. Morse, Master ; A. S. Chisholm, S. W .; W. H. Whitney, J. W .; J. P. Bedell, Treasurer ; E. H. Roney, Secretary ; J. R. Bones, S. D .; J. Bedell, J. D .; F. Noble, J. N. C .; M. Fuller, Tyler; J. W. Mathews, S. M. C.
Mr. William H. Foster has been Master of the lodge since 1875, and Dr. D. T. Whyborn Secretary for the past two years.
GOOD TEMPLARS OF BERNHARD'S BAY .- The society was formed in November, 1868. The original officers were Henry Willard, Jr., W. C .; Mary Willard, W. V .; John Beckwith, P. W. C .; H. C. Short, Secretary; E. R. Crandall, L. D. The present officers are Frank Foster, W. C; Adella Crandall, W. V .; H. Willard, P. W. C .; E. R. Crandall, Secretary ; Mina Taft, F. S .; Frank Marsden, Treasurer; Jennie Marsden, Chaplain; George Taft, Mar- shal ; George Aley and Edie Cook, Guards; E. R. Cran- dall, L. D.
TOWN OFFICERS.
The records of all the early officers of Constantia are lost. We give below the names of the supervisors since 1853:
Ephraim Cleveland, 1854; Henry W. Rhoda, 1855; Albert Morse, 1856-57; Frederick W. Miles, 1858-59; Julian Carter, 1860; Giles W. Lane, 1861 ; Samuel P. Smith, 1862; Julian Carter, 1863; Ira P. Brown, 1864; A. Luther Dolby, 1865-66; Henry J. Caswell, 1867 ; Clinton Stevens, 1868; Moses Dolby, 1869; Henry A. Baker, 1870; Frederick W. Miles (in place of M. Dolby, elected and resigned), 1871-74; George Harding, 1875- 76; L. P. Marsden, 1877.
The following are the present officers of the town: Super- visor, L. P. Marsden ; Town Clerk, Edwin L. Beebe ; Jus- tices of the Peace, Silas W. Lane, Ephraim Cleveland, - Harrington, and Silas Penoyer; Assessors, E. C. Johnson, J. E. Marsh, and John Deans; Commissioners of Highways, F. H. Wood, William Barnes, and Charles Dickinson ; Collector, George W. Miles; Overseers of the Poor, Albert A. Yates and Emory Francis ; Constables, J. Burlingame, Vietor Hallock, William P. Fosdick, Leonard B. Cook, and Albert E. Champlain ; Game Con- stable, John L. Sullivan ; Town Auditors, H. Caswell, W. Stowell, and R. Carter; Excise Commissioners, H. Roney, Sanford Woodward, and Joshua Haight.
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